religion in uk

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Universitatea Hyperion, Bucuresti

Facultatea de Litere si Limbi Straine

ENGLISH HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION

Religion in England

Badea Adelina

An II, Semestrul II

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Religion in England

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

St Paul's Cathedral, seat of the (Anglican) Bishop of London.

Christianity is the most widely practiced and declared religion in England. The AnglicanChurch of England is the established church ofEngland holding a special constitutional

position for the United Kingdom. After Christianity, religions with the most adherents areIslam, Hinduism, Sikhism,Judaism, Buddhism, the Bah' Faith, the Rastafari movement and

Neopaganism. There are also organisations which promote irreligion, atheist humanism, andsecularism.

In the past, various other religions (usually "pagan") have been important in the country,particularly Celtic polytheism,Roman polytheism,Anglo-Saxon paganism and Norsepaganism. The only religion that was created in England is the neopagan Wicca.[1]

Many of England's most notable buildings and monuments are religious in nature, includingStonehenge, the Angel of the North, Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral and CanterburyCathedral. The festivals ofChristmas and Easterare still widely commemorated in thecountry.

Christianity

Further information: Early Insular Christianity,Anglo-Saxon Christianity, and History of theChurch of England

Christianity was first introduced through the Romans (English mythology links theintroduction of Christianity to England to the Glastonbury legend ofJoseph of Arimathea; see

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also the legend ofSaint Lucius). Archaeological evidence for Christian communities begins toappear in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Romano-British population after the withdrawal ofthe Roman legions was mostly Christian.

The arrival of the Anglo-Saxons introduced Anglo-Saxon polytheism to what is now England.

Christianity was re-introduced into England through missionaries from Scotland and fromContinental Europe; the era ofSt. Augustine (the first Archbishop of Canterbury) and theCeltic Christian missionaries in the north (notably St. Aidan and St. Cuthbert). The Synod ofWhitby in 664 ultimately led to the English Church being fully part of Roman Catholicism.Early English Christian documents surviving from this time include the 7th-centuryilluminated Lindisfarne Gospels and the historical accounts written by the Venerable Bede.

Norman nobles and bishops had influence before theNorman Conquest of 1066, and Normaninfluences affected late Anglo-Saxon architecture. Edward the Confessorwas brought up in

Normandy, and in 1042 brought masons to work on Westminster Abbey, the first

Romanesque building in England. The cruciform churches ofNorman architecture often haddeep chancels and a square crossing towerwhich has remained a feature of Englishecclesiastical architecture. Hundreds ofparish churches were built and the first great Englishcathedrals. England has many early cathedrals, most notably York Minster(1080), DurhamCathedral (1093) and Salisbury Cathedral (1220). After a fire damaged Canterbury Cathedralin 1174 Norman masons introduced the new Gothic architecture. Around 1191 WellsCathedral and Lincoln Cathedral brought in the English Gothic style.

Pope Innocent III placed the kingdom of England under an interdict for seven years between1208 and 1215 afterKing John refused to accept the pope's appointee as Archbishop ofCanterbury.

Anglicanism

In 1536, the Church in England split from Rome over the issue of the divorce ofKing HenryVIII from Catherine of Aragon. The split led to the emergence of a separate ecclesiasticalauthority. Later the influence of the Reformation resulted in the Church of England adoptingits distinctive reformed Catholic position known as Anglicanism.

Today, the Church of England is the established church in England. It regards itself as incontinuity with the pre-Reformation state Catholic church,(something the Roman Catholic

Church does not accept), but has been a distinct Anglican church since the settlement underElizabeth I (with some disruption during the 17th-century Commonwealth period). BritishMonarch is formally Supreme Governor of the Church of England, but its spiritual leader isthe Archbishop of Canterbury, who is regarded by convention as the head of the worldwidecommunion of Anglican Churches (see Anglican Communion). In practice the Church ofEngland is governed by the General Synod, under the authority ofParliament.

Roman Catholicism

Main article: Catholic Church in England and Wales

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The English Church was heavily influenced by Rome from the arrival of St Augustine ofCanterbury who arrived in AD 588, until the final break with Roman control at the accessionof Queen Elizabeth I in 1558.

The early years of the UK were difficult for English adherents of the Roman Catholic Church,

although the persecution was not violent as they had experienced in the recent past, forinstance under the Popery Act 1698, that affected adherents in England and Wales. The civilrights of adherents to Roman Catholicism were severely curtailed, and there was no longer, asonce in Stuart times, any Catholic presence at court, in public life, in the military or

professions. Many of the Catholic nobles and gentry who had preserved on their lands amongtheir tenants small pockets of Catholicism had followed James II into exile, and others at lastconformed to Anglicanism, meaning that only very few such Catholic communities survived.

In the late 18th and early 19th century most restrictions on Catholic participation in public lifewere relaxed under acts such as thePapists Act 1778,Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 andCatholic Relief Act 1829. This process ofCatholic Emancipation met violent opposition in the

Gordon Riots of 1780 in London. In the 1840s and 1850s, especially during the Great IrishFamine, while the bulk of the large outflow of emigration from Ireland was headed to theUnited States, thousands of poor Irish people also moved to England, establishingcommunities in cities and towns up and down the country such as London and Liverpool, thusgiving Catholicism a huge numerical boost. In 1850, the Catholic Church in England andWales re-established a hierarchy.

Methodism

A strong tradition ofMethodism developed from the 18th century onwards. The Methodist

revival was started in England by a group of men including John Wesley and his youngerbrotherCharles as a movement within the Church of England, but developed as a separatedenomination after John Wesley's death.

Pentecostal

Pentecostal churches are continuing to grow and, in terms of church attendance, are now thirdafter the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church.[2] There are three maindenomination of Pentecostal churches;

Assemblies of God in Great Britain are part of the World Assemblies of God

Fellowship. Apostolic Church. Elim Pentecostal Church.

The is also a growing number of independent, charismatic churches that encouragePentecostal practices at part of their worship, such as Kingsgate Community Church inPeterborough which started with 9 people in 1988 and now has a congregation in excess of1,500.

Salvation Army

The Salvation Army dates back to 1865, when it was founded in East London by William andCatherine Booth. Its international headquarters are still in London, near St Paul's Cathedral.

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Today, there are seven churches bearing the title of Cathedral in London as well as inBirmingham (the Dormition of the Mother of God and St Andrew) and Leicester. In additionto these, there are eighty-one churches and other places where worship is regularly offered,twenty-five places (including University Chaplaincies) where the Divine Liturgy is celebratedon a less regular basis, four chapels (including that of the Archdiocese), and two monasteries.[5]

As is traditional within the Orthodox Church, the bishops have a considerable degree ofautonomy within the Archdiocese.

The Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas in Toxteth, Liverpool, was built in 1870. It is anenlarged version ofSt Theodore's church in Constantinople and is a Grade II Listed building.

Antiochian Orthodox Church

The Antiochian Orthodox Church have the St. George's Cathedral in London and a number ofparishes across England.[6]

Other Eastern Orthodox Churches

As well as the Russian and Greek Orthodox churches, there are also the Serbian OrthodoxChurch and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church[disambiguation needed] all in London as well as a non-canonical Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Manchester.

Oriental Orthodoxy

All Coptic Orthodoxparishes fall under the jurisdiction of the Coptic Orthodox Church ofAlexandria Pope of Alexandria. The Coptic Orthodox Church in the United Kingdom is

divided into three main parishes: Ireland, Scotland and North England; the Midlands and itsaffiliated areas; and South Wales. In addition, there is one Patriarchal Exarchate at Stevenage,Hertfordshire. Most British converts belong to the British Orthodox Church, which iscanonically part of the Coptic Orthodox Church. There is also the Eritrean OrthodoxTewahedo Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in London. There is alsothe Armenian Apostolic Church in London.

Mennonite

There is one Mennonite congregation in England, the Wood Green Mennonite Church inLondon.[7]

Other

Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion is a small society ofevangelical churches, founded in1783, which today has 23 congregations in England.

Saints

Saint George is recognised as the patron saint of England, although prior to Edward III, StEdmund was recognised as England's patron saint, and the flag of England consists of the

cross of St George. However, Saint Alban is venerated by some as England's first Christianmartyr.

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Islam

Further information: Islam in England

According to the 2001 census, 1.54 million Muslims live in England and Wales, where theyform 3.3% of the population. According to research by The Times, there were 2.4 millionMuslims in the United Kingdom as a whole in 2009. Although Islam is generally thought ofas being a recent arrival to the country, there has been contact with Muslims for manycenturies. An early example would be the decision ofOffa, the eighth-century King ofMercia(one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms existing at that time), to have coins minted with anIslamic inscription on themcopies of coins issued by the near-contemporary Muslim rulerAl-Mansur. It is thought that they were minted to facilitate trade with the expanding Islamic

empire in Spain.[9]

Muslim scholarship was well-known among the learned in England by 1386, when Chaucerwas writing. In the Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, there is among the pilgrims wendingtheir way to Canterbury, a 'Doctour of Phisyk' whose learning included Razi, Avicenna (IbnSina, Arabic ) and Averroes (Ibn Rushd, Arabic ). Ibn Sina's canon of medicinewas a standard text for medical students well into the 17th century.

Islam today is the largest non-Christian religion in England with 40% of Muslims living inLondon, where they make up 8.5% of the population. There are also large numbers ofMuslims in Birmingham, Manchester, Bradford, Luton, Slough, Leicesterand the mill townsof Northern England.

The local authorities with a Muslim population greater than 10% are:

London Borough of Tower Hamlets 36.4% 71,389 London Borough of Newham 24.3% 59,293 Blackburn with Darwen 19.4% 26,674 City of Bradford 16.1% 75,188 London Borough of Waltham Forest 15.1% 32,902 Luton 14.6% 26,963

Birmingham 14.3% 139,771 London Borough of Hackney 13.8% 27,908

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Pendle 13.4% 11,988 Slough 13.4% 15,897 London Borough of Brent 12.3% 32,290 London Borough of Redbridge 11.9% 28,487 City of Westminster11.8% 21,346

London Borough of Camden 11.6% 22,906 London Borough of Haringey 11.3% 24,371 Metropolitan Borough of Oldham 11.1% 24,039 Leicester11.0% 30,885 London Borough of Ealing 10.3% 31,033 Kirklees 10.1% 39,312

Notable mosques include the Baitul Futuh Mosque, London Central Mosque, Al-Rahmamosque,Birmingham Central Mosque, East London Mosque, Finsbury Park Mosque, AlMahdi Mosque, Darul Barakaat Mosque, London Markaz and Markazi mosque.

Judaism

Further information: History of the Jews in England

Until the 20th century Judaism was the only noticeable non-Christian religion having firstappeared in historical records during the Norman Conquest of 1066. In fact, from 1290 to1656, Judaism did not officially exist in England due to an outright expulsion in 1290 andofficial restrictions that were not lifted until 1656 (though historical records show that someJews did come back to England during the early part of the 17th century prior to the lifting ofthe restriction). Now, the presence of the Jewish culture and Jews in England today is one of

the largest in the world.

Hinduism

Further information: Hinduism in England

Early Hindus in England were mostly students during the 19th century. There have been threewaves of migration of Hindus to England since then.

Before India's Independence in 1947, Hindu migration was minuscule and largely temporary.

The second wave of Hindu migration occurred in the 1970s after the expulsion ofGujaratiHindus from Uganda. Initially, Hindu immigration was limited to Punjabi and GujaratiHindus, but, by 2000, small Hindu communities of every ethnicity could be found in England.England is also host to a large immigrant community ofSri Lankan Hindus who are mostlyTamils. The last wave of migration of Hindus has been taking place since the 1990s withrefugees from Sri Lanka and professionals from India. However,there is becoming anincreasing number of English Western Hindus in England,who have either converted fromanother faith or been an English Hindu from birth.

Sikhism

Further information: Sikhism in England

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The first Sikh Gurdwara (temple) was not established until 1911, at Putney in London.

The first Sikh migration came in the 1950s. It was mostly of men from the Punjab seekingwork in industries like foundries and textiles. These new arrivals mostly settled in London,Birmingham and West Yorkshire. Thousands of Sikhs from East Africa soon followed, this

mass immigration was caused by Idi Amin's persecution of ethnic groups in Uganda,thousands forced to flee the region in fear of losing their lives. [citation needed]

Buddhism

Further information: Buddhism in England

The earliest Buddhist influence on England came through the UK's imperial connections withSouth East Asia, and as a result the early connections were with the Theravada traditions ofBurma, Thailand, and Sri Lanka. The tradition of study resulted in the foundation of the Pali

Text Society, which undertook the task of translating the Pali Canon of Buddhist texts intoEnglish.

In 1924 London's Buddhist Society was founded, and in 1926 the Theravadin LondonBuddhist Vihara. The rate of growth was slow but steady through the century, and the 1950ssaw the development of interest in Zen Buddhism.

Formerly major in England

These faiths, all of which are considered to bepagan, have all been predominant in theregions that later made up England, though were all made extinct through Christianisation.

Celtic polytheism

During the Iron Age, Celtic polytheism was the predominant religion in the area now knownas England.

Roman polytheism

Roman polytheism was introduced to England when the Roman Empire invaded and occupiedthe area. The druids, the Celtic priestly caste who were believed to originate in Britain,[13]

were outlawed by Claudius,[14] and in 61 they vainly defended their sacred groves fromdestruction by the Romans on the island of Mona (Anglesey).[15] However, under Roman rulethe Britons continued to worship native Celtic deities, such as Ancasta, but often conflatedwith their Roman equivalents, like Mars Rigonemetos atNettleham.

It is difficult to gauge precisely to what extent earlier native beliefs survived. Certain northernEuropean ritual traits remain in archaeological records, such as the significance of the number3, the importance of the head and of water sources such as springs. However, the differencesin the votive offerings made at Bath before and after the Roman conquest suggest there wasonly partial continuity[citation needed]. Worship of the Emperor is widely recorded, especially atmilitary sites[citation needed]. The founding of a temple to Claudius at Camulodunum was one of

the impositions that led to the revolt of Boudica.

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Eastern cults such as Mithraism also grew in popularity towards the end of the occupation.The Temple of Mithras is one example of the popularity ofmystery religions amongst the richurban classes.

Germanic paganism

In the Dark Ages, immigrants from the European continent arrived, bringing Anglo-Saxonpaganism, a subset ofGermanic paganism with them. Later, after most of the Anglo-Saxonpeoples had converted to Christianity, Vikings from Scandinavia arrived, bringing with themNorse paganism.

Notable places of worship

The varied religious and ethnic history of England has left a wide range of religious buildings- churches, cathedrals, chapels,chapels of ease, synagogues, mosques and temples. Besides its

spiritual importance, the religious architecture includes buildings of importance to the tourismindustry and local pride. As a result of the Reformation, the ancient cathedrals remained in the

possession of the then-established churches, while most Roman Catholic churches date fromVictorian times or are of more recent construction (curiously, in Liverpool the ultra-moderndesign Roman Catholic cathedral was actually completed before the more traditional designof the Anglican cathedral, whose construction took most of the twentieth century). Notable

places of worship include:

Bevis Marks Synagogue - Jewish Birmingham Central Mosque - Islamic Brompton Oratory - Roman Catholic

Canterbury Cathedral - Church of England Finsbury Park Mosque - Islamic Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha - Sikh Metropolitan Tabernacle - Baptist Neasden Temple - Hindu Salisbury Cathedral- C of E Serbian Orthodox Church of St Lazar, Bournville - Serbian Orthodox St Chad's Cathedral - Roman Catholic St Paul's Cathedral - Church of England Stanmore and Canons Park Synagogue - Jewish Victoria Park Mosque - Islamic Westminster Abbey - Church of England Westminster Cathedral - Roman Catholic Westminster Central Hall - Methodist York Minster- Church of England

References

1. ^The Triumph of the Moon - A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, RonaldHutton2. ^'Fringe' Church winning the believers Timesonline, 19 December 2006

3. ^"Welcome". Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh. Archived from theoriginal on 23 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-05.

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4. ^"Current Hierarchs of the Archdiocese of Great Britain". Orthodox ResearchInstitute. 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-05.5. ^ Archbishop Gregorios of Thyateira & Great Britain (2000-04-21). "TheArchdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain and Orthodoxy in the British Isles".Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain. Retrieved 2008-09-05.

6. ^"Parishes, Missions and Clergy". Greek Orthodox Church of AntiochDeanery of the United Kingdom and Ireland. 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-05.7. ^"Who are the Mennonites?". London Mennonite Centre. Retrieved 2008-09-05.[dead link]

8. ^http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/oct/02/religion.world Largest Mosque inwestern Europe9. ^Gold imitation dinar of Offa, British Museum10. ^ Bah' Information Office (United Kingdom) (1989). "First Public Mentionsof the Bah' Faith". Retrieved 2008-02-18.11. ^The Bah' Faith in Cumbria bci.org accessed 6 January 200912. ^Welcome to the Bah's of Cornwall website of Cornish Bahais, accessed. 6

January 200913. ^ Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.1314. ^ Suetonius, Claudius 12.515. ^ Tacitus,Annals 14.30

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-ORI-hierarchs_3-0http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/constantinople/great_britain/current.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-thyateira-152_4-0http://thyateira.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=152http://thyateira.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=152http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-antiochan-parishes_5-0http://www.antiochan-orthodox.co.uk/Parishes/parishes.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-LMC10_6-0http://www.menno.org/node/10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-7http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/oct/02/religion.worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-8http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/g/gold_imitation_dinar_of_offa.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-9http://www.btinternet.com/~iain.s.palin/heritage/firsts.htmhttp://www.btinternet.com/~iain.s.palin/heritage/firsts.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-10http://bci.org/carlisle/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-11http://home.btconnect.com/Cornish-Bahais/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-12http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_6#13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-13http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html#25.5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-14http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+14.30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-ORI-hierarchs_3-0http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/constantinople/great_britain/current.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-thyateira-152_4-0http://thyateira.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=152http://thyateira.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=152http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-antiochan-parishes_5-0http://www.antiochan-orthodox.co.uk/Parishes/parishes.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Antiochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-LMC10_6-0http://www.menno.org/node/10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-7http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/oct/02/religion.worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-8http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/g/gold_imitation_dinar_of_offa.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-9http://www.btinternet.com/~iain.s.palin/heritage/firsts.htmhttp://www.btinternet.com/~iain.s.palin/heritage/firsts.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-10http://bci.org/carlisle/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-11http://home.btconnect.com/Cornish-Bahais/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-12http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_6#13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-13http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html#25.5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_England#cite_ref-14http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+14.30


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Questions and answers:

1. Which religion is the most widely practiced in England?Christianity is the most widely practiced and declared religion in England.

2. Are there any other religions practiced in England?After Christianity, religions with the most adherents are Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism,Judaism,Buddhism, the Bah' Faith, the Rastafari movement andNeopaganism. Thereare also organisations which promote irreligion, atheist humanism, and secularism.

3. Which religion was the only one created in England?

The only religion that was created in England is the neopagan Wicca.

4. Who introduced Christianity in England? When?

Christianity was first introduced through the Romans - English mythology links theintroduction of Christianity to England to the Glastonbury legend ofJoseph of Arimathea;

see also the legend ofSaint Lucius. Archaeological evidence for Christian communitiesbegins to appear in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Romano-British population after thewithdrawal of the Roman legions was mostly Christian.

5. What is the Anglicanism?

In 1536, the Church in England split from Rome over the issue of the divorce ofKingHenry VIII from Catherine of Aragon. The split led to the emergence of a separateecclesiastical authority. Later the influence of the Reformation resulted in the Church ofEngland adopting its distinctive reformed Catholic position known as Anglicanism.

6. Which are the main denomination of Pentecostal churches?There are three main denomination of Pentecostal churches:Assemblies of God in Great Britain are part of the World Assemblies of God Fellowship,Apostolic Church, Elim Pentecostal Church.

7. What kind of Orthodox Churches are there in England?

There are: Russian Orthodox Churches, Greek Orthodox Churches, Antiochian OrthodoxChurches, Serbian Orthodox Churches, Ukrainian Orthodox Churchesas well as a non-canonical Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Manchester.

8. Who is the patron saint of England?

Saint George is recognised as the patron saint of England, although prior to Edward III, StEdmund was recognised as England's patron saint, and the flag of England consists of thecross of St George. However, Saint Alban is venerated by some as England's firstChristian martyr.

9. Which faiths were practicedin the regions that later made up England?The faiths practiced in the regions that later made up England were Celtic polytheism,Roman polytheism and Germanic paganism.

10. What kind of places of worship can you find in England?

There is a wide range of religious buildings in England: churches, cathedrals, chapels,

chapels of ease, synagogues, mosques and temples.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_Faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafari_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopaganismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glastonburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimatheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_of_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano-Britishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_of_Roman_rule_in_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblies_of_Godhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Georgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_sainthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Edmundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Edmundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Albanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_(building)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_of_easehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synagoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_Faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafari_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopaganismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glastonburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimatheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_of_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano-Britishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_of_Roman_rule_in_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblies_of_Godhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Georgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_sainthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Edmundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Edmundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Albanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_(building)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_of_easehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synagoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple


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