Renewable Energy Integration: Driving the distribution grid modernization

Froilan J. Savet, MSEE, PEE

I IEE Senior Member

Network P lanning & Pro j ect Management

MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY

42nd IIEE Annual National Convention

November 17 – 19, 2017, SMX Convention Center, Philippines

Meralco Distribution System

Largest DU among 140 DUs/ECs

3% of Philippine land area, 27% of total population

6,973 MW demand, 12,425 MVA substation capacity

Bulk power from centralized generation

8 230kV delivery-point substations

109 115kV, 34.5kV distribution substations

117 sub-transmission circuits, loop, 920 ckt-km

777 distribution circuits, radial, 17,093 ckt-km

97% overhead (17,557 ckt-km)

3% underground (456 ckt-km)

20 typhoons (average) annually

225 minutes SAIDI

2.18 times SAIFI

DU system But concepts are much the same has evolved

Has evolved over the years but needs to modernize for future-proofing

Data as of December 2015

Delivery substation

Meralco Power System

Backbone looped Lines

Distribution radial lines

Distribution substation

Delivery substation

Transformative changes in the power industry Drivers to modernize the system into integrated, optimized and intelligent grid

Proliferation of Disruptive Technologies such as Renewables and Energy Storage

Continuous Improvement in Reliability and System Loss Levels

Asset Optimization Increasing Customer Expectations

amidst worsening weather disturbances

amidst changing regulatory environment

• Reliability performance targets Drive to improve performance and strive grid resiliency amidst worsening weather conditions.

• Asset optimization Optimize asset utilization

• Evolving customer engagement and expectations

Customers today are using more electronic appliances for comfort and entertainment causing a rise in demand; more customers are becoming prosumers.

• Increasing penetration of renewables Falling cost of renewables especially, solar PVs; the DOE has released the Renewables Energy Act of 2008 (9513): An act promoting the exploration, development, utilization and commercialization of renewables; policy incentives like FIT, Net Metering, Renewable Portfolio Standards and Green Option.

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A generating facility consisting of one or more

generating units, where electric energy is produced from

a source that is renewable, cannot be stored by the

facility owner or operator and has inherent variability

that is beyond the control of the facility owner or

operator. This refers to Wind Farms and Photovoltaic

(SOLAR) generation systems.

Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) Clean Electric Energy

Thermal Loading The current carrying

capacity of the

equipment. Loading an

equipment beyond its

thermal rating may lead

to permanent damage.

Voltage Regulation Embedded generation can

be used for voltage

support, in some cases,

but often makes voltage

control more complex in

the distribution system.

Power Quality The high DER penetration

may affect adversely

power quality, raising

issues such as voltage

fluctuations, flicker, and

harmonics.

Fault level Every point in a

distribution network has a

particular fault level,

which is a measure of the

maximum fault current

expected at that point.

Control/Safety Island forms when a

generator continues to

supply the load in a part

of the network

disconnected from the

upstream grid

RENEWABLE

ENERGY

(RE)

As of September 2017

Solar Plants (34, 43.34 MW)

Biomass/Biogas Plants (3 EGs, 20.47 MW)

Hydro Plant (1 EG, 1.15 MW)

Geothermal Plant (1 EG, 20 MW)

Embedded RE Capacity: 138.96 MW (13 exporting RE; 27 own-use RE)

NM Capacity: 6.94 MW (1,009 energized facilities)

Total RE Capacity: 145.90 MW

Embedded RE Plants Meralco franchise

Wind Plant (1 EG, 54 MW)

Philippine Distribution Code (PDC): establishes the basic rules, procedures, requirements, and standards that govern the operation, maintenance, and development of the electric Distribution Systems in the Philippines

Philippine Electrical Code (PEC): used nationally as the basis for safeguarding persons, buildings and its contents from hazards that may arise from the use of electricity

ANSI IEEE 1547 – Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems: provides a set of criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed generation resources into the power grid

Distribution Services and Open Access Rules (DSOAR): sets the terms and conditions related to the provision of connection assets and services, service to the captive market, supplier of last resort (SOLR) service and unbundled distribution wheeling service provided to the contestable market, and redistributor’s service to sub-meter users

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standards: international standards and conformity assessment for all electrical, electronic and related technologies

Connection and Operational Requirements Applicable Standards used in the Philippines

Energization

Apply for

Interconnection

Conduct Distribution

Impact Study

Conduct Distribution

Asset Study; FABD

Construct Connection Assets and

Execute Connection Agreements

Perform Testing and

Secure Regulatory Approval

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RE Interconnection Process

Other Requirements Installation of synchro-check relay, delta-wye interface transformer, installation of line switches, and

metering facilities (w/ import & export billing), etc.

Impact Study Asset Study

Thermal Loading

Voltage Regulation

Power Quality

Fault Level

Control/Safety

Other Requirements

Network Reinforcement through the construction and/or reconductoring of

subtransmission/distribution lines

Network Reinforcement, Installation of AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulators) and

capacitors, Resetting of On-load tap changers (OLTC)

Installation of PQ compensating equipment (e.g. static var compensators, harmonic

filters, etc.)

Uprating of power circuit breakers, installation of fault current limiting fuses (CFL) on

DTs, resetting of protective relays.

Installation of Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) schemes, Installation of SCADA,

teleprotection equipment, and comm. links for status monitoring and control

Installation of synchro-check relay, delta-wye interface transformer, installation of line

switches, and metering facilities (w/ import & export billing), etc.

The conduct of Distribution Asset Study (DAS) is to determine all distribution assets and costs necessary to accommodate a

proposed interconnection.

Distribution Impact/Asset Studies DIS/DAS

The Distribution Utility has to perform a Distribution Impact Study (DIS) to assess the ability of the Distribution System to

safely and reliably accommodate a proposed Connection Agreement and any upgrades that may be required.

Reference:

Philippine Distribution Code Revised Edition

Connection and Operational Requirements Definition and Classification of Embedded Generating Plant

Embedded Generating Plant A Generating Plant that is connected to a Distribution System or the System of any User and has no direct connection to the Grid.

Embedded Generating Unit A Generating Unit within an Embedded Generating Plant

Embedded Generation Company A person or entity that generates electricity using an Embedded Generating Unit

RE Class Capacity Generator Output Active Power

Control

Reactive Power

Capability

Frequency

Withstand Voltage Ride

Through

Large 10 MW and more Rated capacity within +/-

0.3hz

Should be equipped with

Active Power Control

0.95 leading/lagging power

factor Disconnection

allowed within pre-set

values of frequency

and time

Required

Medium 1 MW < RE < 10MW Rated capacity within +/-

0.3hz

Should be equipped with

Active Power Control

0.98 leading/lagging power

factor Required

Intermediate 100 kW < RE <= 1 MW Rated capacity within +/-

0.3hz

Should be equipped with

Active Power Control

0.98 leading/lagging power

factor Required

Small 10 kW < RE <= 100 kW Rated capacity within +/-

0.3hz

Not required 0.98 leading/lagging power

factor Disconnection

allowed frequency

outside 58.2-61.8 Hz

Required

Micro RE < =10 kW Rated capacity within +/-

0.3hz

Not required 0.98 leading/lagging power

factor Not required

DESCRIPTION:

PV System – 5,856 units of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, each rated 255 W peak, connected to 61 units of SMA STP 20000 TLEE-10 inverters, each rated 20 kWp.

Interface Transformer – 400 Volts 3phase line-to-line inverter output to 34.5 kV using 1.5 MVA transformer

Connection – Interconnection to 34.5 kV feeder Balintawak 47E by constructing 30 meters of new 34.5 kV 3-phase line using 1-AWG 3/0 ACSR per phase

Solar Rooftop Project at Quezon City

Vicinity Map of Solar PH

NAME: 1.22 MW SM North EDSA Solar Project

APPLICANT: Solar Philippines Commercial Rooftop Projects Inc. (Solar PH)

LOCATION: Carpark Building Rooftop of SM City North EDSA, 2.5 circuit km away from Balintawak Substation

Case Studies VRE Interconnection

NAME: 54 MW AWOC Wind Farm Project

APPLICANT: Alternergy Wind One Corporation (AWOC)

LOCATION: Sitio Mahapang Sapa, Brgy. Halahayin, Pililia, Rizal

DESCRIPTION:

System – Composed of twenty-seven (27) wind turbine generators with a capacity of 2 MW each

Interface Transformer – 0.69 kV wind turbine generator output to 22 kV and aggregated before finally stepped-up to 115 kV through two (2) 40 MVA power transformers

Connection – Interconnection to Malaya-Teresa Subtransmission 115 kV line

Wind Farm at Pililia, Rizal

Case Studies VRE Interconnection

Customer #1 Manila

Customer #2 Pasay City

Connection of Net Metering Facilities

Customer #3 Canlubang, Laguna

Customer #4 Pasig City

Connection of Net Metering Facilities

A key imperative for Meralco in the face of transformative changes in the power industry

Grid Modernization

• SmartGrid – long-term technology roadmap envisioned in 2011

• Smart devices and systems over the distribution network

• Core pillars: ANA and AMI

• Objective: Monitor and manage network operations and assets in real-time to address changing loads, generation, and outage events

Deployment of smart devices and systems over the distribution network

Objective: Real-time monitoring and management of network

operations and assets to address changing loads, generation, and failure

conditions of the distribution system.

Advanced Network Automation (ANA)

Integrated system of smart meters, communications infrastructure,

and back-end systems

Objective: Enable two-way communication between utilities and

customers

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

Advanced Network Automation (ANA) Smart Grid Initiatives to support RE integration

Fault Location,

Isolation and Service

Restoration (FLISR) Designed to decrease the

duration of outages and

number of customers affected

Integrated Volt-Var

Optimization

(IVVO) Aims to minimize technical

losses and manage voltage

within acceptable limits

Advanced Distribution Management System Integrated system combining outage and distribution

management system

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*Future Projects

Intelligent Asset

Management Use of asset condition

sensors and advanced

analytics to optimize asset

utilization

Mobility Use of mobile devices to

accomplish business tasks

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Control Center

Modernization Upgrade of existing system control

center and operations dispatch centers

Substation Automation Upgrade of existing substations in

compliance with latest industry-

standard IEC 61850

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Power Tech Philippines’ first innovation, research and

development, and technical training facility

featuring a smart grid setup

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Distributed Energy

Resources (DER)

Integration* Enable effective integration of variable

RE generators and other customer-cited

energy resources

Demand Response (DR)* Programs that encourage change in

customers’ consumption behavior to

reduce peak demand

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Future Distribution Network

• Similar in major design but manage two

flows of power

• More facilities underground, hardened infra

• More automation, communication between

equipment

• Smarter switches and controllers

• Can integrate widespread distributed

generation and battery energy storage

• Can charge electric vehicle and take power

from it as well

• Advanced demand response

of http://www.ecoissues.ca/Managing_a_complex_energy_system:Smart_Grid

Integrated, optimized, smarter and cleaner

Thank you.

The objective of the distribution system is not only to provide adequate, reliable,

safe and efficient electric service but to deliver clean power as well.

Cautionary statements

This presentation is prepared for the participants of the 42nd IIEE Annual National Convention in Pasay City, Philippines on

November 17 - 19, 2017. This presentation has consequential limitations and the discussion is limited to renewable integration.

The same materials are restricted to the participants and may only be used in conjunction with the presentation held on such

date.

The information contained herein should not be quoted in whole or in part without prior consent of the author. No responsibility

to any third party is accepted as the presentation has not been prepared for and is not intended for any other purpose.

Accordingly, the author makes no representation or assurance that any projected results based on the use of these information

will be realized. Participants should not place undue reliance on these information, though presumed correct at the time of the

presentation.

These information are exposed to various risks and competitive uncertainties and contingencies which are beyond the author’s

control.