Relationships

Mrs. HarlinMrs. Harlin

2.1.3

Explain various ways organisms interact with each other (including predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism) and with their environments resulting in stability within ecosystems.

SymbiosisSymbiosis

two or more species two or more species live together in a live together in a close, long-term close, long-term association.association.

Mutualism

How are both organisms benefiting?

http://www.arkive.org/galapagos-mockingbird/mimus-parvulus/video-08b.html

Mutualism

- both species benefit.- both species benefit. +/+ relationship+/+ relationship

Ex: mycorrhizae (fungus and plant root Ex: mycorrhizae (fungus and plant root tips), Galapagos lizard and birdtips), Galapagos lizard and bird

Parasitism

Who is benefitting and how? Who is being harmed and how?

http://www.arkive.org/pale-throated-three-toed-sloth/bradypus-tridactylus/video-11b.html

ParasitismParasitism- one species benefits at the expense of the other.- one species benefits at the expense of the other.

One organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, One organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, typically larger, organism. typically larger, organism.

+/- relationship+/- relationship Ex: tape worms, ticks, fleas, mosquitosEx: tape worms, ticks, fleas, mosquitos

Predator-Prey

Who is the predator? Who is the prey?

http://www.arkive.org/polar-bear/ursus-maritimus/video-08e.html

Who is the predator? Who is the prey?

http://www.arkive.org/polar-bear/ursus-maritimus/video-08e.html

Predators and Prey Predators and Prey CoevolveCoevolve

Predation is the act of one organism Predation is the act of one organism killing another for food.killing another for food. Ex: Lions and zebras; spiders and Ex: Lions and zebras; spiders and

insectsinsects

http://rosswarner.com/lion.htmlhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070912145919.htm

Plant Defenses Against Plant Defenses Against HerbivoresHerbivores

Plants often Plants often become prey.become prey. Defenses include Defenses include

thorns, spines, and thorns, spines, and prickles.prickles.

Virtually all plants Virtually all plants contain defensive contain defensive compounds called compounds called secondary secondary compounds.compounds.

Predator/Prey Relationships

Competition

What are the organisms fighting for?

http://www.arkive.org/green-iguana/iguana-iguana/video-12.html

CompetitionCompetition

Interaction among species help Interaction among species help shape communities. shape communities.

Competition occurs when two Competition occurs when two species use the same limited species use the same limited resource.resource.

Competition can limit how species Competition can limit how species use resources.use resources.

Limiting Factors of Growth

These pressures may cause a population to stabilize. Graphed the population would look like a S-shaped curve (logistic model). This means the organisms have reached the carrying capacity (K) of their environment.

Communication

Pheromones- chemicals released by bees, ants, and termites.

Sounds Echolocation

http://www.arkive.org/barbary-macaque/macaca-sylvanus/video-12a.html

http://www.arkive.org/army-ant/eciton-burchellii/video-08a.html

http://www.arkive.org/humpback-whale/megaptera-novaeangliae/video-09d.html

Courtship Dances

Showing off traits to impress a mate.

http://www.arkive.org/andean-flamingo/phoenicoparrus-andinus/video-09a.html#text=Range

http://www.arkive.org/malaysian-peacock-pheasant/polyplectron-malacense/video-00.html#text=Range

Territorial Defense

Defending space. Ex: fighting fish

http://www.arkive.org/bullhead/cottus-gobio/video-12.html

http://www.arkive.org/african-elephant/loxodonta-africana/video-12a.html