renewable energy in the netherlands january...

Renewable Energy in The Netherlands January 2017

Dr. Martien Visser

Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration

Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen

Partner of the Energy Academy Europe

E-mail: [email protected]

This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates.

Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided.

Jan-17

The Entrance database on Renewable Energy is regularly improved by the creation

and/or refinement of (sub)models

Recent improvements

On 1 November 2016, a real time application for solar, wind biogas energy has been launched: Energieopwek.nl

This real-time application was sponsored by SER, Gasunie New Energy, TenneT and

NetbeheerNederland

In December 2016, several submodels were improved

Jan-17

Fraction Renewable Energy until Q4 2016

The fraction renewable energy has been calculated using the official EU regulations. In Q4 2016, the

Netherlands produced actually 5.5% of its final energy consumption in the form of renewables.

Please be aware that in international statistics, wind energy is based on the average wind

availability during a consecutive number of years, and not on the actual availability of wind!

Jan-17

January 2017 was characterized by relatively low temperatures, a low wind availability and

(small) net power exports. Industrial gas consumption increased by 10% y-o-y.

Solar PV generation was 0.04 TWh, 50% higher than in January 2016

Wind power generation was 0.78 TWh, 20% less than in January 2016

Final energy consumption was 72.5 TWh, 14% higher than last year

CO2 emissions from energy usage were 18.8 Mton, 10% higher than last year

The fraction renewable energy was 5.2%, down from 5.7% last year.

The percentage renewable power was 10.5%, down from 12.1% last year.

January 2017

In a Nutshell

Jan-17

• January 2017 data

• Monthly profiles

• Monthly data

• Energy Demand in a Nutshell

• Hourly data

• Miscellaneous

Content

Jan-17

SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM JANUARY 2017

Jan-17

Renewable Energy

January 2017

Renewable Energy is produced in various forms. The most important contributor is

biomass (biogas, waste, wood and bio-oil). In January 2017, according to the official

rules, 5.2% of energy consumed in the Netherlands was renewable energy.

Jan-17

Final Energy Demand

January 2017

Energy is used for many different purposes. January 2017 was rather cold; the

most important energy applications were gas (heating and industry) and,

secondary oil for various forms of transport.

Jan-17

CO2 Emissions

January 2017

In December, the national energy-related CO2 emissions, calculated using the official

formula, are estimated at 19.1 Mton, 10% higher than in January 2016. This is due to

colder weather, a growing economy and lower electricity imports.

Jan-17

The capacity (beginning of January) is the so-called name-plate capacity. In

practice, not all capacity is available for the market due to planned and unplanned

maintenance and mothballing.

Power Generation Capacity January 2017

Jan-17

Power Supplies

January 2017

In January 2017, power consumption, including transmission losses, is estimated at

11.5 TWh, 3% higher than last year. In January, The Netherlands was a net exporter of

electricity.

Jan-17

CO2 from Power Generation

January 2017

In January 2017, 60% of the CO2 emissions from the power sector came from the coal-fired

power stations. The CO2 emissions from the net exports are given for comparison, since

these do not contribute to the national CO2 emissions.

Jan-17

CO2 from Dutch Power Generation

January 2017

The daily CO2 emission per kWh produced varies due to variations in the power mix.

On average, the CO2 emission in January 2017 was 454 g/kWh.

Jan-17

SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES

(using daily data)

Jan-17

The daily contributions to the renewable energy, according to the classification by

CBS. In December, for comparison, the average daily gross final energy

consumption was 2340 GWh per day.

One GWh is one million kWh or about 100.000 m3 of natural gas.

Daily Renewable Energy January 2017

Jan-17

Energy demand shows a typical weekday-weekend pattern. Gas demand is

(partly) dependent on ambient temperature.

Energy Demand January 2017

Jan-17

Conventional power generation in January 2017 was characterized by high volatility in wind

production and varying imports and exports, and hence, fossil fuel generation, including coal-

fired generation, varied significantly.

Conventional Power Generation January 2017

Jan-17

January 2017 was characterized by low availability of wind. The average utilization rate of

the wind turbines was only 24% and for solar-PV it was 3%. 1 GWh is sufficient to provide

power for a year for 300 households.

Daily Wind and Solar Power Production January 2017

Jan-17

In December, the percentage of renewable power varied between 4% and 25%, with an

average of 10.5%. The average percentage of renewable energy was 5.2%. These

percentages have been calculated using the official EU procedures.

Contribution of Renewable Energy January 2017

Jan-17

SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA

Jan-17

The gross final consumption of energy is a quantity used to calculate the percentage of

renewable energy. This quantity excludes the energy used in the energy sector (mainly

due to the production of electricity), for international shipping and for feedstock and

the energy used for international aviation above 6.18% of the total

Gross Final Energy Consumption 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

Gas consumption in January, excluding gas-to-power, was much higher than last year,

due to lower temperatures.

Gas Demand (excluding gas-to-power)

2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

In January, Dutch natural gas production was slightly higher than last year.

Gas Production 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

In Janaury, Dutch power demand, including transmission losses, was 3% higher

than last year.

Power Demand 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

Due to low wind availability, wind production in January 2017 was (only) 0.78

TWh, 20% lower than January last year. The average utilization of wind capacity,

combined onshore and offshore, was 24%.

Wind Production 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

In January 2017, electricity generation by Solar PV in The Netherlands reached 0.04 TWh.

This was 50% higher than last year, because of the increase in solar-PV capacity and more

sunshine. In January, the average utilization rate of solar-PV capacity was 4%.

Solar PV Production 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

For January 2017, coal-fired power generation has been estimated to be slightly higher

than in January 2016.

Coal-to-Power 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

For January 2017, gas-fired power has been estimated to be higher than last year.

This is due to lower imports and lower wind availability

Gas to Power 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

This figure depicts the amount of LNG injected into the gas grid, as presented by GTS.

The figure excludes the usage of LNG as transport fuel.

1 TWh is equal to about 100 million m3.

LNG imports 2017 (and 2016)

December--15

Renewable Energy All Sources

2017 (and 2016)

This assessment is based on various assumptions. Despite low wind availability, the

renewable energy production in January was estimated to be slightly higher than

last year. The lower availability of wind energy was compensated by higher

utilization of wood in households.

Jan-17

In January, the percentage of renewable energy was 5.2%, this is 0.5% lower than

last year. The reduction is primarily caused by higher usage of energy by society,

and low actual wind availability. (In international statistics, wind energy is

corrected to average wind speeds)

Renewable Energy Percentage 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

CO2 emissions in January 2017 were 10% higher than those in January 2016. This increase

by 8% was recorded, due to lower ambient temperatures, lower power imports and higher

energy usage by industry.

CO2 Emissions 2017 (and 2016)

Jan-17

ENERGY DEMAND IN A NUTSHELL

Jan-17

Dutch government has allocated Energy Demand in four categories. These categories (and this figure)

do not take into account energy demand for international shipping, aviation and feedstock.

(1 GWh is about equal to the average daily energy production of 40 wind turbines of 3 MW each)

Energy Demand January 2017

Jan-17

The primary energy requirement for Low Temperature heat, mainly buildings and green houses,

varies with ambient temperature.

Energy Demand Low Temperature Heat

Jan-17

The primary energy requirement for High Temperature Heat (mainly industry) varies with

the economic activities in the Netherlands. The higher gas demand from industry

indicates economic growth.

Energy Demand High Temperature Heat

Jan-17

The primary energy requirement for Transportation (excluding international shipping and

aviation) varies with the economic activity in the Netherlands. Fuel purchased abroad,

e.g. since taxes are lower, are not included in this figure.

Energy Demand Transportation

Jan-17

The primary energy requirement for the power sector varies, with the import/export

balance and with the production of renewable power. This figure excludes the primary

energy demand caused by power imports.

Energy Demand Power Sector

Jan-17

This figure shows the daily CO2 emission of each of the four demand sectors.

This figure does not take into account the energy demand for shipping, aviation and feedstock. During

summer, CO2 emissions from lower temperature heat are very low.

(1 kton CO2 is equal to the average daily CO2 emission of 90.000 households, each using 1500 m3 gas

and 3500 kWh electricity annually .

CO2 Emissions January 2017

Jan-17

The CO2 emissions from Low Temperature Heat , mainly buildings and green houses, vary

with ambient air temperature and the fraction of renewable energy which is used, mainly

biomass and heat pumps. This figure excludes the CO2 emissions due to the production of

electricity used in low temperature heating.

CO2 emissions Low Temperature Heat

Jan-17

CO2 emissions from High Temperature Heat, mainly industry, vary mainly with the

economic activity in the Netherlands.

CO2 emissions High Temperature Heat

Jan-17

CO2 emissions from Transportation (excluding international shipping and aviation, which

are not accounted for in the national CO2 emissions) vary with the economic activity in

the Netherlands. Fuel bought abroad, e.g. because of lower prices, is not included in this

figure as well.

CO2 emissions Transportation

Jan-17

CO2 emissions from the power sector vary with the amount of coal used for power

generation, the amount of renewable power produced, and the level of power imports.

CO2 emissions Power Sector

Jan-17

SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA

Jan-17

The send-out of the gas storages is mainly related to ambient temperatures, but

shows as well a week-weekend pattern. In December the storages were sometimes

being filled, which is represented by negative values. Gas supplies include Dutch

consumption and exports.

Gas Supply January 2017

Jan-17

Domestic gas demand in January peaked at 107 GW. In this graph, the term

“industry” is defined as direct connections to the Gasunie grid. The term

“distribution” includes households, offices, commercials and small and medium size

industries which are connected to the distribution grid.

Gas Demand Including Gas-to-Power

January 2017

Jan-17

Gas Imports & Exports January 2017

In January 2017, gas exports were about 74 TWh, while gas imports were 41 about TWh.

Jan-17

Power Imports & Exports January 2017

In January 2017, power imports were 0.9 TWh, while power exports were 1.1 TWh.

Consequently. The Netherlands was a net power exporter.

Jan-17

January 2017 was characterized by a low and volatile wind availability, the average

utilization rate of the wind turbines was only 24%.

Wind Power January 2017

Jan-17

January was rather sunny; the utilization rate of solar PV installed was 4%.

Solar PV Power January 2017

Jan-17

The following set of slides presents for each month

in 2016 the hourly contributions of various energy

sources to total power consumption in The

Netherlands.

Jan-17

Power Generation January 2017

In the second half January, gas-fired power generation peaked, due to low wind

availability and net exports (negative numbers in the graph) occurring simultaneously.

Jan-17

The following set of slides presents for each week in

2017 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-PV

to the total power consumption in The Netherlands.

Jan-17

Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017

Jan-17

MISCELLANEOUS

Jan-17

In January 2017, the average daily effective temperature (temperature including wind

shield factor) was only -1.1 oC, lower than in January 2016 (0.0 oC).

Effective Temperature January 2017

Jan-17

This curve represents the long term monthly net import/export balances of natural gas and

power since January 2014. Negative numbers express net exports. Positive numbers express

net imports. Since 2015, the Groningen gas production has decreased significantly.

Import/export balances of gas and power

Jan-17

Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation.

Fuel Specific CO2 Emissions

204

279 341

450

298396

798

0100200300400500600700800900

g/kWh

Sources: CE-Delft, own analysesPower Generation

Fuels

Jan-17

This presentation is based on numerous sources on energy demand, supply and

production in The Netherlands. Unfortunately, these sources do not cover the

entire Dutch energy system, nor do these sources provide the insights needed

for this presentation. Thus, various approximations and scaling factors were

derived and used. The author would like to thank students from Hanze

University of Applied Sciences in Groningen and various consulted energy

experts for there feedback on the methods used. Currently, the aggregated

results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the Dutch

National Office of Statistics (CBS) and it is believed that the this presentation

gives a fair presentation of the complex reality of the Dutch energy system.

Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided to

further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are at the heart of

any successful policy to make our world more sustainable.

Epilogue [email protected]

Jan-17

renewable energy in the netherlands january...

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