REMOTE SENSING APPROACHES FOR FOREST AND STEPPE FIRE MONITORING

IN MONGOLIA

Joint NASA LCLUC Science Team meeting and GOFC-GOLD/NERIN, NEESPI, MAIRS Workshop

M. Erdenetuya (PhD) ICC/NRSC of Mongolia

16 – 21 September 2009, Almaty, Kazakhstan

OUTLINES:

Historical dates of Remote sensing activities in Mongolia

Objectives of NGIC project and its component

Fire detection technologies

Active fire detection

Burnt area estimation

Fire frequency analysis

Fire statistical data analysis

Conclusions

Joint NASA LCLUC Science Team meeting and GOFC-GOLD/NERIN, NEESPI, MAIRS Workshop

1970.12.05ESSA-8, NOAA-4-8APT (analog)manual (photo processing)

1987-11-25-1995

Multispectral, Digital-> NOAA9, NOAA10, NOAA11PDP-11/34, NOVA-4, 2PAAC -> IDRISI, PCI

1

2

Historical dates of NRSC:First Receiving antenna

Center for Satellite Data Receiving & Processing

Second Receiving antenna/Digital

Techniques: PC-QUORUM

Software: QTRACK, SPARK, VxEos, PCI, ENVI, ERDAS Imagine

Products: Natural Resources monitoring: Land cover classification, change detection,pasture, vegetation, forest, surface waterNatural disaster monitoring: drought, desertification, snow, dzud (harsh winter),

forest and steppe fires, dust storms. OVER the YEAR!!!

1995 – 2007:NOAA series, SEASTAR

3 May, November 2007 – recent :

Antenna: 2.4m – X-band TERRA/AQUA MODIS, L-band HRPT, 3.0m – FY-2C

Satellites: TERRA, AQUA, NOAA15, NOAA17, NOAA18, FY-1D & FY-2C (GMS)

4

Historical dates of NRSC/NGIC:

Responsibilities of the NRSC:

Receiving and processing data from satellites, NOAA series, TERRA and AQUA/MODIS and FY-2C/2D GMSGenerating the products, servicing to the policy makers and end users.

Daily based:Cloud, Forest and steppe fire, Dust

10 daily based:NDVI, Biomass, Drought, Snow

Research:Land cover classification maps (forest & surface water)

RS products:

NGIC project

Dutch Government funded and the Mongolian Ministry of Nature and Environment implemented the program “National Geoinformation center for Natural Resources Management (NGIC)”commenced in December 2006 aims at macro level environmental decision and policy making.

To establish medium spatial and high temporal resolution Remote Sensing based Early Warning and Decision Support Systems to support Environmental Management in Mongolia

Component 2, NGIC

FY-2C & MODIS receiver, 2007

Component 3, NGIC

To establish Web based National Environmental Database, Meta database, Statistical database, GeoInformation Database,Web Map Services Using Open Source Software

Satellite data and products

Satellite data: NOAA – KLM, NOAA18, AVHRR Receiving station: established in 1988

renovated in 1995Receiving Antenna: 1.2m diameterReceiving Software: QTRACKPre-processing Software: SPARK (by NASA)Output from SPARK: L0, L1B, L2, L3

Fire Detection Technology:L3 -> re-georeferencing in PCINOAA/Band combination RGB: 3, 2, 1 in ENVI

• temperature interpretation• visual interpretation of haze and smog• location determining• dynamic analyzing• dimension estimating• burnt area calculating• mapping• serving to all organizations

hard copy, website, soft copy via VSAT

Fire Detection/NOAA

1996

Satellite data: TERRA/MODIS, AQUA/MODISReceiving station: established in November 2007

Receiving Antenna: 2.4m diameterReceiving Software: VxEosPre-processing Software: VxEos (by eOsphere, UK)Outputs from raw: L0, L1B, L2, L3

Fire Detection Technology:L3 -> Re-georeferencing in MRTMODIS/ Band combination RGB: 21, 1, 2 in ENVI/ERDAS

• temperature interpretation• visual interpretation of haze and smog• location determining• dynamic analyzing• dimension estimating• burnt area calculating• mapping• serving to all organizations

hard copy, website, soft copy via VSAT

Fire Detection/MODIS

2007

Forest and Steppe FiresActive fires detection technology:

by NOAA satellites

RGB: 3,2,1Composite image

Active fire: redSmog: blueBurnt area: dark red

ACTIVE FIRE SOURCE:CH3 > 45oCCH1 (CH2) = 6 – 12

BURNT AREA:CH3 > 35 – 45oCCH1(CH2) = 3 – 6

13-Apr-2008

Night Time: 03:20

Russia

Dornod aimag

18-Apr-2008

Active fires detection technology:by NOAA data

Forest and Steppe Fires

18-Apr-2008Day Time: 14:58

Russia

Dornod aimag

Active fires detection technology:by MODIS data

Forest and Steppe Fires

NOAA 18 =1km

13-Apr-2008Time: 04:34Size = 69x 25km

13-Apr-2008Time: 04:45Size = 64x22 km

MODIS/Terra = 250m

64 km

69 km

Russia

Russia

23-Apr-2008Time: 05:45 Hec = 67415

Russia

NOAA 18 =1km

23-Apr-2008Time: 05:17 Hec = 47387

Russia

MODIS=250m

Terra MODIS data -MOD14 standard product (Hot spots)

Terra MODIS data MOD14 standard product just shows hot spots: location, temperature and percentage of risk (possiblity).

Forest and Steppe FiresProduct of MODIS:MOD14Hot spot’s location

Active fires detection technology:by MODIS data 18-May-2008

Day Time: 14:58

R = band21/7G = band1 B = band2

Composite image

Forest and Steppe FiresActive fires detection technology:

by MODIS data18-May-2008Day Time: 14:58

Russia

Burnt area by NOAA

Burnt area by NOAA

Burnt area by NOAA

Burnt area of 2008

Burnt area

Steppe burnt area

Forest burnt area

Legend

Fire frequency from 1996 - 2000

58%26%

13%3% 0%

1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years

Fire frequency from 2001 - 2005

88%

0%12%

1 year 2 years 3 years

Burnt area frequency analysis

16% 3-5 years

12% 2-3 years

Burnt area frequency analysis

26 % of total burnt area – more than 3 years

Fire frequency map, 1996 - 2007

Maximum frequent fire – 7 years

Fire Statistics, 1963 – 2008Maximum number of fires:1996 – 415 firesTrend: slightly decreasing

Maximum burnt area:1997 – 12’440’000 haTrend: increasing

MNE

NEMA and others

All aimags

Operative Service by Forest and Steppe Fire Information

• by existing VSAT network of ICC• by internet using Web sites• by FTP

Web sites:www.icc.mnwww.mne-ngic.mn

• by phone call• by internet using Web sites• by hard copy

• by phone call• by internet using Web sites• by hard copy

• Bulletin (IMH)

Website:www.icc.mn Mongolia from satellites Products

Satellite data dissemination:http://www.icc.mn/

FY-2D & MODIS products:

Fire maps

MODIS image – 250 m

Satellite data dissemination:http://www.icc.mn/

MODIS fire products:

Satellite data dissemination:http://www.icc.mn/pro/modisfire.html

Daily fire map

Total burnt area map

Fire occurrence statistics

Satellite data dissemination:http://geodata.mne-ngic.mn/

Metadata

WMS serviceDisaster Information Systems

WMS serviceFire Information Systems

http://geodata.mne-ngic.mn:8008/fireinfo/

Conclusions

1. The active fire detection and burnt area mapping technologies

have been implementing and upgrading year by year

(NOAA&MODIS) and servicing to the related ministries,

agencies and other organizations are being operationalized.

2. Needed further cooperation with regional and neighboring

countries and involve in international programmes and projects.

Thank you for your attention!