Spanish Armada

By DeLisa Goudeau

What is It?

• A vast fleet of warships• The term applied to a massive fleet

dispatched against England by Spain's Catholic King Philip II in 1588, which lead to an early and important confrontation in the nearly 20-year Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604 .

• The object of the Armada was to replace the Protestant monarch with a friendly catholic ruler.

• Between 1587 and 1588 rumors that King Philip of Spain was assembling a massive fleet to conquer England and Ireland were began to spread

• Elizabeth believed that a war situation could be avoided

• The real purpose of the Armada was to enable the army of the Duke of Parma to cross in safety from France to England and to destroy the English fleet

The History of the Spanish Armada“The start of the war”

The History Con’t• At this point food and water were

scarce and the food was rotten.• The Spanish Armada moved from

the tight mouth of the English channel confusing and defying the English.

• The English broke their formations by sending in fireships at night.

• The Spanish lost many men and ships while the English were unharmed.

• The defeat of the Armada was Queen Elizabeth’s greatest accomplishment.

After it’s all over

• Despite the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the war between England and Spain lasted until 1604.

• The defeat of the Spanish Armada nearly destroyed the national treasury of Spain.

• The defeat brought about English nationalism and assured England’s independence from Catholic countries of the Mediterranean.

• This was a major turning point in English history.

Setting of the War of the Ships

• The battle took place in 1588 in the Irish Sea

• The battle was part of the 20 years war starting in 1585 and ending in 1604.

A FLOOD OF LITERATURE

A FLOOD OF LITERATURE

William Caxton introduced the printing press to England, enabling a faster publication of books.The English were able to write with ease since they had a firmly established religion and national identity

A FLOOD OF LITERATURE

After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, most literature was a tribute to Elizabeth I.

They would depict her as Gloriana, Diana, the Faerie Queene and Cynthia in poetry, dramas and fiction.

A FLOOD OF LITERATURE

Theatre during this time seemed to greatly expand, especially with encouragement from the Queen. William Shakespeare is an example.

Decline of the Renaissance

A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman

James VI of Scotland

♠ Elizabeth I’s second cousin

♠ Son of Mary Queens of Scots

♠ Became James I of England

♠ Reigned from 1603 to 1625

Family FeudJames I

♠ Inability to resolve (postpone) critical issues. Ex: religious and economic

♠ Spendthrift♠ Thick-tongued &

goggle-eyed♠ Foreigner to England

Elizabeth I

♠ Ability to resolve (postpone) critical issues.

♠ Thrifty

♠ Glamorous & witty

♠ Englishwoman

James I trying so hard…♠ Wrote books supporting the divine

right of kings and against tobacco♠ Patronized Shakespeare♠ Sponsored new translation of the

Bible♠ Bad relationship w/ subjects (pious,

puritanically minded merchants)♠ Somehow described as an

admirable man and benevolent, peaceful ruler.

Charles I

♠ James I’s son

♠ Reigned from 1625 to 1649

♠ Remote

♠ Autocratic

♠ Self-destructive

♠ Beheaded in 1649 by most powerful subjects

Oliver Cromwell

♠ Puritan dictator who ruled England (along with Parliament)

♠ Reigned from 1649 to 1660

Return of the King: Charles II

♠ Son of Charles I♠ Self-indulgent♠ Came back in 1660

from being exiled in France

♠ His return usually marks the end of the English Renaissance

End of the Renaissance

♠ End of moral and religious values

♠ Educated people became more worldly in their outlook

♠ Scientific truths were soon to challenge long-accepted religious beliefs

Elizabeth I

• Nickname:

Good Queen Bess

• Born to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

Mary Queen of Scots

• Married at age 16 to Dauphin Francis of France, who was 14

• Tried to assassinate her sister multiple times

James I• Ruled Scotland for

58 years• Ruled England for

22 years• Happy to rule

England to get away from all the bloody murder in Scotland

• One of the reasons the pilgrims came to America

• Died from a stroke

Charles I

• Had many unsuccessful attempts at marriage arrangements

• Married a 15 year-old

JEWISH LIFE IN

ENGLAND

JEWISH LIFE IN ENGLAND

Since Edward I expelled most of the Jews in 1290 over a land ownership dispute, there weren’t many left.

There was some relief for them when Oliver Crowell was ruling

JEWISH LIFE IN ENGLAND

Most thought of the Jews as greedy, seen in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.

The character Shylock was a Jew, who was cruel and greedy.

JEWISH LIFE IN ENGLAND

The Jews were continually persecuted and had to live in ghettos and move from city to city.