relative clauses
TRANSCRIPT
Relative Clauses
• Review of Relative Clauses• Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses• Review of Relative Pronouns• Deleting Relative Pronouns
Relative Clauses
• The man who lives there is an architect.
What is the relative clause in this sentence?
• The man who lives there is an architect.
Clause - a part of a sentence (with a noun and verb)
Relative clause - gives more information about a person or thing
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses
• The man who lives there is an architect.
What if we take out the relative clause?
• The man is an architect.
Did this change the meaning of the sentence?
Yes. Which man? This man? That man? No, the man who lives there.
This clause answers “Which one?”. It is Restrictive.
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses
• Toshi, who is forty seven, lives in Japan.
What if we take out the relative clause?
• Toshi lives in Japan.
Did this change the meaning of the sentence?
No. Who lives in Japan? Toshi.
This clause gives extra information. It is Nonrestrictive.
RELATIVE CLAUSESRESTRICTIVE CLAUSES NONRESTRICTIVE CLAUSES
Don’t answer “Which One?”
Give extra information
Don’t change the meaning of
the sentence
Examples:
Ann, who swims well, is my
sister.
My apartment, which is close, is
not very expensive.
My dad, who is very tall, is thin.
Answer “Which One?”
Give necessary information
Change the meaning of the sentence
Examples:
People who don’t exercise get
fat.
The money that you have is
mine.
The town that I live in is
Emporia.
RELATIVE CLAUSESRESTRICTIVE CLAUSES NONRESTRICTIVE CLAUSES
Answer “Which One?”
Give necessary information
Change the meaning of the sentence
Examples:
People who don’t exercise get
fat.
The money that you have is
mine.
The town that I live in is
Emporia.
Relative Pronouns
What is the relative pronoun in these sentences?
• The video that we watched was unbelievable.
• Your friend who left was nice.• Samantha, whose eyes are blue, lives in Denver.
• My book, which is on the table, is green.
Relative Pronouns
What is the relative pronoun in these sentences?
• The video that we watched was unbelievable.
• Your friend who left was nice.• Samantha, whose eyes are blue, lives in Denver.
• My book, which is on the table, is green.
Relative Pronouns• The video that we watched was unbelievable
• use that for restrictive clauses
• Your friend who left was nice.
• use who for people
• Samantha, whose eyes are blue, lives in Denver.
• use whose for something had or owned by someone
• My book, which is on the table, is green.
• use which for nonrestrictive clauses
Relative Pronouns
• The meal that I ate yesterday was excellent.
• What is the relative pronoun in this sentence?
• The meal that I ate yesterday was excellent.
• What is the job of that in the relative clause?
that I ate yesterday
I ate that yesterday
The object! I ate it.
Relative Pronouns
• The person who works here is gone.
• What is the relative pronoun in this sentence?
• The person who works here is gone.
• What is the job of who in the relative clause?
who works here
he/she works here
The subject!
WHEN CAN WE DELETE THE PRONOUN?
CAN WE DELETE THE PRONOUN?
RestrictiveRestrictive NonrestrictiveNonrestrictive
NONOWhat is the job of the relative What is the job of the relative
pronoun?pronoun?
ObjectObject??
Subject + BE?Subject + BE?
Delete Delete subject subject + be+ be
The phone that you bought was The phone that you bought was cheap.cheap. The rabbit who is in my garden is evil. The rabbit who is in my garden is evil.
Delete Delete pronounpronoun
Chapter 12 Exercise 3
1. Last month Charlie fell in love with Amy, who(m) he had been introduced to by some friends.
I bought a chair. Tom made the chair.
I bought a chair that Tom made.
Chapter 12 Exercise 3
2. She had a number of positive characteristics that Charlie found attractive.
He had several cars. I liked the cars a lot.
He had several cars that I liked a lot.
Chapter 12 Exercise 4
1. I like people who are funny and nice.
2. People who are friendly and honest like me.
3. I like food that is spicy.
4. I like leisure activities that require exercise.
5. I want to marry a person who is nice.
Chapter 12 Exercise 4
6. A person who is tall and handsome will want to marry me.
7. Practice that makes me think hard to learn English.
8. Governments that help people are the best.
Common Mistakes#1: I have friends who lives in Emporia.
My sisters, who works at home, are young.
#2: My computer, which I bought in California, it is very fast.
John, who is from Kansas City, he is nice.
#3: The students that I know are hard workers.