regonal cooperation in academic capacity building · pdf file• regonal cooperation in...

• Regonal cooperation in academic capacity building –

added vallue or added challenges? NUFU-NOMA conference 15-16 Nov 2011, Dar Es Salaam

• [email protected]





• Experiences from

– Regional NOMA Master program on renewable energy

– Regional NUFU Network project on solar energy

Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa

• In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

– 70% (585 million) not access to electricity

– 80% rely on traditional biomass fuels for

cooking (60% in urban areas)

• Access to electricity and clean cooking fuels is

central to country’s development and to

poverty reduction

NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011

Renewable Energy Potential

• Africa has huge renewable energy

potential, most of which has not been

exploited

– Hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, ocean,

biomass

• Universities are important:

– To supply work force

– To support resources studies;

– Technologies development and adaptation;

– Policy analysis;

– Knowledge dissemination;

– Training and research


The Significance of Regional Collaboration

• Regional collaboration can contribute to:

– Avoid duplication in research, considering that the type of problems are

very similar;

– To use the best available capacity at regional level to tackle the most

important research questions;

– Use efficiently the research facilities;

– Have a common background for students training and results

dissemination.


NUFU Network Project:

Small Scale Concentrating Solar Energy

Experiences and challenges

• NUFU-NOMA conference

15-16 Nov 2011, Dar Es Salaam

[email protected] , [email protected]

• Views from South Coordinator: Boaventura Cuamba

– Project relevance: Energy needs and the role of the universities

– The significance of regional cooperation

• Views from North Coordinator: Ole Jorgen Nydal

– Project objectives

– Project organization

– Operational experience


• Develop and test small scale pilot units for concentrating heat

collectors with integrated heat storage units (250 degrees C)

– Applications: food processing, hospitals, industrial heat, bakeries, schools

• Capacity building

– Applied research at universities: solar laboratories and research groups

– Graduates will also be qualified for engineering of large scale solar power

systems

Project Objectives

Classical solar cooker Project concept: include heat storage

Energy available after sunset


Organization: Integrated collaboration

• Interdisciplinary project between several universities:

- NTNU Trondheim

- Addis Ababa, Mekelle, Bahir Dar Universities (Ethiopia)

- Eduardo Mondlane University Maputo (Mozambique),

- Makarere University (Uganda)

- UKZN Durban (South Africa)

• Financing of extended project:

– NUFU Network project

– RENERGI program (NRC)

– Quota Program

– NORGLOBAL

– NTNU Energy ad Environment

– NTNU Renewable Energy Centre

– EnPE project

• 10 PhD students & several master students

- Technical side: ca. 8 PhD students (+ many MSc)

- Social science: 3 students (2 PhD+ 1 Master) NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011

Organization: Research tasks and governance

• All targets the same concept (heat collection and storage)

– Each university focus on a particular part:

Collector, absorber, storage, control, tracking, application, simulation...

• Work Plan

– Prepared at project start-up. To be revised annually during the project period

– Work plan useful, but detailed revisions were not necessary

• Each university responsible for its own scope of work

– Self governance. Collaboration more than a managed program

– A high degree of self governance and responsibility is positive

– The local university administration is often not project oriented


Distribution of

activities

Maputo Makarere Addis Mekelle Bahir Dar NTNU

Heat

collection

Dish with

mirrors

Trough

system

Optimization

Local

production of

dish

Dish with

mirrors and

film

Heat

transport

Air based,

once through

Heat pipes Heat

transport to

injera pan

Air, oil, HTF

Heat storage Rock bed Rock bed

Insulation

Rock bed,

PCM

Tracking Mechanical Adapt form

other activity

Control

systems

Simulation System

dynamics

Trough

analysis

Heat pipes Simulation

injera pan

Ray tracer

Applications Solar system

for injera

baking

Insulation Circulatio

n

Heat

transport

Heat

storage

Heat

extraction

Absorber

Reflector

Solar

tracking

Simulation and control

Organization: Communication

• Yearly Workshops

– Include all participants

– Hosted in turn by each university

– Combination with Int. Solar Conference

– Very useful and inspiring

– More frequent meetings would be positive, but costly

• Web page

– Hosted by NTNU server. Includes a password protected part (meeting

documents, pictures, articles, reports)

– Web page is useful, but needs to be continuously updated

• Google group for e-mail correspondence

– Forum type, threads on each topic. Questions, comments, discussions

– Good concept, but was not much used


Organization: Reporting and finances

• Yearly SIU reports

– Online editing by all partners did not work well

– Distribution of word version of online document

– Final on-line editing made by NTNU

• Fixed budgets

– Each university has a fixed total budget for the project period

– Budget revisions each year for each university. Each university

proposes internal priorities within the total budget

– Transfer on demand from NTNU

– NTNU: assist in acquisition of laboratory equipment

(can give a wrong picture in the accounting)

– Comments:

• Predictable finances is positive.

• Differences among the universities on the ability to deliver

financial reports

• Good experience with SIU as managing agent: helpful,

supportive and understanding staff

Operational experience: Laboratories

• Laboratory infrastructure is often lacking at the newer universities

– Work shops

– Trained laboratory staff required to support instrumentation and

measurement technology

– Some equipment is difficult to obtain locally

– Operational laboratories are important bases for research activities, but

establishment of major laboratory facilities are out of scope of NUFU projects

• Visits to NTNU laboratories

– NTNU laboratory has hosted visiting students

– Positive experiences


Operational experience: Research vs. teaching

• The NUFU support should free staff members to do PhD research

– The participating PhDs are motivated, but retain significant teaching load

– To secure time for research is a key factor for success. Both for senior staff

(supervisor) and for young PhD candidates

– The project lost 3 PhD candidates who discontinued in favor of foreign

opportunities

• It is important to have parallel research activities at UiN


Operational experience: Cooperation and contacts

• Link to other programs

– Good link to new MSc programs on renewable energy (Makerere, Dar, Maputo, Mekelle)

NOMA/EnPe

– Supporting projects have been initiated in parallel

– Related SIDA energy project in Maputo

– Limited information on relevant activities from other agencies (SIDA, GIZ,..)

– Good experience with combination of social and natural science

• Scientific/public contacts

– Scheffler system on solar concentrators (India, Germany). Participated in work shop

– DLR, Stuttgart, on heat storage. Visit to NTNU

– Visits to Norwegian Embassies have been positive. Addis embassy facilitated meeting

with Ministry of Energy and Water Resources


General experience: Conclusion

• Good experience with Network Project

– Project based collaboration attracts dedicated and motivated participants

– Participants need to be secured sufficient research time

– Active and frequent communication is important

– Self governance and responsibility on each participant is stimulating, but

also requires efficient local university administration

– Fixed budgets give predictable frameworks

• Laboratory infrastructures are important

– Laboratories are the base for university research. The labs will be there for

the future

– Visits to NTNU labs have been very useful

– Will require investment funds which go beyond NUFU budgets

• NUFU + NOMA + Quota is fine

– Research, education and mobility are good combinations


Pictures

NOMA- project

Msc in Renewable Energy Systems

Coordinators:

Izael Da Silva, Makerere, Kampala

Cuthbert Kimambo, University of Dar es Salam

Torbjørn K. Nielsen, NTNU

Initial Motivation

• Need of energy in Africa is obvious

• Renewable energy is a global concern

• Building competence within:

– Hydro Power, Solar PV

– Bio energy and Solar heat

• Previous collaboration with Universities in East Africa positive

• NUFU project in Solar Heat

• Makerere and University of Dar es Salaam as main partners

• Cross-boarder collaboration with:

- Addis Ababa, Mekelle Universities (Ethiopia)

- Eduardo Mondlane University Maputo (Mozambique),

- Malawi University


Start-up meeting in Kampala 2007

Specialisations: • Bioenergy • Hydropower • Solar energy • Energy Efficiency

Important aspects: • Entrepreneurship • Project planning • Electrical energy systems


Collaboration beween UiS

• Specialization University of Dar es Salam, Tanzania

– Hydro Power

– Solar Energy

• Specialization Makerere, Uganda

– Bio energy

– Energy Efficiency

• Students from:

– Tanzania

– Uganda

– Mozambique

– Ethiopia

– Malawi

Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

Makerere University, Uganda

University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

University of Malawi

Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique


Programme content

First year (in parallel: Makerere or Dar es Salaam)

Sustainable energy production, civil, mechanical and electrical engineering,

operating of small isolated electric grids, project planning and implementation,

entrepreneurship

Second year

Students specialize in one of the following fields:

• Bioenergy (Uganda)

• Solar energy (PV) (Tanzania)

• Hydropower (Tanzania)

• Energy Efficiency in the Building Environment

The specialization includes courses, project work and a Master thesis.


Courses


RESULTS

• 4 student cohorts

– In total 72 NOMA scholarships

– + 32 self sponsored/private students

– 5th cohort started both in Makerere and Dar es Salam with

minimal NOMA support

• Students have been educated to serve the energy sector in

East Africa

• Sustainable Master Programmes has been established

• Competence has been developed at the partner institutions to

enable future running of the programme


The

Students

Admissions at UDSM

2 3

7

4

21

1

3

7

4

7

18

14

27

14 14

5

9

13

9

6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1st Cohort 2nd Cohort 3rd Cohort 4th Cohort 5th Cohort

No

. Of

Ap

plic

ants

Five Intakes (2008 - 2011)

Female Aplicants

Female Enrolled

Male Applicants

Male Enroled

Field Trip to Bujagali Hydropower Project

Field Trip to Solar PV plant in Western Uganda

NOMA MSC RE Workshop at UDSM in 2009

Hydropower Class for 2011

Example of Master Thesis

• An Economic Evaluation of Solar PV System for Rural Electrification (Case Study Dodoma)

• Sustainable Energy in Rural Areas: A Case of Jatropha in Leguruki Village in Tanzania

• Analysis of Wind Power Potential at Peace House Secondary School (design a Locally Manufactured

Turbine)

• Formulating Interventions to Tanzanian Energy Policy

• Analysing the Effectiveness of Gasifier-Produced Biochar as a Soil Amendment in the Humid Tropics

• Fuelwood Saving through Charcoal - Making TLUD-ND Gasifer Stove

• Developing Hydrological Analysis Procedure for Small Hydropower: A Case of Un-gauged Dondive

Stream

• Concept Development for Production of Mini-Hydropower Turbine in Tanzania

• Charcoal to Gas Switchover in Dar es Salaam: Impact on Forestation

• Development of Cross Flow Turbine for Local Manufacturing

• Investigation of Grassy and Groundnut Shell Briquetting Properties Made from Hand Operated (Press)

Machines

• Proposing Small Hydropower Plant for Rural Setting. A Case of Kilondo, Ludewa

• Experimental and Analytical Characterization of Jatropha oil. Application on Process Heat Integration

Diesel Engine for Small Scale Bio-ethanol Plant


Spin off – Development

• Based on experience with NUFU and NOMA

project:

– MSc in Mekelle started last year (EnPe-program)

– PhD in Bioenergy Makerere

– PhD in Small Hydro Dar es Salaam/Malawi

– 2 PhDs in Solar Heat Mozambique/Ethiopia

– NOMAGEN Makerere/Dar

– Sustainable Renewable Energy Businesses in

Uganda. Entrepreneur ship project Makerere and

Norges Vel


Experiences of the Program

• The program is a success – Approved by Universities Commission and incorporated in the

Universities as regular courses

– Student intake has been beyond expectations

– Female students are given priority and extra support

• Good collaboration between UiS and NTNU

• Student exchange between Makerere and Dar has created strong south-south cooperation

• Yearly conferences has helped to improve the course – Very positive and constructive discussions

• Created a platform for lecturers to work together

• NUFU-NOMA collaboration in Solar heat a positive offshoot with very relevant extension


Challenges faced by the Program

• The project had a slow start: – University Bureaucracy

– Lack of Experience: More time for planning needed

– Slow rate of completion

• Contact with NTNU could be better – Need to get to know NTNU better?

– Problems to get in touch with the right contacts at NTNU?

– Matching (NTNU) activities with Universities in the South?

• Laboratory facilities are not sufficient – No adequate funding in NOMA

– Other funding? (Sida, World Bank)


Added value and future possibilities

• Regional collaboration – Added value well worth the

challenges

• Keep momentum: Consolidate the Regional MSc. Programs

• Promote the program for scholarship (German, Austrian,

Government, industries)

• Maintain regional collaboration – future mobility funds?

• Extend the MSc Network towards research collaboration

• Regional PhD programs ?

• Investments on laboratory equipment is necessary


Thank you for your attention


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