renewable energy from water and subsurface hans gehrels
TRANSCRIPT
Renewable Energy from Water and Subsurface
Hans Gehrels
26 maart 2009Nationale Bodemconferentie, Rotterdam 2
Broad picture …
“We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders .......
We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories.”
Barack Obama in his
inaugural speech on
Jan. 20, 2009
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Transition to renewable energy
• The combination of energy consumption and climate change requires a transition to renewable energy
• Goals of the Dutch Government: triple 20
• Reduce dependance on fossile fuels by • reducing energy use by 20%• Use 20% renewable energy, and • Decrease CO2-production with 20%
in 2020 (against 1990)
• At unaltered policy: half way
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Research agenda REWS – three main themes
Trias energeticaBron: website ECN, maart 2009
2. Development of techniques for REWS
3. Combining water, subsurface and energy in spatial planning
1. Energy saving
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1. Energy saving
• Energy neutral surface water management
• Optimization of hydraulics (waste water transport)
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2. Development of techniques for REWS
• ATES • Effects on subsurface, new applications, monitoring, efficiency
• Energy from surface water• Design and effects, ecological impact on lakes and urban water
• Water movement (a.o. testing rotors, waves, tide)• Using facilities for testing of installations
• Energy from fresh-salt gradients: Blue energy • Labtesting of osmotic membrane modules
• Biomass• Effects of algae on surface waters
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3. Combining water, subsurface and energy in spatial planning
• Local area approach to energie demand, -transport en –availability • ATES, surface water, geothermal, waste water, process
water, cooling water, remediation, …
• Heat management in the large rivers • Nation wide, cooling of electricity plants, …
• Combine techniques • A.o. ATES and bioremediation, ground water and surface
water
• Development of knowledge and information system for ATES and Geothermal• Web based application ThermoGIS-WKO
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage
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Geothermal systemClosed system Open system
Pipes and hoses
Up to 150 m bgs
No regulation
From 1 house
Saved back in 10 – 20 years
25.000 systems
temp.11 ºC
Wells
Up to300 m bgs
Licensing by law
From 50 houses
Saved back in 1 – 12 years
1000 systems
Wells
Up to 5000 m bgs
Licensing by law
From 1500 houses
Saved back in 5 – 20 years
1 system
Soil energy – different types
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Open systems
Ca. 30% of NL energy is used for heating and cooling of buildings, i.e.: • IF ATES saves 50-70% fossil energy, • THEN - with only 1 renewable energy technique • 15-20% reduction of total energy use is feasable
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Growth of open systems
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Growth of open systems
2000 20081990
10 systems 1000 systems200 systems
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Simulation of piezometric head and temperature contour lines – May
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Simulation of piezometric head and temperature contour lines – Oct
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Simulation of piezometric head and temperature contour lines – Apr
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Temperature time series at 3 cells
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Upconing of fresh-salt boundary
X (m)
die
pte
(m)
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
CONC
75007000650060005500500045004000350030002500200015001000500
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Spatial planning
Increasing use of the subsurface – for:
• energy, but also • groundwater abstraction • infrastructure • In situ remediation• …
- requires 3D spatial planning
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More with ATES
Research programme on application of ATES
Advies/ontwerp WKO (thermisch)
Nieuwe concepten WKO
Onderzoek WKO (therm/bio/geochem)
WKO en saneren
monitoringstools
Fundamenteel onderzoek (WKO)
WKO, saneren (mn biologie), ecologie
Praktisch onderzoek WKO
(bio/geochem), ecologie, biodiversiteit
WKO en saneren
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Main themes and Research questions
Long term effects of ATES• What are the effects of ATES on
groundwater quantity and quality?
Protect and develop
New possibilities with ATES• Can we combine ATES with in-situ
remediation?• How can we integrate ATES in the
urban water cycle?• How do we arrive at a spatial planning
approach?
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WP2: effects of (large scale) ATES
• Piezometric head: influence on aquifer; interaction shallow-deep; seepage
• Heterogeneity: understanding transport patterns; efficiency of heat storage
• Temperature: influence on aquifer in large scale application
• Natural chemistry: influence on natural composition
• Salinization: effect on fresh-salt patterns of large installations
• Pathogene bacteria: downward transport
• Natural deep bacteria: effect
• Geomechanics: effect on ground surface, settlement
• Effects after closing down: delay time
• High temperature storage: effects and possibilities
• Multiple systems: efficiency of storage
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Interference
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Risks of interference
Legenda
Kans op interferentie
redelijk (< 25 % kans op interferentie)
groot (25-50 % kans op interferentie)
zeer groot (> 50 % kans op interferentie)
Bodemgeschiktheid (cumulatieve dikte watervoerende lagen)
informatie ontbreekt
redelijk geschikt (0 - 100 m)
geschikt (100 - 200 m)
zeer geschikt (> 200 m)
Interferentiekaart energieopslag 2030
Legenda
Kans op interferentie
redelijk (< 25 % kans op interferentie)
groot (25-50 % kans op interferentie)
zeer groot (>50 % kans op interferentie)
Bodemgeschiktheid (cumulatieve dikte watervoerende lagen)
informatie ontbreekt
redelijk geschikt (0 - 100 m)
geschikt (100 - 200 m)
zeer geschikt (> 200 m)
Interferentiekaart energieopslag 2005
Estiation of the risk of interference in 2005 and in 2030 (IF Technology)
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WP3: combining ATES with in situ remediation
• Remediative effect of continuous circulation
• Effect of pollution on ATES
• Effect of ATES on degradation
• Corrosion and clogging: design of ATES installation
• New concepts for the combination
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WP4: ATES in water and energy cycle
• Analysis of opportunities and new posibilities
• Integrating spatial planning issues, water management objectives and energy goals
• Combine groundwater, surface water, process water, etc.
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ATES …
Cooling
Heating
18 ◦C7 ◦C HE
ATES
Summer Summer
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Cooling
Heating
18 ◦C7 ◦C
HE
ATES
Summer Summer
ATES combined with surface water
Questions?