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DIDATTICA WEB Lingua Inglese 1 LLEM

Bacheca e Files 1

WELCOME TO WELCOME TO LINGUA INGLESE 1LINGUA INGLESE 1

- Modulo 1- 20 lessons- written exam (1 hr)- esonero in December or exams in June, September,

January

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2011-12 LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo A/B2011-12 LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo A/BIntroduction to English LinguisticsIntroduction to English Linguisticsprof. Hugo Bowlesprof. Hugo Bowles

Lesson 3

What is English linguistics 3

Linguistics quiz – n.1Linguistics quiz – n.1

Who speaks standard English?a. english peopleb. americansc. australiansd. all three of thesee. all three of these and othersf. none of these

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Linguistics quiz – n.2Linguistics quiz – n.2

“no people = no meanings”

Yes or no?5

Linguistics quiz – n.3Linguistics quiz – n.3 “Animals cannot understand languages”

Yes or no?

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Linguistics quiz – n.4Linguistics quiz – n.4 Who might say “I wented”?

a. a. a small english child

b. b. an Italian student of English

c. c. an american from Louisiana

d. d. all of these

e. e. none of these

Yes or no?7

A. DEFINITIONS & AREASA. DEFINITIONS & AREAS

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DEFINITION AREA

The study of how you learn your mother tongue

LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

The study of language and the mind

COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS

The study of language and society

SOCIOLINGUISTICS

The study of how we communicate as a species

ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS

Linguistics quiz – n.5Linguistics quiz – n.5

The same person can be a “terrorist” and a "freedom fighter”. Yes or no?

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Linguistics quiz – n.6Linguistics quiz – n.6

“I scream” has the same sound as

“ice cream”

Yes or no?

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Linguistics quiz – n.7Linguistics quiz – n.7

“A single letter means a lot”.

Yes or no?11

Linguistics quiz – n.8Linguistics quiz – n.8

xt xs pxssxblx tx xndxrstxnd whxt I xm wrxtxng xvxn xf x rxplxcx xll thx vxwxls wxth xn x

Yes or no?

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Linguistics quiz – n.9Linguistics quiz – n.9

“English does not have a future tense”

Yes or no?

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Linguistics quiz – n.10Linguistics quiz – n.10

There are three words in this sentence ………

Yes or no?

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B. DEFINITIONS & AREASB. DEFINITIONS & AREAS

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DEFINITION AREA

The study of sound patterns in languages

PHONOLOGY

The study of the sounds of speech PHONETICS

The study of the structure of words

MORPHOLOGY

The study of rules governing language use

PRAGMATICS

The study of word meaning LEXICAL SEMANTICS

The study of how language is used PRAGMATICS

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Structure UsePragmatics

Meaning (semantics)GrammarMedium of

Transmission

Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Lexicon Discourse

Structure of Spoken Language (from Crystal 1997)

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What you will studyWhat you will study

Phonetics and PhonologyMorphology and SyntaxSemantics

Pragmatics – Lingua 2 and 3

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PhoneticsPhonetics

Study of the sounds of SpeechArticulatoryAcousticExperimental

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PhonologyPhonology

The study of the sound patterns in languagesPhonemes (vowels and consonants)Prosody (stress, rhythm and intonation)

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MorphologyMorphology

The study of the structure of words

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SyntaxSyntax

The study of the ways in which words combine into units such as Phrase, Clause and Sentence

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SemanticsSemantics

The study of the meaning of words and sentences, their denotations, connotations, implications and ambiguities

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PragmaticsPragmatics

The analysis of language as it is used. It includes discourse analysis and

conversation analysis which you will study in years 2 and 3

Phonetics and phonologyPhonetics and phonology

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What is the difference between phonetics What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?and phonology?

Phonology deals with the sound systems languages

Phonetics deals with the physical realisation of the elements of the sound system, e.g. how the sound is physically produced (articulatory phonetics), or the acoustic characteristics of the speech sound (acoustic phonetics)

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Why study phonetics and Why study phonetics and phonology?phonology?

Of particular importance for learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) because it has a practical application

English has a far larger repertory of phonemes than languages like Standard Italian

English is not a phonographic language, i.e. spelling generally does give a clear indication of pronunciation

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Standard British English v. Standard British English v. Standard ItalianStandard Italian

English Italian

Pure Vowels 12 7 (5)

Diphthongs 8 4

Consonants 24 19

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English is not a phonographic English is not a phonographic languagelanguage

Many sounds have several different spellings, e.g. go, though, foe, slow, boat; or George, Joe, badge, village

Many “same spellings” have different sounds, e.g. <ough>: though, cough, bough, through,

thought, and enough.

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The problem of pronunciation The problem of pronunciation for learners of ESLfor learners of ESL

Learners cannot rely on the spelling of a word The problem is the opposite for native speakers –

English schoolchildren spend incredible amounts of time learning to read and esp. to write. Many adults have very poor spelling.

To learn to pronounce English correctly it is of great help to learn to read phonemic transcription and/or have a CD dictionary with sound

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Even the predictable combinations in Even the predictable combinations in English are different to those of other English are different to those of other

languageslanguages

<ai> usually corresponds to //, e.g. pain, paid, almost never to //

<ch> usually, but not always, corresponds to /∫/ at the start of a word, e.g. cheese but not choir

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Is English spelling really so Is English spelling really so erratic?erratic?

83% of English words have predictable spelling

However, the remaining 17% is comprised of the most commonly used, everyday words

Therefore the greatest difficulties are faced by the learner at the start

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Why is English spelling so Why is English spelling so erratic? (1)erratic? (1)

Not enough vowel letters for vowel sounds

English does not use accents, umlauts etc.

English spelling reflects many archaic forms of pronunciation e.g. night in the past, was pronounced with a fricative

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Why is English spelling so Why is English spelling so erratic? (2)erratic? (2)

English has always resisted spelling reforms and academies to set standards

English spelling became fixed in the 16th-17th c. with the arrival of printing. Many of the printers were Flemish and had little knowledge of the language

English has borrowed extensively from other languages and has tended to maintain original spelling

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Key concepts: the Key concepts: the phonephone

Each time a speech sound is produced it is different

Each time you produce a /t/ it will be ever so slightly different

Hence the concept of the phone: a physical realisation of a speech sound

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Key concepts: the Key concepts: the phonemephoneme

The smallest speech sound that has linguistic value

When a series of phones are similar in terms of articulation and can be distinguished from another group in terms of meaning and collocation, the group is given a name e.g. /t/. This is a phoneme.

The phoneme is an abstract term, specific to a particular language.

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