Report cardPeru

1

Contents Page  

Obesity prevalence 2

Trend: % Adults living with obesity, 1992-2014 4

Trend: % Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1992-2014 5

Trend: % Adults living with obesity, selected countries, 1960-2020 6

Overweight/obesity by education 8

Overweight/obesity by age 10

Overweight/obesity by region 12

Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group 14

Insufficient physical activity 16

Average daily frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption 19

Estimated per capita fruit intake 20

Prevalence of less than daily fruit consumption 21

Prevalence of less than daily vegetable consumption 22

Average weekly frequency of fast food consumption 23

Estimated per-capita processed meat intake 24

Estimated per capita whole grains intake 25

Mental health - depression disorders 26

Mental health - anxiety disorders 27

% Infants exclusively breastfed 0-5 months 28

Oesophageal cancer 29

Breast cancer 31

Colorectal cancer 32

Pancreatic cancer 34

Gallbladder cancer 36

Kidney cancer 38

Cancer of the uterus 40

Raised blood pressure 41

Raised cholesterol 44

Raised fasting blood glucose 47

Diabetes prevalence 49

Health systems 50

Obesity prevalence

Women, 2014

 

Women0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 15-49

Sample size: 23495

Area covered: National

References: Demographic Health Survey Peru 2014

Notes: Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males

aged 15-59.

Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

2

Children, 2013-2014

 

Children Boys Girls0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 5-13

Sample size: 2801

Area covered: National

References: Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with

overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 ¬ï

https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082

Notes: WHO Cut off Used

Cutoffs: WHO

3

% Adults living with obesity, 1992-2014 

1995 2000 2005 2010 20150

5

10

15

20

Obesity, Women

Survey type: Measured

References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/

Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please

check with original data sources for methodologies used.

4

% Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1992-2014 

1995 2000 2005 2010 20150

10

20

30

40

50

60

Overweight or obesity, Women

Survey type: Measured

References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/

Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please

check with original data sources for methodologies used.

5

% Adults living with obesity, selected countries, 1960-2020

Men

 

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200

10

20

30

40

50

Obesity, Bahamas Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Mexico Obesity, United States

% A

dults

livi

ng w

ith o

besi

ty

References: For full details of references visit

https://data.worldobesity.org/

Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please

check with original data sources for methodologies used.

6

Women

 

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200

10

20

30

40

50

Obesity, Bahamas Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Colombia Obesity, GuatemalaObesity, Haiti Obesity, Mexico Obesity, Peru Obesity, United States

% A

dults

livi

ng w

ith o

besi

ty

References: For full details of references visit

https://data.worldobesity.org/

Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please

check with original data sources for methodologies used.

7

Overweight/obesity by education

Women, 2014

 

No education Primary Secondary Higher0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 15-49

Sample size: 23497

Area covered: National

References: Demographic Health Survey 2014

Notes: Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males

aged 15-59.

Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

8

Children, 2013-2014

 

No education Primary Secondary Higher education0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 5-13

Sample size: 2801

Area covered: National

References: Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with

overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 ¬ï

https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082

Notes: WHO Cut Off Points Used Education based on Parental educational status

Cutoffs: WHO

9

Overweight/obesity by age

Women, 2014

 

Age 15-19 Age 20-29 Age 30-39 Age 40-490

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Sample size: 23497

Area covered: National

References: Demographic Health Survey 2014

Notes: Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males

aged 15-59.

Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

10

Children, 2013-2014

 

Age 5-7 Age 8-10 Age 11-130

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Sample size: 2801

Area covered: National

References: Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with

overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 •

https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082

Notes: WHO Cut Off Points Used

Cutoffs: WHO

11

Overweight/obesity by region

Women, 2014

 

Rural Urban0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 15-49

Sample size: 23497

Area covered: National

References: Demographic Health Survey 2014

Notes: Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males

aged 15-59.

Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

12

Children, 2013-2014

 

Costa Lima Metropolitana 2/ Selva Sierra0

10

20

30

40

50

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 5-13

Sample size: 2801

Area covered: National

References: Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with

overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 •

https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082

Notes: WHO Cut Off Points Used

Cutoffs: WHO

13

Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group

Women, 2014

 

Lowest Quintile 2nd 3rd 4th Highest Quintile0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 15-49

Sample size: 23497

Area covered: National

References: Demographic Health Survey 2014

Notes: Demographic Health Survey data includes ever married women aged 15-49 years only and may include males

aged 15-59.

Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

14

Children, 2013-2014

 

Poorest Poor Not poor0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 5-13

Sample size: 2801

Area covered: National

References: Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Doris Alvarez-Dongo, Paula Espinoza-Oriundo. Prevalence and factors associated with

overweight and obesity in Peruvian primary school children. Rev. salud pública 20 (2) Mar-Apr 2018 •

https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.V20n2.68082

Notes: WHO Cut Off Points Used

Cutoffs: WHO

15

Insufficient physical activity

Children, 2016

 

United States

Canada

Antigua & B

arbuda

Belize

Suriname

Barbados

Costa R

ica

Trinidad & Tobago

Uruguay

St Kitts & Nevis

Mexico

Paraguay

Brazil

Honduras

Colom

bia

Guyana

Dom

inica

Grenada

St Lucia

Baham

as

Peru

Argentina

Bolivia

St Vincent & G

ren.

El Salvador

Ecuador

Guatem

ala

Chile

Venezuela

0

20

40

60

80

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity

Survey type: Self-reported

Age: 11-17

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)

Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less

than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.

Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

16

Boys, 2016

 

United States

Canada

Antigua & B

arbuda

Uruguay

Costa R

ica

Belize

Barbados

Brazil

Suriname

St Kitts & Nevis

Mexico

Trinidad & Tobago

Paraguay

Argentina

Honduras

Baham

as

Colom

bia

Guyana

Grenada

Dom

inica

Bolivia

Peru

El Salvador

St Lucia

Ecuador

St Vincent & G

ren.

Chile

Guatem

ala

Venezuela

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity

Survey type: Self-reported

Age: 11-17

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)

Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less

than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.

Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

17

Girls, 2016

 

United States

Canada

Belize

Antigua & B

arbuda

Suriname

Trinidad & Tobago

St Lucia

Dom

inica

St Kitts & Nevis

Guyana

Peru

Barbados

Grenada

Colom

bia

Honduras

Mexico

Baham

as

Costa R

ica

Paraguay

St Vincent & G

ren.

Bolivia

Brazil

Guatem

ala

Uruguay

El Salvador

Argentina

Ecuador

Chile

Venezuela

0

20

40

60

80

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity

Survey type: Self-reported

Age: 11-17

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)

Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less

than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.

Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

18

Average daily frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption

Children, 2009-2015

 

PeruCosta Rica

Dominica

Guatemala

St Kitts & Nevis

BelizeEl Salvador

Antigua & Barbuda

BoliviaGuyana

ChileJamaica

Honduras

Trinidad & Tobago

Bahamas

Argentina

UruguaySuriname

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Tim

es p

er d

ay

Survey type: Measured

Age: 12-17

References: Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A

meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard

http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

19

Estimated per capita fruit intake

Adults, 2017

 

Nicaragua

Guyana

Guatem

ala

Haiti

Honduras

Chile

El Salvador

Bolivia

Paraguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Venezuela

Uruguay

Suriname

United States

Belize

Panama

Mexico

Barbados

Peru

Jamaica

St Vincent & G

ren.

Dom

inica

St Lucia

Argentina

Grenada

Canada

Brazil

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Antigua & B

arbuda

Cuba

Ecuador

Dom

inican Republic

Baham

as

0

50

100

150

200

250

g/da

y

Survey type: Measured

Age: 25+

References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/

Definitions: Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)

20

Prevalence of less than daily fruit consumption

Children, 2009-2015

 

Guatemala

GuyanaSuriname

JamaicaGrenada

El Salvador

PeruChile

BelizeUruguay

BoliviaDominica

Antigua & Barbuda

Argentina

Honduras

Costa Rica

St Kitts & Nevis

Bahamas

Trinidad & Tobago

0

10

20

30

40

50

% <

dai

ly c

onsu

mpt

ion

Survey type: Measured

Age: 12-17

References: Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable,

Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food

and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard

http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

Definitions: Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)

21

Prevalence of less than daily vegetable consumption

Children, 2009-2015

 

Suriname

ChileGuyana

BoliviaGuatemala

PeruUruguay

Costa Rica

Antigua & Barbuda

BelizeArgentina

Dominica

Honduras

El Salvador

Trinidad & Tobago

JamaicaSt Kitts & Nevis

GrenadaBahamas

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

% <

dai

ly c

onsu

mpt

ion

Survey type: Measured

Age: 12-17

References: Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A

meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard

http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

Definitions: Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)

22

Average weekly frequency of fast food consumption

Children, 2009-2015

 

ChileArgentina

UruguayPeru

Honduras

Costa Rica

Dominica

Guatemala

El Salvador

BoliviaGuyana

Suriname

Antigua & Barbuda

St Kitts & Nevis

Bahamas

Trinidad & Tobago

JamaicaBelize

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Tim

es p

er w

eek

Age: 12-17

References: Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A

meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard

http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system

23

Estimated per-capita processed meat intake

Adults, 2017

 

Haiti

Bolivia

Peru

Honduras

Nicaragua

Guyana

Belize

Jamaica

Guatem

ala

Cuba

El Salvador

Paraguay

St Vincent & G

ren.

Dom

inica

St Lucia

Grenada

Colom

bia

Dom

inican Republic

Suriname

Venezuela

Barbados

Costa R

ica

Antigua & B

arbuda

Baham

as

Panama

Brazil

Trinidad & Tobago

Argentina

Ecuador

Uruguay

Mexico

Chile

Canada

United States

0

5

10

15

20

g/da

y

Survey type: Measured

Age: 25+

References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/

Definitions: Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)

24

Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Adults, 2017

 

Uruguay

Baham

as

Trinidad & Tobago

Argentina

Chile

Jamaica

Belize

Barbados

Dom

inica

St Vincent & G

ren.

St Lucia

Costa R

ica

Grenada

Haiti

Antigua & B

arbuda

Ecuador

United States

Bolivia

Canada

Cuba

Guyana

Dom

inican Republic

Colom

bia

Guatem

ala

Suriname

Peru

El Salvador

Paraguay

Honduras

Brazil

Nicaragua

Venezuela

Panama

Mexico

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

g/da

y

Survey type: Measured

Age: 25+

References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/

Definitions: Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)

25

Mental health - depression disorders

Adults, 2015

 

Guatem

ala

Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua

Venezuela

Haiti

Belize

Bolivia

El Salvador

Panama

Guyana

Ecuador

Argentina

Canada

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Dom

inican Republic

Grenada

Jamaica

Peru

Suriname

St Lucia

St Vincent & G

ren.

Chile

Uruguay

Antigua & B

arbuda

Baham

as

Paraguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Barbados

Cuba

Brazil

United States

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

% o

f pop

ulat

ion

References: Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and

Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-

NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Definitions: % of population with depression disorders

26

Mental health - anxiety disorders

Adults, 2015

 

Mexico

Guatem

ala

Honduras

Venezuela

Nicaragua

Panama

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Canada

Bolivia

Haiti

Ecuador

Belize

Dom

inican Republic

Grenada

Guyana

Jamaica

Peru

Colom

bia

St Vincent & G

ren.

Suriname

St Lucia

Antigua & B

arbuda

Barbados

Cuba

Trinidad & Tobago

Baham

as

Argentina

United States

Uruguay

Chile

Paraguay

Brazil

0

2

4

6

8

% o

f pop

ulat

ion

References: Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and

Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-

NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Definitions: % of population with anxiety disorders

27

% Infants exclusively breastfed 0-5 months

Children, 1998-2019

 

St Lucia

Dom

inican Republic

Venezuela

Suriname

Barbados

Guyana

Trinidad & Tobago

Panama

Jamaica

Costa R

ica

United States

Mexico

Paraguay

Honduras

Nicaragua

Argentina

Belize

Colom

bia

Brazil

Ecuador

Haiti

Cuba

El Salvador

Guatem

ala

Bolivia

Uruguay

Peru

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

%

Area covered: National

References: Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar-ENDES 2019 Nacional y Departamental

Notes: See UNICEF website for further survey information. Available at : https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/infant-young-

child-feeding/ (last accessed 28.9.21) Citation: United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and

Monitoring (2021). Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding, New York,

September 2021.

Definitions: % exclusively breastfed 0-5 months

28

Oesophageal cancer

Men, 2018

 

Nicaragua

Guyana

Suriname

Mexico

Belize

Honduras

Guatem

ala

El Salvador

Peru

Ecuador

Barbados

Costa R

ica

Trinidad & Tobago

Bolivia

Panama

Haiti

Colom

bia

St Lucia

Dom

inican Republic

Chile

Venezuela

Jamaica

Baham

as

Argentina

Canada

United States

Uruguay

Paraguay

Brazil

Cuba

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, oesophagus, adults ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

29

Women, 2018

 

Belize

St Lucia

Suriname

Nicaragua

Trinidad & Tobago

Baham

as

Barbados

Mexico

Panama

Guyana

Ecuador

Venezuela

Bolivia

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Guatem

ala

Colom

bia

Peru

Honduras

Jamaica

Dom

inican Republic

United States

Cuba

Paraguay

Canada

Brazil

Argentina

Chile

Uruguay

Haiti

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, oesophagus, adults ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

30

Breast cancer

Women, 2018

 

Haiti

Guatem

ala

Bolivia

Honduras

Ecuador

Nicaragua

Belize

Mexico

El Salvador

Peru

Chile

Panama

Colom

bia

Cuba

Guyana

Costa R

ica

Paraguay

St Lucia

Venezuela

Suriname

Jamaica

Dom

inican Republic

Brazil

Baham

as

Uruguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Barbados

Argentina

Canada

United States

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, breast, females, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

31

Colorectal cancer

Men, 2018

 

Guyana

Guatem

ala

Bolivia

El Salvador

Honduras

Belize

Haiti

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Mexico

St Lucia

Dom

inican Republic

Peru

Venezuela

Paraguay

Cuba

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Panama

Suriname

Brazil

Jamaica

Trinidad & Tobago

Chile

Baham

as

United States

Argentina

Canada

Uruguay

Barbados

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, colorectum, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

32

Women, 2018

 

Guyana

Bolivia

Guatem

ala

Honduras

El Salvador

Mexico

Belize

Ecuador

Haiti

Nicaragua

Peru

Paraguay

Venezuela

Suriname

Dom

inican Republic

Panama

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

St Lucia

Trinidad & Tobago

Chile

Brazil

Cuba

Baham

as

Argentina

United States

Canada

Uruguay

Jamaica

Barbados

0

10

20

30

40

50

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, colorectum, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

33

Pancreatic cancer

Men, 2018

 

Belize

Guatem

ala

Baham

as

Bolivia

Ecuador

Jamaica

El Salvador

Guyana

Mexico

St Lucia

Nicaragua

Panama

Suriname

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Haiti

Cuba

Venezuela

Dom

inican Republic

Peru

Brazil

Paraguay

Honduras

Chile

Trinidad & Tobago

Canada

Barbados

Argentina

United States

Uruguay

0

5

10

15

20

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, pancreas, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

34

Women, 2018

 

Baham

as

St Lucia

Guatem

ala

Guyana

Bolivia

Panama

Haiti

El Salvador

Jamaica

Ecuador

Nicaragua

Mexico

Costa R

ica

Dom

inican Republic

Colom

bia

Cuba

Honduras

Belize

Venezuela

Brazil

Trinidad & Tobago

Peru

Paraguay

Suriname

Chile

Barbados

Canada

Argentina

United States

Uruguay

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, pancreas, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

35

Gallbladder cancer

Men, 2018

 

Belize

Guyana

Haiti

Dom

inican Republic

Jamaica

Panama

Guatem

ala

Suriname

Honduras

St Lucia

Venezuela

Paraguay

Barbados

Cuba

Trinidad & Tobago

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Mexico

Brazil

Nicaragua

United States

Colom

bia

Canada

Argentina

Baham

as

Ecuador

Peru

Uruguay

Chile

Bolivia

0

5

10

15

20

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, gallbladder, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

36

Women, 2018

 

Guyana

Suriname

St Lucia

Haiti

Trinidad & Tobago

Belize

Dom

inican Republic

Guatem

ala

Venezuela

Barbados

Panama

Baham

as

Cuba

United States

Brazil

Jamaica

Costa R

ica

Paraguay

Canada

Argentina

Uruguay

Mexico

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Colom

bia

Honduras

El Salvador

Peru

Chile

Bolivia

0

5

10

15

20

25

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, gallbladder, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

37

Kidney cancer

Men, 2018

 

St Lucia

Dom

inican Republic

Haiti

Guatem

ala

Belize

Guyana

Jamaica

Honduras

Nicaragua

El Salvador

Suriname

Baham

as

Bolivia

Trinidad & Tobago

Colom

bia

Ecuador

Paraguay

Mexico

Panama

Costa R

ica

Cuba

Brazil

Venezuela

Peru

Barbados

Chile

Argentina

Canada

United States

Uruguay

0

5

10

15

20

25

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, kidney, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per 100,000

38

Women, 2018

 

Belize

Suriname

Haiti

Dom

inican Republic

Jamaica

Nicaragua

Guatem

ala

El Salvador

Guyana

Honduras

Paraguay

St Lucia

Baham

as

Trinidad & Tobago

Colom

bia

Ecuador

Costa R

ica

Barbados

Bolivia

Mexico

Panama

Brazil

Cuba

Peru

Venezuela

Chile

Argentina

Canada

United States

Uruguay

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, kidney, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per 100,000

39

Cancer of the uterus

Women, 2018

 

Canada

United States

Baham

as

Mexico

Costa R

ica

Brazil

Chile

Uruguay

Colom

bia

St Lucia

Cuba

Trinidad & Tobago

Barbados

Argentina

Dom

inican Republic

Haiti

Ecuador

El Salvador

Panama

Honduras

Guatem

ala

Nicaragua

Peru

Venezuela

Suriname

Belize

Jamaica

Paraguay

Guyana

Bolivia

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, cervix uteri, females, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

40

Raised blood pressure

Adults, 2015

 

United States

Canada

Peru

Bolivia

Ecuador

Venezuela

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Cuba

Colom

bia

Mexico

Panama

Uruguay

Nicaragua

Baham

as

Chile

Guatem

ala

Honduras

Dom

inican Republic

Jamaica

Suriname

Dom

inica

Argentina

Belize

Guyana

Brazil

St Vincent & G

ren.

Antigua & B

arbuda

Grenada

Barbados

Haiti

Paraguay

St Kitts & Nevis

Trinidad & Tobago

St Lucia

0

5

10

15

20

25

% ra

ised

blo

od p

ress

ure

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en

Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

41

Men, 2015

 

United States

Canada

Peru

Bolivia

Ecuador

El Salvador

Cuba

Costa R

ica

Colom

bia

Venezuela

Nicaragua

Guatem

ala

Mexico

Panama

Honduras

Dom

inican Republic

Belize

Guyana

Jamaica

Suriname

Uruguay

Baham

as

Haiti

Chile

Dom

inica

St Vincent & G

ren.

Antigua & B

arbuda

Brazil

Grenada

Barbados

Argentina

Trinidad & Tobago

Paraguay

St Kitts & Nevis

St Lucia

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

% ra

ised

blo

od p

ress

ure

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en

Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

42

Women, 2015

 

United States

Canada

Peru

Venezuela

Ecuador

Bolivia

Costa R

ica

Chile

Baham

as

Uruguay

Colom

bia

Cuba

El Salvador

Mexico

Panama

Argentina

Dom

inican Republic

Jamaica

Dom

inica

Brazil

Nicaragua

Suriname

Honduras

Antigua & B

arbuda

Guatem

ala

St Vincent & G

ren.

Belize

Paraguay

Guyana

Grenada

Barbados

St Kitts & Nevis

Haiti

Trinidad & Tobago

St Lucia

0

5

10

15

20

25

% ra

ised

blo

od p

ress

ure

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en

Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

43

Raised cholesterol

Adults, 2008

 

Haiti

Guyana

Guatem

ala

Nicaragua

Honduras

Jamaica

Cuba

Dom

inican Republic

Belize

Grenada

El Salvador

Suriname

Bolivia

St Vincent & G

ren.

St Lucia

Dom

inica

Paraguay

Venezuela

Peru

Trinidad & Tobago

Ecuador

Costa R

ica

St Kitts & Nevis

Uruguay

Colom

bia

Barbados

Panama

Antigua & B

arbuda

Brazil

Chile

Argentina

Mexico

Baham

as

Canada

United States

0

10

20

30

40

50

% ra

ised

cho

lest

erol

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885

Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

44

Men, 2008

 

Haiti

Guyana

St Vincent & G

ren.

Guatem

ala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Jamaica

Cuba

Dom

inican Republic

Grenada

Belize

El Salvador

Dom

inica

Suriname

Venezuela

Bolivia

St Lucia

Paraguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Costa R

ica

Peru

Ecuador

St Kitts & Nevis

Barbados

Panama

Antigua & B

arbuda

Colom

bia

Uruguay

Brazil

Mexico

Chile

Baham

as

Argentina

United States

Canada

0

10

20

30

40

50

% ra

ised

cho

lest

erol

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885

Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

45

Women, 2008

 

Haiti

Guyana

Guatem

ala

Nicaragua

Honduras

Jamaica

Cuba

Dom

inican Republic

Belize

Grenada

Bolivia

El Salvador

Suriname

St Vincent & G

ren.

Peru

Paraguay

St Lucia

Uruguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Ecuador

Venezuela

Colom

bia

Dom

inica

Brazil

St Kitts & Nevis

Costa R

ica

Barbados

Panama

Antigua & B

arbuda

Chile

Argentina

Canada

Mexico

Baham

as

United States

0

10

20

30

40

50

% ra

ised

cho

lest

erol

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885

Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

46

Raised fasting blood glucose

Men, 2014

 

Canada

United States

Peru

Paraguay

Ecuador

Brazil

Colom

bia

Haiti

Bolivia

Costa R

ica

Venezuela

Argentina

Cuba

Panama

Uruguay

Honduras

Guatem

ala

El Salvador

Chile

Nicaragua

Dom

inican Republic

Mexico

St Vincent & G

ren.

Guyana

Antigua & B

arbuda

Trinidad & Tobago

Grenada

Suriname

Dom

inica

Baham

as

Barbados

Jamaica

St Lucia

Belize

St Kitts & Nevis

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

% ra

ised

fast

ing

bloo

d gl

ucos

e

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en

Definitions: Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

47

Women, 2014

 

Canada

Bolivia

Peru

Cuba

Ecuador

Brazil

Paraguay

United States

Colom

bia

Dom

inica

Honduras

Dom

inican Republic

Haiti

Costa R

ica

Grenada

Guatem

ala

Panama

Guyana

Uruguay

Nicaragua

El Salvador

Jamaica

St Vincent & G

ren.

Antigua & B

arbuda

Argentina

Venezuela

Belize

Chile

Trinidad & Tobago

Barbados

Mexico

Suriname

Baham

as

St Kitts & Nevis

St Lucia

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

% ra

ised

fast

ing

bloo

d gl

ucos

e

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en

Definitions: Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

48

Diabetes prevalence

Adults, 2021

 

Antigua & B

arbuda

Argentina

Baham

as

Barbados

Belize

Bolivia

Brazil

Canada

Chile

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Cuba

Dom

inica

Dom

inican Republic

Ecuador

El Salvador

Grenada

Guatem

ala

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Jamaica

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

St Kitts & Nevis

St Lucia

St Vincent & G

ren.

Suriname

Trinidad & Tobago

United States

Uruguay

Venezuela

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

% d

iabe

tes

prev

alen

ce

Age: 20-79

Area covered: National

References: Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation.  IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels,

Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2021. http://www.diabetesatlas.org

Definitions: Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, %

49

Health systems

Economic classification: Upper Middle Income

Health systems summary

Peru’s health system is decentralised and complex, with healthcare provided by 5 separate entities (4 of which are public). Most of the population (60%) is served by the Ministry of Health (MINSA), but other providers include EsSalud (30%), the Armed Forces, the National Police and the private sector. MINSA provides the bulk of primary healthcare services and is mostly funded with tax revenues MINSA is free for the most vulnerable Peruvian citizens. EsSalud is a form of social insurance for workers where both the employers and employees contribute. In 2009, a universal health insurance law passed that made coverage by health insurance mandatory. As a result, those covered by MINSA’s scheme has been expanded to cover more Peruvians, and now 87% of the population have some form of insurance. Universal health coverage is expected to be reached by 2021.

One of the greatest challenges faced by the Peruvian health system is the persistent urban-rural disparities in access to healthcare services and professionals. The highly fragmented system results in an inefficient use of resources.

Indicators

Where is the country’s government in the journey towards defining ‘Obesity as a disease’? Some progress

Where is the country’s healthcare provider in the journey towards defining ‘Obesity as a

disease’?

Some progress

Is there specialist training available dedicated to the training of health professionals to

prevent, diagnose, treat and manage obesity?

No

Have any taxes or subsidies been put in place to protect/assist/inform the population around

obesity?

Yes

Are there adequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity

in urban areas?

No

Are there adequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity

in rural areas?

No

Are there any obesity-specific recommendations or guidelines published for adults? Not known

Are there any obesity-specific recommendations or guidelines published for children? Yes

In practice, how is obesity treatment largely funded? Out of pocket

50

Perceived barriers to treatment

Lack of financial investment and

funding for coverage

Poor health literacy and behaviour

Social determinants of health

Lack of training

Lack of treatment facilities

Fragmented and/or failing health system

Lack of multi-disciplinary teams

Lack of evidence, monitoring and

research

Poor availability of pharmaceutical

treatments

Summary of stakeholder feedback

There is limited government action around obesity, and it is not yet considered to be a disease. Stakeholders highlighted that there is notable inaction around prevention, with little economic and workforce resources dedicated to this. An exception to this is the recent introduction of front of package labelling.

Obesity is not considered to be a disease among healthcare providers either. Obesity treatment is only offered when comorbidities are present and/or the obesity is severe. When obesity treatment is provided, it is generally paid for out of pocket at great expense to the individual. Multi-disciplinary care is said to be rare. Those living in rural areas have great difficulty accessing the health system in general, and rarely receive obesity treatment as infectious diseases are a greater priority. People tend to leave the health system because of long waiting lists, a lack of obesity specialists to provide treatment and a failure to recognise that obesity needs to be treated.

There are inadequate numbers of obesity professionals in both urban and rural areas and there is limited to no specialist obesity training. Where there is training it seems to be only available for professionals such as endocrinologists, nutritionists and surgeons and it is general obesity training, not specialist.

Based on interviews/survey returns from 4 stakeholders

Last updated: June 2020

PDF created on February 11, 2022

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