reinforcing the nurses on zero waste (n0w) management strategy at western mindanao state university-...

7/26/2019 Reinforcing the Nurses on Zero Waste (n0w) Management Strategy at Western Mindanao State University- Colleg…

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

This chapter will cover the background of the study which gives an overview of

the study and the reason why it will be. conducted by the researchers, the statement of

the problem, hypothesis and assumptions as well as the significance of the study

which enumerates the beneficiaries of the study, and its scope and delimitation.

A. Background of the Study

It is already known for a fact that if a certain implemented action is a

management strategy, assessment and evaluation really follow. These assessments

and evaluation are the medium to verify whether or not the strategies that are being

planned and implemented yield positive results and consequently, great benefits. On

the other hand, if the results were negative, there will really be a need for re-

evaluation and reassessment of the said management strategy. These will be a guide

to determine the impact of the management strategy’s effectiveness or if further

assessment and a revision of the strategy are needed.

ver since human beings lived in this world and with the world growing a

year after another, waste management has really been a long-term and an often severe

environmental problem that has not only been observed in communities, but also in

schools or universities such as in the !estern "indanao #tate $niversity’s %ollege of

&ursing which with the great initiative of the students and faculty alike, has recently

soft-launched a 'ero !aste "anagement known as the (&)!* which means &urses

on 'ero !aste. +ealistically, the waste management strategy has been the initiative of

two research groups, one implemented in the year )-) and the other on the

academic year )/-)0 which aimed to establish a sustainable 'ero !aste

"anagement strategy at !estern "indanao #tate $niversity %ollege of &ursing andto (strengthen* it.

The study of the first research group led by &urshida #alikala specifically

focused on the following three problems1 23 the development of 4ero waste

management strategy for the !"#$- %ollege of &ursing, 23 conducting a forum to

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introduce the 'ero !aste "anagement #trategy with stake holders 2the nursing

administrators and staff, student government and its corresponding student body, and

23 monitoring and evaluating the outcome of the 'ero !aste "anagement.

$nfortunately only the first and second focus problems were accomplished due to the

unpredicted circumstances relating to the 'amboanga %risis. "oreover, the second

research group led by %hesylyn 5. %oronel with their research adviser 6r. #usan

6ela %ru4 originally decided to strengthen the said 4ero waste management and will

also postulate problems or reasons why the rd focus problem of the first research

group was not met. Their research study was converted into an action research and it

also focused on answering the following questions1 23 !hat were the significant

changes observed as an effect of the &O! "anagement #trategy at the !"#$-%&7

23 !hat are the perceived barriers to the implementation of the &O!7 23 !hat are

the practices needed to strengthen the implementation of &O!7 8nd 2/3 !hat are the

benefits derived from the strengthened &O! "anagement strategy. 9uite

interestingly, the group were really able to meet the research ob:ectives but through

time, it was reali4ed that there is no sustainability.

%onsequently, following the footsteps of the previous researchers and hoping

to leave a legacy to the college, it was decided to continue their initiative and to

further the data gathered regarding 4ero waste management in the university because

one of its main goal is to be an environmentally-friendly university. The study would

like to focus on the third focus problem of the first group which concentrates on

monitoring the effectiveness of the implemented &O! ; the impact that it gave to

the %& populace and to also answer the questions postulated by the second group.

This research study intends to reinforce and determine the impact achieved by

the &urses on 'ero !aste 2&)!3 "anagement #trategy at the !estern "indanao

#tate $niversity- %ollege of &ursing. The main difference between the study done by

the second research group and this study is that this study aimed to implement more

policies regarding environmental concerns in the college and to impose penalties in

case the %& populace would not follow the rules and regulations regarding the

policies. 8lso, the research study has a goal of serving as a model for other colleges

in !estern "indanao #tate $niversity, schools, colleges and universities in

'amboanga %ity, as well as other aspiring national and international schools that are

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planning to implement a 'ero !aste "anagement #trategy of their own. If there is

longevity already and effectiveness on the implementation of the &urses on 'ero

!aste "anagement #trategy which is implemented on !"#$-%&, it will already be

converted into (!)!* which stands for !"#$ on 'ero !aste.

<urthermore, the researchers conducted a dry-run dissemination of the

research instrument to further and strengthen the data for the study. The researchers

utili4ed the same methodology stated in chapter three and the instrument was divided

into two parts namely the questionnaire checklist and the interview guide. =ased on

the results of the first part of the survey, it was concluded that among the four

divisions namely the classrooms, the comfort rooms, the surrounding environment

and the reinforcement of &)!, the comfort room has the lowest overall mean score

which basically led the researchers to conclude that the comfort room is one of the

main problem of the college populace. 8mong all the items of the survey, the item

no.) which is stated as (no foul odors 2urine, feces, menses, etc3 are observed*

garnered the lowest mean score which means that aside from having a dirty comfort

rooms as shown in the results of the survey, the college also has a problem in terms of

the smell of the pro>imate %+’s. The researchers also interpreted that there really is a

need to hire a separate employee to maintain the cleanliness of the comfort rooms. On

the bright side, the last part of the first part of the survey got the highest mean score

and when the results are interpreted, it can be observed that there really is a need to

add more policies to strengthen the &)! "anagement #trategy, Task <orce &)!

2T<&3 is also needed to regulate and monitor the status quo of the management

strategy and there really is a need to impose sanctions to those who violate the

implementing rules and regulations of the &)!. 8s for the qualitative data of the

research, ma:ority of the respondents answered that &)! is an effective waste

management strategy but cooperation and discipline must be instilled on the students

so that it will be reinforced. "oreover, it is evident on the results of the survey that

?0@ of the respondents said that not everyone is helping on the effective

implementation of the waste management strategy. 8lso, ma:ority of the respondents

answered that indeed, adding more policies will be an effective approach for the full

implementation of the waste management strategy. Aastly, ma:ority believes that

giving sanctions to the violators of the implementing rules and regulations of the

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&)! should be imposed so that there will be less violators and adherence to the rules

and regulations of the said waste management strategy will be achieved. !ith all

these said, the researchers decided to continue the waste management strategy.

B. Statement of the Probem

This study aimed to determine the outcome of the &)! 2&urses on 'ero

!aste3 "anagement #trategy at the %ollege of &ursing of !estern "indanao

#tate $niversity. Intrinsically, the research study intended to answer the following

questions1

. !hat are the significant improvements observed as an effect of the &urses on

'ero !aste 2&)!3 "anagement #trategy at the !"#$-%&7. !hat are the perceived barriers to the implementation of &)!7

. !hat interventions are needed to reinforce the implementation of &)!7

C. A!!um"t#on!

There were significant improvements observed pertaining to the

environmental sanitation status at the !estern "indanao #tate $niversity

%ollege of &ursing because of the proper (&)!* pro:ect implementation. !ith

continuous monitoring, reassessment and re-evaluation, the desired outcome of

the 'ero !aste "anagement will be achieved.

The cooperation and student’s behaviour of the !estern "indanao #tate

$niversity, %ollege of &ursing and the lack of information and knowledge about

the &O! pro:ect are the perceived barriers to the full effectiveness of the

implementation of the pro:ect.

=etter dissemination of information, soft launching and particular

imposition of the implementing guidelines will be a help in strengthening the

impact of the &O! pro:ect. 8dding policies is of utmost importance and creates

an impact to the implementation of the &O!.

$. S#gn#f#cance of the Study

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#tepping out of the hospital doesn’t mean the end of a nurse’s duties in

promoting health and prevention of illness. 8s nurses in the future, establishing

an attitude that would be effective in leading other people to follow advocacies

must take place in an early stage. The change in oneself must be the core in

every practice to encourage people a simple start for a better development of

oneself, and the other aspects of their lives would follow.

The significance of reinforcing &urses on 'ero !aste "anagement

#trategy is beneficial in many ways on the different beneficiaries1

<or the students- to develop a more disciplined attitude when it comes to

the cleanliness of their own environment and to maintain a good impression to

other colleges in the university which may ultimately influence them to

participate in their respective colleges.

<or the teachers- to have an atmosphere conducive for teaching and to

encourage every student for an independent resolution in pursuing an

environment conducive for learning.

<or the utility workers of the college- for them to have lesser concerns

when it comes to the maintenance of the cleanliness of each classroom.

<or the College Administration- to utili4e the development of this study in

the implementation of a better college in the maintenance of cleanliness and

orderliness.

The different organizations in the college- for them to show their

contributions as an organi4ation which would help the students achieve the

desired cleanliness and orderliness.

<or the future researchers- to be able to work hand - in - hand with the

other colleges in regard of the cleanliness and orderliness desired for the

university to achieve.

E. Sco"e and L#m#tat#on

5



This study will focus on the impact of the &)! 2&urses on 'ero !aste3

"anagement #trategy that the previous research group implemented which was

on &ovember )/ at the !"#$- %ollege of &ursing in 'amboanga %ity.

8 survey with a questionnaire checklist with interview guide will bedisseminated to evaluate the impact of &urses on 'ero !aste "anagement

#trategy. Two sets of the questionnaire checklist and the interview guide will be

given to the students, the first one’s distributed before the implementation of

&)! and the second one will be filled-up by the students after the &)! has

been implemented. The purpose of giving two sets of questionnaire checklist

and interview guide is to assess and evaluate the knowledge of the respondents

before and after the implementation of &)!. <urthermore, the first set aimed to

assess the current knowledge of the students regarding the previously

implemented &O! Bro:ect and the status on the environmental condition of the

!"#$-%& and the second set of questionnaire checklist and interview guide

will be distributed to evaluate the knowledge base and effectiveness of the

newly implemented &)! "anagement #trategy. 8lso, aside from the checklist

and interview guide, the researchers would also schedule a proper one-on-one

interview with the faculty assigned in the &)! "anagement #trategy which is

Brofessor 8gnes %astillo. The respondents of the research study are the members

of the %ollege 8dministration such as the 6ean, 8ssociate 6ean, %ollege

#ecretary, %lerksC <aculty 2regular teachers and visiting lecturers3C utility

workersC the students from level II, III and ID of the #E )?-)F. This study

will be conducted at the !"#$- %ollege of &ursing, 'amboanga %ity during

the first semester of #E )?-)F.

CHAPTER %

THEORET&CAL A'$ CO'CEPT(AL )RAME*OR+

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This chapter discusses the review of related literature, the related studies, the

theoretical and conceptual framework and defines some salient terms utili4ed in the

study.

A. L#terature Re,#e-

'ero !aste is a goal, a process, a way of thinking that profoundly changes our

approach to resources and production. 'ero !aste is not about recycling and diversion

from landfills but about restructuring production and distribution systems to prevent

waste from being manufactured in the first place. The materials that are still required in

these re-designed, resource-efficient systems will be reused many times as the products

that incorporate them are reused 2Towards Zero Waste, )0. +etrieved from

http1GGweb.calstatela.eduGlibraryGguidesGapa.pdf3

<urthermore, Zero Waste refers to waste management and planning approaches

which emphasi4e waste prevention as opposed to end of pipe waste management 2#now

; 6ickinson, ))C #piegelman, ))?3. 'ero waste encompasses more than eliminating

waste through recycling and reuseC it focuses on restructuring production and distribution

systems to reduce waste 2%.E. Eoung, ))3. 8n important consideration of the 4ero

waste philosophy is that it is more of a goal, or ideal rather than a hard target. ven if it is

not possible to completely eliminate waste due to physical constraints or prohibitive

costs, 4ero waste provides guiding principles for continually working towards eliminating

wastes 2#now ; 6ickinson, ))3 and there are many successful cases around the world

which resulted from the implementation of the 4ero waste philosophy 2Townend, ))3.

The 4ero waste philosophy has been adopted as a guiding principle by several

governmental organi4ations as well as industries 2#now ; 6ickinson, ))C Townend,

))3.

8ccording to %onnet ; #heeehan 2))3, because the focus of 4ero waste is on

eliminating waste from the outset, it requires heavy involvement primarily from industry

and government since they are presented with many advantages over individual citi4ens.

In fact, 4ero waste will not be possible without significant efforts and actions from

industry and government. Industry has control over product and packaging design,

manufacturing processes, and material selection 2Townend, ))3. "eanwhile,

7



governments have the ability to form policy and provide subsidies for better product

manufacturing, design and saleC and the ability to develop and adopt comprehensive

waste management strategies which seek to eliminate waste rather than manage it 2#now

; 6ickinson, ))3. 6ue to the heavy involvement of industry in eliminating waste,

e>tended producer responsibility is often an essential component of 4ero waste strategies

2#piegelman, ))?3.

On the other hand, waste management is a refined terminology that refers to the

garbage or trash management. 8s long as humans have been living in settled

communities, improper waste management has always been an issue. Industriali4ed

nations can generate in pounds of solid waste per consumer thus making it a big problem

for the world’s undying waste destitution.

The !orld 5ealth Organi4ation 2!5O3 estimates that .F billion people lacked

adequate sanitation worldwide in H, and the $& estimated in HH), that population

increases alone would add almost H)) million people to this number by the end of the

century. >creta from most of this segment of the world eventually reaches the marine

environment via rivers, streams, canals, gullies, direct discharge, and percolation through

soils with ground water.

Brimary cause of this is the fact that there are too many people living in too

unequal societies who are making use of too many unsustainable technologies and are

consuming too many resources, which eventually produce too many waste. #ustainability

may be brought about through smaller populations living in relatively equal societies,

making use of appropriate green technologies, consuming responsibly, reusing waste, and

producing less waste.

!aste problem being one of the foremost and mounting problems in other

countries have been ha4ardous not only on human health but also causes depletion for

lands which is why solid waste was generated. It is a system for handling all of the

world’s trash, be it municipal waste collection, recycling programs, dumps and

incinerators 2!5O, )3.

#ince human cities began to be more rigorous, solid waste management became a

serious matter and because of this, solid waste management is a multimillion dollar

business in some industriali4ed nations today. "ost cities require citi4ens to disburse for

8



waste collection to live up with the goal of garbage reduction. #olid !aste "anagement

is also focused on developing environmentally sound methods of handling garbage.

There are lots of methods proposed in order to have proper waste management but

few of which are no longer wanted like recycling. There are processes which are more

applicable and did not fit in anymore like recycling, for we all know not everything can

be recycled. &evertheless, it may reduce the amount of waste but still fail to the band end

solution denominator.

Jovernments around the world have become aware that fast solutions to the waste

management that relies on landfills and and incineration or the burning of waste. This

cannot offer a sustainable solution in a world with growing population. &ot to mention

the negative impacts it may cause to the atmosphere. &evertheless, there are technologies

invented which diminishes waste in a cost effective manner without polluting the

environment like gasification technology. !aste will always be around while humans

e>ist, it is :ust a matter of proper waste disposal along with a little care and a kick of

initiative to give resolution to this undying problem 2Aenhart, )3.

#olid waste management is a challenge in cities in developing countries. Bast

research has identified that stakeholders or people or organi4ations that may have an

interest in adequate waste management. The stakeholders reported are the national and

local government 2#hekdar, ))H3, municipal authorities, city corporations, &on-

government Organi4ations 2&JO’s3, households 2#u:auddin, ))3, private contractors,

"inistries of 5ealth, nvironment, conomy and <inance 2Tai, )3.

#ome scholars have identified factors influencing the elements of the waste

management systems. 8ccording to #u:auddin 2))3, the generation of waste is

influenced by family si4e, their education level and the monthly income. 5ousehold

attitude related to separation of waste are affected by active support and invesment of real

estate company, community residential committees’ involvement for public participation

2'huang, ))3 and fee for collection service based on the waste volume or weight

2#cheinberg, )3. Jender, peer influence, land si4e, location of household and

membership of environmetal organi4ation e>plain household waste utili4ation and

separation behavior 2kere, ))H3.

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!ith the arth’s human inhabitants being the way they are, however,

environmental deterioration continues to increase. The rapid depletion of natural

resources is happening in all nations and significantly straining the quality of the planet’s

water, soil, and air. It is estimated that the arth’s renewable natural resources has

declined by over thirty percent over the last thirty years while the demands on them has

increased by fifty percent 2#trategies, ))3.

This environmental deterioration is made worst by the indiscriminate disposal of

waste materials. !henever something is thrown out or is considered to be waste,

resources are lost. This called for the e>traction of more natural resources to replenish our

society’s never ending need for more products. Inevitably, these new products are used

and eventually thrown away as waste and the cycle continues. 8s our waste piles up to

infinity, the arth’s natural resources only become more noticeabe ; finite.

8ccording to #olid !aste "anagement #trategy 2#!"# of ))?, part F3,

members of the public are supposed to be educated in matters of waste management such

as sorting or reparation of wastes according to their categories of organic and inorganic,

waste recycling, home composting, waste minimi4ation and adherence to waste

management laws.

8 significant component to successful waste reduction programs is public

participation and recini4ing and understanding the factors that influence participation is

important in the effort to identify and promote sustainable solid waste management

solutions 2"cKen4ie-"ohr, )))3.

The Bhilippine government drew up a decree to further the environmental cause.

Aast Luly /, ))), the Bhilippine %ongress enacted +8 H)) or the cological #olid

!aste "anagement 8ct. This 8ct provides for an ecological solid waste management

program, creating the necesssary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring

certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds thereof, and for other

purposes. This act mandated the 6epartment of ducation 26epd3, the Technical

ducation and #kill 6evelopment 8uthority 2T#683, the %ommission on 5igher

ducation 2%563, the 6epatment of nvironment and &atural +esources 26&+3, and

other concerned government agencies to (incorporate ecological solid waste management

in the school system at all levels* 2+8 H)), )))3.

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This trend towards enlisting educational institutions had been taken up by private

organi4ations after the &ational #olid !aste "anagement %ommission 2&#!"%3

established a comprehensive approach in ( "ainstreaming cological #olid !aste

"anagement in the Bhilippine ducation #ystem Bro:ect*. Through the implementation

of the 6&+, the pro:ect sought to enhance the capacity of students’ waste management

through an cological #olid !aste "anagement Training Brogram 2cological, n.d.3.

In ))/, a total of ) cities responding H/@ of the total )H had organi4ed their

#olid !aste "anagement =oard 2#!"=3 in accordance with the provisions of +8 H)).

Of this number, however, only /H cities or //@ had effective #!"=s.

In ))/, a total of H cities or about 0@ of the total )F urban centers had

formulated their respective )-year #olid !aste "anagement Brogram 2#!"Bs3. Of

this number, only ?F cities had formulated quality #!"Bs in accordance with the

minimum requirements of +8 H)). 8nother 0 cities had demonstarted high

performance level of formulating quality #!"Bs. <urthermore, the remaining 0 cities

had within and below benchmark capacity levels in preparing their respective #!"Bs

2Torres, ))H3.

In 'amboanga %ity, large percentage of solid wastes normally comes from

domestic sources and the rest come from industries. &ot all solid wste generated are

collected and properly disposedC only about F)@ to )@ are collected and the balance are

either left on the streets, dumped into storm drains, esteros, canals, creeks and rivers.

Others are burned, thereby creating air pollution, or recycled by scavengers. +esidential

wastes, which is about 0)0 of the total waste generated, constituted the single largest

source of solid wastes.

It is estimated that around 0) to /0) cubic meters per day 2mGday3 of solid

wastes are generated by the city, out of this generated solid wastes, around F)0 to F@

are collected everyday 2'% Bublic #ervice Office, ))3.

=ased on the statistical record of '% Bublic #ervice Office from October HH? to

Lanuary HHF, garbage collected and disposed per month by %ity Bublic #ervices

averaged ?? cubic meters while that of the Brivate is equal to ,?0/ cubic meters. It is

noticeable that the increasing amount of garbage collected every month indicates that

waste generation has correspondingly increased.

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To overcome the problem of solid waste management, the members of the

#angguniang Banlungsod of the %ity of 'amboanga passed Ordinance H-), in which

guidelines are prescribed to regulate the mode of operation of the %ity garbage collection

system and imposing a fee in the disposal of garbage in the %ity of 'amboanga and

providing penalties for violations of such.

Thus, environment education among the people would generate environment

concern which should lead to the formation of groups concerned with how to protect the

potentials of the environment and avoid or minimi4e the ha4ards of the environmental

pollution or degradation. <or instance, environmental groups in the more advanced

countries like the Jreen Beas, The <riends of the arth, The #ierra %lub, etc., have fought

great battles to preserve and protect various species of plants and animals 28gukoronye,

HH/3.

In a nutshell, environmental education and public participation in the long run can

be cost-efficient wherein if a positive attitude and a strong commitment to the

environment is integrated, the possibility of pollution :eopardi4ing the lives of people will

greatly be reduced.

B. Reated Stud#e!

8ccording to the study entitled1 #chool-=ased #olid !aste "anagement

2#=#!"3 Initiative in the Bhilippines1 Aessons and >periences of the Toyota 8uto Barts

and #ta. +osa %ity Bartnership by nrico $. =aula from 6e Aa #alle $niversity "anila

on #eptember )) which assessed the first year implementation of the #=#!" program

in #ta. +osa, Aaguna. It looked into the e>periences of the students, teachers, and school

administrators in their #=#!" development.

#pecifically, the study aimed to1 a3 identify the perceptions of the different

stakeholders on the #=#!"C b3 identify the roles of the stakeholders in the

implementation of #=#!" programC c3 analy4e the issue and challenges encountered in

the course of pilloting and mainstreamingC and d3 identify the #=#!" best practices that

emerged in the school’s programs.

ffective school performances had more comprehensive #=#!" programs.

#chools which engaged in #=#!" for a while managed to get their #olid !aste

12



"anagement 2#!"3 initiatives to the (ne>t level* or to weave a more comprehensive

and logistically comple> program. This could also be seen as a marker of how much the

school’s #!" program has progressed through the years.

!hen standards and ob:ectives are met, new standards were created and more

comple> ob:ectives were set. %hange was constant and necessary. It is not enough for the

ne>t batch of students to simply replicate the #!" initiatives set by their predecessors. It

is their responsibility to learn from past e>periences and make the necessary changes to

improve upon their own #=#!" programs.

#=#!" in schools became more effective with multiple activitiesGinitiative.

#chools ranked 0th and ?th had a smaller number of #!" initiatives. #chools ranked st to

/th had more than ten initiatives implemented in their own schools. It is important to make

use in varying and interesting initiatives. "ultiple initiatives on #!" could cater to the

interests of a wider audience.

8 heterogenous group of students intersted in #!" means a more participative

student population. #=#!" in schools became more effective with multiple

activitiesGinitiative.

8lso, the $niversity of the Bhilippines 6iliman spearheaded by the Dice

%hancellor for %ommunity 8ffairs, %ynthia Jrace %. Jregorio, imposed guidelines for

the waste management systems to all $B colleges or units. The guidelines, as

disseminated to all $B %ollegesG$nits, are as follows1 23 education 23 waste receptacles

23 sorting area 2/3 disposable holding area 203 recyclables area 2?3 biodegradables area

2F3 yard wastes area. The following are the basic components of the !aste "anagement

#ystem when e>plained in further details1 EDUCATI!- The head of unit should seek to

promote waste minimi4ation, reuse, waste reduction, segregation, recycling, composting

and general sanitation in their unit. The 6ean of college shall see to it that solid waste

management is included in the school curriculum. Broper solid waste management should

be included in the freshmen orientation program. 8ll units and dormitories should use

other information materials like posters, signages, memo, trainings, etc. The =uilding

8dministrators shall regularly inspect the physical components of the waste management

program. Lanitorial personnel who fail to comply with proper solid waste management

procedures will not be hired by the collegeGunit. 8ll :anitorial agency personnel are

13



required to submit a certificate of completion on waste management training by the $B

!aste "anagement %ommitteeC WA"TE #ECE$TAC%E" - Brovide separate receptacles

with clear labels for paper, recyclables, biodegradables, and disposables. #egregated

receptacles should be placed at strategic places in offices, and corridors. Brovide single

receptacles in small spaces and parking areas for general sanitation. Brovide single

receptacles with plastic lining in comfort rooms. 8ll receptacles should be regularly

emptied and well maintained. 6uring collection, segregated wastes should be placed in

separate containersC "#TI!& A#EAach college G unit should designate a waste sorting

area. It should be well situated, spacious, ventilated, secured and not unsightly. "i>ed

wastes from single receptacles should be brought to a sorting area for proper sorting. 8ll

recyclables and biodegradable wastes should be removed in the sorting area. The

=uilding 8dministrator should see to it that :anitorial personnel have enough time to sort

wastes on a daily basis. 8fter sorting, all disposable wastes should be placed in a garbage

bag or suitable container and properly stored in the disposable wastes holding area to

facilitate efficient collection. !astes from the comfort room should not be included in the

sorting areaC DI"$"A'%E" (%DI!& A#EA- 8ll disposable and ha4ardous wastes

should be properly stored in the wastes holding area. !astes should not be poured inside

the wastes holding area. 6isposable wastes will be collected regularly by the B!"6

garbage truck. $nsegregated wastes will not be collected by the 9%-!!"6. 5olding

area should be well maintained, protected from rain, scavengers and is always closed. &o

wastes should be thrown outside the holding area. 5olding area should be disinfected at

least once a month or as neededC #EC)C%A'%E"A#EA- The collegeG unit should decide

for a centrali4ed or decentrali4ed storage of recyclables. +ecyclables storage area should

be free from unpleasant odors and pests. +ecyclables should be regularly sold. The

college G unit should keep a record of the sales of their recyclables. Bart of the sale of the

recyclables should be used for the maintenance and operation of the solid waste

management program of the college G unitC 'IDE&#ADA'%E" A#EA- <ood scraps,

including tissue papers should be placed in a secure container and be brought to the Task

<orce on #olid !aste "anagement "aterials +ecovery <acility, =alagtas #treet for

proper composting. =uilding 8dministrators should coordinate with the T<-#!" if

biodegradable wastes are to be hauled or collected. $nits G %olleges that opt to compost

14



their biodegradables should make sure that proper composting procedures are observed.

#torage containers of biodegradable materials should be regularly rinsed and disinfectedC

and )A#D WA"TE"A#EA-#wept leaves could be placed in the base of trees or in a

suitable corner of the backyard decay. Aeaf piles should not be too big so as to become a

fire ha4ard. =urning of yard wastes is not allowed. #wept leaves and branches from

trimmings or typhoon debris shoud be placed where it could be easily hauled away by the

%ampus "aintenance Office trucks 2Jregorio %.J., ))H. *emorandum !o+ C&C& ,-

./. +etrieved from http1 G G iskwiki.upd.edu.phGinde>.phpG JuidelinesMforM!asteM

management M#ystemMforM$BN.Dsmi"flHFI$3.

C. Theoret#ca )rame-ork

The Change Mode

Kurt Aewin highlights the human aspect of change. 5is interests in groups led to

research focusing on factors that influence people to change, and the three stages needed

to make change successful. The three stages in his model are the $nfree4ing, %hange and

+efree4ing Bhase.

Stage 1: Unfreezing is probably one of the more important stages to understand

the world of change we live in today. The stage is about getting ready to change. Itinvolves getting to the point of understanding that change is necessary, and getting ready

to move away from our current comfort 4one. The first stage is about preparing ourselves,

or others, before the change. The more we feel that change is necessary, the more urgent

it is, the more motivated we are to make the change.

Stage 2: Change or Transition to change is not an event but rather a practice

called (transition*. It is the inner movement or :ourney we make in reaction to a change.

This second stage occur as we make the changes that are needed. This stage is often the

hardest as people are unsure or fearful.

This is not an easy time as people are learning about the changes and need to be

given time to understand and work with them. #upport is really important here and can be

in the form of training, coaching and e>pecting mistakes as part of the process. $sing role

15



Nurses onZero Waste

(N0W)

Adopt a

ClassroomPol!"

Clean as #ou$o Pol!"

No%otern&

Pol!"

'as or!eNo*

models and allowing people to develop their own solutions also help make the changes.

It’s also really useful to keep communicating a clear picture of the desired change and the

benefits to people so they don’t lose sight of where they are heading.

Stage 3: Freezing or Refreezing is about establishing stability once the changes

have been made. The changes are accepted and become the new norm. Beople form new

relationships and become comfortable with their routines. This rigidity of free4ing does

not fit with the modern thinking about change being a continuous, sometimes a chaotic

process in which great fle>ibility is demanded.

#o popular thought has moved away from the concept of free4ing. Instead, we

should think about the final stage as being more fle>ible. Bermanency of the new level or

permanency for a new desired period, should be included in the ob:ective. +einforcing

the change and ensuring that the desired change is accepted and maintained into the

future. !ithout this, people tend to go back to doing what they are used to doing.

PREVIOUSLY IMPLEMETE! URSES O "ERO #$STE %&#'

M$$(EMET PRO)ECTS

The first part of the implementation was done on Lune ) and the second one

was on October )/.

16

Figure 1: N0W Conceptual Framework (2013 & 2014)



<igure shows the %onceptual <ramework of the &urses on 'ero !aste 2&)!3

implemented last &ovember ) at !"#$-%&. The original concept consisted of four

core components namely1 8dopt a %lassroom, %lean as Eou Jo, &o loitering Bolicy and

the Task <orce &)!. The initial steps taken were a series of conferences with the %ollege

8dministration, the %ollege #tudent =oard and their %oordinator, and the 9uality

8ssurance Office. The implementing guidelines was critiqued by the $niversity Bresident

and the 8dministrative Officer. $tili4ing the comments and suggestions portion, the

Implementing Juidelines underwent another revision.

On the scheduled implementation on #eptember )H, ), the pro:ect was held in

abeyance because of the ('amboanga #eige* where all classes at all levels on the entire

city were suspended for the safety and security of students.

!ith the very limited time upon the resumption of classes, it was too late because

it was almost the end of the semester and all that was left is to recommend for the

e>tension of the study by another group. Thus, the pro:ect continues.

On the second time around, the research design was then converted into an action

research to appreciate its full implementation. +evisions on the implementing guidelines

was done again and several rende4vous was held with the %ollege 8dministration and the

%#= Officers, #taff ; 8dviser to strengthen the action research and to determine which

features of the management strategy must be eradicated and which features must be

retained. 8lthough series of reinforcements were done for the pro:ect and proper

implementation was done, it was observed that the last phase of the change model which

is the free/#ng !tage, was not fully met. Thus, there was a need to continue the deed of

the previous researchers.

PART &&&0 une %213

5aving been converted into an action research, the third research group vie for a

more sustainable &urses on 'ero !aste "anagement Bro:ect. %onsultations with the

%ollege 6ean, faculty and staff and the %ollege #tudent =oard 2%#=3 officials with the

"ayor and the %#= %oordinator was done to maintain the orderliness and cleanlines of

the facilities in relation to the co-<riendly pro:ect of the university.

17



Nurses onZero Waste

(N0W)

Adopt aClassroom

Pol!"

Clean as #ou $oPol!"

No%otern&

Pol!"

We +,$ #ou

Pol!"

C,Pol!"

Adopt a-ulletn -oard

Pol!"

'as or!eN0W

<igure shows the revised conceptual framework of the &urses on 'ero !aste

"anagement #trategy. 8long with the three core concepts of the original &)! Bro:ect

which are the 8dopt a %lassroom Bolicy, %lean as Eou Jo Bolicy and the &o Aoitering

Bolicy several other policies were added such as the %+ Bolicy, 8dopt a =ulletin =oard

Bolicy, and !e O+J Eou Bolicy.

"oreover, <igure describes the different phases of the process undertaken for

the research pro:ect. $tili4ing the %hange "odel on the framework, this gave a better

direction and a clearer understanding as to what steps to follow. It involves three stages

of the process which includes the (nfree/#ng Stage which to aimed determine significant

changes observed from the previous implementation of the action researchC to elicit

perceived barriers to the implementation of the &O! Bro:ect, to determine the practices

as suggested by respondents and to strengthen the implementation of the &O! Bro:ect as

perceived by its populace.

The Change or Tran!#t#on Stage starts with the revisions on the Implementing

Juidelines of the &urses on 'ero !aste "anagement #trategy based on the comments

18

Figure 2: Revie! N0W Conceptual "ara!igm



and suggestions elicited from the results of the assessment made from the first

implementation. It also involved intensified information dissemination and mobili4ation

of the !"#$-%& populace for a more positive collaboration and cooperation and the

integration of the pro:ect in the e>isting program of activities of the %#%

2institutionali4ation3 to achieve better outcome and sustainability of the pro:ect.

The Refree/#ng Stage ensures the sustainability of the &urses on 'ero !aste

"anagement through the 8dopt a %lassroom pro:ect where the students of different

levels will have an area of assignment where they can adopt a room to maintain

cleanliness and orderliness conducive for learning. 8nother strategy is the %lean - 8s -

Eou - Jo policy which the students and other occupants in the building will have to take

care of their own garbage. Instructors together with the class officers take charge of

reminding the students to carry with them whatever garbage are found in their

surrounding before they leave the classroom. The &o Aoitering Bolicy was included to

keep non-resident students off the premises e>cept on official business, not only for

safety but for the purpose of the pro:ect. 8nd also, the creation of the Task <orce &ow

which will comprise the %#=, the level and class officers, the faculty, and the utility

personnel for monitoring so that their active involvement becomes a part of individual

responsibilities in sustaining the pro:ect. 8dditionally, the following are other integrated

policies for the &)! Bro:ect1 %+ Bolicy, !e O+J Eou Bolicy and the 8dopt a =ulletin

=oard Bolicy. =eing one of the main problem of the college in terms of cleanliness, the

%+ Bolicy was added to solve the unhygienic measures of the %& populace in terms of

the cleanliness of the comfort room. &e>t, the !e O+J Eou Bolicy covers the adoption

of a certain area in the %ollege of &ursing of a college-based organi4ation from the

college. They will have the responsibility to beautify their assigned spot and they are also

obliged to help the Task <orce &)! to disseminate and create posters in the college.

Aastly, the 8dopt a =ulletin =oard Bolicy encourages each level to adopt and design a

=ulletin =oard and to persuade them to keep the information posted up-to-date.

19



.'A$/3,//ZN

$

Adopt aClassroom

Pol!"

Clean as #ou $oPol!"

No%otern&

Pol!"

We +,$ #ouPol!"

C,Pol!"

Adopt a-ulletn -oard

Pol!"

'as or!eN0W

.'A$/ 12N,//Z

N$

Per!eed -arrersto t4e

mplementatono5 N0W

nterenton6ana&ement

.trate&es neededto stren&t4en N0W

.&n!antmproements

7sered onN0W

.'A$/2

AC'1+N

1n5ormaton8ssemnat

on

6o7l9n&W6.:CPopula!

1nsttutonal9aton o5 t4e N0W

Pro;e!t

,e3son on t4emplementn&&udelnes o5

N0W

20

Figure 3: #$e C$ange "roce Flow C$art



$. Conce"tua )rame-ork

E. O"erat#ona $ef#n#t#on of Term!

To facilitate better understanding of this study, the following terms were operationally

defined1

8dopt a =ulletin =oard Bolicy. This is a strategy designed to encourage each level to

adopt and design a =ulletin =oard and to persuade each level to keep the information

posted up-to-date. 8dopt a %lassroom Bolicy. This is a strategy planned to maintain the cleanliness of a

classroom. ach section that occupies the classroom must be held responsible in

maintaining the cleanliness and orderliness of the classroom to make it conducive for

learning. %lean as Eou Jo Bolicy. This is a policy in which all occupants of the classrooms of

the %ollege of &ursing will have to take care of their own garbage. %ollege 8dministrators. They are composed of the dean, associate dean, college

secretary, librarian, guidance counselor, and clerks.

21

N%R'

N

'R

+,N+F+C*N#

+-"R.'-'N#

"'RC'+.'/

*RR+'R "R*C#+C' FR

'FF'C#+.'

+-"'-'N#*#+

+-"*C

#



%+ Bolicy. This is a policy implemented to preserve the cleanliness of the comfort

room in the college of nursing. Bosters will be provided and an employee will be

hired to regulate the cleanliness of the %+.

Impact. This refers to the effects produced by the &urses on 'ero !aste 2&O!3

"anagement #trategy towards its recipients.

&o Aoitering Bolicy. This is a policy in which no outsidersGvisitors are allowed

within the %& premises unless there is permission from the 6ean. &ursing students

are also not allowed to occupy the rooms if they have no classes.

&urse on 'ero !aste. This is a strategy implemented in the !"#$- %ollege of

&ursing which aims to sustain a 'ero !aste "anagement integrating various

environmentally-related features to maintain a surrounding that is conducive for the

nursing student’s learning.

T8#K <O+% &O!. 8 task force created to sustain the 'ero !aste "anagement

#trategy implemented in the %ollege of &ursing.

!e O+J Eou Bolicy. This is a policy that covers the adoption of a certain area in the

%ollege of &ursing of an organi4ation from the college. ach organi4ation will have

the responsibility to beautify their assigned spot and they are also obliged to help the

Task <orce &)! to disseminate and create posters in the college.

Eear Aevel. %& students from second year to fourh year.

'ero !aste "anagement. 8 unifying concept for range of measures that aims at

eliminating wastes and allowing the %& populace to challenge their ways of thinking.

CHAPTER &&&

METHO$OLO45

This chapter covers the study design, study population and sampling procedure,

inclusion and e>clusion criteria, sample si4e computation, research locale, data gathering

22



procedure, validity and reliability of research instrument, plans for data processing and

analysis, ethical considerations.

A. Re!earch $e!#gn

The research study will use multiple ways for data gathering techniques in order

to e>tend the opinions and theories regarding the &)! "anagement #trategy.

<urthermore, the study is an action research, specifically an e>tension study with

one-cycle process to determine and strengthen the full impact of &urses on 'ero !aste. It

will utili4e a quantitative method of research with qualitative and quantitative data. The

researchers will distribute questionnaires before the implementation of the study to

survey the opinions of the %& populace regarding the impact that the previous &O! has

made upon them or simply to survey the %ollege of &ursing’s opinion regarding the

general cleanliness of the college. 8n interview will also be scheduled with the faculty

assigned for maintaining the &)! "anagement #trategy before the actual

implementation which is "a’am 8gnes %astillo so that the researchers will have a

broader idea regarding the pro:ect. 8lso, the interview will aim to know the opinion of

the officer-in-charge of the &)! pro:ect and to allow the OI% to e>press the status quo of

the &urse on 'ero !aste "anagement #trategy.

The process involves three stages namely the $nfree4ing #tage which involved

the assessment of the observed changes, perceived barriers to implementation, better

practices and foreseen benefits of the implementation of the &urses on 'ero !aste

pro:ect at the %ollege of &ursing of the !estern "indanao #tate $niversity.

The %hange or 8ction #tage involves the modification of the processes involved

to strengthen the implementation of the pro:ect like intensified information

dissemination, mobili4ation of the %& populace to work together for a common goal and

institutionali4ing the pro:ect through its integration in the %#= program of activities,

active involvement of the administration, faculty, staff, and students are essential to

ensure the sustainibility of the pro:ect.

The <ree4ing stage involves strategies to ensure the sustainability of the &urses

on 'ero !aste "anagement #trategy which include the following core components1

23



8dopt a %lassroomC %lean as Eou JoC &o Aoitering Bolicy, 8dopt a =ulletin =oard

BolicyC !e O+J Eou BolicyC %+ BolicyC and the %reation of the &O! Task <orce.

B. Sam"#ng $e!#gn

This study will be conducted at !estern "indanao #tate $niversity %ollege of

&ursing, %ampus 8, located at &ormal +oad, =aliwasan, 'amboanga %ity on school year

)?-)F.

The respondents must embody the characteristics of one of the study’s target

population in !estern "indanao #tate $niversity- %ollege of &ursing1 a.3 8dministrators

b.3 +egular faculty members c.3 Disiting lecturers d.3 $tility workers who are involved in

the cleanliness of the college d.3 II, III and ID nursing students of the 8E )?-)F.

These respondents must be a certified member of the !"#$-%ollege of &ursing, )?-

)F. +egardless of the respondent’s age and se>.

5owever, the following will be e>cluded from the study for a valid reason1 a.3 the

incoming freshmen b.3 The graduated students 2alumni3 c.3 The retired and newly hired

teachers d.3 8dministrative #taff or any personnel leaving or incoming in the coming

school year. %onsidering the fact they were either not present before the implementation

of &)!.

To determine the sample si4e, the study will use the Jay’s <ormula 2 & > ).)

n3 for the sample si4e computation. In which afterwards, the stratified random sam0ling

was used because of the heterogenousness of the respondents so that each sub-

populationGstrata 2class sections, faculty, etc3 will be well-represented.

TABLE 1

Po"uat#on and Sam"e $#!tr#but#on of Re!"ondent! 6S5 %213%2178

#E"$!DE!T" $$U%ATI! 1#ACTI! "A*$%E "IZE

24



%ollege

8dministrators and

<aculty

)) 2))GF))3 > /) )

"econd )ear

#ection -8 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection -= 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection -% 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection -6 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

Third )ear

#ection -8 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection -= 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection -% 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection -6 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

1ourth )ear

#ection /-8 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection /-= 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection /-% 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

#ection /-6 0) 20)GF))3 P /) )

TOT8A F)) /)

<ormula1 #ample si4e of the strata 2si4e of the entire sampleG population si4e3 > layer si4e

$tility Bersonnel &G8

8s evident above, Table shows the population and sample distribution of the

respondents from second to fourth year and the employees of the college, school year

)?-)F. <urthermore, to determine which among the sample si4e will be the specific

respondents for each strata, the researchers will use the Fish *o+, Te-hni./e in which acontainer is provided where numbers will be picked and the researchers will base the

respondents from their assigned numbers in a random order wherein a masterlist of all the

employees, the sections from second to fourth year will be retrieved from the college-

student council and the secretaries or staff of the college by the researchers.

25



C. Re!earch &n!trument

The survey that will be distributed is divided into parts namely the questionnaire

checklist and the interview guide portion wherein the respondents are free to e>press their

opinions regarding the specific questions of the &)! Bro:ect.

"oreover, the instrument will be an improved and revised questionnaire checklist

to gather the needed data that includes the use of questionnaires as the main data-

gathering instrument for this study.

The questionnaire consists of a checklist to determine the impact of &O! in

terms of cleanliness in the following areas of !"#$-%&1 2+3 Classrooms 4+3 Comfort

rooms /+3 C! surroundings5en6ironment and 7+3 The #einforcement of !,W 8for the

assessment3+ The respondents will answer 0 items for the assessment and items for

the evaluation with the following scale and its equivalent using the 0-point likert scale1

8lways 203, Often 2/3, #ometimes 23, #eldom 23, &ever 23. <urthermore, some items in

the assessment survey are omitted for the evaluation because they will already not be

applicable since these items aim to :ust gather baseline information regarding the

reinforcement of &)!.

To :ustify the responses to the checklist, an open-ended options will be provided

to take in to the own personal views of the respondents related to the study. The draft of

the questionnaires will be discussed and after finali4ing, it will already be entitled to

obtain valid responses from the students. In addition, the instrument will be approved by

a consultant and an adviser before it is laid on to the study.

$. Re#ab##ty and 9a#d#ty

8n evaluation of the research instrument will be made to ensure its adequacy and

appropriateness and to determine its credibility. The groupQs research adviser provided

corrections and modifications to further improve the selected research instrument. The

corrections, modifications and improvements provided by the groupQs research adviser

was essential to ensure the appropriateness and adequacy of the questions and checklist to

be able to elicit the information needed to answer the research questions.

The evaluators will also supply conducive and helpful comments, suggestions and

recommendations that will be utili4ed for the revision and improvement of the research

26



instrument. Thus, the research instrument will undergo content validity. To ensure the

validity and reliability of the research instrument, a dry run will be conducted to selected

students in all three respondent categories.

E. $ata 4ather#ng Procedure

The researchers will submit a letter of permission to the 6ean of the %ollege of

&ursing for approval for the conduct of the study through the questionnaire checklist and

interview guide. The instruments will be personally distributed to and retrieved from the

respondents.

The data for this research were collected using a survey questionnaire and

interview guide. The survey was created using suitable questions modified from related

research and individual questions formed by the researchers. The survey was comprised

of 0 questions, which were related to the participant’s perception on the impact of

&urses on 'ero !aste 2&O!3 management strategy.

In the questionnaire, the respondents will be asked to check options in the

questionnaire according to their e>perience and their own perception on the impact of

&O! "anagement #trategy. These will be distributed to the second year, third year and

fourth year nursing students of !estern "indanao #tate $niversity of the 8cademic Eear

)?-)F. They will also be asked to answer the interview guide truthfully and honestly.

). $ata Pre!entat#on: Anay!#!: and &nter"retat#on

8fter the administration of the questionnaire checklist and the interview guide

questions, data collected were tabulated, analy4ed, and interpreted. To answer Broblem ,

frequency and weighted mean was used. <or Broblem ; frequency and percentage

will be used. The following are the formulas1

27



. !eighted "ean~ x=∑ fx

∑ f

. Bercentage @ f

n > ))

$sing the formula + 25ighest &umber R Aowest &umber 3 G Total +ange, the resulting

weighted mean was categori4ed by the following scale1

/. - 0.))- <ully Implemented./ - /.)- !ell Implemented

.? R ./)- <airly Implemented

. R .?)- Insufficiently Implemented

.) - .)- &ot Implemented

4. Eth#ca Con!#derat#on!

thics review of the proposal emphasi4ing on the research instrument will be

sub:ected for a review by the thics +eview %ommittee of the college to ensure that no

rights of the respondents will be violated ethically and morally. +esearch will involve

collecting data about given sub:ect directly from the real world. The researchers will

make sure that the researchers’ own personal biases and opinions do not get in the way of

their research and that they give both sides fair consideration. 8lso, the researchers will

make sure that the respondents have the right to withdraw. The researchers will not take

interview responses out of conte>t and will not discuss small parts of observation without

putting them into the appropriate conte>t. To maintain anonymity of the responses,

confidentiality of responses and sources of information will be ensured. &o pressure will

be applied to encourage the respondents of the study to answer the research instruments

as honestly and as appropriately as possible.

28



B&BL&O4RAPH5

&nternet0

• +epublic 8ct &o. H)) 2)))3. The ecological solid waste management Act 4,,,.

+etrieved <ebruary ), )? from http1GGwww.emb.gov.phGlawsGsolid@)waste

@)management.GraH)).pdf

• #trategies for #ustainable 6evelopment. 2))3. The Dac &uidelines. +etrieved

<ebruary , )? from www.oecd.orgGdateoecdG/G)G??HH0.pdf

• Torres, . 2))H3. The #olid !aste "anagement in the Bhilippines. +etrieved

<ebruary 0, )? from

http1GGwww.fukuoka.unhabitat.orgGkcapGactivitiesGegmG))HGpdfGtorresMen.pdf

• !5O 2)3. "olid Waste management . +etrieved <ebruary , )?, from

http1GGwww.who.intGenG.

• '%. Bublic #ervice Office 2))3. The $hysical En6iroment . +etrieved <ebruary

, )?, from http1GGwww.dipolognon.comG4amboanga.sepvolchap/b.htm

(n"ub#!hed Stud#e!0

• 8hmad, 8. 2)3. Waste *anagement Dis0osal $ractices of the #esidents in

'arangay Talon Talon9 Zam:oanga City; Its im0lication to Community

De6elo0ment+

• Aaracochea, L. 2)3. "ustaina:le Zero waste *anagement "trategy at W*"U

College of !ursing+

• Aedesma "., 2) 3+ Waste Dis0osal *anagement of the #esidents in 'arangay

Cam0o Islam9 Zam:oanga City; Its Im0lication to Community De6elo0ment+

• $kpong. =. 2))?3. "trategy for "ustaina:le "olid Waste *anagement in the

1ederal Ca0ital Terriorty 8&arki9Wuse and <aru3+ $npublished "sc Thesis.

• %abidog, &.8., %anoy &., %oronel, %., 6e4a, K.+., dding #., lnas, 8.,S5assan, #.B. 2)/3. "trengthening the !urses on Zero Waste 8!,W3

*anagement "trategy at Western *indanao "tate Uni6ersity- College of

!ursing+

http://www.emb.gov.ph/laws/solid%20waste%20management./ra9003.pdf


http://www.oecd.org/dateoecd/34/10/2669958.pdf

http://www.fukuoka.unhabitat.org/kcap/activities/egm/2009/pdf/torres_en.pdf

http://www.who.int/en/


http://www.dipolognon.com/zamboanga.sepvol2chap4b.htm

http://www.oecd.org/dateoecd/34/10/2669958.pdf

http://www.fukuoka.unhabitat.org/kcap/activities/egm/2009/pdf/torres_en.pdf


http://www.dipolognon.com/zamboanga.sepvol2chap4b.htm



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