renewables future and technologies prof. gady golan seeei2012 eilat 14-17 nov. 2012
TRANSCRIPT
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Renewables Future and Technologies
Prof. Gady Golan
SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012
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Fossil Fuels Usage
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Fossil Fuels- Greenhouse Effect
Percentage of global
Annual CO2Emissions in thousands
if metric tons
Country
100% 28,431,741 World
21.5% 6,103,493 China
20.2% 5,752,289 United states
13.8% 3,914,359 European Union
0.3% 70,440 Israel
Burning fossil fuels releases CO2 that was previously in the atmosphere (it does not create carbon)
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Greenhouse Effect
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Hubbert Peak (1956)
* Named after the late Geophysicist Dr. M. King Hubbert
*The Hubbert peak theory is based on the observation that the amount of oil under the ground in any region is finite, therefore the rate of discovery which initially increases quickly must reach a maximum and decline.
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• Proven world natural gas reserves (2004) ,179.5 trillion m3 ;• Reserve to Production Ratio in 2004 ~ 67 years.• Production of natural gas has been rising at an average rate
of 2.5% over the past 4 years.• At 2.5% increase - proven reserves will finish in less than 40
years.
Natural Gas
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Consumption
Even based on a low estimate of 2% average annual growth - the primary energy demand would • Double by 2040 ;• Triple by 2060 ;
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Main Renewable Energy Sources
– Hydro Energy– Wind Energy– Solar Energy– Biomass Energy– Tidal Energy– Geothermal Energy– Wave Energy– Bio-fuel
It will probably have to provide about 50% of the energy by 2050 ;SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012
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The Future Due to Renewables
• Distributed generation- requires different management ;
• Different concepts such as: Microgrids, DC bus, local and general controls ;
• Improved PV devices ;• Improved electronics for PV and wind turbines ;• Storage - renewables are not fixed and unstable ;
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DG-Microgrid concept
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Why domestic DC Bus
• Most electrical appliances require DC current- Computer, TV, Heating, lighting even air-conditioners can work on DC- namely extra inversion, lower efficiency ;
• Washing machines, dryers, refrigerators etc. consume only 30-50% of the total energy ;
• Photovoltaic Energy is naturally DC- double inversion (DC-AC-DC)- even lower efficiency ;
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Combined DC and AC powered House
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Block Diagram of basic system
Bi Directional 1ph/3ph Inverter
Unidirectional1ph/3ph Inverter
1ph/3phLoad
Other Reneable
energy sources
GRIDDC BUS
Batteries
DCLoad
LOAD
THE SYSEM
GRID
RENEWABLE SOURCES AND OTHER POWER SIURCES
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DC Microgrids
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The Smart grid Control Scheme
Local domestic energy management control
Grid control
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Field application
Energy management controlSEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012
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Storage
• Will help stabilizing the contribution of renewable energy ;
• As in PV storage prices will drop ;• A breakthrough is a necessity for Electric cars
as well as power systems ;• Technologies:
– Mechanical storage ;
– Electrical storage ;
– Thermal storage ;SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012
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Summery
• Conventional Energy will support us for many more years ;
• Renewables will penetrate more and more ;• Technologies will improve ;• New concepts must be considered ;• Stability , security and reliable supply must
be maintained ;
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SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012