religions of the middle east
DESCRIPTION
Birthplace of Major World Religions All monotheistic and linked by a common ancestor - ABRAHAM Judaism – 2000 BCE Christianity - Birth of Jesus (CE Begins) Islam – 610 CE Koran revealed to Muhammad. RELIGIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST. Unifies the culture Stresses moral behavior Righteousness - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
RELIGIONS OF THE RELIGIONS OF THE MIDDLE EASTMIDDLE EAST
Birthplace of Major World ReligionsBirthplace of Major World ReligionsAll monotheistic and linked by a common All monotheistic and linked by a common
ancestor - ABRAHAMancestor - ABRAHAM Judaism – 2000 BCE Judaism – 2000 BCE Christianity - Birth of Jesus (CE Begins)Christianity - Birth of Jesus (CE Begins) Islam – 610 CE Koran revealed to Islam – 610 CE Koran revealed to
Muhammad Muhammad
ABRAHAMABRAHAMLinks Judaism, Islam Links Judaism, Islam
and Christianityand Christianity
Covenant with Covenant with GodGod
Land & PeopleLand & PeopleAbraham – SarahAbraham – Sarah
IsaacIsaacAbraham – HagarAbraham – Hagar
IshmaelIshmael
MonotheismMonotheism
Unifies the cultureUnifies the cultureStresses moral behaviorStresses moral behaviorRighteousnessRighteousnessEnds destructive practices Ends destructive practices Encourages spirituality and self-reflectionEncourages spirituality and self-reflection
JUDAISMJUDAISM
Belief in one GodBelief in one God God promised God promised
Abraham “land and Abraham “land and descendants”descendants”
““Chosen People” are Chosen People” are the descendants of the descendants of Abraham’s son Abraham’s son IsaacIsaac
Land of Canaan is Land of Canaan is modern day Israelmodern day Israel
Messiah – will bring Messiah – will bring peace & unitypeace & unity
Teachings of JudaismTeachings of Judaism
MosesMoses
Hebrew people enslaved in Hebrew people enslaved in EgyptEgypt
God sends10 PlaguesGod sends10 Plagues The PassoverThe Passover Moses led the Hebrew Moses led the Hebrew
people to the out of Egypt people to the out of Egypt to the “Promised Land”to the “Promised Land”
The 10 Commandments The 10 Commandments received from Godreceived from God
1400 BC (approx)1400 BC (approx)opl
Sacred TextsSacred Texts
The TorahThe Torah
““Five books of Moses”Five books of Moses”The story of creation, escape The story of creation, escape
from Egypt, laws and duties of from Egypt, laws and duties of the Jewish peoplethe Jewish people
The Tanakh – The Hebrew BibleThe Tanakh – The Hebrew BibleSacred stories and writings of Sacred stories and writings of the Jewish people. the Jewish people.
Sacred TextsSacred Texts
The Talmud The Talmud The Jewish LawThe Jewish Law
Legal Opinions and Legal Opinions and Scholarly DebatesScholarly Debates
Strongly influences Strongly influences Western LawWestern Law
Religious Dress for Religious Dress for WomenWomen
The Temple of Solomon The Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem in Jerusalem
Destroyed 70 CE -Destroyed 70 CE -Wailing Wall is all Wailing Wall is all that remains of the that remains of the templetemple
Jewish communities Jewish communities keep traditions alive keep traditions alive throughout the worldthroughout the world
Await the Messiah – Await the Messiah – who will bring peace who will bring peace & unity& unity
The DiasporaThe Diaspora
ORTHODOX,ORTHODOX,CONSERVATIVE, CONSERVATIVE, REFORMREFORM
RECONSTRUCTIONISTRECONSTRUCTIONIST
Branches of JudaismBranches of Judaism
CHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITY Jesus of NazarethJesus of Nazareth Son of GodSon of God Preached about Preached about
humility, mercy humility, mercy equality, forgivenessequality, forgiveness
Crucified by RomansCrucified by Romans Rose from the deadRose from the dead Apostles spread faithApostles spread faith Salvation for rich and Salvation for rich and
poorpoor
Jesus of Jesus of NazarethNazareth
Challenged corrupt Challenged corrupt Jewish officialsJewish officials
Seen as a threat by Seen as a threat by RomansRomans
Crucified by Crucified by RomansRomans
Christians believe Christians believe
The BibleThe Bible
Old Testament Old Testament – – Hebrew ScripturesHebrew Scriptures
New TestamentNew Testament – – Life and teachings of Life and teachings of
Jesus as written by his Jesus as written by his followersfollowers
JESUS JESUS TAUGHT HIS TAUGHT HIS FOLLOWERS FOLLOWERS TO:TO:
Love GodLove God
Love one Love one another as another as they love they love themselvesthemselves
Christians believe Christians believe The Trinity The Trinity
3 personifications of 3 personifications of one Godone God
God the Father, God the Father,
God the Son,God the Son,
God the Holy SpiritGod the Holy Spirit
Three Major Three Major Types of Types of ChristianityChristianity
Roman CatholicRoman Catholic
Orthodox ChristianOrthodox Christian
ProtestantProtestant
Important RitualsImportant RitualsBaptism Baptism
ConfirmationConfirmation
Eucharist/CommunionEucharist/Communion
““The blood of the The blood of the martyrs is the seed of martyrs is the seed of the Christian Church.”the Christian Church.”
Christianity was not destroyed by Christianity was not destroyed by Roman persecution, but spread to Roman persecution, but spread to
far flung regions of the world. far flung regions of the world.
ISLAMISLAM
Allah (God)Allah (God)Muhammad – Muhammad –
The ProphetThe ProphetKoran - Holy Koran - Holy
BookBookHadith – words Hadith – words
of The Prophetof The ProphetMosque – Place Mosque – Place
of worshipof worship
THE FIVE PILLARSTHE FIVE PILLARS1. To proclaim the belief in 1. To proclaim the belief in the one God.the one God.
2. To pray five times a day.2. To pray five times a day.
3. To give to the poor.3. To give to the poor.
4. To fast during Ramadan.4. To fast during Ramadan.
5. To make the Hajj.5. To make the Hajj.
JIHADJIHAD
SOMETIMES CALLED SOMETIMES CALLED THE “SIXTH” PILLAR OF THE “SIXTH” PILLAR OF
ISLAMISLAM
MEANS “STRUGGLE”MEANS “STRUGGLE”
Spiritual struggle of the soulSpiritual struggle of the soul
Physical struggle to defend IslamPhysical struggle to defend Islam
The HajjThe HajjThe Pilgrimage The Pilgrimage
to Mecca to Mecca Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
hosts and hosts and controlscontrols
Also visit the Also visit the Prophet’s grave Prophet’s grave in Medinain Medina
Circle the Circle the Ka’abaKa’aba
ABRAHAMABRAHAMLinks Judaism, Islam Links Judaism, Islam
and Christianityand Christianity
Abraham – SarahAbraham – Sarah Isaac Isaac
Hebrew people (Jesus)Hebrew people (Jesus)
““Ibrahim” – HagarIbrahim” – Hagar Ishmael Ishmael
Arab people Arab people (Muhammad)(Muhammad)
““People of the Book”People of the Book”
The Prophet's phrase for Christians & The Prophet's phrase for Christians & JewsJews
All MonotheisticAll Monotheistic All worship the same GodAll worship the same God Muslims regard Jesus Christ as a Muslims regard Jesus Christ as a
prophet of Islam who will come before prophet of Islam who will come before the Day of Judgmentthe Day of Judgment
The Prophet accepted the Hebrew and The Prophet accepted the Hebrew and Christian scriptures as the word of GodChristian scriptures as the word of God
Religion Links Believers Religion Links Believers to the Middle East to the Middle East
Strong emotional tiesStrong emotional tiesPeople around the world care about the People around the world care about the
politics of the regionpolitics of the regionWant stabilityWant stabilityAccess to the Holy Sites (Jerusalem, Access to the Holy Sites (Jerusalem,
Mecca)Mecca)Donate money and support causes based Donate money and support causes based
in the Mid Eastin the Mid East
JERUSALEM JERUSALEM HOLY TO THREE HOLY TO THREE
FAITHSFAITHS
Islam Islam Sunni and Shi’ite Split Sunni and Shi’ite Split
Sunni (85%) Leaders chosen Sunni (85%) Leaders chosen from among the people from among the people (Caliphs)(Caliphs)
Shi’ite (15%) leaders are Shi’ite (15%) leaders are descendants of the Prophet descendants of the Prophet (12 Imams) (12 Imams)
Same basic beliefsSame basic beliefs
Sunni and Shia Sunni and Shia
Sunni (green) Shia (red)Sunni (green) Shia (red)
SHIA ISLAMSHIA ISLAM
Shi’ism originates in Shi’ism originates in IraqIraq
with the assassination of Imam with the assassination of Imam Hussein (Nephew of the Prophet) Hussein (Nephew of the Prophet) at Karbala 632ADat Karbala 632AD
Iraq and spreads over the border Iraq and spreads over the border to Iranto Iran
More mystic and emotional More mystic and emotional
Ayatollahs have more power than Ayatollahs have more power than Sunni clericsSunni clerics
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FundamentalismFundamentalism
• Belief that one's religious Belief that one's religious texts are infallibletexts are infallible
• One’s practice is better or One’s practice is better or more pure than that of more pure than that of others who follow the same others who follow the same faith.faith.
Fundamentalism is Fundamentalism is GrowingGrowing
• Found in all religionsFound in all religions• Want to maintain traditional, Want to maintain traditional,
basic beliefs of their faithbasic beliefs of their faith• Resist change, modernizationResist change, modernization
Christian Christian FundamentalistsFundamentalists
• Waco Massacre Waco Massacre • 1993 siege on 1993 siege on
headquarters of headquarters of Branch DavidiansBranch Davidians
• Cult like group led Cult like group led by David Koreshby David Koresh
• 76 killed, including 76 killed, including 20 children20 children
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Jewish Jewish FundamentalistsFundamentalists
• Orthodox in their Orthodox in their observanceobservance
• Torah given to Torah given to Moses by God and Moses by God and must be observed must be observed in every detailin every detail
• In modern Israel In modern Israel “settlers” claim “settlers” claim God given rights to God given rights to land designated for land designated for PalestiniansPalestinians
Muslim Muslim FundamentalistsFundamentalists
• Reject Western valuesReject Western values
• Jihad as violent struggleJihad as violent struggle
• Strictly follow the Sharia LawStrictly follow the Sharia Law
• Women play a traditional role in Women play a traditional role in societysociety