RELATIVE CLAUSES(TOP MARKS UNIT 5, P 58. 122 )

Burlington Books

RELATIVE CLAUSES.

A.- DEFINITION. a relative clause contains essential or extra information about people or things.

B.- RELATIVE PRONOUNS. whose, which, who, when, where, that

C.- TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES.

- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES: ex: Japan is a country where earthquakes are very common.

- NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:ex: Elephants, which are very heavy, can live for many years.

RELATIVE CLAUSES.

B.- RELATIVE PRONOUNS. whose, which, who, when, where, that

-We use WHERE to refer to places. ex: Sri Lanka is a place where people like to go on holiday.

-We use THAT / WHO to refer to people / pets. ex: I remembered all the things that my yoga training had taught me.

-We use WHEN to refer to time. ex: I´ll always remember the morning when it happened.

-We use WHOSE to refer to possesion. ex: The tsunami, whose effects were terrible, will never be forgotten.

-We use THAT / WHICH to refer to things. ex: the wave, which was over a metre high, came out of nowhere.

C.- TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES.

1.- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:-contain essential information about people or things.-Relative pronouns: who, which, that, whose, can be omitted if they are not subject of the sentence.-“When” refers to time, “that” can be used, or can be omitted.-“Where” refers to place, it never can be omitted or place by “that”.

uses examplesWHO / THAT refer to people I talked to a man who / that survived the

earthquake

WHICH / THAT refer to objects The medicines which / that we´re using are from the Red Cross

WHEN refers to a moment in time

It was in 2005 when Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans.

WHERE refers to a particular place

Japan is a country where earthquakes are very common.

WHOSE refers to possesion He´s the boy whose mother saved many people´s lives.

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES.

When the subject can be omitted?: who , which, that, whose, can be omitted when they are not the subject of the sentence.

Ex: He is the doctor (who) I saw on TV

subject of the sentence

Ex: I talked to a man who survived the earthquake.

subject

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES.

preposition + relative: the relative is omitted, and the preposition comes at the end of the sentence.

Ex: I saw the car crash everyone is talking about. (Vi el accidente de tráfico del que habla todo el mundo)

Ex: Animal behaviour is a topic scientists are interested in. ( El comportamiento animal es un tema en el que se interesan los científicos)

C.- TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES.

1.- NON- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:

-Contain extra-information about people a things.-who, which, whose, when, where, and the relative can´t be omitted.-They go between commas.

uses examples

THAT can not replace WHO or WHICH

My brother, who lives in San Francisco, isn´t afraid of earthquakes.

Elephants, which are very heavy, can live for many years