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8/6/2019 Remote Sensing Alcantar-1

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Presented by: Vanessa Alcantar

Geography 299E

Dr. Gillespie

May 31, 2011


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Abstract:

Several data sources are used to analyze the condition of protectedparks near Managua, Nicaragua. Landsat images from the year

2002 and 2011 are downloaded from the USGS Global

Visualization Viewer in order to analyze vegetation change. NDVI

and Classifications are created using ENVI to detect any vegetation

change. Fire data collected from FIRMs is obtained to get an ideaof how many fires occurred in the nature reserves in past 9 years.

Population is analyzed and obtained from landscan. Its purpose was

to get an idea of which parts of Nicaragua are most

populated/urbanized. A vegetation cover map is obtained from

globcover, vegetation analysis of the pacific region. Lastly, there isa modis vegetation index map from the year 2000. The map

displays the amount of trees, herbaceous, and bare land.


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Introduction:Nicaragua is located in central America. Its capital Managua is in the

pacific region and is one of the most populated regions in the entire

country. The national language is Spanish. Nicaragua is known for thelargest tropical rain forest north of Amazonia, the most extensive sea grass

pastures in the Western Hemisphere, the widest continental shelf, and

stretch of coral reefs in the Caribbean, the longest river, largest lakes,

richest volcanic soils, and least populous territory in Central America

(Nietshmann 1990). The nature parks consist of such diversity of plants,

animals, and natural geographic features. Park reserves are currently facing

several threats which are: production of fruits, vegetables, coca, ornamental

plants, forest products, livestock, specialty coffee, and dairy

(Weaver,Lombrano,Sanchez 2). Nicaraguas protected parks are not

actually protected. Nicaragua has two other corridors that are less well

known: a rainforest to dry forest (rainfall) gradient along the southern

border, and a lowland rainforest to cloud forest (altitudinal) gradient in the

north central area (Weaver,Lombrano,Sanchez 4).


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Political Map of Nicaragua


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Data Analysis Methods:

The primary methods of analysis included NDVI andclassifying a band into intervals, then assigning each interval toa color (Campbell 153). The NDVI (Normalized DifferenceVegetation Index) estimates how healthy vegetation is in aregion. Data from landscan, globCover, Firms fire mapper, andIUCN Reserves were also obtained in this analysis. ENVI wasthe primary application used for analysis


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Site:

The main focus on this project was to analyze the parkreserves near the Managua, one of most urbanizedregions in the country.

Below is map of the region obtained from Google:


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Landsat Images in RGB:

2002 2011

Bands 3-2-1

P k R N Th Si


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Park Reserves Near The Site

Estero Real Sistema Lagunar de Tisma

Cerro Tisey Cerro Quiabuc

Tespesomoto Mesa de Moropotente

Cerro Guabule

Volcan Yali Cordillera Dipilto y Jalapa

Cerro Kilambe Estero Padre

Cerro El Diablo


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Results

P l ti


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Population :

The Population surrounding the parks are dense, depicted in orange

and burgundy. This population data from land scan and was

produced in 2008. The current population is increasing by 1.85%

per year (CIA). This then means that more land is needed for a

growing population


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Vegetation:


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Vegetation Continued

There are two primary vegetation located in

the pacific region are:

20-50% Grasslands/scrubland/Mosaic forest.

30% Mosaic Cropland

Less 15 % Herbaceous vegetation(grassland,

savanna, or lichen/mosses)


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Landsat Images Before Analysis

Bands 4-3-22002 2011

Repaired the 2011 image using

the repair bad value tool in ENVI.

There no longer any lines


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NDVI

2002 2011

Abundance of vegetation can be seen in the light pixels . Darker

pixel are an absence of vegetation. There is a drastic change in2011 compared to 2002.


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Vegetation Class

2002 2011

Red:32.4 % represents Vegetation

Green: 23.4% represents Bare LandRed: 25.7% Vegetation

Green: 33.1% Represents Bare Land


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Vegetation Modis Map

General vegetation distribution in reserves. In the pacific about 90%

of the land is herbaceous in the year 2000.


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General Fire map of ALL Fires

Fires Mapped by Brightness


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Fires Mapped by Brightness

There have been a total of approx. 4,200 fires in all the Nicaraguan

park reserves. The parks located near Managua have experienced

approx 1,000 fires. Most of the main cause of these fires are because

of the dry season. The brightness of these fires are measure in Kelvin.


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Conclusion/Discussion

Vegetation is decreasing at a low rate since 2002 due tourbanization and poor enforcement of park reserve laws. All the parks in the area of interest are in category 4, managednature reserve/wildlife sanctuary (IUCN).

There are currently 78 vulnerable/endangered species due to habitatloss. It is important to keep preserving these areas in order to preventflora and fauna extinction or endangerment.Species in these areas are unique because of the unique position

between the Neartic and Neotropic Nicaragua is located in(Gillespie163).There are currently forest land owners that have been launchingconservation projects based on ecotourism.


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List of Endangered Species


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List Continued


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List Continued


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End of List


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Sources

Campbell, J.B. "Introduction to Remote Sensing," 3rd ed., Taylor &

Francis, p. 153

Gillespie, Thomas. 2001. Patterns of Vertebrate Species Richness and

Conservation in Nicaragua. 163

Nietschmann, B. 1990. Conservation by conflict in Nicaragua. Natural

History 11;42-48.Weaver, Lombrano, Sanchez. 2003. Biodiversity, and Tropical Forest

Conservation, Protection and Management in Nicaragua: Assessment and

Recommendations.

IUCN Species Redlist

CIA World Fact Book-Nicaragua


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Gracias!

Estero Real nature reserve, known for sea turtle nesting.

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