regional initiatives to improve land governance: africa joan kagwanja, chief,land policy initiative...
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REGIONAL INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE LAND GOVERNANCE: AFRICAJoan Kagwanja, Chief,Land Policy Initiative (LPI) ECA
Low agricultureproductivity/development
Increased food insecurity; low economic development; increased poverty; natural
resource degradation
Insecure land/ natural resource rights and tenure
•Pluralistic property regimes•State sovereignty over land •Displacement •Land allocation
•Discrimination against women•Lack of representation•Inalienable aspect land•Communal land ownership
Poor/unresponsiveland administration
•Centralized structures•Lack of transparency•Inadequate consultation•Low access to info•Corruption•Elite capture//llandgrab
Unequal land distribution
Low human resource capacity
Poor financial resources
Inadequate/inappropriate policies/legislation
Poor land Information
Systems (LIS),
Low Investment on land
Poor/insecure access to land/ increased vulnerability
Increased land disputes/insecurity /vulnerability
Poor/ low urbandevelopment
Poor/unsustainablenatural resource
management
Colonial Legacy Cultural Practices Poor Governance
Low/Inadequate implementation•High cost/long period to secure rights•unfair land allocations
Land related challenges -Africa
ECAAU-ECA-AfDB Land Policy Initiative
Build evidence, partnerships/Synergies/coherence/Commitment in support of land Reforms
Lack of sustainable donor support
Cross-boarder aspects of land related disputes/issues
Incoherent involvement of actors/partners
Inadequate lessons learning in policy formulation/implementation
Low political will/commitmentby African govts
A Regional Response to land challenges?
AU-ECA-AfDB
Land Policy Initiative
Lack of sustainable donor support
Cross-boarder aspects of land related disputes/issues
Incoherent involvement of actors/partners
Inadequate lessons learning in policy formulation/implementation
Low political will/commitmentby African govts
Framework/guidelines
on land policy in Africa (F&G)
Benchmarks/indicators
On land policy and governance
Build evidence, partnerships/Synergies/coherence/commitment in support of land Reforms
Regional/continental multi-stakeholder assessmentsdialogue, consultation and consensus on land reform
AU Declaration on land on Land Issues and
Challenges
Monitoring &EvaluationFramework with Benchmarks/indicators
Implementing entity/
mechanism
AU-ECA-AfDB Land Policy
Initiative
Framework/guidelineson land policy in Africa
(F&G)
Benchmarks/indicators
On land policy and governance
Build evidence, partnerships/Synergies/coherence/commitment in support of land Reforms
Regional/continental multi-stakeholder assessmentsdialogue, consultation and consensus on land reform
AU Declaration on land on Land Issues and
Challenges
Lack of sustainable donor support
Cross-boarder aspects of land related disputes/issues
Incoherent involvement of actors/partners
Inadequate lessons learning in policy formulation/implementation
Low political will/commitmentby African govts
Monitoring &EvaluationFramework with Benchmarks/indicators
Implementing entity/
mechanism
Increased political/ other commitment of African governments
Increased support ofDev, partners
Timely/appropriate land policies; effective administration
Increased monitoringof reforms/processes
Improved land governance•Equity in land distribution•Secure land rights•Reduced land disputes
-Sustainable NRM-Agricultural transformation-urban development
Resources, technical capacity,
synergies/ coordination
AU-ECA-AfDB Land Policy Initiative
Framework/guidelineson land policy in Africa
(F&G)
Benchmarks/indicators
On land policy and governance
Build evidence, partnerships/Synergies/coherence/commitment in support of land Reforms
Regional/continental multi-stakeholder assessmentsdialogue, consultation and consensus on land reform
AU Declaration on land on Land Issues and Challenges
Increased political/ other commitment of African governments
Increased support of development partners
Timely/appropriate land policies; effective administration
Increased monitoringof reforms/processes
Improved land governance•Equity in land distribution•Secure land rights•Reduced land disputes
-Agricultural transformation-urban development
Lack of sustainable donor support
Cross-boarder aspects of land related disputes/issues
Incoherent involvement of actors/partners
Inadequate lessons learning in policy formulation/implementation
Low political will/commitmentby African govts
Monitoring &EvaluationFramework with Benchmarks/indicators
Implementing entity/
mechanism
Resources, technical capacity,
synergies/ coordination
Stakeholders now agree on an African land agenda
• Consensus on Africa’s agenda on Land governance
• Enhanced knowledge of the challenges; gaps in processes/institutions
• Dialogue on land policy related agenda to address challenges
• Partnerships and Commitment• CSO/non state actors platform• Donor Working Group• Private sector??????
• Resource Mobilisation/partnerships
Guidelines on LSLBI
The African experience can provide lessons for other regions?
• Building consensus on a land agenda with political commitment– AU- Framework & Guidelines– CFS/FAO-Voluntary Guidelines
• Establishing an entity (LPI) to steer operations –location? Strategy? Business Plan?
• Developing a mechanism for stakeholder engagement (CSO, Farmers)
• A platform for enhancing partnerships, synergies and coordination
• Monitoring and reporting framework—political anchor
Priority areas for quick winsLSLBI GOAL: Increase responsible investments on land
to contribute to agricultural transformation and sustainable social and economic development
Key actions need: • Adopt and adhered to regulatory frameworks - with
respect to LSLBI – policies; institutions; GP• Enhanced capacities among all stakeholders involved
in assessment, negotiation and monitoring of processes relating to LSLBI
• Enhance partnerships which promote solidarity, corporation and mutual accountability established between and within countries, regions
• Integrate land governance in the CAADP results framework ==monitoring framework for LSLBI
Targets: Regulatory framework for the governance of LSLBI as per AU Guiding Principles adopted by 80% of countries targeted by LSLBI by 2024
Indicators---MEF
Indicators
•Legal and institutional framework• Land policy developed in a
participatory forum• Land policy framework is
available with an action plan that is realistic and has required financial resources for implementation
• Recognition of the continuum of land tenure rights in rural and urban areas are protected in either statutory or customary systems
• Institutions solely focused on land issues (administration, management) with clear mandates
Security tenure of women• Acknowledgement of women's
individual land rights in law either through customary or statutory law
• The law provides opportunities for those holding land under customary, group, or collective tenure to fully or partially individualize land ownership and use.
• Procedures for registration of tenure are clearly specified, safeguarded, and followed in practice
• Proportion of women with documented land rights
Indicators/2
•Equitable land systems• Existence of formal
mechanisms for land management and land administration
• Ease of registration of property
• Affordability of registration of property
• % of Land (urban and rural) that is registered
• % of communal land that is registered
• Access to justice /recourse to enforce land rights
• Percentage of landless / homeless/squatting households
•Resource allocation indicators• Total amount, and %
of national budget allocated to land sector
• % of land policy needs covered by national budget
• % of composition of donor funds in national land budget
• % of total land budget allocated to training of staff dealing with land
Indicators/3
•Land management systems• Land is mapped and rights are registered • Land acquisition generates few conflicts
and these are addressed expeditiously and transparently
• Public institutions involved in land acquisition operate in a clear and transparent manner
• Incentives for investors are clear, transparent and consistent
• There are direct and transparent negotiations between right holders and investors
• Social and environmental requirements for large scale investments in agriculture are clearly defined and implemented
• There are avenues to lodge complaints if agricultural investors do not comply with requirements
Process of M&E
Role of Stakeholders in MEStakeholders Role
LPI Work planning for M&E Coordination of processes and resource
mobilization Presentation of M&E results to the AU Summit Consolidation of regional data
RECs Identification of relevant ministries, departments and agencies that are custodians of land governance reform data
Coordination of M&E process at a regional level including work planning and identification of technical assistance that may be required
Consolidation of data from Member StatesMember States
Coordination of different actors for data collection (in countries where there is limited support, RECs will provide technical and management assistance to drive the process at the country level)
Stakeholder meeting for validation of dataCivil Society Data collection and validation of data
Technical support at the country level
