Relative pronounsAugust 2015

Who / which / thatPeople

The movie is about an explorer. He finds an island.The movie is about a man who / that finds an island.

Things

She has a rabbit. It lives in the yard.She has a rabbit which / that lives in the yard.

This is a bridge. It connects Rio de janeiro and Niterói in BrazilThis is a bridge which / that connects Rio de Janeiro and Niterói in Brazil

• Relative clauses give important information about a noun. Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns. We use relative pronouns to avoid repeating a name or pronoun.

Joe’s the new student. He started high school last week.

Joe’s the new student who / that started high school last week.

This is my new computer. I bought it from my friend.

This is my new computer which / that I bought from my friend.

We use the relative pronoun who for people

•He wrote about a scientist who built a time machine.

We use the relative pronoun which with animals and objects

•The snakes which you just seen come from South America.

•This is the camera which Carlos used to take photos on his vacation.

We use the relative pronoun that with people, animals, and objects.

We usually use that in informal spoken and written english.

•Martin is the man that we saw yesterday.

•That is the café that is open untol 10 p.m

The infinitive of purpose

•An infinitive is to + the base form of the verb

•We use an infinitive to express a person’s reason for doing something.

I went to a café to buy a sandwich.

NOT I went to a café for buying a sandwichNOT I went to a café for to buy a sandwich

Which one…? / Which ones…?

•We use one instead of a singular noun.a small bottle a small one

•We use ones instead of a plural noun.small bottles small ones

•We can use Which one…? / Which ones…? As object pronouns in the interrogative form to refer to people or objects. We use them:

•When the choice is limited. “there’s some orange juice and some

water Which one would you like?”

•To avoid repetition.“Can I have some apples?”“Which ones? The big ones or the small

ones?”

1. This is the bank _____ was robbed yesterday.

2. The man _____   robbed the bank had two pistols.

3. He wore a mask  _____made him look like Mickey Mouse.

4. He came with a friend  _____  waited outside in the car.

5. The woman _____   gave him the money was young.

6. The bag _____   contained the money was yellow.

which

who

which

who

who

which

7. The people _____  were in the bank were very frightened.

8. The car ______  the bank robbers escaped in was orange.

9. The man  _____  drove the car was nervous.

10.He didn't wait at the traffic lights ______   were red.

who

which

who

which

Read the text• A VERY LONG LIFE. Timothy the tortoise was about 160 years old when he died at his home near Exeter in November 2005. Timothy, whose early life was spent at sea, was thought to be the oldest resident in Britain at the time. He was found by a British naval officer, Captain John Courtenay Everard, on a Portuguese ship in 1854. Everard, who was a relative of the Earl of Devon, adopted him and he became the mascot on a succession of British ships for nearly forty years. In 1892 he went to live at Powderham Castle, which is the historic home of the Earls of Devon, and in 1935 he was given a permanent home in the castle’s rose garden. Throughout his long life, Timothy showed a keen instinct for survival. During the second world war, for example, he felt the vibrations from the bombs that the Germans were dropping on Exeter and made his own air-raid shelter under some steps. He was also very healthy, never needing to see a vet until the last year of his life. At the time of his death, Timothy was owned by Lady Gabrielle Courtenay, who is the aunt of the current Earl of Devon. Lady Devon also lives at Powderham, where Timothy was given a family funeral and was buried in the grounds of the castle.

Answer the questions

1. Timothy… a. was born in the nineteen hundreds. b. died in the twentieth century. c. was found on board a British ship. d. was found by a relative of the Earl of Devon.

2. When did Timothy live at Powderham Castle? Until 1892. b. For more than 100 years. c. From 1854 to 2005. d. In the eighteenth century.

3. Where did Timothy spend most of his time? a. In the garden.b. In the castle. c. Under some steps. d. On the terrace.

4. Timothy… a. was ill for many years before he died. b. belonged to the Earl of Devon’s aunt. c. didn’t notice the bombs during the war. d. didn’t have a funeral.

Communication