religious disputes economic/political gain personal/emotional
TRANSCRIPT
ENGLISH REFORMATION
RELIGIOUS DISPUTESECONOMIC/POLITICAL GAIN
PERSONAL/EMOTIONAL
CAUSES – ENGLISH REFORMATION
HENRY VII (1485-1509)HENRY VIII (1509-1547)EDWARD VI (1547-1553)Lady Jane Grey (1554)MARY I (1553-1558)ELIZABETH I (1558-1603)
THE TUDORS(1485-1603)
Henry VIII’s CHildren1510 Daughter - died
1511 Son - died1513 Son - died1514 Son - died1516 Mary - survived1518 Daughter - died1533 Elizabeth - survived1534 Son - died1535 unknown - died1536 Son - died1537 Edward - survived
Wives of HENRY VIII
Divorced
Divorced
Beheaded
Beheaded
Died
Survived
Henry VIII – Catholic1521 – Defense of the Seven Sacraments – against LutherPope Leo X (1515-1521)– “Defender of the Faith”“Good Catholic”
PRIOR TO THE BREAK
Henry’s attitude became more extreme over time
• Originally, he did not intend to change the doctrines at all.
• He just wanted to be the head of the church and not subject to the Pope’s authority.
• Once the separation began, many reformers in England saw this as a welcome move
Henry VIII was in love with Anne Boleyn—this gave him another excuse to pursue the separation from Rome
Anne would not become his mistress. She wanted to be
Queen or nothing else
Their courtship went on for almost seven years. Henry VIII risked all for his lust of
Anne Boleyn
“New Monarch” Divorce – “The Matter”6 YearsSeries of Legislation - Act of Supremacy (1534) “Head of the Church and State”Six Wives
HENRY VIII breaking away
Lesson: Never lose your mind over a woman.
Or you will keep these people in
business
Henry VIII confiscated monastic lands and church wealth as the
English Reformation ensued
The monasteries were dissolved.The land and wealth was passed out to Henry’s loyal
followers
Many monasteries and abbeys fell into disrepair and ruin
Their ruins inspired the Romantic poets of the early 19th century
Other church buildings were saved when they became
Protestant Churches
Many churches suffer vandalism when their statues and windows are smashed in an anti-Catholic reaction
The landed classes will continue to support the Kings and
Queens of England
Henry marries Anne Boleyn in 1532
They have a daughter, Elizabeth, in 1533
• Henry moves quickly to eliminate Anne when she gives birth to a still born son a year and a half later
Anne was put on trial, and the accusations against her were solicited under torture.
Anne was executed by a French Swordsman at the Tower of London in 1536
She left the baby Elizabeth who will eventually become England’s greatest Queen
Henry goes on to have four more wives.
His third wife, Jane Seymour will finally give him son. She will die ten days later
Laid the foundation for the MODERN NATION STATE Centralized Power Dissolved the Monasteries / Sold Land Controlled Nobility / Church Executed those who opposed – Treason Sir Thomas More (1475 -1535) 1st Battle ship – Mary Rose (1545)
Legacy of HENRY VIII
MARY I (r. 1553-1558)Daughter of Henry VIII & Catherine of AragonDevout CatholicMarried Philip II (Spain) 1555“Bloody Mary”Burned 300 Protestants
(r. 1558-1603)Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn“I may not be a lion, but I am a lion’s cub, and I have a lion’s heart”“Virgin Queen”The Last TUDOR
ELIZABETH I
ABSOLUTISM????PolitiqueParliament – LegislationReligious upheaval – 30 yearsRELIGIOUS UNITY = POLITICAL UNITYANGLICAN CHURCH
ELIZABETH I
“Great Council”Evolutionary Process
Bi-Cameral LegislatureHouse of Lords
House of Commons
PARLIAMENT
(1542-1587)StuartCousin of Elizabeth I Queen of Scotland (1542-1567) Catholic = heir to the throneImprisoned 19 yearsBeheaded
MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS