renewable energy

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Chih-Yung Wen

Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan

Office: #5832 Email:[email protected]

RENEWABLE ENERGY

TA: Chieh-Ming Chen

Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan

Office: #5908 Email: [email protected]

Outline

Introduction of energetics and Fuel cell (8 hrs, Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)

Power Management and PV Cell power system (8 hrs, Prof. Chin-E Lin)

Solar Thermal Energy (6 hrs, Prof. Keh-Chin Chang)

Wind energy (8 hrs, Prof. J.J Miau)

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Grading

1. Quiz 40%

2. Attendance 30%

3. Final exam 30%

Outline

Study the problem of energy (thermodynamics of open systems) and develop industrial applications in direct relation with the phenomena of thermal transfers and engineering sciences: in particular, thermo-solar energy conversion, photovoltaic conversion, nuclear energy, wind energy…etc.

Outline

Class note

Website:http://www.iaa.ncku.edu.tw/~cywen/co urse/energy%20tec/energtec.htm

International Energy Profile

Energy (Hinrichs & Kleinbach) 2005(White paper, Energy Technology R &D)

Humanity’s Top Ten Problems for Next 50 YearsENERGYWATERFOODENVIRONMENTPOVERTYTERRORISM & WARDISEASEEDUCATIONDEMOCRACYPOPULATION

2003 6.3 Billion People → 2050 9-10 Billion


Energy classifications: Traditional energy, Renewable energy, Hydrogen energy and Waste energy

Traditional Energy: Fossil fuel energy (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas) and Nuclear energy

Energy classifications

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

Renewable Energies Renewable energy is energy which comes

from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).

About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity.


Renewable Energies New renewables (small hydro, modern

biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapidly. The share of renewables in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables.


Renewable Energies Wind power is growing at

the rate of 30% annually, with a worldwide installed capacity of 238,000 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2011, and is widely used in Europe, Asia, and the United States.


Renewable Energies At the end of 2011,

the photovoltaic (PV) capacity worldwide was 67,000 MW, and PV power stations are popular in Germany and Italy.


Renewable Energies

Solar thermal power stations operate in the USA and Spain, and the largest of these is the 354 megawatt (MW) SEGS power plant in the Mojave Desert.


Renewable Energies The world's largest geothermal power

installation is the Geysers in California, with a rated capacity of 750 MW.

Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugarcane, and ethanol now provides 18% of the country's automotive fuel. Ethanol fuel is also widely available in the USA. eg. E5 gasoline


Renewable Energies Solar Energy (Concentrating Solar Power)

→ Solar thermal energy

→ Photovoltaic Wind Energy Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Energy Biomass Energy Ocean thermal Energy


The 1st Oil Crisis—1973~1974 Oct., 1973. Outbreak of the 4th mid-east war, ten OPEC

member countries led by Syria started the war against Israel and her supporter

Oil price surged from US$ 3.011/ barrel to US$ 10.651/barrel

The worst global economic crisis after World War II U.S. industrial production ↓ 14% ， Japan ↓ 20%


The 2nd Oil Crisis—1979~1980 The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic

Revolution, began in January 1978 with the first major demonstrations against the Shah (King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ). After strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the country and its economy, the Shah fled the country in January 1979.

Iran officially became an Islamic Republic on 1 April 1979.


580 Million barrels ↓ 100 Million barrels Oil price surged from US$ 13/ barrel to US$

34/barrel Global economic recession in 70s.


The 3rd Oil Crisis？


Supply vs. Demand

BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China


Internet (Facebook) revolution

Egypt, Libya (next?) Oil price surged from US$ 80/ barrel to US$

125/barrel

台灣能源概況


Energy Prediction

Oil

Natural

Gas

Coal

Uranium

Total Reserves(End of 2003)

11.477Hundred

Million barrels

175x1012

M3

9,844.5Hundred

Million tons

3100

K tons

Production(End of 2003)

280Hundred

Million barrels

2.6 x1012

M3

51.3Hundred

Million tons

－

Available years

41 67 192 53

IntroductionCoal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Hydro

Bio-mass

Bio-mass (Non-commercial

Solar

Others

Total

Introduction

China 2002

Energy & Environment

Energy and EnvironmentGlobal Warming

Kyoto protocol, Dec. 1-10, 1997 The Parties (39 countries) shall, individually or jointly, ensure

that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases (Carbon dioxide CO2 (55%), Methane CH4, Nitrous oxide N2O, Hydrofluorocarbons HFCs, Perfluorocarbons PFCs, Sulphur hexafluoride SF6) do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 % below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.

Energy and EnvironmentCO2 reduction

EU and East Europe countries ↓ 8 %, US ↓ 7 %, Japan, Canada, Hungary, and Poland ↓ 6 %, Australia ↑ 8 %, Iceland ↑ 10 %, Norway ↑ 1 %.

Establish “Clean Development Mechanism”

Establish “Emission Trading Scheme”

Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol

Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:

(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of

the national economy;

(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse

gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account

its commitments under relevant international environmental

agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices,

afforestation and reforestation;



(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate

change considerations;

(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of,

new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration

technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound

technologies;



(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal

incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse

gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of convention

and application of market instruments;

(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at

promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of

greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;



(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not

controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector;

(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery

and use in waste management, as well as in the production,

transport and distribution of energy;



(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate

change considerations;

(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of,

new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration

technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound

technologies;

Energy and Environment

Copenhagen Climate Submit, December 7 to 18, 2009

to create international awareness to prevent climate change and global warming, and to create a new climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol that runs out in 2012

Still no conclusive action!!


ero Carbon Emission


Fuel Cell—H2 Energy


Fossil Fuel Energy Boosting Power Plant Efficient Low Emission Boiler Systems—LEBS Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion—PFBC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle—IGCC Indirectly Fired Cycle—IFC Advanced Turbine Systems—ATS


台灣能源概況

Cost analysis (Electricity Generation)

Energy Environmental Cost Elec. Gen. Cost Total Costr

aditi

onal

E

nerg

y R

enew

able

E

nerg

y

Electricity Generation Emission

Green House Gas Emission

Energy

rad

ition

al E

nerg

y R

enew

able

E

nerg

y

Solar thermal

Photovotalic

Wind

Hydro

Bio-mass

Coal

Oil

Gas turbine combined cycle

Diesel

Nation

Japan

EU

Holland

Denmark

AustriaSweden

Germany

France

Spain

ItalyU.K.

U.S.A.

Canada

India

MexicoBrazil

China

Near-term % (year) future % (year) Elec. Gen. % (year)

Energy Saving Technologies

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC)

LED(Light-Emitting-Diode, 20-30 lighting energy efficiency c.f. Traditional light bulb, 5% lighting energy efficiency)

Green Building (Building Integrated Photo Voltaic)


LED street lamps

LED signal signs


Green Building (Building Integrated Photo Voltaic)Electrochromic Device Application


Green Magic School—Noah’s Ark

• Solar Cell Tracking

• Electro-chromic Device


Green Magic School—Noah’s Ark

Smart Grids

Conclusion

There is only one earth! Sustainable Development!


Thanks for your attention


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