religious unrest, civil war and milton a introduction
TRANSCRIPT
Religious Unrest, Civil War Religious Unrest, Civil War and Miltonand Milton
A IntroductionA Introduction
Standard EnglishStandard English
Why do we need a “standard English”? Why do we need a “standard English”? Does “standard English” mean “correct English”?Does “standard English” mean “correct English”? All of the following affected the establishment of All of the following affected the establishment of
standard English…standard English… Law clerks—court proceedingsLaw clerks—court proceedings Book of Common PrayerBook of Common Prayer Authorized version of the BibleAuthorized version of the Bible
What influences affect the way we talk and write What influences affect the way we talk and write today?today?
Proto Indo EuropeanProto Indo European
GermanicGermanicCelticCelticBalto-SlavicBalto-SlavicLatinLatinGreek Greek AlbanianAlbanian
Indo-Indo-IranianIranian
RussianRussian
UkrainianUkrainian
CzechCzech
SlovakSlovak
Serb-Serb-CroatianCroatian
PersianPersian
KurdishKurdish
HindiHindi
BengaliBengali
IranianIranianSanskritSanskritRomanianRomanian
FrenchFrench
SpanishSpanish
PortuguesePortuguese
ItalianItalian
SlavicSlavicBalticBaltic WelshWelsh
BretanBretan
GGælicælic
LatvianLatvian
LithuanianLithuanian
GermanicGermanic
IcelandicIcelandic
East East NorseNorse
West West NorseNorse
Old NorseOld NorseGothicGothic
East East GermanicGermanic
North North GermanicGermanic
Old FrisianOld Frisian
Old High Old High GermanGerman
HighHighLowLow
West West GermanicGermanic
Old EnglishOld English Old Low GermanOld Low German
AnglianAnglianWest West SaxonSaxon
Old Low Old Low FranconianFranconian
Old Old SaxonSaxonKentishKentish
MiddleMiddle EnglishEnglish Modern EnglishModern English
NorwegianNorwegian
SwedishSwedish
DanishDanish
Old EnglishOld English
AnglianAnglianWest West SaxonSaxon
KentishKentish
Middle EnglishMiddle English
ShakespeareShakespeare
ShakespeareShakespeare
EarlyEarly
Modern EnglishModern English
LateLate
Modern EnglishModern English
1485
The English Language The English Language
Modern English period dates from 1485-Modern English period dates from 1485-present. present.
Characterized by shifting vowels and Characterized by shifting vowels and lagging spellinglagging spellingBite “EYE” vs. “EE”; Feet “EE” vs. “A”—long Bite “EYE” vs. “EE”; Feet “EE” vs. “A”—long
vowels emergedvowels emergedSpelling Spelling ≠ Pronunciation≠ Pronunciation
Influences to EnglishInfluences to English
Printing press (1475; books are first Printing press (1475; books are first printed in English)printed in English)
Foreign influences (spreading abroad)Foreign influences (spreading abroad)Colonies in North America, Central America, Colonies in North America, Central America,
India and AfricaIndia and AfricaClassical influencesClassical influences
Latin and Greek—largely due to Renaissance Latin and Greek—largely due to Renaissance influenced by the culture of Rome and influenced by the culture of Rome and Athens. Athens.
ShakespeareShakespeare
ShakespeareShakespeare
EarlyEarly
Modern EnglishModern English
LateLate
Modern EnglishModern English
Law Clerks
Bible and Common Law Prayer
Royal InheritanceRoyal InheritanceKing Henry VIII
Catholic—Excommunication
Protestant
King EdwardChild KingProtestant
“Bloody Mary”Catholic
“Virgin” Queen Elizabeth
King James I & VIHouse of Stuart
Religious InfluencesReligious Influences Authorized Version of the Authorized Version of the
Bible: King _______ Version. Bible: King _______ Version. Disliked interpretive comments. Disliked interpretive comments. Commissioned the Bible to be Commissioned the Bible to be
checked against authoritative checked against authoritative Hebrew and Greek textsHebrew and Greek texts
54 clergy-men appointed54 clergy-men appointed7 years of research7 years of researchCommittee of bishops reviewCommittee of bishops reviewPrinted in 1611Printed in 1611
ReviewReview
Fill in the CLOZE on page 1 of your packet Fill in the CLOZE on page 1 of your packet to review what we have discussed thus to review what we have discussed thus far. far.
King James Bible Excerpt 1King James Bible Excerpt 1
StructureStructure Written in Written in verseverse not not
in prose…what does in prose…what does that mean? that mean?
PoetryPoetry ProseProse
an ART form; language is an ART form; language is used for aesthetic and used for aesthetic and evocative qualities evocative qualities in in addition toaddition to, , oror in lieu of, its in lieu of, its apparent meaning.apparent meaning.
Most typical form of Most typical form of language. Derived from language. Derived from the Latin prōsa, which the Latin prōsa, which literally translates as literally translates as 'straight-forward.''straight-forward.'
King James Bible Excerpt 1King James Bible Excerpt 1
Language—Similar to ShakespeareLanguage—Similar to Shakespeare ““And the evening and the morning were the And the evening and the morning were the
first day.”first day.”
King James Bible Excerpt 1King James Bible Excerpt 1
What is the first excerpt describing? What is the first excerpt describing? What do the capital letters suggest? What do the capital letters suggest? ““Firmament” is “Sky”; what is the purpose Firmament” is “Sky”; what is the purpose
of the firmament? Is this poetic? of the firmament? Is this poetic? What kind of world did God create? What kind of world did God create?
In Genesis 1-2 God…In Genesis 1-2 God…
CreatesCreatesDry landDry landAnimals of the seaAnimals of the seaAnimals of the landAnimals of the land
Creates man Creates man From dust; From dust; adamah: adamah: Adam “of the soil”Adam “of the soil”
Creates womanCreates womanFrom Adam’s rib; “taken from man” From Adam’s rib; “taken from man”
““Paradise”Paradise”
Endless foodEndless foodEndless waterEndless waterNo hard workNo hard workNo shameNo shameNo painNo painNo school No school
22ndnd Genesis Excerpt Genesis Excerpt
StructureStructureStill in verse!Still in verse!
22ndnd Genesis Excerpt Genesis Excerpt
What did Adam and Eve gain by eating the What did Adam and Eve gain by eating the apple? apple?
What did they lose? What did they lose? Is knowledge worth pain? Explain (page 1)Is knowledge worth pain? Explain (page 1)
Religious Unrest After the Religious Unrest After the Death of King JamesDeath of King James
““Turbulent Time”—1625-1798Turbulent Time”—1625-1798
List everything you know and remember about List everything you know and remember about the American Civil war in QUADRANT 1, using the American Civil war in QUADRANT 1, using
these questions to guide you.these questions to guide you.
Who was fighting? Who was fighting? What were the fighting for?What were the fighting for?What was the outcome? What was the outcome? How could it have ended differently?How could it have ended differently?What were the effects both long and short What were the effects both long and short
term? term? What did it do to the country? To the What did it do to the country? To the
government? To families? To individuals? government? To families? To individuals?
Civil WarWhat it is
Civil WarWhat it is not
What does a Civil War affect?
Civil: of or relating to
citizens
War: A period of such
armed conflict
Royal InheritanceRoyal InheritanceKing Henry VIII
Catholic—ExcommunicationProtestant
“Virgin” Queen Elizabeth
King James I & VIHouse of Stuart
Charles I1625-1649
A New GovernmentA New Government
ParliamentParliament established and limited the power of established and limited the power of the monarchythe monarchy King Charles wants $ for warsKing Charles wants $ for wars Parliament says noParliament says no Charles extorts money and forces the poor to serve in Charles extorts money and forces the poor to serve in
the armythe army Power struggle Power struggle
Charles tries to force the church to conform Charles tries to force the church to conform practicespractices
Culminated in civil warCulminated in civil war
Condemned as a TYRANTCondemned as a TYRANT
Parliament condemns Charles in 1642Parliament condemns Charles in 1642Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell leads insurrection leads insurrectionRoyalists defeated in 1645; imprisons Royalists defeated in 1645; imprisons
CharlesCharlesCharles put to death in 1649Charles put to death in 1649NO MORE MONARCHYNO MORE MONARCHY
Macbeth and CharlesMacbeth and CharlesQuadrant 2Quadrant 2
Is Charles a Is Charles a TYRANT TYRANT of the same caliber of the same caliber as Macbeth? Explain. as Macbeth? Explain.
Better? Better?
Cromwell—”Lord Protector” or “dictator”Cromwell—”Lord Protector” or “dictator”Rule led to economic hardship, greater Rule led to economic hardship, greater
taxation, overbearing control and unrest taxation, overbearing control and unrest outlawed gambling, horse racing, outlawed gambling, horse racing,
newspapersnewspapers, fancy clothes, public dancing, , fancy clothes, public dancing, and the theater. and the theater.
Danger Will Robinson!Danger Will Robinson!
Why is it dangerous to outlaw Why is it dangerous to outlaw newspapers? newspapers?
How is outlawing the theater a GIANT step How is outlawing the theater a GIANT step backward from the Renaissance? backward from the Renaissance?
Who was worse, Charles I or Oliver Who was worse, Charles I or Oliver Cromwell? Cromwell?
Macbeth and OliverMacbeth and OliverQuadrant 3Quadrant 3
Is Cromwell a Is Cromwell a TYRANT TYRANT of the same of the same caliber as Macbeth? Explain. caliber as Macbeth? Explain.
Quadrant 4
Of the three which is worse: 1. A ruler who takes lives 2. A ruler who controls beliefs 3. A ruler who suppresses freedoms
Royal InheritanceRoyal InheritanceReestablished 1660Reestablished 1660
King Henry VIIICatholic—Excommunication
Protestant
“Virgin” Queen Elizabeth
King James I & VIHouse of Stuart
Charles I1625-1649
Charles II; Restores order—Limited power
James II; devout CatholicABDICATED
Mary & WilliamRespect Bill of Rights
Constitutional Monarchy
New GovernmentNew Government
Constitutional Monarchy rules underConstitutional Monarchy rules underParliament made up ofParliament made up ofPolitical parties: (conservative) Tories & Political parties: (conservative) Tories &
(liberal) Whigs who established a (liberal) Whigs who established a Cabinet of ministers and a Cabinet of ministers and a Prime MinisterPrime MinisterUnifying the nationUnifying the nation
CHANGE!! AHHHHHH!!!!CHANGE!! AHHHHHH!!!!
Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Increased foodIncreased food Increased populationIncreased population Increased industrializationIncreased industrialization
EnlightenmentEnlightenmentMade the industrial age possible Made the industrial age possible EncouragedEncouraged
Free thinking Free thinking DiscussionDiscussion
17501750
Enlightenment crushedEnlightenment crushed Industrialization reignedIndustrialization reigned ““Progress” = MiseryProgress” = Misery
A Roller Coaster of ChangeA Roller Coaster of Change
John MiltonJohn Milton
Story tellingStory telling
Quadrant 5Quadrant 5Why do people tell stories? Why do people tell stories?
Make a bulleted list of all the reasons why Make a bulleted list of all the reasons why people tell stories. Think about all the people tell stories. Think about all the motivational, both internal and external, motivational, both internal and external, reasons. reasons.
Paradise Lost Paradise Lost
Milton’s greatest workMilton’s greatest workRetelling of the fall of Eden (see the Retelling of the fall of Eden (see the
connection? connection? ))Mostly religious topicsMostly religious topics ““God’s Poet”God’s Poet”
SonnetsSonnets
Focus on variety of subjectsFocus on variety of subjectsNot simple love themesNot simple love themes
REVIEW:::REVIEW:::
Sonnet Basics (Petrarchan)Sonnet Basics (Petrarchan)
14 Lines Long14 Lines LongDivided into Octave (8 lines) w/ abbaabba Divided into Octave (8 lines) w/ abbaabba
rhyme scheme, and a sestet (6 lines) w/ rhyme scheme, and a sestet (6 lines) w/ cdecde, or cdcdcd rhyme schemecdecde, or cdcdcd rhyme scheme
Octave develops thought or themeOctave develops thought or themeSestet expands or contradicts the thought Sestet expands or contradicts the thought
or themeor themeVolta (turn) occurs between octave and Volta (turn) occurs between octave and
sestetsestet Iambic PentameterIambic Pentameter
Quadrant 6 & 7
Sonnet VII Sonnet XIX
Sonnet VIISonnet VII
Do you usually judge people by how much Do you usually judge people by how much they have accomplished by a certain age? they have accomplished by a certain age? Why or why not?Why or why not?
Sonnet VIISonnet VII
What is the rhyme scheme? What is the rhyme scheme? Where is the volta? Does it confirm or Where is the volta? Does it confirm or
contradict the theme? contradict the theme?
Sonnet VIISonnet VII
Recall: To what season does Milton Recall: To what season does Milton compare his time of life? compare his time of life?
Infer: Why does he say that this season Infer: Why does he say that this season “no bud or blossom showeth”? “no bud or blossom showeth”?
Interpret: What is his feeling about this Interpret: What is his feeling about this situation?situation?
Sonnet VIISonnet VII
What is the connection between the “bud What is the connection between the “bud or blossom” of line 4 and the “semblance” or blossom” of line 4 and the “semblance” of line 5? of line 5?
How does the contrast between outward How does the contrast between outward appearance and inward state in lines 5–8 appearance and inward state in lines 5–8 apply to Milton’s career as a poet?apply to Milton’s career as a poet?
Sonnet VIISonnet VII
Infer: To what does Milton trust himself Infer: To what does Milton trust himself and his life in lines 9–14? and his life in lines 9–14?
Evaluate: Do you think this “answer” is a Evaluate: Do you think this “answer” is a valid and effective response to concern valid and effective response to concern about one’s progress in life? Explain. about one’s progress in life? Explain.
Sonnet XIXSonnet XIX
What is your most valuable sense? What is your most valuable sense? Explain. (in other words, which sense Explain. (in other words, which sense would you miss the most if you were to would you miss the most if you were to lose it?)lose it?)SeeingSeeingSmellingSmellingTastingTastingTouchingTouchingHearingHearing
Sonnet XIXSonnet XIX
What is the rhyme scheme? What is the rhyme scheme? Where is the volta? Does it confirm or Where is the volta? Does it confirm or
contradict the theme?contradict the theme?
Sonnet XIXSonnet XIX
Recall: According to the poem, at what Recall: According to the poem, at what point in his life did the speaker’s eyesight point in his life did the speaker’s eyesight fail? fail?
Recall: What has happened to the Recall: What has happened to the speaker’s “one talent”? speaker’s “one talent”?
Infer: Why does blindness have this effect Infer: Why does blindness have this effect on his talent?on his talent?
Sonnet XIXSonnet XIX
Infer: What answers the speaker? Infer: What answers the speaker? Interpret: How does this new speaker Interpret: How does this new speaker
interpret the idea of service to God?interpret the idea of service to God?Apply: Do you think that this poem could Apply: Do you think that this poem could
inspire a contemporary person who is inspire a contemporary person who is facing a physical challenge? Explain.facing a physical challenge? Explain.
Quadrant 6 & 7
Sonnet VII Sonnet XIX
Summarize the main theme of each sonnet in quadrant 6 and 7
Quadrant 8
How are the sonnets a reaction to the change in Milton’s culture? Use at least one specific example from the poem and the backgroundTurn in your notebook paper before you
leave.
What is Paradise?
Describe what paradise is to you in 5-7 sentences using specific examples. You may also choose to illustrate your description.
Paradise RecallParadise Recall
Jot down what “Paradise” was for Adam Jot down what “Paradise” was for Adam and Eve. and Eve.
ParadiseParadise
Consider the Babylonian view of paradise: Consider the Babylonian view of paradise: ““Edinn”: an innocent, clear, and sun-filled Edinn”: an innocent, clear, and sun-filled
land, where gods are forever young, healthy land, where gods are forever young, healthy and amiable. At the command of the water and amiable. At the command of the water god Enki, the sun god Utu brings water to god Enki, the sun god Utu brings water to Paradise and creates a lush garden bursting Paradise and creates a lush garden bursting with fruit. with fruit.
ParadiseParadise
Consider the Greek view of paradise: Consider the Greek view of paradise: Paradise is a garden of the Hesperides, the Paradise is a garden of the Hesperides, the
home of the daughters of Atlas, the evening home of the daughters of Atlas, the evening star. Assisted by a dragon, the inhabitants star. Assisted by a dragon, the inhabitants guard the tree that gives the golden apples. guard the tree that gives the golden apples.
ParadiseParadise
Consider the African tales view of Consider the African tales view of paradise: paradise: A beautiful garden with ample food and A beautiful garden with ample food and
leisure. There is no death or disease. Humans leisure. There is no death or disease. Humans live in harmony with animals. live in harmony with animals.
Paradise ArchetypeParadise Archetype
What do all 4 have in common? What do all 4 have in common? Why do you suppose these commonalities Why do you suppose these commonalities
exist? exist? What does this suggest about the ideal What does this suggest about the ideal
human life? human life? Does your view of paradise match with Does your view of paradise match with
any of the previous descriptions? Explain. any of the previous descriptions? Explain.
Paradise LostParadise Lost
Inspired by…Inspired by…Loss of vision—dictated the story to his Loss of vision—dictated the story to his
daughtersdaughtersLoss of faith in countryLoss of faith in countryCivil unrest/battle in countryCivil unrest/battle in country
Why is he telling the story? Why is he telling the story?
Paradise LostParadise Lost
Begins in the middle w/ a prayer to a Begins in the middle w/ a prayer to a muse, god or goddess (epic conventions)muse, god or goddess (epic conventions)Milton introduces Satan who, with his angel Milton introduces Satan who, with his angel
allies, has done the unthinkable—rebelled allies, has done the unthinkable—rebelled against God. against God.
Expelled from Heaven, they have plummeted Expelled from Heaven, they have plummeted into Hell, a place devoid of light, life, and even into Hell, a place devoid of light, life, and even formform
Reviewing the Epic Hero (epic Reviewing the Epic Hero (epic convention) Archetypeconvention) Archetype
They are appealing characters They are appealing characters who make mistakes.who make mistakes.
They are characters who enjoy They are characters who enjoy prosperity and favor.prosperity and favor.
They are inhibited by a They are inhibited by a character flaw.character flaw.
They go on an Epic Journey—They go on an Epic Journey—Following an epic hero cycleFollowing an epic hero cycle
Epic Hero CycleEpic Hero Cycle
Call to Adventure
Paradise LostApplying the
“Boon”
Trials (tested and initiated)
Physical, Mental, Emotional
Achieving the Goal or “Boon”
Hero’s JourneyHero’s Journey
Return to Ordinary world
Crossing of the Threshold
Move from known to unknown
Paradise LostParadise Lost
Who is the epic hero? The ultimate Who is the epic hero? The ultimate question.question.
Paradise LostParadise Lost
Satan’s war with Heaven is Milton’s Satan’s war with Heaven is Milton’s invention. invention.
The remainder of the story is the familiar The remainder of the story is the familiar one of Christian tradition. God has one of Christian tradition. God has forbidden Adam and Eve to eat of the fruit forbidden Adam and Eve to eat of the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Evil.
A Cosmic CommentaryA Cosmic Commentary
Reason and Free Will Reason and Free Will Humanity can see the difference between Humanity can see the difference between
right and wrong. With that ability comes the right and wrong. With that ability comes the freedom to choose between the two.freedom to choose between the two.
Free Will and Predestination Free Will and Predestination God knows everything that is, was, and will God knows everything that is, was, and will
be. Yet God’s foreknowledge does not mean be. Yet God’s foreknowledge does not mean that people’s choices are determined in that people’s choices are determined in advance by God. People have free will.advance by God. People have free will.
CONNECT: CONNECT: Consider Macbeth’s fateConsider Macbeth’s fate
Explain whether you believe he reached Explain whether you believe he reached this fate through his own reason and free this fate through his own reason and free will or if it was predestined. Make sure you will or if it was predestined. Make sure you use one example to explain why. use one example to explain why.