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Reinventing Wastewater From Wastestream to Resource

MWRD PWO Seminar

May 23, 2012

Jeff Berlin, P.E.

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This seminar is focused on advances in

energy and resource recovery in wastewater Speaker Topic

7:30am-8:00am INTRODUCTIONS

8:00am-8:45am Jeff Berlin, Carollo Reinventing Wastewater: From Wastestream to Resource

8:45am-9:30am Bill Hoyt, Colorado Springs

Utilities Ammonia Based Aeration Control - Case Study 1

9:30am-9:45am BREAK

9:45am-10:30am Craig Barnes, MWRD Ammonia Based Aeration Control - Case Study 2

10:30am-11:15am John Lindstrom, City of

Pueblo High Efficiency Blowers - Case Study

11:15am-11:45pm Derek Shockley, Xcel Energy Xcel's Rebate Program

11:45am-12:30pm LUNCH

12:30pm-1:15pm Art Umble, MWH Perspectives on a Wastewater as a Resource

1:15pm-2:00pm Beverley Stinson, AECOM Deammonification - Energy Efficient Nitrogen Removal

2:00pm- 2:15pm BREAK

2:15pm-3:00pm Dale Gabel, CH2M Hill Codigestion Case Studies - Enhancing Energy Recovery

from Sludge Treatment

3:15pm-4:00pm Barbara Biggs, MWRD Nutrients Limits in Light of the Paradigm Shift Occurring in

Our Industry

4:00pm-4:15pm CLOSING REMARKS AND CERTIFICATES

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There are five key trends for the future of

wastewater treatment

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A short history of wastewater

treatment…begins with disposal

Photos from www.sewerhistory.org

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What Could change this paradigm? What Could change this paradigm?

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Increasing flows led to construction of

sewers for disposal…

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Cholera, John Snow, and the advent of

modern sanitation

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Early wastewater treatment was focused

on mitigating sanitation problems

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A Sea Change…the Clean Water Act

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What is the next step in the evolution of

the wastewater industry?

Disposal

Sanitation

Environmental Protection

Resource Recovery

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Significant resources exist in wastewater

1. Chemical energy – BOD/Carbon

2. Nutrients – Nitrogen & Phosphorus

3. Thermal energy – Heat

4. Hydraulic energy – Head

5. Trace elements – Metals

6. And the obvious…Water!

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Municipal wastewater treatment

consumes 4% of the nation’s electricity

EPA, 2010, Evaluation of Energy Conservation Measures for WWTFs

100,000,000,000 kWh per year

3,200 kWh per second

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Where does the energy go?

Chlorination,

WERF, 2010, Energy Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment in North America

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UV disinfection adds a large energy cost

WERF, 2010, and Carollo internal database

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How does your plant compare to others?

• Energy Star Benchmarking Tool for Wastewater

– Portfolio Manager software – used by more than

30,000 organizations

– www.energystar.gov/benchmark

• Input energy use and operations characteristics

– Compare performance to other similar facilities

– Rate your plant’s efficiency on a scale of 1 to 100

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Increasing treatment increases energy

demand

WERF, 2010, Energy Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment in North America

Nitrification

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Significant focus of industry research on

reducing energy demand

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So where can we look to reduce energy

demand?

• Aeration - opportunity

for significant savings

– DO setpoints

– Deammonification

– Blower sizing &

technology

– Demand charges &

peak shaving

Chlorination,

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But what about energy production?

• Typical biosolids have a heat value of ~8,000

BTU per dry pound

– About the same as low grade coal

– 1 dry pound 2.3 kWh

• Anaerobic digestion converts some of this

energy to biogas

– Biogas ~600 BTU/CF; Natural gas ~1,000 BTU/CF

– 1 MG WW 10,000 CF biogas 1,760 kWh

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When does cogeneration make sense?

• Industry experience

– Anaerobic digestion becomes cost-

effective at about 10 mgd

– Energy recovery becomes cost-

effective at about 20 mgd

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Advanced

Dig

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uel

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EBMUD – Net zero energy

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Carbon and biogas have the potential to

replace higher value products

$0.00

$5.00

$10.00

$15.00

$20.00

$25.00

$30.00

$35.00

$40.00

Natural Gas Electricity Methanol Gasoline Diesel

$/M

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Heating Digesters

Opportunity to Offset

Supplemental Carbon

May be the Future of the Industry

Cogeneration

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Nutrients – valuable enough to pay for!

15 pounds of 7-1-2

4,000 gallons for N

3,600 gallons for P

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Peak Phosphorus?

• 17 million tons/year used in agriculture

• 90% of world’s known reserves in five countries

– US, China, Morocco, Jordan, and South Africa

– Estimated 30 year supply

– 65% of US supply in one mine in Tampa, FL

• Significant price inflation

• Unlike fossil fuels, can be reused

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New nutrient regulations in Colorado

Reg 85

(Existing

Facilities)

Parameter Annual Median

TIN (nitrate + nitrite + ammonia)

15 mg/L

TP 1.0 mg/L

Reg 31

(Long-

term

impacts)

Parameter Rivers Lakes

TN 2.0 mg/L 0.9 mg/L

TP 0.2 mg/L 0.08 mg/L

Reg 85

(New

Facilities)

Parameter Annual Median

TIN (nitrate + nitrite + ammonia)

7 mg/L

TP 0.7 mg/L

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Gravity Thickener

Land Application

When you remove nutrients from

wastewater, where do they go?

• Concentrated dewatering side streams – ~1,000 mg/L as N

– ~150 mg/L as P

100%

85%

15%

20-50%

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For once, we want struvite…

• Magnesium ammonium phosphate

– NH4MgPO4·6H2O

– ~ 5-28-0 fertilizer equivalent

• Benefits

– Recover nutrients

• High % of P

• Moderate amount of N

– Reduce chemical use & aeration

– Energy efficient

– Enhanced process stability

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Wastewater should no longer be

considered a wastestream…but a resource

• Wastewater treatment uses a lot of energy; much

of this energy use can be directly offset

– Improved efficiency

– Increased production

• Nutrient removal demands significant capital and

operating investment

– Aeration is over 50% of WW energy demand

– Nutrient recovery is an emerging direction

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Energy resources

• Consortium for Energy Efficiency

– www.cee1.org

• EPA Energy Efficiency

– http://water.epa.gov

– http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/sustain/energyeffici

ency.cfm

• WERF

– www.werf.org

– http://cheapet.werf.org/home/

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This seminar is focused on advances in

energy and resource recovery in wastewater Speaker Topic

7:30am-8:00am INTRODUCTIONS

8:00am-8:45am Jeff Berlin, Carollo Reinventing Wastewater: From Wastestream to Resource

8:45am-9:30am Bill Hoyt, Colorado Springs

Utilities Ammonia Based Aeration Control - Case Study 1

9:30am-9:45am BREAK

9:45am-10:30am Craig Barnes, MWRD Ammonia Based Aeration Control - Case Study 2

10:30am-11:15am John Lindstrom, City of

Pueblo High Efficiency Blowers - Case Study

11:15am-11:45pm Derek Shockley, Xcel Energy Xcel's Rebate Program

11:45am-12:30pm LUNCH

12:30pm-1:15pm Art Umble, MWH Perspectives on a Wastewater as a Resource

1:15pm-2:00pm Beverley Stinson, AECOM Deammonification - Energy Efficient Nitrogen Removal

2:00pm- 2:15pm BREAK

2:15pm-3:00pm Dale Gabel, CH2M Hill Codigestion Case Studies - Enhancing Energy Recovery

from Sludge Treatment

3:15pm-4:00pm Barbara Biggs, MWRD Nutrients Limits in Light of the Paradigm Shift Occurring in

Our Industry

4:00pm-4:15pm CLOSING REMARKS AND CERTIFICATES