Regulatory framework on free-floating

bike share for Flemish and Dutch cities

Case Leuven

Tim Asperges

Advisor mobility policy Leuven

Population:+100.000 inhabitants+ 65.000 students+ increasing number of jobs

Dynamic city:20 km east of Brussels Capital Fastest growing city in BelgiumChallenges on traffic congestion

Modal split40% commuting/ school trips by bicycle20% cycling in all trips

Vision and ambitions LKN 2030

Leuven

High dynamic region → increase transport trips / congestion

❑ Inhabitants: 100.447 (2017) → 110.000 (2030)

❑ Students: 52.000 (2017) → 70.000 (2030)

❑ Jobs: + 20.000 (2030)

3

Academia

City’s

government

Community

Business

STORY

SOCIAL

POWERSCIENCE

City vision

SUMP – bicycle policy plan

→ Public bikes in last mile public transport chain / interchanging point (major

PT-Hubs, Park and Rides)

→ Bike sharing for specific target groups: (VeloKadee, Velo at school,

cargobikesharing system, …)

→ Citywide bike bike to many sharing system ???? freefloating ?????

→ Bicycle owner ship is KEY to higher cycle use

→ Bicycle parking management to decrease level of bike parking pressure on

public domain by:

o High level of bicycle parking offer: short term, long term, resident parking, ….

o High level op bicycle parking management / enforcement (orphan bikes)

1. PT-Hubs

2. Park & Ride

3. Integrated in MaaS

Back to one bike sharing system – Blue-Bike

High service level – expensive system

VeloKadée- Affordable ‘growing-up-bike’

-60 € per year

-12 € for social target groups

Bike sharing for specific target groups - VeloKadée

Velo at school- Shared bikes for short school trips

- Replacement of bus trips

- 495 € per bike – full service contract

- Local social economy company Velo vzw

Bike sharing for specific target groups – Velo at School

Bike sharing for specific target groups – ‘Buggy Booker’

Bike sharing for specific target groups – Cargobike sharing

▪ Start up civil coperationenergy – shared e-mobility

▪ e-cargobike for everyneighbourhood

▪ Cargoroo system

Status of shared mobility in Leuven

Stella

Artois

Abdij van

keizersberg

Kerk

Kruid

tuin

Buurt

Centrum

Phillips

Site

STUK

Grote

MarktBuurt

Centrum

To

Aars

ch

ot

Cambio car share at more than 30

locations in and around inner city

Blue-bike (180) at Railway Station

Shared kid’s bike

An implementation of Cargo bike share and

Free-Floating bike share system are in

process

Pram/buggy on shared basis at

Grote Markt

Trein

Station

Stad Kantoor

Gasthuisberg

Vehicle charging points (Total 15 existing

locations, 6 in inner city)

Another 32 locations are under planning - in

and around inner city

Concept of Mobipunt in Flanders

•The mobipunt is a place where car sharing, bicycle facilities and a stop for collective

transport (public transport, office bus or shuttle bus) can be created.

•It has a unique branding and unique name.

•Types of locations can be in neighborhoods, public parkings, business zones etc.

•It can be set up in both urban and rural areas.

Please refer www.mobipunt.be for more details

Essential Functions Additional mobility

functions

• Space for Car Share

• Space for Bike share

• Public Transport Stop

• Shuttle or office bus

Stop,

• Bicycle parking

• Electric charging point

• Velo boxes for parking

bicycles in a locked

space

• Cycle repairing facilities

• K+R zone

• Carpool Zone

Facilities for extra comfort Additional facilities

• Public space, waiting

area and sitting spaces

• Dustbins

• Well-lit up spaces

• Toilet and place for baby

care

• WIFI

• Shared digital lockers

(for online shopping

delivery, AirBnB, shared

kid’s car chair etc)

• Charging points for

smart phones

• Post box

• Information board

(neibourhood activities,

real time PT info etc)

• Book exchange cabinet,

free newspaper and

magazine distribution

cabinet

• Refrigerated lockers for

food distribution

But what about free floating

Overheid als opdrachtgever

5th generation bike sharing

Gratis fietsen Coin accesSlimme stations

Docking stations

‘Domme’ fietsen

Slimme fietsen

App’s

Real time info

Overheid als kaderstellend

Interoperabel / MaaS

Freefloating

Multi-aanbieders

Free bikes Coin acces Smart stations Smart BikesInteroperable

(MaaS)

Initiative by Local Government Initiative by market

Local Government as ‘Market Master’

24

Types of bike sharing

Why the Chinese are comming?

Knocking at the door of Leuven ….. Flemish and Dutch cities

▪ Chinese aanbieders: OFO, O-Bike, Mobike, Cronos, Urbo

▪ Europese/Belgische aanbieders: Mobit, Clear Channel, Urbo, Donky.Republic

Why the Chinese are comming?

Waarom komen de Chinezen?

▪ Recent capital injections:

o Ofo – 580 milj $

o Mobike – 410 milj $

o Bluegogo – 65 milj $

o …

▪ Investors: Didi, Allipay, WeChat, …

▪ 50 milj shared bikes by end 2018 in Chinese cities

▪ Taking the European and American market

1. Online payment platforms are the major trigger for investors.

(New banks, Ofo asked bank licence in Luxemburg)

2. Data and behaviour of users are the second trigger for investors.

(In Smart Cities data = money)

3. Advertisements via Smartphones/apps are the third trigger for investors.

The quality / service level of the mobility product and the

quality of our public domain is/was a minor trigger for investors.

Why the Chinese are comming?

Why the Chinese are leaving?

Why the Chinese are leaving?

Mythes (1): More bicycle use because of bike sharing ?

Bike sharing suppliers promise MORE cycle use with LESS bikes

Following exercise nuances this impact for the Leuven innercity:

❑ +/- number of inh., students, employees, visitors = 70.000

❑ Number of trips per day = 3,5 (OVG Flanders)

❑ Bike share in modal split city centre Leuve = 41 %

TOTAL NUMBER OF CYCLE TRIPS IN CITY CENTRE LEUVEN = ca. 100.000

❑ 1.000 public bikes

❑ 5 trips per day per bike (= high level of public bike use).

TOTAL NUMBER OF PUBLIC BIKE TRIPS IN CITY CENTRE LEUVEN = ca. 5.000

Public bikes represent max. 2% of all trips in city centre of Leuven or 5% of all cycle trips

To catch all cycle trips in the city centre of Leuven you need min. 20.000 public bikes.

95% of cycle trips will always be done by private/lease bikes

Mythes (2): More public bikes – Less bicycle parking pressure

Recent experiences with freefloating public bikes are not very promissing

▪ Also freefloating bikes need parking facilities / public space !!

Ex. At 4h30 p.m the number of riding shared bikes will be limited. The freefloaters also need 1 to 1 parking space

▪ Station based public bikes guarantee for bikes AND space to park the bikes.

▪ Can freefloating offer the same service level?

→ What at public spaces with a high bicycle parking pressure?

→ What guarantee to have a bike for the return trip?

→ You need a high density of freefloating bikes to offer the same service level as station based public bikes.

▪ There is no experience yet that existing cyclists massively change the ‘personalized’ bike for a public bike.

Mythes (2): More public bikes – Less bicycle parking pressure

Shared bicycle can support

Increase in cycle use,

Decrease of bicycle parking pressure,

Decrease of car use / possession

If they fit in an integrated cycling strategy

Fietsbezit = sleutel voor meer fietsgebruik

Conclusie:▪ In een fietsstad zoals Leuven is fietsbezit nog steeds de belangrijkste

sleutel tot meer fietsgebruik.

▪ Deelfietsen zijn een welkome aanvulling op het vervoersaanbod voor

zowel bezoekers als bewoners en moeten vooral gezien worden als

aanvulling op het openbaar vervoer. (= vraagafhankelijk aanvullend

OV – vervoersregio’s)Vb. 25% van de Velo-ritten vindt plaats tssn 22:00 en 6:00, als alternatief voor het dan ontbrekende

openbaar vervoer.

▪ Deelfietsen brengen de fiets op een toegankelijke manier bij nieuwe

doelgroepen die nog niet fietsen.

▪ Net zoals bij autodelen, kan een deelfiets een welkome aanvulling zijn

in het vervoersaanbod voor doelgroepen die af en toe een (deel)fiets nodig hebben.

Vb. 1 maal per week gaan winkelen met een deelbakfiets.

▪ Deelfietsen kunnen een vervanger zijn voor de (tweede) stationsfiets,

sporadisch gebruikte studentenfiets, reservefiets, … waardoor ze een

positieve impact kunnen hebben op de fietsparkeerdruk

Flemish and dutch cities prepared a regulaory frame work for (freefloating) bike sharing

Defining the playing rules:

- High service level for end user

- Protecting the quality of the public domain

- Innovation through ‘stimulating’ market

36

Free Parking StationsReserved parkingspaceParking Zone

Freedom – flexibility – Cost – Space regulating

Drop Zone

Local Government as ‘Market Master’

Local governement as ‘market master’

Market ‘regulation’: liberating - regulating - stimulating

Open - License/permit - concession - tender

= without

= only

yes, no

provider

Bikesharing policy – buttons!

Operator

quality

Service

quality

Space

usage

Data Interoperability

MaaSEnforcement

Geofencing

- Afspraken gebruik openbaar domein

- Handhaving mogelijk op voorwaarde dat GPS is geïnstalleerd

▪

FREE FLOATING in areas

with less parking pressure

‘Hybrid’ systems

No FREE

FLOATING in

areas with high

parking pressure

• City wide distribution of e-HUBs

with varied level of service(12-15

locations)

• Can support existing and future

demands

• Smooth transition from other modes

of transport

• Integrated with regional mobility

plans and development plans

• Easy for users

Stella

Artois

Abdij van

keizersberg

Kerk

Kruid

tuin

Buurt

Centrum

Phillips

Site

STUK

Grote

MarktBuurt

Centrum

To

Aars

ch

ot

Trein

Station

Stad Kantoor

Gasthuisberg

Vision: Providing e-mobility as a service and last mile connectivity through shared spaces

Clustering shared mobility services - e-HUBs

Concept of Mobipunt in Flanders

•The mobipunt is a place where car sharing, bicycle facilities and a stop for collective

transport (public transport, office bus or shuttle bus) can be created.

•It has a unique branding and unique name.

•Types of locations can be in neighborhoods, public parkings, business zones etc.

•It can be set up in both urban and rural areas.

Please refer www.mobipunt.be for more details

Essential Functions Additional mobility

functions

• Space for Car Share

• Space for Bike share

• Public Transport Stop

• Shuttle or office bus

Stop,

• Bicycle parking

• Electric charging point

• Velo boxes for parking

bicycles in a locked

space

• Cycle repairing facilities

• K+R zone

• Carpool Zone

Facilities for extra comfort Additional facilities

• Public space, waiting

area and sitting spaces

• Dustbins

• Well-lit up spaces

• Toilet and place for baby

care

• WIFI

• Shared digital lockers

(for online shopping

delivery, AirBnB, shared

kid’s car chair etc)

• Charging points for

smart phones

• Post box

• Information board

(neibourhood activities,

real time PT info etc)

• Book exchange cabinet,

free newspaper and

magazine distribution

cabinet

• Refrigerated lockers for

food distribution

E-HUBS + MaaS

= Physical Internet

Tim Asperges

Urban planner / advisor mobility policy

Professor Van Overstraetenplein 1 - 3000 Leuven

T +32 (0)16 27 25 68

M +32 (0)492 15 13 92Tim.asperges@leuven.be

www.leuven.be