renal system #1 12 - rutgers...

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Renal System #1

Introduction !!Nephron structure and functions!Filtration, reabsorption, secretion!Clearance (inulin, G, PAH, creatinine)!Micturition, control of bladder,! input / output sphincters ! ! !!

12 The goal of these lectures is to discuss basic renal physiology. This lecture will introduce the topic and discuss the concept of renal clearance. !!The sections for this lecture are:!

Life is a series of chemical reactions occurring in compartmentalized environments. The main purpose of life is to keep itself alive Physiology, the study of how life works, is based on the simultaneous occurrence of the following three concepts:

levels of organization structure / function relationship homeostatic regulation

Topic #! Topic lecture! Silverthorn!

Week 1 to week 2! Topic #1! Introduction (pre-requisite material)! 1 - 5! Pre-requisite!Material!(chapter # 5)!!!lectures, recitations, office hours, review, exam1 !(chapter # 8)!

Topic #2! Membranes (pre-requisite material)!!

1 - 5!

Topic #3! Homeostasis and Signal Transduction! 6!

Topic #4! Endocrine Communication and the Endocrine System! 7!

Topic #5! Neural Communication and the Sensory System! 8 - 11!

Topic #6! Muscle, Muscle Contraction and their Regulation! 12 - 13!

REVIEW #1 material from topic #01 – #06 !EXAM #1 material from topic #01 – #06 (33%)!!

1 - 13!1 - 13!

Week 3 to week 4! Topic #7! Basic Physiology of the Cardiovascular System! 14 - 17! lectures, recitations, review, exam2!(chapter # 7) !

Topic #8! Basic Physiology of the Respiratory System! 18!

Topic #9! Basic Physiology of the Renal System! 19 - 20!


1 - 20!1 - 20!

Week 5 to week 6! Topic #10! Basic Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System! 21 ! lectures, recitations, review, exam3!(chapter # 6)!

Topic #11! Food Intake, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Exercise! 23 - 25!

Topic #12! From Sexual Differentiation to Adult Reproduction! 26!


1 - 26!1 - 26!!

Course Outline

(all tests are cumulative)

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levels of organization!

structure!- function!

homeostatic!regulation!

Renal System (“physiology”)

integrators compare what it should be with what it actually is and generate an error signal!

central integration center

afferent efferent

negative feedback signal

Homeostatic !Control !

receptor effector

S

∑

E

Renal System (“the circle”)

sensors

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Renal System (“functions”)


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BLOOD

BLOOD

URINE

valves FF GFR

systemic blood

pressure

extrinsic control

GLOM PCT HL JGA/MD DCT CD

1 reabsorption / secretion 2 concentration

1 2 3 4 5

autoregulation ALD ADH

3 sensors 4 solute rectifier 5 water rectifier

Renal System (“overview”)

receptor S

∑

E

!

!

Basic renal regulation (lecture #13)!

Balance of Na / H2O and countercurrent mechanism!

Renal Na / K regulation, aldosterone and the RA system!

Renal H2O regulation, baro / osmo receptors and AVP!

Renal System (“lectures”) Diabetes (mellitus vs insipidus), diuretics, renal disease (lecture #13)!

Regulation of hydrogen ions and calcium ions (lecture #14)!

Hydrogen ions and homeostatic control, integration!Metabolic and respiratory acidosis/alkalosis, integration!Effectors for Ca homeostasis, sites & hormonal control !Calcium related signal transduction, bone diseases, integration!

!

Hormonal and neural control of renal function (lecture #14)!

Introduction (lecture #12)!

Nephron structure and functions!

Filtration, reabsorption and secretion!

Clearance (inulin, glucose, PAH, creatinin)!

Micturition, control of bladder input / output sphincters

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Introduction (“S / F”) Nephron structure and

functions!

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion!


Micturition, control of bladder input/ output, sphincter!

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Introduction (“S / F”)

What might be the importance of the 90° angle in the branching

of renal blood supply ???

think hematocrit, or

cellular vs plasma

components !!!





For example:

Introduction (“ S / F”)

what separates tubular urine from blood in peritubular capillaries ???

remember that a renal tubule and a

peritubular capillary are

adjacent to each other !!!





For example:

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Introduction (“nephron”) (importance

for urine concentation)

Two types of nephrons Nephron structure and

functions!




For example:

Introduction (“nephron”) Nephron structure and

functions!




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Introduction (“glomerulus”) Nephron structure and

functions!




R RBF GFR

R RBF GFR

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functions!





functions!




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Introduction (“functions”) Nephron structure and

functions!




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Introduction (“GFR”)

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Introduction (“GFR”) Nephron structure and

functions!




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Introduction (“clearance”) UxV

inulin

Px (mg%)

Inulin is filtered and excreted by the nephron but is not acted upon by

the tubules

UxV / Px (ml / min)

Cin

Px (mg%)





Introduction (“clearance”)

Inulin is filtered and excreted by the nephron but is not acted upon by

the tubules





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Introduction (“clearance”) filtered and excreted

inulin

UxV

Px (mg%)

UxV Px

Cin= 125 ml / min

C = UxV / Px GFR = Cin

GFR!

Pa!40 250 mmHg

125 ml / min

GFR remains constant throughout the normal range of arterial blood pressure (Pa in mm Hg)!

autoregulation of glomerular blood flow mantains filtration

pressure constant !





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Introduction (“clearance”) filtered and excreted

inulin

glucose

pah

filtered

reabsorbed

excreted Tm

excreted filtered

secreted

UxV

Px (mg%)

C-in

C-pah

C-glucose Px (mg%)

UxV Px

(ml / min)

C = UxV / Px GFR = Cin ERPF = Cpah ERBF = ERPF / 1-hct FF = Cin / Cpah Cx / Cin = index of renal function if <1, filt + reabsorbed if =1, filtered only if >1, filt + secreted





Introduction (“clearance”) Nephron structure and

functions!




Glucose

filtration reabsorption

excretion

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Introduction (“micturition”) Nephron structure and

functions!




Introduction (“micturition”) Nephron structure and

functions!




receptor S

∑

E

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integrators compare what it should be with what it actually is and generate an error signal!

central integration center

afferent efferent

negative feedback signal

Homeostatic !Control !

receptor effector S

∑

E

Renal System (“the circle”)

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BLOOD

BLOOD

URINE

valves FF GFR

systemic blood

pressure

extrinsic control

GLOM PCT HL JGA/MD DCT CD

1 reabsorption / secretion 2 concentration

1 2 3 4 5

autoregulation ALD ADH

3 sensors 4 solute rectifier 5 water rectifier

Renal System (“overview”)

receptor S

∑

E

renal system #1 12 - rutgers...

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