report 8 part 1 text

8/6/2019 Report 8 Part 1 Text

1/74

The AustralianCentre or Egyptology:Reports8

THE TETI CEMETERYAT SAQQARAVolume

TheTombsof Nedjet-em-pet,a-aper ndOthers

---//

N. Kanawati and A. Hassan

With contributions y P. Bentley,A. Cavanagh, . Charoubim,A. McFarlane, .Shafik.K. Sowada, . Thompson, . Victor

,:r-'F.

l|?


2/74

THETETICEMtrTtrRYAT SAQQARAVolume

TheTombsof Nedjet-em-pet,a-aper ndOthers


3/74

r!.! 1 : '' /' ) J i i ; . i r ' ' '.l i-1 ',a.,.,'' '"ii,, The AustralianCentreReports:

for Egyptology


4/74

THE TETI CEMETERYAT SAQQARAVolume

TheTombsof Nedjet_em_pet,a_aper ndOthers

N. Kanawati and A. HassanWith contributions?V J Bentley,A. Cavanagh, . Charoubrm,A. McFarlane,S. Shafik,K- S;i;;u,-E. Thonlpson,N. Victor

Austral ian entre-orEgyptologySydney. 996-


5/74

@ N. Kanawoti and A.ISBN: Hasscrn1996. All rights reservedI -86108-2s9-3

Published y: TheAu,strctliun entre.fbrEgyptologyMacquarie University,North Rytle,N.S.ly. 2109,Australia

Printed by: AdeptPrinting Pty.Ltd.I3 Clements venne,Bnnkstotvn, .S.W.2200,Austrul.ia

Distributedby: Aris md Phillips Lttl.ChurchStreet,Wunninster,Wilts,Englcrnd


6/74

CONTENTS

PREFACEABBREVIATIONSTHE MASTABA OF NEDJET-EM.PETTHE BURIAL OF IBITHE MASTABA OF KA.APERINSCRIBED OBJECTSAND FRAGMENTSAPPENDIX: THE MASTABA oF GEREF/ITJI

INDEXPLATES

l l

3 l355369

7517

.5


7/74

23 .

Gcneralview of thc ccmetcry o thc northofTet i ' spyramidLocation of rccentcxcavat ionso thc noriho1 'Tct i ' s yramtdNcdjet-cm-pct(a ) Ent rance. in te l(b ) Entrancc, ru m(c ) Roont I. north wil l lNcdjet-crn-pctnd bi(a ) Ib i , a lscdoors room V. Ned jc t -et -pct )(b) Ned jc t -em-pet .oom V' nor thwa l l(c) Ncdjet-cnr-pct .haft 6Nedjct-crn-pet.oornV. l 'a lse oorNedjct-em-pet.oom V, north wall (detail)Ncdjet-cm-pct. oorn V. northwall (dcta i l)Ncdjet-cm-pct, arcoPhagus(a) In tcr io r(b ) In te r io r , i dc2 (dcta i l )Nedjct-em-pet. kelcta l ctnains n thcsarcopnagu

39. Necl jct -crn-pet(a ) Ent rance, in tc l(b) Entrancc, lrum(c) Entrancc o room ll , rvest loort h i c k n e s s(d) Roorn , wcst wal l(c ) Roorn . nor thwa l l40. Ncdjct-crn-pct.t)or11, l 'a lsc loor,1 . Ncdjet-crn-pet,oo m V(a ) North rval l(b ) Fragmcnts42 . Ncdjct-ern-pcl,oom V, north rval l (dcta i l),13. Necl jct -crn-pct ,arcophagusntcr ior(hand oPY)(a) S ide(b) S idc2(c) Sidc3

PLATES

+ + .

4 6 .1 14 u .,19.5 0 .

4 .

5 .6 .' 7 .a1

9 .I 0. Ncdjct-cm-pct . indsI l . Ncd je t -crn -pe t .indsI 2. Ib i ( room V. Ned jc t -e tn -Pet )(a) Southcrn alsedoor(b) Northcrn -alsc ot irI 3 . Ib i andKa-aPer .indsI zl . Thc mastaba l' Ka-apcr, encral icwI 5. Ka-aper, t l t r i lnceI 6. Ka-apcr,cntrance, orth iamhI 7. Ka-apcr,e l) t rancc. orth iamb dctai l)I E. Ka-aPcr, ntrancc( r t ) N o l l h t h i c k t t c s :(b ) Nor th h ickness deta i l )I 9. Ka-aper, ntrancc(a) South h ickncss(b) South h ickncss dcta i l )20 . Ktr-aper, r lotn I , la lscdoot'21 . Ka-apcr , oon i l l , f a l se oorn iche 'nor tht h i c k n e s s22 . Ka-apcr, oonl III, [a lsedoor niche(a) South h ickness(b) South amb23. Ka-apcr . i r rcoPhagus

1 1

2 5 .2 6 .2 1 .2 t .2 9 .3 0 .3 1 .3 2 .3 3 .- ) + .3 5 .3 6 .3 7 .3lJ

(a ) S idc3(b) SideInscr ibedobjccts.1'alsc oorsInscr ibed b jcc t s . a lscdoorsInscr ibed b jccts . l ' lc r ing ab lesInscr ibecl b jccts,ol-f 'cringablcsInscr ibed -ragmcll tsInscr ibcd ra-umcntslnscr ibed ragmentsInscr ibed ragmcntsInscr ibcd ragmcntsInscr ibed 'ragnlcntsInscr ibcd ragmcntsGercf, falsedoorNcd je t -cm-pet , lansNcdjct-ern-Pet,cct lonsNcdjet-crn-pet. ect ions

Nedjct-cm-pct, . indslbi (room V. Ned. ict-cm-Pct)(a) Southcrn 'a lse oo r(b ) Northcrn 'a lsc oo rIb i and Ka-rpcr, - indsKa-apcr.plln and scct ionKa-aper . cct ionsKa-apcr, :ntnutcc(a) South arnb(h) Nor th ambKa-aper, ntrancc(a) South h ickncss(b) Nor th th ickncssKa-uper, oo m ll . l 'a lse oo rKa-apcr, oo m II I , s idesof fa lsedoor5 l5 2(a ) South(b) Nor th53. Ka-aper. oom ll l , l 'a lsc oor niche( a ) S o u t h h i c k n e s s(b) Nor th th ickness

54 . Ka-apcr, oorrr l l, I 'alsc oor niche(a) South amb(b) Nor th amb55. Ka-apcr , a rcophagus(a) L id , s idc(b) Siclc(c ) S idc3(d) Side 1, n te r io r-56 . lnsc r ibcd b jcc t s , t6 lcn ia ison(a ) FaEadc(b) I lack(c) End57. Inscr ibct l b j cc t s , a lsedoors5 8. lnscr ibcdobjccts,of ' l 'erin-uablcs59. lnscr ibcd 'ragtncnts( r0 . Inscr ibed ragntcn ts61. Inscr ibed' rag t t tcn ts( r2 . Inscr ibed ragmcnts6 3 Inscr ibcd 'ragme ts6'1. Inscr ibeclragmcnts(r5. Gcrcf . a lscdoor


8/74

PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe reign of Teti and the early Sixth Dynasty epl 'esentn interesting nclir.nportanteriod n Egyptian istorywhichwitncssedeligious ndadministrativcreforms, ore ign act iv i t ies, nusual vents n the palaccand rnajorar t is t icachievements.However,our understandingf this period s restricted r-reo theincomplete xcavationsnd/or ocumcntationf theTetiCemetery.While someofthe brilliantlydecorated astabaso thenorthof thepyrantidof Teti areaccessibleor at leastavailable o scholarsn publications, thereqr-rallymportantmastabasremainpartly or total ly unpublishcd. n addition,an important ectionof thiscemeteryhasneverbeen nvestigated nd iesuncler moundo[ sandanddeblisresulting iom earlier xcavationsseePl. 1).The present xcavationo the northof Teti 'spyrarrid s a.jointprojcctof theAustralianCentre or Egyptology nd heEgyptianSupreme ouncilof Antiquities.

Its aimsare: a) to carryout anarchaeologicalurveyof thecet.neteryf Teti and crproduce detailedmapwith tomb ocations;b) to excavatehe areadeflnedon theeastby the emenoswall of thepyrarnicl f Quecn pr-rt. n thewestby the mastabaof Shepsi-pu-Ptahnd on the sor-rthy the mastaba f Ncl-er-seshern-Ptah;) toful ly publish heresults f our excavationsswcll ascomplete eports f certainknown mastabasn thisareawhich havenot recciveclheattentionheydescrve;d)to undertake synthesis tucly 1'thematerial hm thisccmetery ertainingo theOld Kingdomaswell as aterperiods.Thiswil l include detai led xamination l-the human emains,DNA analysis, arbon atingof certain rganicmaterials ndastudyof theceramics ndotherobjccts iscovercd.The expedi t ion egan ts work in 1994 vi th two seasons, ay-JuneandNovember-December. third seasonwas conductedn November-December199-5.The current olume ecords l l thc Old Kingdom ombsand inds so larcleared.The evelabove hese ombscontained llmcrous urialsof latcr periodswhich belonged o modest fficialsand heir amilies. Material iom these urialswill appezrn a separateolumenow n preparation.In 1995a grid systemwas ntrclducedhichdivided hecun'ent xcavation iteinto squares f 5m. x 5m. taking hc north-eastornerof themastaba f Kt-gnt-rt.jas a starting oint o thegrid. Beginningwith thesquare losesto thatmastaba,thedivisions n theN-S ine weregivenalphabeticalctters tarting ith A, whilethe divisionson thcE-W linewereassigned rabicnumerals tartingwith l. Fron-r

1995all findswere ocated n thisgrid.In recording eramic bjects, number f vcssels eleexamined nd ecordeclsaccurately spossible, oting he shape, urface 'inish, ecoration nd echnology.The colourdescriptions rebased n MunsellSoil CrilourCharts reviscd d. 1994,New York) and he abricsareclassifiedn accordance ith theViennaSystem D.Arnold and J. Bourriau,An Introdttc'tiono Ancient Egv-ptuirt ottery [Mainz,19931, 68). Potswerecxamined ndera i0x hand enson a fi'esh rcak,althor"rghappropriate ectionswere not alwaysvisibleon contplete essels.For these,approximate abric designationsregiven.


9/74

Abbreviationsused in the text elreas fol lows. unless otherwise noted:H = maximumheight;W = maximurnwidth; L = maximum ength;D = diameter;Th = thickness.During the courseof our work we received enerousinancialsupport rom

variousnstitutions ithoutwhich hispro.jector"rldevcrhavebeenaccomplished.Our mostsincere ppreciations extendedo the NaitionalGeographic ociety, heEgyptian SupremeCouncil of Antiquities, hc Austral ianResearchCouncil ,MacquarieUniversity nd heRundleFoundationbr EgyptianArchaeology.The continuedand valr,rnbleooperation f the EgyptianSupremeCouncil ofAntiquities s gratefullyacknowlcdged.n this espect pecial hanksareextendedto the Chairman.Professor r. Abd el-HalirnNour el-Din, and o the DirectorGeneralof Giza and Saqqara, r. Zahi Hawass. Thernks re also due to theDirectors f Antiquitiesat Seiqqara,r YehyaEid andnow Mr. MohamedHagras,and to the inspectorate ersonnel or their supportand help. We are mostappreciative f the compctentand unsparingassistanceeceived rom our

accompanyingnspectors, r Nour el-DinAbd el-Samad ndMr. Ezatel-Gendi,who greatly acilitated ur field work.A very dedicatedeamassisted n site and t is a pleasureo acknowledgeheirindividLralolesandcontributions.Dr. Ade Abd el-Aziz(Fayr-rm),iss TrerceyCallaghan,Mr. PaulCowieandMiss JaneRoy (Macquarie niversity) ctedasfield supervisors.The epigraphicwork was carriedout by Dr. Ann McFarlane,Mrs. ElizabethThompson Macquarie niversity)andMr. Sarneh hafik Sohag).The findswere recorded y Ms. Karin Sowada University f Sydney), nd hehuman emains y Mr. PaulBentley MacquaricUniversity).Mr. Alan Cavanaghand Mrs. Delma Cavanagh Newcastle)ook chargeo1'thesurveyingand the

architectural easurements. rs. Gael Callaghan nd Miss TraceyCallaghan(MacquarieUnivcrsity)wcre esponsibleor theconservation ork.We would ike to express ur deepappreciationo all who were nvolvcd n thepreparat ion f th is repor t . Mr. Paul Bent ley Macquar ieUnivers i ty)wasresponsibleor writ ing the scctionon hurnan emains nd Dr. Ann McFarlanc(Macquar ieUnivers i ty) or the arch i tectura l escr ip t ions nd the co lourconventions.Ms. Karin Sowada University f Sydncy)wrote the sections nfindsand drew thepottery. The final line drawings f the scenes nd nscriptionswereexecuted y Mr. Nabil CharoubimCairo)andMr. Sarneh haflk Sohag).The architectural rawings re hework of Mr. Alan Cavanagh ndMr. Kas Sroka,(Cashmere arler& Cavanagh, ewcastle) ndof Mr. NaguibVictor (Sydney).The photographs ereprovided y Mr. Mr-rstafabd el-Maqsud ndMr. Nasser l-Din Abd el-Monem EgyptianMnseurn, airo).Thc lnal artwork br thisvolumcwas prepared y Mrs. JoanPollctt and Mrs. El izabethThompson MacquarieUniversity).Themanuscript asecl i tcd, i th assistanceiom MissJoanBcck,Dr.Desmond right,Mrs. JoanPollettandMrs. El izabcth hompson, ndproducedfb r printingby Dr. Ann McFarlane.

Nacuib Kanawati and Hassan


10/74

ABBREVIATIONSAfl iot ,Tel lEdfou /9- l - l : A l l iot ,M.,Rapportsur le,s. fou i l lest teTel ld lbu 1933(F- lFAOX.2:Cairo,1935).Badawy,


11/74

Kanawati, El-Hugar.st Kanawati,N.,77rr: ctni l ts _f l-Hagarsa,3vols. Sydncy,1993-9-5).Kanawat i et al . ,sctqquro : Kanawat i ,N. - El-Khoul i ,A. - Mclrar lanc, . - Maksoud.N.Y., E.rcctvcttion st So(lqoru: rtrth-we.st.fTeti ' .s t 'runtid. ol. I (Sydney. 9tizl).Kanawat i - McFar lane,Akhminr l : Ki inawat i .N. - McFar lanc, . , Akhnt inr n t l rc Olt lKingdont: Chronologt' td AdntinistrutittnSydncy'1992).El-i(houli - Kanawati, Saqrlaru2: El-Khouli, A. - Kanawati,N. , E.tcavotittn.st Soqqara:North-+vest.f' et i 'sPt'rttnrid. ol . 2 (Sydney'1988).E l -Khou l i - Kanawat i ,Quse i r e ! -Anr t rna . E l -Khou l i ,A . - Kanawat i , . , Quse i r e lAmarna:Th eTrmbs f Pept'-unkh nd Khewen-uaftlrSydney. 9tt9).Krogman - Iscan, Thc Humun Skelclon:Krt lgnlan,W. M. - Iscan.M. Y.. The HrrntatrSkeletonn ForensicMetlicine Springfelcl L.. 9116).L.A.: Lexikon ler Agt'pto1rlglc. clck,W. - Otto.E. - Wcstcnclorl', . (Wicsbaclen, 912-).Lapp,Op.ferfonnel:Lapp,G.. Di e Opfc(rtrnel desAlten Re.iche.sMainz./-R.hcin.986).^t e ir i iu i , O!nkmti ler : ' 'Lcpsius,C. R., Dr:r rknr t i lerus A9ypten unclAt l t io l t ierr , 2 vols.(Beilin. I 8,19--59);ext,5 r'ols.. nclErgiirtzltngslnntlLciptig, I 897- 9l3).Lichtheim. Li teruture. Lichthcim,M.. AncientEg,tpt ian i tardure: A BortkoJ leudings,3vols. Bcrkeley, 97-5-ttOt.Lloyd et al.,Suqqiiru T-rtmbs '. Lloycl ' A. B. - Spcnccr.Tonlbs I: TheMctstaba.sf Meru. Scnulettti, htri atrdOthersMariette, Mustubas:Mariette,A. , Le.r' tastabus e l'AntictrM6langes: Mllunge.sGttmal Etltlin Mokltrrr, 2 vols. (Cairo.f;{IO: MitteiLungen es n.stittrtsfiir Orient'fltrscluurg.MMJPerepelkin,Pr i t 'oteigenttr r . r :crcpelkin,' J. , Pr i t ' tLt t ' igt t r t t r . t r . t . i t rrles [.\rcnReir'h.s,rans.R. Miiller-WollernlannTijbingcn' 9U6)'Petr ie.Athr ib is: Pctr ic,W. M.F., Ar l t r ib i . r l -onclon.90l l ) .Porter - Moss, l ' r t1 ' t t tgrapl t iLul Bibl iographt ' : Portcr .B. -Bib!iograp16' f Attt'ientEgt'lttitutHierttglt'phiLTe-xts, eliefsuntlsccond d.J .Mdlck, 1960-) .

A . J . - E l -Khou l i , . . Saqq0ra(London, 990).Entpire Paris, 889).l9t i .s.rlar Vor.stellurtger Ag,t'pter

Moss ,R . , Topograp l r i ca lPuintin ,s Oxlbrcl, 92l -52:Posener-Kr i6ger dc Cenival ' ' l -he \bu SirL., Hieratic Pttpl'ri n theBriti.shMuseunt: ifthQuibelf Sutlqarct'. uibcll ,J. E. ,E.u'ttt'tttictttst l

Pt tplr i Poscncr r i6gcr , ) . - c lcCenival , -Serias, lr cAbu SirPctptri Lonclon, 96tl).Sut l r luru,rvo ls . Cairo,1907-1923).Quibel l - I i iyter . Tet i North: Quibcl l . . E. - Haytcr .A. G. K.. ' l -et i Pvrunr id,Norr l tSid.(Cairo,1927).Ranke, Pe son ttttlnrcrt'.1935-11). Rankc. H. , Di e altt i

gt 'ptiscltenPe srtne nutnen, 3 vols. (Gl i ickstadt ,

(Boston, 976).Simpson, WeisternCemetert".Sirnpson,W. K.. Mustrtbos tf tlte WasternCentetert': )art

Robins, Proprtr l ion md SlYle:(London ,1994) .Roccat i ,L i t t i ruture' . Roccat i ,(Par is, 982).Roth. Palace Attentlunt.r:Rctth.Atte dants Boston, 99-5.SAK: Srurlie zur Alttigt'1tt.schenSethe.Urfr.: Scthe.K. , (/rkundenSinrpson, Qa r uncl r/a: SirnPson

(Boston, 9t30).Strudwick, Atlministratiorl: Slrudwick,

Washington . C.. l9u4).Vaf oggia, M edo L'Nefe '.l9t t6) .Vandier. Mantrel'.VandierWb : Erntan.A. - GraPow,1926-3; new d . 97 l ) .

Robins, G. , Proprtrt iort ttnd Style in Ant' ient Egt 'Tt t icutArlA.. Lu l i t t i rct ture lt ist r t r ique sous l 'Ancien Ertrp ire /gt l t t icn

A. M.. Girtt Mttslabu', Vttlunte6: A Centetery l Pol(tceKultur.t le,y I tenReit ' l te.s. ,1,ols. L.cipzig, 932-33).. W. K.. The Mastrtbrts f Qa r cntl ldu: G7 0l tnd 7102

N., T/rcAtlnini.vtration .l'Eglpt n the Old Kingdotrt( t ,ondon. 98-5) .i jb"luk"., HunrcutSkeletctl entcins'. bclaker,D.H., HuntanSkeletulRenrttins: .tcavution,Arrnlr .s i . i .nterDretat io i l Srni thsoniannst i tut ion ubl icat ion, {anuals n

Archaeology :Val loggia, BtLlt t t L( M Lt . \ t ( t l , ( tl r 'M r ' t l , , r r - t . lc . 2 vols. Cairo,

r9-52-78) .vols. l -eipzig,anueI tl 'ur


12/74

THE MASTABAOF NEDJET.EM.PET

THE TON{BOWNERAND HER FAMILYThe Tomb OwnerNAMESl- Ndt-m-pf 'Nedjet-en1-pet'.The namemay mean'agift from heaven' r 'onewho is protected rom heaven'.2 he samcname s describcd s rn.s


13/74

NEDJET_EM_PET

and Neith.l6 J[is, however, oesnot mean hat he motherdid not enjoy hesetitlesat the ime,bu t may ndicate n emphasis n thepositionof Mrrw-b.7's wife,who was a 'king'sdaughter f his body' andwho is regularlydepicted n front ofhim while hemother s behindhim.The Husband of Nedjet-em-pet

It hasbeensuggestedha tNit-m-pt, themotherof Mrru-ki./, waspossibly hesameas he wife of Mrw-kt.j of Grza.lTHad the nameof the latter'seldestsonsurvivedn his omb, t would havestrengtheneducha likely dentification.The Son of Nedjet-em-pet

Mrrw-kt.j tS'Mereruka'. he name s notpreservedmong he ew inscriptionssurviving n the tomb of Ndt-m'pt. However, incesheappears shis mothel nMrrw-kt.j's argenearbymastaba,lehekinship s safelyestablished.The Daughter of Nedjet-em-pet

Httt-R


14/74

NEDJET-EM-PET

been built during the reign of Teti, althoughsomewerepresumably ompletedunderPepy .25 Two mastabasying immedjatelyo the westof thatof NQt-m-ptshouldbe considered.The first belongs o Spsj-pru-Pth26ho, ike Mrrw-kt.j,27Kt-gm-n.j28 nd N/r-sim-Pth,2ewas married o a womanwith the designation fztt nswt nt futfo who might be a daughter r a descendantf king Teti. Spsj-pw-Pth probablybelongs o thereignof Teti.3l The secondmastaba, ated o the samereign, s that of the overseer f Upper Egypt Nj-ktw-lzzj32 who is probably hesame ndividualmentionedn the decree f Teti at Abydos.33Suggested ate:Reignof Teti,probably ate.

ilI ARCHITECTURAL FEATURESPls.36-38.

The tomb of Ndt-m-pf coversa largeareaand s composed f an entrancevestibule,an opencouft, a corridor or stairway o the roof and a small antechamberwhich leads o the offering chamber.Other hanblocksof limestone orming theentrance oorway, he alsedoorandelements f the alsedoorniche n theofferingchapel, he mastabas constructed f black mud brick incorporating mall stonesandpiecesof pottery. Theupperpart s missingandnothing emainsof the vaultedmud-brickceilingswhichpresumablyoofed herooms. Few of the nternalwallsarepreserved bove1.20m., o no heightsof walls, ceilingsor doorwayscan beprovided. The surfaceof the base ock on which the mastabas constructeds quiteuneven,and a fill of graveland sand o level the floor is visible n the offeringchamberand n the areasurroundinghemain shaft. Thebrick wall between oomsIII andV as well as he sidewalls of the main shaftextendapproximately75m.beneath hefloor level of themastaba.

The streets long he west and north walls wereboth extensively sed or laterburials and here s also evidenceof intrusiveshafts n the tomb itself. In the opencourt andcorridorareas re emains f wallsconstructed ith a mixtureof stone,undressed hunksof l imestone nd mud brick, most of which were probablyconnectedwith intrusiveshafts. The reconstruction f the original plan ishypothetical ut the exclusionof someshaftshasbeenbasedon several actors.Unlike the etainingwalls of the mainshaftwhich iseonly .20m.above he presentfloor level, the sidewalls of others n room III remain o a heightup to 1.00m.above he mastaba loor, and interruptaccess rom room I to room IV and theofferingchamber roomV) which suggest lateruseof the areawhen rubbleand25 Kanawatietal.,Saqqara , i0; Lloyd etal.,suqqAraTontbs, passirn.26 Quibcll - Hayter,Teti Nortlt,20-23; bcler-Raziq, ilcmges2,2l9l f.27 Duell,Mereruka, pls.21, 46, 51, 64,83, 96.28 vonB iss ing , em-n i - ka i, p l . 21 .29 Capart,Rue ie otnbeaux , pls.9l-93.30 Abder-RaziqMdlanges ,221 |-ig. ,221 l'ig. .3 l F o r a d a t c i n t h e m i d d l c o l ' D y n a s t y 6 o r l a t e r s c c P o r t e r - M o s s ,i b t i o g r a p h y ' 3 , - 5t 3 ; a e r ,

Rankand Tit le, l l U 68Al.32 The mastabaemains npublishcd. ccKanawati t al.,Saqqara1,8-9.33 Goedicke, c)nigl iche okuntente,3T-40,f ig.3;arnes, ierogl tpt t ic er t .g ,33,pl .31.

l 3


15/74

NEDJET_EM-PET

debrismayhave illed, at eastpartly, hecourtyard.Somebrick courses avealsointrudedon anddamaged he originalwalls, as has he rnouthof the shaftof /b /whichwascut underand nto theeastwall of room V. Five shafts l ignedE-Walong he southempartof themastabanaybe assumedo be contemporarywith theoriginalbui lding,as hey aredesigned ithin the structural al lsand apparentlyreached y an adjacentlight of stai rs o the roof.Like theeastwall of themastaba f Spsj-ptu-Pthn theopposite ideof the samestreet,34he west andnorth aEades f Ndt-nrpf 's tomb were decorated ith apanell ing f plaincompound ichcs.Constructedn brick, heyhavcan averagewidth of .45-.55m. nd a depthat the centralnicheo1' 25-.27n. Several f theniches etain ragments f a whitewashwhich covered coatof n-rud laster oundwith straw,and t is possiblehatboth aEade al ls eceivedhc same reatment.Five of these iches reclearlyvisibleon thewcstwall ancl hrceat thewestern ndof the northwall. In the ess vell preserved astern ar tof thenorthwall, againstwhich atershaftswereconstructed,an be distinguishedhe remains f two orthreeotherniches.Thedimensionsf themastaba'superstructurere I 1.75m. -S x 9.60m.E-W.Althougha section f the aEade orthof theentrance ti l l standso 2.35m., heoriginalheightof theexternalwallscannotbe determined. lie entranceo Ndt-rtt-pf s tomb, like many others n this part of the Teti cetnetery,was placedat thesouthern ndof the agade.Thewallson eithersidearedarnaged nd herefore olinesor measurementsf theentrance oorwaycanbe provided. However, oundduring he excavation f shaft8, which lies at the SW cornerof the mastabaus tsouthof the entrance, erepartsof a l imestone intel, 1.054m.wide x .16m.high,3-5nddrum, 40m.wide x.l35m. thick. Both are nscribedor Ndt-m-1ttandundoubtedly reelements f theentrance oorway.The doorway eads nto room I, a snall chamber .4Am.N-S x 2.50m.E-Wwhich apparently erved san entrance estibule.Al l walls received coatofbrownmudplasterwhichwasoverlaidwith a yellow af-el lastermixedwith strawand hengivena thin layer of creamywhitewash.The NW cornerof the roon isreasonably el l-preserved,tandingo a heightof 2.10m., nd hewestandnorthwallsretaina smallportionof scenes utlined n redpaint. At thesouthend of theeastwall is a doorway 50m.widex . 53m. hickwithin which arepreservedwosteps 15-.20m.n heightconstructed l brick ancl lastered. he doorway eads oa long, narrow corridor',room II, which extends o the externaleastwall of themastaba nd may originally havehoused tairs eading o the roof. It measures5.25m.E-W x 1.05m.N-S. Between he southwalls of rooms and I and he

external outhwall are ive square hafts, eparatedy wallsof mud brick, whichprobably ate o theoriginal onstruction.At theeastend of thenorthwall of room I a recess .00m.wide x.l5m. deepdefinesa doorway 65m.wide x .35m. hick,with fragments f painted ecorationpreserved n the west door thickness.The doorwayopens nto room III, a large

34 Quibell Haytcr,Teti35 At Giza the normalAttenclants,l5).North.20-23.maximumspanol 'a s inglcarchi t ravcs 1.20-1.50rn.Roth, Pct l r tce

l 4


16/74

NEDJET-EM-PET

areawhich was probablyan open court. Irregular n shape, t measures .60m.N-S on the westwall x 4.10m.on the eastwall x 6.75m.E-W on t he northwalland 5.25m.on the southwall. Thereare races f whiteplasteron the west,southandnorthwalls but no evidence f any decoration.Cut nto the loor of this court,contiguouswith the north wall, is the argemouthof a shaftgiving accesso theowner's uriaiapartment. wo srnaller hafts ut nto he ockare ocated n the SEpartof the cour-t, nd he remains f brick wallsstanding o nearlya metreabove hefloor suggestha t heremay havebeenother, ntmsive, urials.A narrowdoorwayat the eastern xtremityof the north wall of the court, 45m.wide x .60m. hick, s defined n t he northby a recess85m.wide x .15m.deep.The doorway eads o room V, a smallantechamberhich measures .05m.N-S x1.65m.E-W. The westand northwallsretainevidence f plasterand redpaintofthe dado. Two small falsedoors nscribed or an official named bj wereplacedadjacento eachotherat the southend of thewestwall, and an ntrusiveshaftcu tunderand nto the engthof the eastwall.From this antechamber ccesss gained o the offering chamber roomV) througha doorwayat the north endof the westwall. It is .57m.wide x .38m. hick and sdefinedon the westby a recess 85m.wide x .17m.deep. Both thicknessesetainsomeplasterandon thenorthsideare he remainsof a paintedscene.The offeringchambermeasures . 5m. E-W x 2.05m.N-S. Traces f plasterandpaint emainon the owerpartof the eastwall and ragments f two figuresand he dadoon thelargelydestroyed outhwall, while the betterpreserved orth wall retainsa goodportion of the paintedscenesn the two lower registers.Se t nto the westwall ofroom V is a large nscribedimestonealsedoor, 1.60m.wide and 2.62m.high,which has a cavettocorniceand hreepairsof jambs. The measurementsf thedoor are: upper intel L2lm. x .22m.;centralpanel .385m.squarewith side

aper tu resach .06m. ide , ower l in te l52m. . l 9m. ; d rum. l lm . x . l 0m. ; ou te rjambs 21m.x 1.96m.;middle ambs 16- .17m. l . l2m., inner jambs 20m.Ll5m.; centralniche 1.00m. .l lm. On eitherside s preserved ne course flarge imestone locks, 20m.wide and 455m.high, which formed he sidewallsof the falsedoorniche, ts floor havinga stone aving 0-.15m.high acrossheentirewidth. Placedon the stone loor in front of the falsedoor rs a htp offeringtable 98m.wide x .34m.deepx .225m.high n thewestern artand 26m.deepx.20m.high n theeastern art.

IV BURIAL APARTMENTSPls.4c,37, 38.

The mainshaft s cut nto he loor of theopencourt room II). In the SE sectionof the court two smallershaftswith burial apartments avebrick retainingwallsabove he floor level and may have been constructed t a later time when themastaba asno longeraccessible. therbrickwalls n thecourtmay belong o twoothershaftswhich haveno burialchamber ndprobablywereeitherunfinished rnot very deep. Anotherburial apartments in room IV along he eastwall. Fiveverticalshafts,wo with burial apartments,resituated etween hesouthwallsofrooms and I and hesouthwall of the mastaba.Separated bove he rock levelby

t - )


17/74

NEDJET-EM-PET

walls built of brick, thesemay have beenpart of the original constructionwithaccess robably rom the roof. It is suspectedhat he areabetweenhe westwallsof rooms II andV and he west aqadewall may ncludeothershafts.No attemptwas made o clear this areabelow a height of approximately1.00m.above hemastabaloor as suchexcavationsouldhaveunderminedhe arse alsedoor andthe fragilewest and norlhwalls of the courl.

From the burial apartment f Nflt-m-pf were recoveredars, ar standsand bowlsof pottery,numerousmodel arsanddishes f limestone, swell as severaltemsofalabaster ndcopper. Threepotswere recovered rom the shaft I I in room IV (seeBurial of Ibi) but noneof the othernineshafts ieldedany finds.I . Unlike most of the burial apartmentsn the Teti cemeterywhich were accessedfrom theroof of themastaba,he shaft eading o the burial apaftment f Ndt-m-pf is located n an opencourlyardwithin the mastaba.The mouthof the shaft,which occupies good portionof the floor areaof room III, measures .15m.N-S x 2.25m.E-W. As the bedrocksurface ere alls considerably elow the

floor level of themastaba,he uppermost artof the shafthas etainingwalls,ca.10-75m.high, constructed f mud bdsft.36The wallsof the shaftcut throughthe rock becomenanowerand wist slightly as hey descend ertically o a depthof 14.60m. At the shaft loor the walls measure .65m.on the north, 1.85m.on the eastand 1.30m. n thesouth.The entirewestwall anda goodportionofthe north and southwalls are cut away o providean opening2.45m.wide x2.25m.highwhich enabled largesarcophaguso be manipulatednto positionin theburialchamber.This chambers not cu t at right angles o the shaftor tothe mastaba ut s closelyaligned o the Saqqara rid North. The ceiling, loorandwestwalls arequiteevenlycut,althoughnot smoothed,while the north andsouthwalls have ough surfaces.The burial apartmentmeasures .50m.N-Son the eastside and4.65m.at the west wall x 3.75m.E-W on the north walland 3.20m.on the southwall x2.25m.high. A recess r ledgealong he ulllengthof the westwall has a si l l heightof 1.40m., depthof .l lm. and aheightof .80m.37Placed n front of, and alignedwith, the west wall is a massive imestonesarcophagus,ts head end lying just beneath he false door in the offeringchamber roomV). The chestmeasures xternally .94m. ong x 1.35m.wideat the top and 1.39m.wide at the bottomx 1.20m. igh. The sidewalls areapproximately28m. hick, and he nternalmeasurementsre 2.25m.long x.75m.widex .80m.high. The id, sti l l n place,s 3.20m. ong x 1.38m.widex .45m. hick. The exteriorof the sarcophagus,easonablywell cut but notsmoothed, asno decoration.The nteriorwalls arewell finishedand a singlehorizontal ine of text between wo register ines s inscribed n the headandtwo sidewalls. Outlined n blackpaint, he signsweregivena coat of creamwashbut detailswere neithercarvednor painted.Near heheadendon the east

In shafisat Gizawallsconstructed bove hc bedrock regenerally f stonc, nd arclyol'mudbr ick ibid,18).It has beensuggestedha ta similarrecess n thc burial charnber f ,nb-nt-r-Hr servcdas ashelfon which to rest he i d until thc sarcophagus as eady o bc scalcd Firth- Gunn, 'etlPyr. Cent. . 16).

3 63 7

l 6


18/74

2 .

3 .

NEDJET-EM-PET

sideof the chesta breakmadebv robbers as naximummeAsllrementsf .70m.x .40m.Contiguous ith theeastwall of themouthof shaft andwith henorthwall ofroom I I is a shaf i1 .15m. q l rare. he br ickwal lsa long he eastandsor ,r thsides emaincd o a heightof approximatelv.00rn.ancl hc shafidoesnotextend clow hepresentloor level.Shaft3 is cut nto hecourtyardloorcl irectly, i . ol t lrat elongingo Nit-nt-pt.It hasa mouth 92n. E-W x 1.00m. -S anda depth f 5.00ni. At the looro1'the shaftan opening n thc southwall , .9-5nr. iclex .95n. high, eaclso aburialareamcasuring95m.E-W x 2.05nr. -S x .9-5nr.igh. The loorol ' theburialchamber asbrokcn hrough hc cci l ingol 'thcburialchambcr f shaft lwhich ies rnmediatelyelow.A largerverticalshaft n theSE cornerof thecourtwith a rnouthLzl-5nr.quarcdescendshror-rghock o a dcpthof-5.9-5m.hcrcan opcning n thewestwalll .45rn.wide x l . lOrn. high cads o an rrcgularly hapcd r-rr ialhanrbcr. tmeasures.35n-r. -S on theeastwall and2.40m.on the westwall x l .90nr.E-W on thesouthwall and 1.60m. n the northwall . The cei l ing,now with abreakopeningnto heburialchamber f shafi3, hasa sl ightdownward lopcfrorn heentranceo givea height l ' 1.00m. long hewestwall .The eastern ar tof thenorthwall of the court appearso havebeen argclycu taway n theproccss f constructinghaft 5.The brick wallsof theshafi, t i l lstandingo a heightof jr-rst ver 1.00rn., urround mouth.80m.square ndthere s no evidence 1cLrtting eneathhe 'loor evel nto hebase ock.Oneof fivc shafis l igned -W rvhich recontiguous ith hesouthwall of thernastaba,haft6 at thc SE, ornerappeafso havebeen efi very incornplctc. thasa mouth 1.25m. -W x l .30n i .N-S anda depthof 1.80m. Uncut ock.30rn.wide x l .-50rn. igh remains long he northwall , andvarious evelsol-cuttingareevident n a section f rock .4-5m. ide along heeastwall.Directlywcst of shaft6, shaft7 hasa mouth 1.0-5m.quare nd a dcpthof2.05m. In the northwall an opening 95rn.wide hasa cei l ingcut at a sharpanglewhich slopes rom a heightof 1.05m. o .8-5rn.This entrance ivesaccesso an rregularly hapcd urialareameasllring95n'r. -W at the entranccand 60m.at thenorthwall x l .90rn.N-S,with a cei l ingsloping ownward o.70m.at thenorthwall.Shafi8 hasa mouth1.30m. quare nda tnaxirnum epth f 1.65m.Theshaftfloor hassevelal evelsand hecuttingappcars nllnished.At thebottorn f theshaft were preservedhc lower four courses l ' an oval, domcd strl lctl l reconstructedf mud brick. It hasa maximum enethof 1.00m. ndpossiblvhoused contractedurial.

4 .

9. Also unfinished, haft hats rnouth .30rn.square nd a depthof 1.4-5m.Remaining long he easternd artof the southwalls,a tr iangular cction funcut ockhasa hcishtof 1.35m.. ot ar below he irstcourse f brickwork.

5 .

6.

t 1


19/74

10 .

[ .

NEDJET-EM-PET

In the SW cornerof the mastaba, butting he faqadewall, is a shaftwith amouth 1.20m.E-W x 1.30m.N-S which s cut into the rock to a depthof2.60m. At the floor of the shaftuncut rock along the eastand south sidesremains o a heightof .50m. An opening n the west wall L30m. wide x.90m.high eads o a burialerrea hichnteasufes .7-5m.-S x .85m.E-W x.90m.h igh.SeeBurialof Ibi.

V SCENES AND INSCRIPTIONSThe wallsof thechapelwereconstructed1-nudbrick. Rooms , [V andV werepllsteredandclecoratedith scenes nd nscriptions xecutedn painting. Bothblasterand decoration re very similar to thoseof Mtti now in the Louvremuseum.3S thick layerof plaster ormedof mud and strawwas coveredwitrr alayer,a I'ewmillimetres hick,of yellowishargil mixedwith sandand some ine,smeill ieces f vegetablelbre. This was hencoatedwith a thin, smooth reamy-whitewash,on whichpainted ce eswereexecuted.Most of theupperpartsof thewllls havedisappearedndonly n thc owcrregisters f certain ections rescenespreserved. he areawas atercoveredwith an accumulationf sandanddebrisabovewhicha layer approximately50cm. igh)of clean, ery compact ravelwaslaicl o providea siahle oundationor a New Kingdom ombbuil t of rnudbrickwalls with a pavement ndsomearchitecturatllements f stone,mostof whichhavenow diiappearecl. he pressure f weighton the survivingOld Kingdomwalls is evident n someareaswhere he mud brick has yielded and certainhorizontal egisters ow havea wavy,undulating ppearance. he entranceintel,the entrancelru* ancl he falsedoor n thc off-ering hamber reeach ormedof one

limestone lock decorated ith incisedhieroglyphs nd figures,with l imitedmodellingandcletails.The EntrancePls.3tt,3b,39u,39b.The Lintel: jmtlut rn nnjt jmntjt fur npu Ndt-tn-pt n ... ' thehonoured ne nthe western esert, eforeAnubis,Nedjet-em-pet,herbeautiful]name' .''.TheDrum: Two linesof inscriptionsead: 1) mr(t)-ntr .. l tm(t)-ntrNt wpt Turut(2) . . .wsj r Ndt-n t-p t n.s nf r Tj t ' ( l ) . . . the pr iestessf . . . , he pr iestessfNeith,op"n"t of theways 2) .. .Osiris,Nedjet-em-pet,erbeautiful ame, it ' .Room IPls.3c, 39c,39d,39e.

Thedecorationn this oom s executedn redoutlineonly and s now verypoorlypreserved.On the northwall are he remains f the wo lowerregisters epicting38 Zieg.ler, atalogue,esstiles,32-36,123--5.

l 8


20/74

NEDJET-EM-PET

herdsmeneadingoxen n an animalprocession. oth hewestwall and westdoorthicknesso room II retain ragmentary ccncs f ofl'cring earers, lsooutlined nred.Room VTHE DOORWAY

Only thenorthernhicknessetains artof i ts original ecoration.n eachol-thctwo lower registers rc two incompletely reservcd fl 'cring earers roceedingtowards he nsideof theroom(no acsirnile).THE FALSE DOORPls.5, 40.

Set nto a recessn the westwall is a monoli thic imestone oor with a torusmouldingand surmounted y a cavetto ornice. It waspainted ed to simulategraniteand the figuresand nscriptionsetainsomeblue paint. However, hecoloursaremuchbetter reservedn the owerpartof thedoor.The UpperLintel: At the eft s a ligureof theownerholdinga lotus lower close oher nosewhilc sitting on a chair with lion's egs. In fi'ont of the figure are twohorizontal l-2) and wo vertical 3-4) inesol 'hieroglyphs hich ead: ) |ttp djnswt htp lrtpzu nt j zl.t-ntr mj zut pj tlru.fnb t: t-lsr rs.tj.sm ltrt-n[r (2 ) htTt ljnsu,t tpdj Wsjr untjDdru rt-furru.smbrt rru r


21/74

NEDJET-EM_PET

T'heJambs: Each of the three ambs contains wo vertical lines of hieroglyphs andends with a standing igure of the tomb owner holding a lotus f lower to ir i r nose.The inscriptionson eachof the coresponding right ancl eft.jambsare dentical.TheOuter ambs: l) .l.ttpi Wsjrsim.tj.sJrwnutdsrku)tppt jnullzut r.sn spt


22/74

NEDJET-EM-PET

birds. Many bearers lsocarry n their hands, r hanging rom thecrooksof theirarms,bagsof food, orelegs f oxen,vegetablesr lotus lowers.The arrtist'suidelines, rawn n red,havesurvivcdwell in the sectiondepictingthe offeringbearers.Sevenhorizontal incsweredrawn,marking he positionsofthe crown of the head, he hairl ineof the lorchead, he oin of the ncck andshoulders,he armpits, he elbows, he wristsand he ower cLlrve f the buttocks,and he knees.One axialvertical inepassinghrough heeardivides he body ntotwo parts.42While thehorizontaline extenclheentire engthof the register,husfixing an equalheight o al l otfbringbearels,Jlheveltical inesarepositioned tdifferent ntervalsdepending n the spacc equired or illustratingeachofl'eringbearerand he temshe carries.A l ineo f tex t runs the leng tho fhewa l l bove thebo t tomreg is te r .t r eads :. . sm njuwts nt Trnthtu ...wpt rnpt m pfiutj t m tpj rnpt rn Wtg m lfu Zkr m hbRkh m wt dt n jm'firut lr nl r ,t jmtbrutfur npw tpj dzu.fNdt-m-pt r[n].s nfr f jt' ... her ... and her townsof the North ...,at thc opening f the year east,at the

Thot feast, t the irst of theyear east, t theWag-l-east,t the eastof Sokarandatthe f-east f the burning, n the extentof eternity or the honoured nebefore hegreatgod, he honoured nebeforeAnubis,who is on his hill, Nedjet-em-pet, erbeautifulname.Tit'.Fragments ecoveredrom the debriswhich filled room V show the headof erwomanwearinga flllet andstreamer ndat east hree ertical inesof hieroglyphs,eachendingwith rn.s nfr Zizit 'her beautifulname,Seshseshet'.t hasbeensuggestedbove hat hismighthavebeena represcntationf Nf,t-nt-pt's aughter-in-law, hewife of Mrru-k1.7, ut whether he ragments elongedo thenorthwallor to the opposite outhwall is unknown.

THE SOUTH WALLOnly the feet o1'twoofferingbearersdadoarenow preserved. he restofthe

The SarcophagusPls.8, 43.

in the bottom registerand the remains of awall and its scenes ave disappeared.

Found n sittt n theburial chamber f the mainshaft, he argesarcophagus1Nf,t-m-pt was cut fiom two blocksof limestone, ne or the chestand another orthe id . Both blocksare easonably ell cut,butneithcr moothed or nscribed nthe outside.The nsidesurfaces rebetter inishedandare nscribedwith a line ofhieroglyphsn black nk only on eachof sides (east), (west)and 3 (north).There s evidencehat he nitial nscriptions erecorrected, lso n black nk , butthere s no reason o believe hat the sarcophagushanged wnership. Such12 For the stucly f thcscguidel incs cc Iversen,Conon ond Proprtr t ions, ' / l I , Robins,

P oportion and Stye, 64|l'.43 Th e present pparent ilf 'crcncen thc hcightof certain 'igures n this wall was causcd y thcprcssure f theaccuntulatedand nddebris swcll as h ewcightol-latcr uildings.

2 l


23/74

NEDJET_EM_PE'I

corectionscanbe seenn the repetition f thesign , in nsut, the replacement fthe suffix .r fwith that of .s n !p[fl.s on side 2 and n the re-writing of the sign f injmtfurut n side3. In all threecaseshe originalsignsareslightly ighter n colourthan the rest of the nscriptionswhich appear o havebeen nked a second ime,perhapsn thecourse fchecking ndcornecting.Ancient ombrobbersgainedentry o the sarcophagusy breaking hrough he topof the northernend of side 1,aa hich damaged he inscriptions n this section.However,other hansmallareas resumably rushed uring heprocess f cuttingthrough he stone, he text can be completely econstructed ith fiagments rom themissingsectionound among he rubble n theburialchamber.No facsimileof theinscriptionsnside he sarcophagusas easible, ut a handcopy of the textswasproduced.

Side 1 l.ttpdj nswt futttj h-ntr mj wt tpj dru.f tb t ds r qrs.tj.sm hrt-ntr jmtfowtfurnl r g Tjtj rn.s


24/74

NEDJET-EM-PET

Dado: Redbandabove ellow,separatedy black ine,black o f'loor.Banded rreze: Blocksof red,brightblue andwhite separatedy tri-partiteblocksof black-white-black.Register ndcolumn ines: Black.Skinof male igures: Cleiuochre edwith darker edoutline.Skin of f'emaleigures: Yellow.Hair: Black.Eyes: Brow, eyeoutlineand ris black.Kilts anddresses:White with red outline.Jewellery:Traces f blueon tombowner's nklcts.Footrest:White.Stands/tablesor off-erings:Onewhite;oneshowsblackwoodgrainmarking.Flat woven rays: Whitewith reddiagonalines.Woven baskets:Two of the five baskets arriedover the crook of an arm retainmostof theircolourandexhibita varietyof weavesn the six bandsof eachbasket.That n theupper egister:fiom top) red;bhrewith blackdots;whitewith red hatching; luewith blackhatching;ed with white hatching; lucwith blackdots;outl ineand ropchandleblack. That at r ight in bottomregister: f i 'om op) red; white with red diagonal ines;white (blackdotsrnissing?); hiteu'i th reddiagonalines;whitewith blackdots;whitewithreddiagonalincs;outlineand opcblack.Containers ith fruit?: Carried y sixthman iom right n lower register, ontainerwhite outl ined n black; arge iuit yel lowwith sn-ral lerlue ruit (circles)above.both or:tlined n recl.Containerwith lotus op: Middle of lower register,white ground;basespotted nblack;upperpartwith blackhorizontalinesand ed vertical ines; lower ontop blue;all outlined n black.Tall ars: One ed with black op;onebluewith blackspots.Jar: White with blackdetailandoutline.Jarcarried vercrookof arm: White with black inesandblack ope.Lotus: Stem ed, lower blue.Papyrus: Upperpartnow whitewith red outlineand detail; owerportion(belowhand) edwith black inesandoutline.Onions: Stems ndbulbswhiteoutlinedn red"Foreleg:Haunch ed, eg orange-redoncwhitc)with spotted lackmarkings, oofyel low.Calf: White with blackmeu'kings,olletr r,rtlinedn black.Antelope?:Paleorange-red.Calfs headon treiy:Yellow.Trussed uckon tray: Yellow.

Geese:At r ight in upper egister, cl low/brown ody outl ined n rcd with blueshading ear ai l ; blackmarkings n brcast;wing andwing tips blue; ai lf'eathers ark red with bluemarkingsand black outline;bcak rcd; red egswith dark red diagonalmarkings. n pi ledoffbrings pper egister nd nlowerregister, luebody, cd head;wing and ail tips redwith red andblackmarkings; newith black -eet.Loaves: -loaf el low;squarishoal 'whitewithyel lowspots;ound oafwhitewithblackspots.Fruit?: carriedby two offeringbearers n woven lat tray - white with blr"re pots.Vegetable?:op no colour, tembands [ yellowandwhitewith blackoutline.

L- )


25/74

NEDJET-E,M-PET

Hierog lyPhic s ignsTracesof bluepaint emain n several f thehieroglyphsncisedon the entrancel;,";..,'[;, i;;, u,'1.,- , and t mav be pl:t"l* thatal l werepainted hesamecolour. The falsedoorwaspainted-red ith al l the figure^snd nscriptionsretaining races f biuecolour. Af l signs istedbelowatreecordedn the offeringchamber room vl ; ifr" vastmajorit/are foundon the northwall and a few arepi"r"i".O on paintedplaster_rigments recoveredrom the debris n that room'Most of the hierogiypil,on the n"orth al l to the ef t of the tomb owner's eetarenow white with red fr black outline,and t is likely thatmostof the signsweregivena whiteundercoateforeapplying olour'

Po lychromeA20 ti f Flesh ellow;kilt whire;staffyellow;outlinedn redDl fJ Face ecl; ai randdetails lackD39 tr..tr Arm red; ?ltPotblue

White groundwith redrib detailandoutlineWhite groundwith redrib detailandoutlineFacewhi tewi threddeta i lonforehead;wings ' ta i land legsyel low;breast nc l ockswhitewith blackdots;outlinedn redYellow with detailseyeandoutlineblack;beakand egs edYellowwith blackhorns, yeandoutlineLight yellowwith finereddotsandoutlineabovewo blackhorizontallinesBlue,outlinedn red or underblue?Boothwhitewith postbases nd ope ashing lack;centre upport edTop yellowwith blacksurround; ottomwhiteon blackbase

R8 'l Yellowwith black ashing n owerhalfof poleV4 I i Tie white,centre f rope ed 'endblueW3

',t"/'/ Yellow (onewhitc) with cliagonaled ines;blackoutlineWl2 !l Whitewith reddetails ndoutlineY2r t ' )sd rP i rpyrusro l lwh i tew i th redde ta i l 'ou t l i ned inb lack ;sea lb lue

F39F40Grl

nq,At,,,1l.

G43 \].Ig x.':==N26 Lj

N37 E--o22 li"jro32 :' L

RedD2l 's2e ll

D36r r 1 1 lU - 1 - 1 l l

D46Aa2l I

F35 o29 o34

24


26/74

Yel lowuo ='lWhite it is very ikely hatall theseMrr i u| ., '1, ' v28

NEDJET-EM-PET

signs riginallyweregreen? v:r \- ^ Aa f)

Greenv30 '- -7Blue all outlinedn blackN l N l7 ' - : ' - U36 w24 0 XI

BlackE15 lta, N35 M

VI I HUMAN REMAINSPls.8ct,9.

Human emainswere ound n the sarcophagusf Ndt-m-pt. The wrappings rebadlydecayedwith a charred ppearance,oft issues recompletely ackingandthere s no evidence hat he body was mummified. The boneswere ound oosebut lay extended n the back n the correctanatomical osition. The skeleton s thatof a female, he long bones ndicating personof between149cm. 4 feet l0inches)and 153cm. 5 feet) n height.aTThe skul l and skeleton re small andgracile, hemuscleattachment cars reall smalland heskull architectures smoothwith sharpedgeson the orbits. The pelvis s unambiguously ynaecoidn shapeand proportions,he angleof the sciaticnotch s wide, the obturator oramen ssmallandmoreangularhan ound n shape nd hepreauricularulcuss wide anddeep.

The individual s likely to havebeenover fifty yearsof age at death. There sextremedentalattrition,and 1007o f theocclusal urfaces f all remaining eethareworn down to the dentine. When the molar eethare comparedo Brothwell'sa8chart or ageclassification,hey all into he45+ agegroup. According o Todd's4e10 agephases f the pubic symphysishisspecimens a phase10,which ndicatesan age of 50+. The cranialsutures avealmostcompletely isappearedcto-cranially.Thecoronialsutures only faintlyvisible or approximately cm. on thetemples, he sagittal llture s almost otallyobliterated, ith a faint remaindern11 Staturc alculations cremadc iom thc rnoditled rotteran dGlcserTablc n Krogrnan Iscan,

The Hunan Skeleton,308.48 Bass,HunrunO.steoktgt',239,'ig. 15 319 Krcrgman Iscan,The HumunSkeleton,5l .

!t*i l

25


27/74

NEDJET-EM_PET

places; he amboidalsuture s us t faintly visitrleover approximately 0Voof itslength. The conditionof the sutureswould indicatea personof middle to advancedage.50 However,because f theunreliabilityof ageing rom cranialsutures,hismethodwasnoted utnotrel ied pon.5lAs statedabove there is severedental attrition, in addition to other dentalproblems.Beginningwith themaxilla, he eft first incisor tooth2.1) s chipped,and he eft canine tooth2.3) s worn down to thegum evel with the canalexposedanda periapical bscessbove t that opensnto thepalatalside. Tooth 2.5 s us tholding n place,as a resultof a largeabscess bove ooth 2.6 which has erodedthrough he maxillaon thepalatalsideandemerges bove ooth2.l on the buccalside. Teeth2.6 and2.J havebothbeen ost ante-mortem.On the right sideof themaxilla, eeth . I and 1.2 arebothworn down o thecanal,which hasbeen esealedby secondary rowth. Tooth 1.3 s chipped,hecanalof tooth 1.4 s exposedo theextent hat he ooth s almosthollow, and here s a smallabscess eginning t theapexof the ooth.Teeth1.6,1.1 nd1.8are,tl lwornalmosto thegum evel.On the mandible, oth first ncisors 3.1and4.1) aremissing, he root canalshave resealed nd someresorptionof alveolarbonehas takenplace, eaving asmoothsurface.Thus he alveolar one s very hin in thisarea.Tooth 3.6 hasanabscess elow it, and teeth 3.7 and 3.8 appear o have been ost ante-mortemthough he conditionof the bonemakes t difflcult to tell. There appearso beperiodontaldisease,with the boneretreating rom the roots of the molar teeth.Tooth4.8 s worn o thegum evelandhasa heavybuild-upof calculus.Thereareslightarthriticchangesn the cervicalspine,mostpronounced n C5and6. Arthriticdegenerations nuch more n evidencen the horacic pine,withlippingandosteophytic rowthon nearlyall of thernargins.T7 is slightlywedged

to the anteriormarginandT8 and 9 are usedby osteophytic rowthon the anteriorlongitudinal igament ha t is beginning o continueonto T 10. There are largeosteophytesn L 3, 4 and5. Somearthritic hange adbegun n the acetabulum.The pelvis, ike all of theotherbonesn theskeleton,s extremelyight,giving heimpression f osteoporosis. here s a fracture n the right pubisapproximately3cm. rom thepubicsymphysis,hatwasbeginningo healat timeof death.Thereis a crack approximately crn. ong) on the shaftof theright femur us t inferior othe greater rochanter.This alsoappearedo be healingat time of death. It isprobablehat his s a womanof advancedearswho hada fall andbrokeherpelvisandhip, henpossibly ied iom hypostatic ncumonia ue o being mmobilised.s2In summary he skeletons thatof a f-emale f advanced ears at eastover 50)who had a little arthritis n the neck,back andhip, which would have esulted nsome ossof mobility in these reas, nd some airly serious entalproblems, hat

so Ibid. I lo-23.5l For a cl iscussion1-the nrcl iabi l i ty f ageing 'rc lm uture losurcs eeUbclakcr ,HuntanSkeletctlRenroins,59-60.52 This was a common esult f a broken ip or pelvis n peoplc l ' advanced carsunt i l vcryrccent i rncs when surgcons cgan o pin broken bones hus prevent ing hc need ir rimmobi l ist r t ion.

26


28/74

NEDJET.EM-PET

TABLE 1. SKULL MEASUREMENTSOF NDT-M-PTl. Glabello-occipitalength2. Nasio-occipitalength3. Basion-nasionength4. Basion-bregmaeight5. Maximumcranialbreadth6. Maximum rontalbreadth1 Biauricular readth8. Biasterionic readth9. Basion-prosthionengthI 0. Nasion-prosthioneightI l. Nasalheight12. Orbitheight, ightI 3. Orbit breadth, ight14 . Brjugal readthI 5. Nasalbreadth

16. Palate readth17. Bimaxillarybreadth18. Zygomaxillary ubtense19. Bifrontalbreadth20. Nasio-frontal ubtense21 Biorbitalbreadth22. Interorbital readth23. Cheek eisht

l69mm.16894t36134t t41161058862453539IOl256492e*2591t99 l2 lI924. Frontal Nasion-bregma)hord 11325. Frontal ubtense 2626. Parretalbregma-lambda)hord 113

27. Partetal ubtense 2628. Occipital Lambda-opisthion)hord 10529. Occipital ubtense 26* e denotcs stimatc,wherc he bone s cracked r damagedbut still accuratelv easurablco thc ncarcstmm .

TABLE . LONGBOAIEMEASUREMENTSF NDT-M-PTRightHumerus engthRight HumerusheaddiameterLeft Ulna engthLeft Radius engthRightFemur engthheaddiametermidshaftdiameter,Medio-lateralmidshaftdiameter,AnteriorposteriorLeft Femur engthmidshaftdiameter.Medio-lateralmidshaftdiameter,AnteriorposteriorRight Tibia lengthLeft Tibia ength

217mm.392392 t l39540z-)24395z_)24321321

21


29/74

NEDJET-EM-PET

may well haveeventuallyed to septicaemia. heprobablydied rom complicationsresulting rom a fall and a brokenhip andpelvis,or from septicaemia.

VIII FINDSAll of the findsrecorded elowwere ecoveredrom the burialchamber f Ndf-m-pt excepthe hree temsdesignated NE94:l2l which were bund n clearing heshaft. These ars probablydate o the First Intermediate eriodor early MiddleKingdom; he other inds may be ascribedo the ateOld Kingdom.

TNE94:102. PIs.10 .44 .Large ovoid storagear , with a slightly laring neckand external riangular im;body aperingo a pointed ase.Remains f a plaster ea lon the shoulder.Wheel-made. The ar was ull of lumpsof darkclay. Complete.H 29.5cm. W l5.0cm.D rim 7.0cm.TNE94:103.Pl. 10.Largestoragear, similar ype o TNE94:102, ith traces f plaster eal ing nshoulder.Probablywheelmade, overedn a light beigewash. The ar was ull ofa fine-texturedight brown substance.Complete.H 32.8cm. W 1-5.8cm.D rim8 .5cm.TNE94:101. Pls.10 .14 .Largestoragear , similar o TNE94:102 Lrtwith a morebevelled im. Traces fplaster eal ingon shoulder.The ar was ful l of a dark substance.Complete.H 31.2cm.W l7 .5cm.D r im 8.8cm.TNE94:105.Pl . 10.Largestoragear , same ype asTNE94:102. Remnants f white plastersealingon shoulder ndexterior urface oatedvitha lightgreenish-greyelf-slip.The arwas filled with a dark substance.Wheelmade f marl clay close to Marl 43.Missing heneckand im. H 30.6cm.W l7.2cm.TNE94:106. Pls. 10,11 .Jar standwith rol l r im and thickened ase,concavo-convex alls. Incisedhorizontal ine around he stand. Matt l ight grey wash(5YR l11) on surface.Crudelywheelmade nd also built by hand; inger mpressions isible on body.Close o Nile si l t 82. Chipped dges ut otherwise omplete.H 19.lcm. D riml4.8cm.D base 3.6cm.TNE94:107.Pls.10,44.Fragmentary quatar stand,wider at thc top than he bottom. Convexsidesandthickened im. Light grey wash 5YR 7ll) on exterior. Wheelmade f Nile silt.H 9.8cm.D r im l7.0cm.D base 5.0cm.TNE94:108. Pls. I 1, 44.Tall ar stand, traight ides,with a plain laring im. Light reddish-brown5YR614) o reddish-brown ash 5YR 514) n exteriorsurface nd some eachingalsovisible. The stand s wheelmade,nd hen wistedandstretched y handwhen he

2 8


30/74

NEDJET-EM-PET

clay was wet to lengthenhe object,as stretch'marksarevisible n the nterioralong with finger i i-rpressionsn surface. Nile si l t 82. Broken at one end'H l4.6cm.D r im l2.5cm.TNE94:109.Pl. l0'

n*g-"nt of a ar standwith concave alls, ol l rim at oneendandplain im at heotherl Probablywheeln-radef Nile silt' H 14'5cm'TNE94: 10. Pls- 1, 41.S'ral l bowl, with a wicle lat basc, onvexsides ndslightly lattened, l ightlyevertecl im. Nlatt redcl ish-brown ash (5YR 5/4) on interior anclexterior'wheelmade, aseunevcnly nife-cut ni lcxterior rimmecl i th a knif 'e. coarseNile si l t B2 bordering n " Xit" si l tC. Cornpletc.H -5.5cm'W l0'3crn' D rinrl0 . lcm. D basc .2crn.TNE94 :111 . l s .11 ,14 .Small f laringbowl, with an uneven lat baseandplain rim. weak red wash(2.5YR5/4)on exterior nclnterior urlace.Wheelmadef Nilc si l tc, with string-cut base. Missinga fragment rom the rim, but otherwise omplete' H 5'2cm'D rim 9.4cm.D base .0cm.TNE9l :112.Pl . l l -one sideof a mother l 'pearl ivalve hell ' lmost omplete' I l 5cm' W max'L2cm.TNE94: 13. Pl. I I .Model arsof limestone tnd alcite,manycomplele:A. Two ovoicl imestonears with flat-toppecledge ims, la t bases, nd remnant

unoierced andles n one sicle. Jai-dri l led

inside o elbout /3 of height'H 7.5crn.D rim max.4.0cm' D base 'Ocm'B. Ten ovoicl imestonears with flat-toppededge ims and flat bascs' Jatrsdri l leclnside o about 14of height'H -5'0-7'5cm'C. Ten imestonears,almost yl inlr ical n shape utwirh sl ightly onvex.sidcs'Flat-toppedeclge'r ims.ndcl iscbases.Jaisclr i l led nside o about l4 ofheight.H crr.8.0cm.D. Two calciteor gypsumneckedarswith llaring lat-toppedimsand la t bases'Jars ri l led nsi"de'tolmost l2 of height.H 4.7 ancl .7cm.E. Two flaringstraight-sidedupsof finebasalt ndquartz,with flat r ims andbases.53H Uasati up 2.7cn-r'H cluartz r-rp '0crn'F. Sixty-five mall irne.stoneishes; ri l l marks

isibleon interior' D rim 4'l-6 .2cm.

TNE94:11 . (nor llustratetl)Srnal lqu"ni i tyof cobaltblucpigntcnt, ow hardenedntoa mass n thebrokenbase 1'a essel earing redsl ippeclurfacc'L 6'-5cm'W 5'5cm'

53 For cxarnplcs l 's imi lar ups ccFir th Gunn' l -et iPt ' tneler ,P| .69: 037.

2L)

Ccm.2 , l . l 5A : Va l logg ia . edou-


31/74

NEDJET-EM_PET

TNE94: 15. Pl. l l .Copperarsand iergments:A. Slender oncavo-convexohi pot andstick nside,with applied idgearoundneck. Pot illed with a pink substance. asenow hollow with traces f whitesubstance.Probably ore-formed.Goodstateof preservation.H l0.0cm.W 2.4crn.D rim 2.3cm.D base .Ocm.B . Onehole-mouthedar with high shoulders nda flat base. nterior s ined witha layerof plaster.Core-formed.Broken. H 6.6cm. W 4.0cm. D rim L2crn.D base .9cm.C. Numerousragments f copper essels,ncluding ases,ims andneckpieces,foundscatteredn theburialchamber.TNE94:2 L Pl . 11.A. Large taperingovoid bottlewith a shortverticalneck, hickcned im andpointed base.54Worn matt red wash(2.-5YR i6) on cxterior. Roughlywheelmade ndprobably lsopartial lyhand-buil t f Ni le si l t C. Cornplete

exceptor smallchipson rim. [I 24.]cm. W I l .3cm. D rim -5.Ocm.B. Large apering ottleof the same ype anclwareasTNE94: 2l A. Missingfiagment rom neck. H 24.9cm.W 10.8cm.D rim 4.8cm.C. Large apering ottle f thesameypeandwareasTNE94: 21A.Missing her im andneck.H 22.8cm.W 1 l .4cm.

54 Quibell ound argerbut cornparablc xamplcs uringworkPer iod/ear ly iddlc Kingdom ombsat Saqqarao which(Excavations t Saqqu'a2. pl. 39:l, 3, 4).on a ser ies l 'F i rst ntermcdiatethc presentvesselsar c rclated

30


32/74

3-4-

THE BURIAL OF IBII THE TOMB OWNER

NAM EIblssrot'.TITLESl- jnj-r jp t nswt 'overseerof theroyalharep'.-562- jr j nfr l .ut'keeper f the headdress'.The tit le is usual lyassocia ted i thattendancen thekins.-57f t - l th ' lector r iest ' .smr zuctisolecomDanion'.

II DATING OI' ItsIAlthoughlbj set wo falsedoors nto the westwall of room V of Ndt-m-at'schapel, heir elationship,f anyexisted,s not known. The position f the alsedoors,at floor levelof theroom,maysuggestha t hechapel f Ndt-nt-p;/wasstillperfectlycfearand accessible.The shapeof lbj's falsedoors s common n thecemetery,-58nd here s no ustificationn clating ll suchexampleso theendof theOld Kingdomor later.-5ehe nscribeclramearound he northern oorand he T-shaped anelof bothdoorsare ound n the falsedoorof ppjj-etdj.60rnostprobably

flntj-k\.j's son,clated_tohe eigno1'Pepy.6 l It is interestingha t he unuiual ongpleated ilt worn bV bjon the southernalsedoor s attestedn the ombof ldw otGiza,also dated o the reignof Pepy1.r,2 t remainsuncertainwhether he burialapartment ut into the floor of this room opposite he falsecloorswas associatedwith Ib i or is ntrusive ndof a slightly aterdate.Suggestedate: Reignof Pepy , or later.

-5 Ranke,Personennctmen,20:10.:6 Fo r a stucly | this itlc seeJuuker.Gizu I, l2zl;vol. ll . l2l-2r).57 See bid 10, I t l; Helck,Beomtentitel, 2.-58 See br cxample, i r th Gunn,Tet i pyr .Cetr t . ,2, assir r ;Kanawat ipass im.59 As cloes trudwick,EA 13 ( lg} i ) ,21j .6o Jnmes,Khentikct, l. 42 .6l Strudwick,Aclninistration,18 .62 Simpson,Qctrand clu. ig.31.

et al., Saqtlara, 2 vols. ,

3r


33/74

IBI

BURIAI, APARTMENTPt . 36 .

A shallowverticalshafi (shaft 1) was excavatcdn room IV of NQt-rrt-pt'schapel, ppositehe wo falsedoorsof lbj placcd nto thc brick-worko1'thewcstwal l . l ts mouth s cut in to the floor along hc lengthof the eastwal l of theantechamber,xtending nderboth hc eastandsouthwalls. In order o itvoidundermininghe emainingowercolrrscsl-thcniudbrickwalls. hisshaffwasnotcompletcly xcavatcdo f'ewprecisc lcasurelnentsr cletai lsanbe provided. tmeasures .20n. N-S with a deepstepdown at the southend,and he eastandwestwalls arestraight ut roughlycut. At the shaft loor an irrcgularly hapcclburialareaextencls estwardunder hc -loor f theantecharnberor approxirnately1.50m.The shape f thisshafi, cctangularncl hal lowwith a burialchamber otfar beneathhc chapel loor, s cluite iff-erentrom heothers n the ombof Ntlt-nt-pf whichhavea squaremouthandgencrally greater epth. t is quitepossibleha ti t rnaybe dated l ightly, l though ot much, ater han heoriginal onstructionfthismastaba.

IV SCENES AND INSCRIPTIONSPls. 4u. 12. 45.

The two small imestonealsedoorsare nscribedforbj. Both areof the ypewith a torusmouldingandcavetto orniccand etainsc'rn-tcf theiroriginalcoatsofwhiteplaster.The southern oor ncludinghe iatnehasa wiclthof .56m.and s.18m. hick; the door tself measr-rres39-5m. ide x .77m.high. The northerndoor, 06m. hickandplaced n a stone ase 06n-r.igh,hasa wiclth t thebase f.43rn.andat the op of .46rn.with a heightof .5,5rn.With the exception f thescene n thepanelof thesouth 'alse oor,which s in raised el ief, hedecorationon bothdoors s ncisedwith minimum ntcrnal etails.No coloursarepreserved.The Southern lralse DoorThe UpperLintel: prt-furut t63 tnr ructj r j rfr htt f ir j - l rbt bj 'An invocationoff'ering f thc solecompanion,hekeeper l-theheaddres, he ectorpriest, bi'.The Lower Lintel: jrtttfurur lnpw tpj du.f 'Thehonourcd ne beforeAnubis,who s on hish i l l ' .The CentralPanel: Thc ownersits at an of1'eringable. One horizontaland oncveltical ineof inscriptionsead: ( ) t bt tnqt y ryd$ (2)n jmsltulbj '( l) Bread,

63 Fcrr he lbrmula pr t lru lf . . . seeLapp. Op.feftormel. 68, l60fi. For other cxantplcs ceFir th - Gunn,Zel l Pt ' r .Cent.2, pl . 73: : Sirnpsort , ur utd ldu, l ' ig.32; Kanawat i t a l . ,Saqq4rc t, p1 .23 ;E l -Khou l iKanawat i , aq t1u ra2 .1 t l . 22 ; . l amcs ,hen t i kc t ,p l . 12 ;unker .Giz,a1, f g. 8; vol . l l . l ig. 40. I t is intcrest inghat hese xamplcs harc ott tc ointsofsirni lar i ty nd hat he rnost ikely datcol 'a l l o1' thcms thc rcignof Pepy . Whi le his i r r r t rwa sperhaps ilt rcstrictedo this cign. t appcarso havebccnntclre onlmonat that irnc.

I I I

32


34/74

I IBIone thousand, eer,one thousand,owl, one housand,2) for the honouredone,Ib i ' .The OuterJambs:Each amb contains necolumnof hieroglyphs ndingwith astanding igure of the owner,wearinga long,pleiited ilt. The figureon the leftholdsa staffanda sceptre, hi le haton the rightholdsa foldedcloth n the efthand. Inscribed n the right amb is: jnulro br ntr


35/74

IBI

The InnerJambs: Each amb carries he nscriptionnu'fizulb j 'Thehonoured ne,Ibi', fbllowedby a seatedigureof the owner.

V FINDSThreepots were found in the courseof clearingshafi I 1 but thesecannotberegarded s necessarily ontemporary ith the omb.

TNE94:49. PIs.13,46.Squathigh-shoulderedar , body narrowing o a wide flat base. Oval spoutonshoulder elow hickened ollar im.6aRedwashon exteriorsurface.Wheelmadeof Ni le s i l t , spoutadded y hand. Almostcomplete.H 14.1cm.W 14. lcm.D base .5cm.D rim 7.5cm. L spout a 2.25cm.D spout .3-2.5cm.TNE 94:50. Pls.13, 46"Large ovoid storagear with roundedbase,shortupright neck and thickenedeverted im. Red wash over exteriorsurface. Probablywheelmade f Nile silt.Mud sealassociated ith.jar. Alnost complete. H 32.5cm. D max. 19.5cm.D rim l0.0cm. Mud seal:D 6.5-7.0cm.H at centre .5cm.TNE94:51 .P l . 13 .Large ovoid storagear of same ype and ware as TNE94:50. Missing minorchiosbut otherwise omplete.H 30.3cm.D rnax.18.3cm.D rim 9.5cm.

64 Squat poutcdar s areknown n theOl d Kingdom n bothcopper ndceramic Bouniau,Urnnrel-Ga'ah. 52 , o. 8-5). n thc Sixth Dynasty, pouts n mctalcxamplesweresomctimcs ongan dcurvcd Hayes,Scepter , 120, ig.74). Squatar s with shortspouts imi lar o TNE94:49ar ealsoknown io m somcFirst ntcrrn cdiatc criod/early iddle Kingdom ombsat Saqqara( Q u i b e l l ,x c a v a t i o n s a t S u q q u r u, p l . 3 2 : ; v o l . 2 , p l . 3 9 : 1 , 2 . ) , w h i c h c o u l d i n d i c a t e a S i x t hDynasty o carlyMiddle Kingdomdate an ge br TNE94:,19.

34


36/74

THE MASTABAOF KA-APERTIIE TOMB OWNER. HIS FAMILY AND DEPENDENTS

The Tomb OwnerNAMEKt(.j)-


37/74

7 -6 -

KA-APER

agriculture, rafls,etc. The itlewasheldby viziersandat the same imeby atlJastonenon-vizierwho assistedhevizier n hismany esponsibilities.T35- jrnj-r gs-pr overseerof the workcentre'.7a he title appearsol"re elated nroi"" way to the responsibi l i t iesf theimj-r ktt nbt nt nswt,75and mightrepresentnearlier tage f Kt('i)*pr(w)'scareer'6- jrj-prt 'hereditaryprince'. With a few exceptions,his rank s usuallyheldbyuiri".t. Howevir, otherexamples f non-vizier olders f the itle areknownin theTeti cemetery./olzrff-


38/74

KA-APER

preservedn the same osition n the el i jamb.another on,but no inscriptions urvived.The Dependentsof Ka-aperNAMEI dzuso ldu'.TITLES

This may rcpresenthe same,or

l- jmj-r pr 'overseerof the house'.2- jmj-r si r 'overseerof the inen'.3- shd hnrkt'superintendentf the ka-servants'.He is depicted acingKt(.j)-


39/74

KA-APER

streetwas initially plannedas a singleproject,with areasof land allocated ofavouredofficials and royal relativesat almost he same ime. Howevet, t alsoseemshatwork on certainmastabas tarted efbreothers, ut not by a long time,perhaps sa resultof the owner eachinga ccrtainageor status.Thus while themastaba f


40/74

KA-APER

door seated n a chairwith bull's egs s curious. This ype of chairwasgraduallysupersededy thatwith lion's egs,'rl nd at theprovincialsiteof Akhmim, wherethe changes documented,t is evident hat t tookplace ound he reignof Teti.e2In the Teti cemeteryat Saqqara he new style with l ion's lcgs was alreadyfashionable,e3nd Kt(.j)-


41/74

KA-APERinvolvementn oneof theconspiraciesgainst eti or Pepy .102Thecase f Kt(.j)-


42/74

KA-APER

.10m.x .10m.x .15m.h igh,cut a t the top on the ns ide orners f the doorthicknesses. he entranceelief was cut directly nto the stonewith no plasterfacing,but a smallsection ear he op of the southdoor hickness asrepaired tthe time of constructionwith a hard white plaster nto which signssubsequentlywerecarved.The two largeentrance locksarecut to form an nternal oor recesswhich measures .28m.N-S x .52m.E-W on the southside and .62m.on thenorth side,with a amb on the southof .15m.and another n the northof .28m.Cut into the stone hresholdus t inside he north.jambs a socket or a doorpivot,with a diameter f .15m.anda depthof .075rn. n bothsidewallsof the nternaldoorrecess t a heightof .90m.above he loor evelareneatly ut holes or a doorbolt,eachwith a width of .24m., height f . 18m., nda depthof .10m.The doorway pens nto an entrance estibuleroom ) whichmcasures .80m.N-S on t he eastwall and 1.95m. n the west wall x 1.70m.E-W. The presentmaximumwall height s 2.45m. At thewestendof thenorthwall a recess .00m.wide x .15m.deepand a smallstone tepup of .04m.defines doorway 70m.wide x. 85m. thick. The door eads o room Il which measures .20m.N-S x

1.70m. -W. At theeastendof thenorthwall of thischamber doorway 70m.widex.70m. h ick,wi tha recessn thenor th ide.95m. idex. l5m. deep, ivesaccesso the offeringchapel.The offeringchamber room II) is 2.80rn.E-W x 2.75m.N-S and hasa presentmaximumheightof 2.80m. The westwall is occupied y a lalsedoor set n a nichewhich s 1.70m.wide x .55m.deep.Both hedoorand hesidewallsof the nichcare formed of large imestoneblocks decoratedn relief and placedon a stoneofferingbench. The falsedoor,with two pairsol ' ambs, s l .30rn.wide and2.40m.high o the op of the orusmoulding;hecorniccabovehasdisappeared.The measurementsf thedoor are:upper intel I .21m.x .29m.; entralpanel 58m.x .44m.with sideapertures ach 05m.wide; ower intel .68rn. .20m.;drum.145m. .10m. ;ou te rambs .00m. .30m. ; nne rambs1 .3 -5m..26m. ; en t ra lniche 1.22m. . l45rn. The sidewallsof the recessmeasure50m.N-S x .55m.E-W, that on the soLrth rokenabovea heightof l .2lrn. and on the northabove2.00m. The stoneplatform, 40m.high and 21m.deep,extends he full width ofthe west wall and continues long he westpartof the north wall for a lengthof1.15m. i th a depth f .525m.In the westwall of the entrance estibuleroom ) is a doorway 80rn.wide x.83m. h ickwhich s def lned y a rccess.10rn.widex.15m. deep.Wi th in hedoorwayare wo stonesteps, he first .30m.high x .60m.deepand he second.20m.high x .35m.deep. The doorway ivesacccsso room V, a corridor-l ike

chamberwhich measures.70m.E-W x 1.50m.N-S andhaser ' loor loping erygentlyupward o thewest. Its wallshavca prcscnt nximum heightof 2.25m.In themiddleof thenorthwall a doorway -52m. ide x .80r.n.hick eads o roomV whichmeasures.10m.N-S x 1.90m. -W. Fragmentaryraces f redpaintonthe west wall may be the remains f male igures n a slaughtering cene.To theeastof the doorway, nicheconstructedn the southwall hasa si l l height 65m.above loor level. The floor of the nicheprojects 12-5m.rom the southwall andmeasures55m.wide(E-W)x .70m.deep N-S). Theceil ing s goneand hebackwall s smoothedo anapproximateeight f 1.10m.

4 l


43/74

KA-APER

At the southextremityof theeastwall of room V is a half-archdoorway 57m.wide with a height of .75m. at the north thickness nd 1.20m.at the sourhthickness.This small doorway eads o room VI which measures .].om.N-S x.80m.E-W. The functionof thisroom s uncertain, ut this s theonly chambernthemastabawhich retainsno traces l plaster.At the far westend of room IV another oorwayconstructedn the north wall,defined y an entranceecess .05m.widex.l5m. deep,measures.65m. ide x.65m. hick. It opens nto a smallchamber roomvII) which s 1.05m.E-w xl.l5m. N-S. To thenorthof this oom s themouthof shaft1.

IV BURIAL APARTMENTSPLs. 7, 48.

Located o thesouthof themainburialapartment nddirectlybehind he northwall of room VII is a small andr,rnflnishedhaftwith a mouth measurins1.15m.N-S x.90m. E-w. Presumablyt wasenterecliom the roof evel,a--sthe shaftwalls lined with mud brick standwell above he floor level of themastaba. t is cut nto thenative ock o a depthof 6.00rn.wherework appearsto havebeenabandoned hen ts northwall broke hroush nto the SE cornerof the shaftof the tomb owner.The mainburialshaft s located t theNW cornerof themastaba. irectlvwestof the falsedoor of Kt(.j)-


44/74

KA-APER

The westwall anda small sectionat the westend of the north wali arequitewell cut to a heightof approximately .00m. bove he loor level. The floorarea has been levelled and smoothedonly in the area surrounding thesarcophagus. eneath he sarcophaguss a well cu t pi t .80m.E-W x 3.60m.N-S x .55m.deep. To the eastof andparallel o thepi t a sectionof the floorwith maximummeasurementsf .60m.wideat the southendand2.35m.alongthe westside s cleanlvcut to depths f .45m. n the western ar tand 22m. ntheeastem art.Restingon loosestones ndrubbleabove he pi t is the argesarcophagusfKt(.j)*pr(w), cut from good quality limestone,bu t with the surfacesonlyroughly finished. Foundempty anddamaged y tombrobbers hereare severalbreaks n the sarcophagus,articularly t the northernheadend wherepieceshavealsobeenbroken rom the id. Most of these ragmentswere recoveredduring the excavationso enablea complete ecord to be made of theinscriptions ncisedon the sarcophagusnd its l id. The chest measuresexterna l ly3.10m. ong x 1 .63m.wide x 1.40m.h igh. The in terna lmeasurements re 2.22m. long x .70m. wide x .66m. high, with thethicknesses f the four sidesvarying rom .40-.50m. The lid has a width of1.63m.and an average eight of .56m.; he length cannotbe accuratelymeasured s henorlhend s missins.

V SCENES AND INSCRIPTIONSThe chapel s constructed f mudbrick, henplastered ndwhitewashed,ut theonly evidenceof painted decorationare fragmentsof red colour, perhaps heremains f male igures, reserved n thewestwall of roomV. Monolithicblocks

of goodquality imestone orm eachof the wo sidesof the entrance oorway, hefalsedoor, he alsedoorniche hicknessesnd he offeringbench. The architraveabove heentrance nd hecornice f the alsedoorarenow missing.Mostof theseblocksreceiveddecoration.All inscriptions re ncisedwhile the figures are nsunken eliefwith goodmodell ing, nd detai lsof body muscles, s well as hestructure f faces, ands,eet,etc,arewell rendered. he hieroglyphic ignsshowa greatdealof internaldetails. In general,he work on the entrance locks s farsuperior o that on the false door and the offering chamber. It is likely that thefagadewas the ast o be decorated,l03nd thereKt(.j)-,pr(w) holds higher itlesthan hoseattributed o him on his falsedoor and sarcophagus.The North Entrance JambPls.14-17, 9b.

The upperhalf is occupied y seven ertical I -7 ) andonehorizontal 8) linesofhieroglyphswhich read:( 1) mrr(zo) tswt pru mrr(w) Inpw tp j dw.f pu rm! nbhm-b (2) swt.tj.fjhr wtt tn m ld bsftst n(.j) mw (3) rd j n(.j,) hnqt m ntt m-fut.fn

lo 3 5"s alsoJames, hentiko,13.

43


45/74

KA-APERj., nf, n wnn t hnqt mruto4m:fi t. ln r05 4)dcl.kt.tnm r.!n zodnto6 t


46/74

KA_APER

The South Entrance JambPls. 14, 15,49a.

Apart from thebottompartof a scene n the ower section f this amb, all theinscriptionson the upper part have been completely emovedby del iberatechisel l ing.The decorationurvivingn the owerpartshows hepleated i l t andfeetof the ombownerseated n a chairwith lion's egs. Standing this f-eets partof a smallmale igure,perhaps isson,wearinga leopard's kin.The North Entrance ThicknessPIs.18,50b.

The upperhalf is occupied y four vertical l-4) and wo horizontal 5-6) inesoftext that read: l) pr.n(.j) m njzot(.j) t.n(.j) m sptt(. j) r.n(.j) (2) m{t n nb.sshtp.n(.j)nlr m mrrt.f (3 ) rdj(.j) t n l.tqr bsn htjj snu(.j) t (4 ) m jwtj tttllnt.f nkQdnfr wtun nf r (5) nufuwlr nl r


47/74

KA-APER

pools, 3) the lectorpriest, he one who is privy to the secret f the houseofmorning, 4) the honoured nebeforeOsiris, ord of Busiris, 5) the honoured nebefore Anubis, who is on his hill, (6 ) the hereditary rince, he overseer f theworkcentre, a-aper'. Below the inscriptionss a standing igureof the tombownerdepictedn the samemanner son theoppositehickness.Room III: The Offering ChamberTHE FALSE DOORPls . 0 , 51 .The UpperLintel: Two horizontal1-2)andonevertical 3) inesof hieroglyphsread:(1) lttp dj nsruthtp lnpru tpj du.f jmj wt nb tt isr (2) htp dj nsrut Wsjr lntjQdw qrs.tj .fm ftrt-ntr (3) mj-r gs-pr Kt(.j)-


48/74

KA-APER

The Left Outer Jamb: (I ) htp dj nsut Inpw funtjzh-ntr bp.f hr wtwt jptf (Z lnfr(w)t nt jmnt lppt jmtfuw r,snl le tnj-r gs-pr 3)Kt(.j)-


49/74

KA-APER

The North Jamb: The figuresof four offeringbearersn superposedegisters represerved, ll depictedwith capwig, beardandshortkilt. All carrya forelegof anox andpossiblyanother ut of meat. Only the man n the ower register s labelledas rp zh Ns::u'the irector f the bod-hall ,Nesu'. A vertical ine of inscriptionexplainshe actionof the menas: .. pr] n dt120rutt m Trnthw Srn'ru kt ntj-rgs-pr hrj-tp nsrutKt(.j)-


50/74

KA.APER

reads: ..ltrj-tp ttsrot mj-[r] hrut-rurtKt(j)-


51/74

KA-APER

TNE94:72.Pl. 13.Threecircular imestone bjects,with rounded opsand concave nderneath.Probablyar stoppers. races f yellow paint emaining.Complete.A. D 5.3cm.Th l .6cm.B. D 7.0cm.Th 2.0cm.C. D 7.5-8.0cm. h l .7cm.Three ragments f ar stoppers. 5.8cm.Th max. .2cm.TNE94:73.Pl. 13.Model calcitear . Cylindrical hapewith slightlyconcave ides,lat-toppededgerim and laringbase.Complete.H 5.3cm.D rim 4.2cm. D base .5cm.TNE94 74. (not llustrated)Stone bject,circularwith concave ides.D 2.3-2.2cm.H L5cm.TNE94:75. (not llustruted)Palegreenstone feldspar?)zn potamulet.H 0.8cm. W 0.7cm.TNE9(:76. Pl . 13 .Roughly-modelledmallsquare ontainer f Nile mud with a l id, unfiredandhand-formed.Tracesof powderywhitepainton two sides. Inside he box was acrudehand-formedigureof Nile mud. Figureand id broken. Box: H 5.8cm.L8 .5cm. W8.5c rn .Tho f wa l l .Ocm: id : L7 .5cm.W7. -5cm. h0 .5cm.TNE9{:77. Pl. 13.Roughly-n-rodelledmalloval shaped ontainerwith l id, handmaderom Nilemud,unfired.Lid broken, ow mended.H incl. id -5.6cm. 9.9cm. W 6.2cm.Th of wal l 0 .5cm- .0cm.TNE96:78.Pl. 13.Roughly-modelledectangularontainer ith rounded orners nd id, handmadeof unfiredNile mud. Each sideof the box is piercedby two holesabout0.5cm.from the rim, possibly or threading o secure he lid. Tracesof white paint orplaster emaining n box and id. Inside he box was a crudely ashioned layfigure, ef t foot brokenanda modelclay headrest.All limbs on the figure weredistinguished nd crudedelineation f the facial eatures isible;prominentmalegenitalia resent.Base omplete, ut id broken n two halves, ow mended.Box:H3 .6cm. L9 .9cm. W7.0cm. Tho f wa l l s0 .95cm. i d : L l 0 . l cm. W6 . -5cm 'Ih . o f l id 1 .1 m. Figure: 7.55cm.Headrest : .85x2.2cm.TNE94:100.Pls .13,46.Squatceramicvesselwith a flaring neckand fluted rim, long spoutnarrowingtowards he end and recessedoot showingmarksof tr ipod support. Roundedhandleattachedrom top of neck o shoulder.Very glossy, rnoothurquoise lueglazeover exteriorsurface. N{endedrom fragments; andleand spoutbroken.Thenatureof theglazepoints o an slamicdate or this obiect. H 8.5cm.W max.7.8cm.D base .5cm.D r im4.2cm.

50


52/74

KA-APER

TNE94:101PIs. 13,16.Squat eramic esselwith a long spoutnarrowingowards he end, laring imand a recessed oot. Flat strap handle rvith thumb-restapplied from neck toshoulder.Raised idgebelow handlearoundneck. Dark green-blue lazeoverexterior nd nteriorsurf-aces,ndicative f an slamicdate.Spoutbrokenandothersurface earevident.H 8.0cm.W max. 7.Zcm.D basc .lcm. D rim 4.'7cm.

-51


53/74

INSCRIBEDOBJECTSAND FRAGMENTSDuring heexcavationeasonsf 1994-95,umerousnscribedimestone biecrs

were ound n the compact arthanddebriswhich i l ledchupcls ndshalisoi theOld Kingdom mastabas nd also n the looscrsarrd bovc hem. In 1994 hecxpeditionocused n clearing section here hc mastabaol-Ndt-nt-pfas aterfound,and he majorityof fragrnents erediscovcredn thatvicinity. The tombofKt(.j)-


54/74

OBJECTSAND FRAGMENTS

The monuments formedof oneblockof limestone ith a rectangular ase69cm.long x 34cm.wide at the baseand 3l.5cm. wide at the top of the verticalsideswhich are 37cm.high. Above his the ong sides urve nward o form an archedtop, esultingn a totalheightof 43cm. J6quierhinks his ypeof object epresentsa simple,oneroom housewith vaulted oof, hence ts name.l28Vandier, bllowingMiiller, however, easonablyejects his interpretation nd thinks hat the objectdoesnot represent stelaor a house, ut a miniaturemastaba.l29 ecorationnincised eliefwith litt le detail s partially reservedn three ides.The Long Side, FaEade

The faEades decorated ith a false door of the type with torusmouldingandcavetto ornice, lankedon eithersideby a figureof theownerseated t an offeringtable.The nscriptions n the alsedoor eadas ollows:The UpperLintel: prt-furun jm:'fuwlhirto'May an nvocation fferingcome orthfbr thehonoured ne, hi'.TheCentral anel: u t futmqt uk:'futmnfitn jnt*3rulhj 'onethousandf bread,one housand f beer,one housandf oxen,one housandf clothesor thehonouredne. hi'.The Lower Lintel: jrufurulhj'The honoured ne, hi'.The Left Outer Jamb: *j-, pr-in'131hrj-hbt mtfuwHhittz'The overseer f thedepartment f stores,he ectorpriest, he honoured ne,Hehi'.TheRightOuter amb: mtfutofurnb.f . . Thehonoured nebetorehis ord, .. ' .The InnerJambs: rufutu Hhj) 'lne honoured ne,Hehi'.

To the left of the falsedoor the owner s depicted eated n a chairwith lion'slegs,wearinga shortkilt, broadcollaranda longwig which doesnot coverhis ear.One of his hands s held clenchedo his chestand he other s openand extendedtowards noff-eringablewhich s apparently nfinished, howing ix oaves n theleft half but noneon theright. Under he ableon the ar side s a cheston whicharepiled itemsof food and aboveare wo trays, he ower with three ars and heupperwith loaves f bread.The nscriptions bove hescene ead:gt l3 thnqt fu ktfu rytlfutmt-hd$ is [!t] nmlt n jm:ftru urWsjr ll.tj onethousand f bread,onethousand f beer,one thousand f oxen,one thousand f fowl, one thousand foryxes. ne housand f alabasterndone housand f clothesor the honoured nebeforeOsiris, hi ' .

The off-eringablesccneo the ightof the alsedoor s damagedn the owerpart.The seatedigureof theowner s clad n a sirnilarmannel'o thaton the efi but also128 oudjebten,2112 9 7v4n,run1, 435-36.1 o BonL",Personennamen,14:20.l3 I For this i t lc seeKanawat i McFar lane, khnr int . 23 .I 32 Rankc,Personennrunen, 254 12.


55/74


wears he sashof a lectorpriestand bracelets.One hand estson his lap and heother s extendedowards tablewith 13 oaves f bread.Beneatht to the efl areaewerandbasin. The onethousand..' brmula s identicalo thaton the cfi sideand s followed by: n jmtftzulr nf r


56/74


The UpperLinrel: (l ) 4t ! dj ryxut .ttpdj lnpruprt-furw.ftt+ \ m jtntfuzu3r nl r


57/74

OBJECTSAN D FRAGMENTS

The Left InnerJamb: nrhzufurnb.fHj j 'Thehonoureclnebefbrehis ord.Hi .Date: Dynasty6TNE94:FD3. Pls.25,57 .

Found n the debris,.ofNit-nt-pt's tomb nearTNE94:FD2, thecomplete alsedoorof Mr.srnb is of the ypewith torusmoulcling nc l avetto orniceandhasaT-shaped anel ' Decoratedn incised eliefwith"minimumdetai ls,heowner sshownseated t an offering ableon the pane^lnd s depicted tanding ndholdrnga lotus flower to her noseat the bottom of eachof - 'he our 1ambs. w at base30.0cm.W aftop 3l.Ocm. H -52.0cm.The UpperLintel andLefi outer Jamb:The nscriptions n the ormer l) continueon he atter 2). (1)\! l di nsw.t,lnyru.tpj rw Ttrt-r3rzu2)n jnur3iui3rntr,tMr.s-'nbt+0 (l) An offeringwhich hekinggiutJ aniAnubis, who s on his hi l l(gives). IVIayan nvocationofferingcome oitf, (2) for thehonouredonebefore hegreatgod,Meres-ankh'.TheRightOuter amb: nufuwt!1rpth Mr.s_


58/74


lectorpriest,Kheret-hema-en-kheru'.ach nscription ndswith a seatedigure ofthe owner. W 29.8cm.L 43.7cm.TNE94:OT2.Pls.26,58.The offering ableof Zzjis brokenon oneside. Preservedetweenwo basins smost of a vertical l ine of incised nscriptionsending with a seated igurcdeterminative. t reads: mtfurufur npzu pj dw.f Zzjl42 'Thehonoured ne beforeAnubis,who is on his hi l l , Sesi '.W l7.0cm. present ax.L 22.0cm.TNE9l:OT3. Pls.26, 58.The right lower cornerof a singleofferingbasin etains nscriptionsoughlyinc ised n the lat r im around heedge. They ead t) . . . z i l r j r+zQ) l . rmt. f . . .' (1) . . .thescr ibe,r i . (2)hiswi fe , . . . . Present ax.W 2 l .5cm. L 16.0cm.TNE94:OT4.Pls.27, 58.A small ragmentof an offering ablehas emains f a horizontal ine of incisedsignswhich reads: .. prt-furwFtkt-ttt11 .. . invocationofferings for) Feteket-ta'.Present ax.W 8.5cm.L l0.0cm.TNE9{:OT5. Pls.27,58.An offering table of Sbkru s damaged n threecornersbut retainsmost of itsincised nscriptions.They read: l) jmtlut Sbkwt45 D htp dj nszutnpzu pidwt.fl... '(1) The honoured ne,Sebeku. 2) An off-ering hich heking givesandAnubis,who s on hish i l l (g ives) . . . ' .W' l3 .5cm. present ax.L l6 .5cm.TNE94:OT6.Pl . 58.Two pieceswere oundof a brokenoffering able,bu t the right side s missing.Little remains f two horizontalinesof incised nscriptions hich read: ( ) ...prt-f t rw . . . 2) . . . [ jmtb]u l r Wsj r . . . ' (1) . . . nvocat ion f fer ings for) . . . 2) . . . thehonoured nebeforeOsiris .. ' . Present ax.W 2l.0cm. L 33.0cm.TNE94:OT7.Pls.27, 58.The right half of an offering able nscribedn black nk only was found to thenorth of the mastaba f Ndt-m-pt at a heightof 2.00m. The single ine of textbegins: htp dj nsut lrtpw tpj dwf ... 'An offeringwhich the king gives andAnubis,who s on his hi l l (gives) .. ' . W 26.3cm.presentmax' L 32.5cm.TNE94:OT8.Pl . 58 .A completeoffering tablewas oundnear he SEcornerof Nflt-m-pf's mastaba ta heightof approximately .00m.above loor evel. Crudely ncised or an officialno-"d Hzjj ihe nscriptions ead: ( t) htp dj nsrot Wsjr prt-furron ipsj nsut jmil3wHzjjr+6 2) mtfuw... '( l ) An offeringwhich the king givesandOsiris gives).May an nvocationoffering come orth for thenoblemanof the king, the honouredone.Hesi. (2) The honoured ne ..' . W 32.0cm.L 36'0cm.la2 16i ,1,9i :22.la3 15 ; ,1 ,1 1l a a 1 6 i , 1 ,4 j . 1 .1,15tbid, 306:3.I a6 15;,1. 54:29.


59/74


IV FRAGMENTSA greatnumberof fragments bund near o eachother n the fill and debrisabovethe centralpartof Nflt-ttt-pt's tombwere ormed of a hard, slate-colouredock andhad nciseddecoration f a similarstyleandsize. Two (TNE94:F21, 43) bear hename pj,to, and t is believed hat the majority belong o the samemonument.Their registration umbers renot n consecutive rderand o facilitate tudy heyhave been groupedat the beginningof the fol lowing descriptions nd theirphotographs nd ine drawingsappear ogether n thesameplates.(TNE94 :F4 , , 13 -14 , 6 -21 ,26-27 ,0 -31 , 7 -38 , 3 , 45 ,52 , 64 , 6 ' / -69 ,76 ,89 Pls. 28-30, 59)

TNE94:F4. Pls.28, 59.Partsof rows of an ncisedoffering ist with kneeling igure determinativesacingleft. Blue-grey ackground.W 14.lcm. H l2.5cm. (oins F52 andbelongswithFl7 , F20,F89)TNE94:F11.Pls.29, 59.Lower ef t portionof falsedoorwith torusmoulding; egsand eetof male igurefacing ightat bottom f amb;no colour.W l6.7cm.H l2.5cm.TNE9{:F13-14. Pl. 59.Two fragments itting together howan off-eringablewith food temspiled aboveand a'ewer and basin, ar , and ray with fruit below. Above the scenepartiallypreservedsigns read ... tbtl t fu hnqt fu k:... , and to the right a column ofinscription etains he signs dj, andp (htpl dj [nswt] lnpw?). Loaves,baseunder ablestand,ars andmeat ed; someyellowat top of offerings vegetable?);traces f blue-greenn signs.W 19.0cm.H22.5cm.TNE94:F16. PI. 59.Incisedsigns, ncluding andd,retaining o colouron redground. W 9.lcm.H 4.6cm.TNE94:F17.PIs.28,59.Partof rowsof offering ist with incised ignsandkneeling iguredeterminativesfacing ight to left of verticalbanded rieze. Groundblue-grey; andedriezewithblocksof green-red-blue-green,tc. W l4.0cm. H l3.7cm. (oins F20)TNE94:F18.PIs.29,59.Remains f incised igns eading ..some ed discolouration.W 8.0cm.H lnpu

tpj dru.f... n blue-greyground,with'/.6cm.

TNE9 l :F19 .P1 .59 .Remainsof incised signs reading mfuwt Qhwtj ... on blue-greyground.W 10.2cm.H I .2cm. (similarn style o F I8)

t a 7 6 i 6 . 2 2 . 1 5 .

59


60/74


TNE94:F20. PL,E.8, 59.Part of rows of incisedoffering ist with kneeling iguredeterminativesndverticalbanded riezeon right. Blue-greyground; riezewith traces f greenandred. W l2 . lcm. H. 12.3cm. o ins F17andF89)TNE94:F21. Pls.29, 59.Fragment incised with jmt'ftzuandW 17 .1c rn . 7 .5cm.TNE94:F26. Pls.29, 59.Lower portionof offering able scenewith baseof stand, ower part of legs ofseated igure and leg of chair. Greyish background,egs red. W l6.0cm.H l3 .6cm. (o ins wi th F27)TNE94:F27. Pls.29, 59.Torso and arms of male figure seatedon a chair. Skin red. W l5.4cm.H l5 .0cm. (o ins F26)TNE94:F30. PL. 59.Parts f large ncised igns -t-tt-rt;no colour.W 8.0cm.H 7.8cm.TNE94:F31. Pls.30. 59.Partof r ighthandcolumnof incisednscription; o colour.W 8.3cm. l6.5crn.(face);W 16.5crn. H 23.0cm. whole).TNE94:F37and15. Pl..59.Two fragmentsrom theupper ight amb of a falsedoorwith banded rieze, orusmoulding. The singlesignpreserved,n ncised rw,s the beginning f thehtp dj/1s?rf ormula. Background lue-grey, orusmouldingand frame red, fr iezebandedn orange-red,lueanddark ed. W 23.0cm.H 32.5cni.TNE94:F38. Pls.30. 59.Partsof two male standingigures acing eft eachcarryinga staff n right hand,the first wearinga long pointed i l t, col lar and shortcap wig, the second lesscomplete)wearsa shortpointedkilt. Probably rom right ambs of false door.Blue-grey ackground,kin ed. W 25.0cm.H l6.8cm.TNE9(:F43. Pls.30, 59.End of horizontal ine of incisedsigns eading .. n [j ]mfuu lpj; nn colour.W l4 .6cm. H l5 .0cm.TNE94:F45.SeeTNE94:31TNE94:F52.Pls.28,59.Partsof registers f an ncisedoffering ist with kneeling igure determinatives,beneath horizontal anded rteze. Blue-grey round. W l5.5cm. H l8.7crn.(oins F4)

the name p ,on blue-grey gror" rnd.

60


61/74


TNE9(:F6,4. Pl. 59.Fragment f cornerpiecewith partof the ncised ignzuon one sideandverticalbanded neze and corniceon other. Blue-greybackground; ird, registerandcolumn inesred, frtezeblocks etain ed andyellow, frameorange-red,ornice eafgreen.Right sideW l0.7cm. H I l .5cm., eft W 4.0cm. H l-5.9cm.TNE94:F67. PIs. 30, 59.IncisedwStteyeabove ine of inscriptionsign7 ?) . Paleblue-green n blue-greyground.W l0.7cm.H 18.2cm.TNE94:F68. PIs.30, 59.Incised nscriptionmdbwl below he tems hnqtb ryd. Blue-grey round, luein s igns.W 11.5cm.H l3 .0cm.TNE94:F69. Pl. 59.Cornerof falsedoorcornicewith red and blue eaves, ign or di with tracesofblue. W 20.0cm.H 11.0cm.may it with F68)TNE94:F76. Pl" 59.Cornerpiecewith banded riezeon one sideand races f signson the other;nocolour. RightsideW 7.3cm.H 13.0cm.,eftW 6.6cm.H l3.0cm.TNE94:F89. Pl. 59.Fragment f incised ffering is t with kneeling iguredeterminativesndverticalbanded rieze.Blue-grey round, races f greenn signs, reenand ed remainingon friezeblocks.W 8.0cm.H 8.5cm.(oins F20)

TNE94:F1.Pls .31,60.Partsof piled offerings onsisting f vegetables,owl and a calf s headon a traybetweenwo stands,ha ton the eft retainingraces f red. W l7cm. H l6cm.TNE94:F2. Pls. 31,60.Upperpartof two columns f hieroglyphs,he irst with the rameof a cartoucheand he second eadingmrwtth a correction/reve

report 8 part 1 text

Documents