Remote Sensing of Urban Landscape

Lecture 11

November 10, 2004

Urban remote sensing users

Zoning regulation Commerce and economic development Tax assessor Transportation and utilities Parks, recreation, and tourism Emergency management Real Estate Developers Water systems

Zoning regulation Commerce and economic development Tax assessor Transportation and utilities Parks, recreation, and tourism Emergency management Real Estate Developers Water systems

Example: stages of development

19941994

19961996

Sun City – Hilton Head

Sun City – Hilton Head

19741974

1,040 urban1,040 urbanhectareshectares

19941994

3,263 urbanhectares

315% increase

19741974

1,040 urban1,040 urbanhectareshectares

19941994

3,263 urbanhectares

315% increase

Minimum Resolution Requirements

Attributes Temporal Spatial Spectral

Land Use/Land Cover

L1 - USGS Level I

L2 - USGS Level II

L3 - USGS Level III

L4 - USGS Level IV

5 - 10 years

5 - 10 years

3 - 5 years

1 - 3 years

20 - 100 m

5 - 20 m

1 - 5 m

0.25 - 1 m

V-NIR-MIR-Radar

V-NIR-MIR-Radar

Pan-V-NIR-MIR

Panchromatic

Building and Property Infrastructure

B1 - building perimeter, area, height and cadastral

information (property lines)

1 - 5 years 0.25 - 0.5 m Pan-Visible

Transportation Infrastructure

T1 - general road centerline

T2 - precise road width

T3 - traffic count studies (cars, airplanes, etc.)

T4 - parking studies

1 - 5 years

1 - 2 years

5 - 10 min

10 - 60 min

1 - 30 m

0.25 - 0.5 m

0.25 - 0.5 m

0.25 - 0.5 m

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V

Pan-V

Pan-V

Utility Infrastructure

U1 - general utility line mapping and routing

U2 - precise utility line width, right-of-way

U3 - location of poles, manholes, substations

1 - 5 years

1 - 2 years

1 - 2 years

1 - 30 m

0.25 - 0.6 m

0.25 - 0.6 m

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-Visible

Panchromatic

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Creation

D1 - large scale DEM

D2 - large scale slope map

5 - 10 years

5 - 10 years

0.25 - 0.5 m

0.25 - 0.5 m

Pan-Visible

Pan-Visible

Socioeconomic Characteristics

S1 - local population estimation

S2 - regional/national population estimation

S3 - quality of life indicators

5 - 7 years

5 - 15 years

5 - 10 years

0.25 - 5 m

5 - 20 m

0.25 - 30 m

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR

Energy Demand and Conservation

E1 - energy demand and production potential

E2 - building insulation surveys

1 - 5 years

1 - 5 years

0.25 - 1 m

1 - 5 m

Pan-V-NIR

TIR

Meteorological Data

M1 - weather prediction

M2 - current temperature

M3 - clear air and precipitation mode

M4 - severe weather mode

M5 - monitoring urban heat island effect

3 - 25 min

3 - 25 min

6 - 10 min

5 min

12 - 24 hr

1 - 8 km

1 - 8 km

1 km

1 km

5 - 30 m

V-NIR-TIR

TIR

WSR-88D Radar

WSR-88D Radar

TIR

Critical Environmental Area Assessment

C1 - stable sensitive environments

C2 - dynamic sensitive environments

1 - 2 years

1 - 6 months

1 - 10 m

0.25 - 2 m

V-NIR-MIR

V-NIR-MIR-TIR

Disaster Emergency Response

DE1 - pre-emergency imagery

DE2 - post-emergency imagery

DE3 - damaged housing stock

DE4 - damaged transportation

DE5 - damaged utilities, services

1 - 5 years

12 hr - 2 days

1 - 2 days

1 - 2 days

1 - 2 days

1 - 5 m

0.25 - 2 m

0.25 - 1 m

0.25 - 1 m

0.25 - 1 m

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR-Radar

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR

Minimum Resolution Requirements

Attributes Temporal Spatial Spectral

Land Use/Land Cover

L1 - USGS Level I

L2 - USGS Level II

L3 - USGS Level III

L4 - USGS Level IV

5 - 10 years

5 - 10 years

3 - 5 years

1 - 3 years

20 - 100 m

5 - 20 m

1 - 5 m

0.25 - 1 m

V-NIR-MIR-Radar

V-NIR-MIR-Radar

Pan-V-NIR-MIR

Panchromatic

Building and Property Infrastructure

B1 - building perimeter, area, height and cadastral

information (property lines)

1 - 5 years 0.25 - 0.5 m Pan-Visible

Transportation Infrastructure

T1 - general road centerline

T2 - precise road width

T3 - traffic count studies (cars, airplanes, etc.)

T4 - parking studies

1 - 5 years

1 - 2 years

5 - 10 min

10 - 60 min

1 - 30 m

0.25 - 0.5 m

0.25 - 0.5 m

0.25 - 0.5 m

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V

Pan-V

Pan-V

Utility Infrastructure

U1 - general utility line mapping and routing

U2 - precise utility line width, right-of-way

U3 - location of poles, manholes, substations

1 - 5 years

1 - 2 years

1 - 2 years

1 - 30 m

0.25 - 0.6 m

0.25 - 0.6 m

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-Visible

Panchromatic

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Creation

D1 - large scale DEM

D2 - large scale slope map

5 - 10 years

5 - 10 years

0.25 - 0.5 m

0.25 - 0.5 m

Pan-Visible

Pan-Visible

Socioeconomic Characteristics

S1 - local population estimation

S2 - regional/national population estimation

S3 - quality of life indicators

5 - 7 years

5 - 15 years

5 - 10 years

0.25 - 5 m

5 - 20 m

0.25 - 30 m

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR

Energy Demand and Conservation

E1 - energy demand and production potential

E2 - building insulation surveys

1 - 5 years

1 - 5 years

0.25 - 1 m

1 - 5 m

Pan-V-NIR

TIR

Meteorological Data

M1 - weather prediction

M2 - current temperature

M3 - clear air and precipitation mode

M4 - severe weather mode

M5 - monitoring urban heat island effect

3 - 25 min

3 - 25 min

6 - 10 min

5 min

12 - 24 hr

1 - 8 km

1 - 8 km

1 km

1 km

5 - 30 m

V-NIR-TIR

TIR

WSR-88D Radar

WSR-88D Radar

TIR

Critical Environmental Area Assessment

C1 - stable sensitive environments

C2 - dynamic sensitive environments

1 - 2 years

1 - 6 months

1 - 10 m

0.25 - 2 m

V-NIR-MIR

V-NIR-MIR-TIR

Disaster Emergency Response

DE1 - pre-emergency imagery

DE2 - post-emergency imagery

DE3 - damaged housing stock

DE4 - damaged transportation

DE5 - damaged utilities, services

1 - 5 years

12 hr - 2 days

1 - 2 days

1 - 2 days

1 - 2 days

1 - 5 m

0.25 - 2 m

0.25 - 1 m

0.25 - 1 m

0.25 - 1 m

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR-Radar

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR

Pan-V-NIR

Urban/Suburban Attributes Urban/Suburban Attributes and the Minimum Remote and the Minimum Remote

Sensing Resolutions Sensing Resolutions Required to Provide Such Required to Provide Such

InformationInformation

Urban/Suburban Attributes Urban/Suburban Attributes and the Minimum Remote and the Minimum Remote

Sensing Resolutions Sensing Resolutions Required to Provide Such Required to Provide Such

InformationInformation

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

Land Use /Land Cover Land Use /Land Cover

Relationship between sensor system spatial resolution and land use/land cover class

Relationship between sensor system spatial resolution and land use/land cover class

0.3

0.5

1

3

10

30

50

80

Land Cover Class (level)

5

I IIIII IV

20

4

2

0.3

0.5

1

3

10

30

50

80

Land Cover Class (level)

5

I IIIII IV

20

4

2

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

L1 - USGS Level I 5 - 10 years 20 - 100 mL2 - USGS Level II 5 - 10 years 5 - 15 m L3 - USGS Level III 3 - 5 years 1 - 5 mL4 - USGS Level IV 1 - 3 years 0.3 - 1 m

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

L1 - USGS Level I 5 - 10 years 20 - 100 mL2 - USGS Level II 5 - 10 years 5 - 15 m L3 - USGS Level III 3 - 5 years 1 - 5 mL4 - USGS Level IV 1 - 3 years 0.3 - 1 m

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

Building and Cadastral (Property Line) Infrastructure

Building and Cadastral (Property Line) Infrastructure

Derived from 0.3 x 0.3 m (1 x 1 ft.) spatial resolution stereoscopic, panchromatic aerial photography

Derived from 0.3 x 0.3 m (1 x 1 ft.) spatial resolution stereoscopic, panchromatic aerial photography

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

B1 - building perimeter, area, volume, height 1 - 2 years 0.3 - 0.5 mB2 - cadastral mapping (property lines) 1 - 6 mo 0.3 - 0.5 m

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

B1 - building perimeter, area, volume, height 1 - 2 years 0.3 - 0.5 mB2 - cadastral mapping (property lines) 1 - 6 mo 0.3 - 0.5 m

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

Transportation InfrastructureTransportation Infrastructure

Irmo, S.C. TIGER road network updated using SPOT 10 x 10 m data Irmo, S.C. TIGER road network updated using SPOT 10 x 10 m data

Bridge assessment using high resolution oblique photography

Bridge assessment using high resolution oblique photography

Parking/traffic studies require high spatial/temporal resolution

Parking/traffic studies require high spatial/temporal resolution

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

T1 - general road centerline 1 - 5 years 1 - 10 mT2 - precise road width 1 - 2 years 0.3 - 0.5 m T3 - traffic count studies (cars, planes etc.) 5 - 10 min 0.3 - 0.5 mT4 - parking studies 10 - 60 min 0.3 - 0.5 m

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

T1 - general road centerline 1 - 5 years 1 - 10 mT2 - precise road width 1 - 2 years 0.3 - 0.5 m T3 - traffic count studies (cars, planes etc.) 5 - 10 min 0.3 - 0.5 mT4 - parking studies 10 - 60 min 0.3 - 0.5 m

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

Utility InfrastructureUtility Infrastructure

West Berlin, Germany (1:3,000). Utility companies often digitize the location of every pole, manhole, transmission

line and the facilities associated with each.

West Berlin, Germany (1:3,000). Utility companies often digitize the location of every pole, manhole, transmission

line and the facilities associated with each.

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

U1 - general utility centerline 1 - 5 years 1 - 2 mU2 - precise utility line width 1 - 2 years 0.3 - 0.6 m U3 - locate poles, manholes, substations 1 - 2 years 0.3 - 0.6 m

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

U1 - general utility centerline 1 - 5 years 1 - 2 mU2 - precise utility line width 1 - 2 years 0.3 - 0.6 m U3 - locate poles, manholes, substations 1 - 2 years 0.3 - 0.6 m

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

Digital Elevation Model CreationDigital Elevation Model Creation

Urban DEMs are usually created from high spatial resolution data. The DEM and orthophoto of Columbia, SC were produced from 1:6,000

stereoscopic photography using soft-copy photogrammetric techniques.

Urban DEMs are usually created from high spatial resolution data. The DEM and orthophoto of Columbia, SC were produced from 1:6,000

stereoscopic photography using soft-copy photogrammetric techniques.

Original Panchromatic Aerial Photograph Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Orthophoto Draped Over DEM

Cellular Transciever Location Model

Observation point

Original Panchromatic Aerial Photograph Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Orthophoto Draped Over DEM

Cellular Transciever Location Model

Observation point

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 104 2 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

2 3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 104 2 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

2 3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

Critical Environmental Area AssessmentCritical Environmental Area Assessment

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

C1 - stable sensitive environments 1 - 2 years 1 - 10 mC2 - dynamic sensitive environments 1 - 6 months 0.5 - 5 m

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

C1 - stable sensitive environments 1 - 2 years 1 - 10 mC2 - dynamic sensitive environments 1 - 6 months 0.5 - 5 m

Sun City, S.C.Digitized NAPPJan. 22, 19942.5 x 2.5 m(0.7 - 0.9 m)

Sun City, S.C.Digitized NAPPJan. 22, 19942.5 x 2.5 m(0.7 - 0.9 m)

CAMS Band 6Sept. 23, 19962.5 x 2.5 m(0.7 - 0.69 m)

CAMS Band 6Sept. 23, 19962.5 x 2.5 m(0.7 - 0.69 m)

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

0.2 1.0 2 3 5 10 2 3 5 102 103 1042 3 5 2 3 5

10

102

103

104

2

3

5

8

23

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

2

3

5

9 day

1 day

1 hr

30 min

10 min

1 m 10 30 100 m 1 km

1000 m 5 km 10 km

12 hr

8105

8

8

8

.8.5

3 day

2 day

4 day

5 min

3 min

532

2

3

58

106

1 year

23

5

8107

5 year

10 year

15 20

4 8

26 day

44 day 55 day

Ground Doppler Radar

4 x 4 km

METEOSAT VISIR 2.5 x 2.5 km

TIR 5 x 5 km

NOAA AVHRR LAC 1.1 x 1.1 km

GAC 4 x 4 km

JERS-1 MSS 18 x 24 Radar 18 x 18

Aerial Photography 0.3 x 0.3 m (0.98 x 0.98 ft.) 1 x 1 m (3.281 x 3.281 ft.)

RADARSAT 11 x 9

100 x 100

MODIS* Land 0.25 x 0.25 km Land 0.50 x 0.50 km

Ocean 1 x 1 km Atmo 1 x 1 km TIR 1 x 1 km

EOSAT/Space Imaging IKONOS (1998)

Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

IRS-P5 (1999) Pan 2.5 x 2.5

ORBIMAGE

OrbView 3 (1999) Pan 1 x 1 MSS 4 x 4

22 day 16 day

IRS-1 AB LISS-1 72.5 x 72.5

LISS-2 36.25 x 36.25 IRS-1C

Pan 5.8 x 5.8 LISS-3 23 x 23; MIR 70 x 70

2 year

100,000 min

1,000 min

10,000 min

100 min

5 day

3 year4 year

30 day

180 day

B2

T3

C1

U1

15 yearS2

DE1, E2

T4

M3

M4

0.3

LANDSAT 4,5 MSS 79 x 79 TM 30 x 30

LANDSAT 7 (1998) Pan 15 x 15

EarthWatch Earlybird (1998)

Pan 3 x 3 MSS 15 x 15

Quickbird (1998) 0.82 x 0.82 3.28 x 3.28

C2

M1

M2

GOES VIS 0.9 X 0.9 km TIR 8.0 X 8.0 km

E1

LIVB1T2U2

U3

DE2

DE3 DE4 DE5

D1 D2S3 S1

M5

T1

LILII

SPOT HRV 1,2,3 and 4 (1998) Pan 10 x10

MSS 20 x 20 SPOT HRG (2002)

Pan 3 x 3; 5 x 5 (not shown) MSS 10 x 10; MIR 20 x 20

LIII

1 m0.3 5 100 m10 20

Meteorological DataMeteorological Data

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

M1 - daily weather prediction 30 min - 12 hr 1 - 8 kmM2 - current temperature 30 min - 1 hr 1 - 8 kmM3 - current precipitation 10 min - 30 min 4 x 4 kmM4 - immediate severe storm warning 5 min - 10 min 4 x 4 kmM5 - monitoring urban heat islands 12 - 24 hr 5 x 10 m

Temporal Spatial Resolution Resolution

M1 - daily weather prediction 30 min - 12 hr 1 - 8 kmM2 - current temperature 30 min - 1 hr 1 - 8 kmM3 - current precipitation 10 min - 30 min 4 x 4 kmM4 - immediate severe storm warning 5 min - 10 min 4 x 4 kmM5 - monitoring urban heat islands 12 - 24 hr 5 x 10 m

GOES East image of Hurricane Hugo 2:44 p.m. EDT Sept. 21, 1989GOES East image of Hurricane Hugo 2:44 p.m. EDT Sept. 21, 1989

Remote sensing quality of living indicators

Quality of living indicators such as house value, median family income, average number of rooms, average rent, education, and income can be estimated by extracting the following variables from high spatial resolution panchromatic and/or color imagery (Lindgren, 1985; Lo, 1986; 1995; Haack et al., 1997):

• building size (sq. ft.) • lot size (acreage)• existence of a pool (sq. ft.) • vacant lots per city block• frontage (sq. ft.) • distance house is set-back from street• existence of driveways • existence of garages• number of autos visible • paved streets (%)• street width (ft.)• health of the landscaping (vegetation index signature)• proximity to manufacturing and/or retail activity.

Quality of living indicators such as house value, median family income, average number of rooms, average rent, education, and income can be estimated by extracting the following variables from high spatial resolution panchromatic and/or color imagery (Lindgren, 1985; Lo, 1986; 1995; Haack et al., 1997):

• building size (sq. ft.) • lot size (acreage)• existence of a pool (sq. ft.) • vacant lots per city block• frontage (sq. ft.) • distance house is set-back from street• existence of driveways • existence of garages• number of autos visible • paved streets (%)• street width (ft.)• health of the landscaping (vegetation index signature)• proximity to manufacturing and/or retail activity.

Remote sensing assisted population estimation

Population estimation can be performed at the local, regional, and national level based on (Lo, 1995; Haack et al., 1997): counts of individual dwelling units, measurement of land areas, land use classification, imagery must be of sufficient spatial resolution (0.3 - 5

m) to identify individual structures even through tree cover and whether they are residential, commercial, or industrial buildings;

some estimate of the average number of persons per dwelling unit must be available, and

it is assumed all dwelling units are occupied.

Automatic building counts