renewable energy sources for transportation

8/4/2019 Renewable Energy Sources for Transportation

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Renewable energy is natural energy which does

not have a limited supply. Renewable energy can

be used again and again, and will never run out.


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Demand can only be reduced in limitedamounts To sustain our population, we must make aneffective shift towards alternatives, andpreferably to renewable sources of energy A smooth transition to the new sources ofenergy is also crucial and the importance of thismay be overlooked. We need to start this

transition mechanism soon, even if the oil peakmay not be immediate


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BIODIESEL

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG)

ETHANOL

HYDROGEN /FUEL CELL VEHICLES

GAS-TO-LIQUID FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION


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BIODIESEL AS A

TRANSPORTATION FUEL

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel

produced from renewable

resources, such as soybeansor

used restaurant grease.

contains no petroleum, but it can

be blended with petroleum diesel

to create a biodiesel blend.

It can be used in diesel engineswith no major modifications.

Biodiesel is simple to use,

biodegradable, nontoxic, and

essentially free of sulphur and


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Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel to have

fully completed the health effects testing

requirements under the Clean Air Act.

The use of biodiesel in a conventionaldiesel engine results in substantial

reductions of unburned hydrocarbons,

carbon monoxide, and particulate matter

compared to emissions from diesel fuel.


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What is CNG? Compressed natural gas, or CNG, is natural gas under pressure which

remains clear, odorless, and non-corrosive.

How is natural gas produced? Most natural gas comes from three types of wells: natural gas-and-condensate wells, oil wells, and coal bed methane wells.


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What is ethanol? Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, has the

chemical formula C2H5OH. It is the same alcohol found inalcoholic beverages, but ethanol alsomakes an effective motor fuel. There have been decades of motorfuel application experience in theUnited States and other countrieswith ethanol.


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Ethanol is also being used to formulate a blend with

dieselfuel, known as "E-Diesel", and as a replacement

for leaded aviation gasoline in small aircraft.

Ethanol has a lower energy contentthan gasoline.

result in increased engine efficiency andperformance.


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What is Hydrogen? Hydrogen is the simplest, lightest andmost plentiful element in the universe.

In its normal gaseous state, hydrogenis :

Colorless odorless tasteless,

non-toxic and

burns invisibly.

It should not be considered a "fuel,"but instead, should be considered as anenergy transport mechanism.


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Possible hydrogen vehicles in the future maybe: Vehicles with internal combustion engines using pure

hydrogen, or using a mix of hydrogen and natural gas.

Vehicles with fuel cells that use hydrogen that's producedeither on-board by converting liquid fuels (gasoline, ethanol,or methanol) to hydrogen, or by using direct hydrogen thathas been generated off-board and stored on the vehicle in

compressed or liquid form.


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Fuel cells generate electricityfrom a catalyst-facilitatedchemical reaction betweenhydrogen and oxygen ions in acell. Several cells combined make upa fuel cell stack. Fuel cell systems have relativelyfew moving parts, and their onlyby products are water and heat

when pure hydrogen is used asthe fuel.


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What is GTL? Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) fuels are fuels that can be produced from natural gas, coal and biomass using a Fischer-

Tropsch chemical reaction process.

The liquids produced include naphtha, diesel, and chemical feedstocks.

The resulting GTL diesel can be used neat or blended with today's diesel fuel and used in existing diesel engines and

infrastructure.

These fuels provide an opportunity to reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels and reduce tailpipe emissions.

Natural gas is four times more expensive to transport than oil. Converting remote natural gas into a liquid before

transport is more cost-effective.


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Unmodified diesel engines, fueled with neat GTL, show thefollowing average emission reductions compared to typicaldiesel.


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The renewable sources are cost effective, user-friendly, so that they can easily beat the fossil fuels

By promoting renewable energy sources we canavoid, Air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution

Countrys Economy will increase

Due to technological advancement vehicles are madewith improved fuel efficiency and also perfect hybridvehicle are made

Throughout the year these sources are availablewithout affecting the Environment


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renewable energy sources for transportation

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