religion and culture of the han ms. carmelitano. legalism the governmental philosophy during the...
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RELIGION AND CULTURE OF THE HANMs. Carmelitano
LEGALISM
The governmental philosophy during the Warring States Period and Qin Dynasty Based on the idea that humans are evil and harsh
punishments are needed to prevent crime and keep order in society
The head of the state commanded respect and obedience of the people
The country comes first not the individual
CONFUCIANISM
Founder: Confucius (King Fuzi): Born 552 BCE, died 479 BCE Teacher Founded Confucianism in 500 BCE Preached ideas of political virtue and good
government
CONFUCIANISM
Core Beliefs: Filial Piety: The idea that people must honor and respect
elders of their family The Five Relationships (Everyone has a role to follow in
society) Subjects must obey their ruler Wives must obey their husbands Children must obey their parents Younger brother must obey older brother Friends should help one another
Superior classes must practice modesty without excess Everyone should follow this code of politeness
ROLE ON GOVERNMENT
The Han Dynasty made Confucianism the official ideology of the state
Confucianism lead to the success of the empire Wudi created 18 different ranks of civil service jobs
Government jobs that civilians attained by taking examinations to ensure they were capable for the job
The exams tested applicants knowledge of Confucianism and its teachings
Wudi set up schools to teach Confucian ideals to future bureaucrats
TAOISM/ DAOISM
Chinese religion stressed the importance of a harmonious earthly life and the balance between the earth and heaven
Key elements: Belief in nature’s harmony and sense of nature’s mystery Nature contains a divine impulse that directs all life Dao – the way of nature
Founder: Laozi/Lao-Tsu
YIN/YANG
The symbol of Daoism Represents the world as being filled with
complimentary forces Action and non-action Light and dark Hot and cold Male and female
Includes many deities that are worshipped No omniscient god who created the universe In order to keep balance, followers practiced mediation and
feng shui
TECHNOLOGY
Paper 105 AD Before books were written on silk Paper made books cheaper and more readily available This helped to spread education and expand bureaucracy
Collar harness for horses Allowed horses to pull heavier loads than European harnesses
Plow Plow had 2 blades and was made of iron Wheel barrow and water mills
PAPER MAKING
COMMERCE OF THE HAN
Monopolies on mining of salt, forging of iron, minting of coins, and brewing of alcohol Monopoly, when a group has excusive control over
production and distribution of goods The Han also had a monopoly on Silk Production
The government owned the silk mills It was traded on the Silk Roads
THE SILK ROADS
WOMEN
Most were wives and nuns, some were scholars Poor women worked in the fields