CONTENTSCONTENTS1-Khmere Basin

2-Regional Geology Khmer Basin

3-Regime Tectonic

4-Seismic Database

-a/ Acquisition Data

-b/ Prospect Angkor

-C/ Cross Section Seismic

5-Play Type

-a/ Play Schematic

-b/ Structure Map

6-Reservoir rock Khmer Basin

-a/ Petrophisical Result

-b/ Petroleum Geology Reservoir rock

-c/ Porosity and Permeability in Reservoir rock

-d/ Hydrocarbon Saturation

KHMER BASIN MAPKHMER BASIN MAP

REGIONAL GEOLOGY IN KHMER BASINREGIONAL GEOLOGY IN KHMER BASIN

•• A half A half grabengraben which was formed by right lateral transwhich was formed by right lateral trans-- tensional movement tensional movement •• cause by cause by exstrusionexstrusion of Indochina during Early Oligoceneof Indochina during Early Oligocene•• The axis of the basin is NorthThe axis of the basin is North--South and the eastern limit is basinSouth and the eastern limit is basin--bounding fault thrown to the bounding fault thrown to the

west.west.•• The Oldest formation in the basin is Early Oligocene The Oldest formation in the basin is Early Oligocene clasticclastic..•• The basin center is located around southern part of Block III , The basin center is located around southern part of Block III , which depth is about 6000which depth is about 6000--7000 7000

meters. meters.

STRATIGRAPHYSTRATIGRAPHY (depositional environment) (depositional environment) •• Late Miocene Late Miocene –– Pliocen Pliocen ––PleistocenePleistocene : Shallow marine: Shallow marine•• Middle Miocene Fluvial Middle Miocene Fluvial –– Coastal plainCoastal plain : Fluvial Coastal plain: Fluvial Coastal plain•• Early Miocene Early Miocene : Fluvial : Fluvial ––LacustrineLacustrine•• Oligocene Oligocene : Alluvial fan near basin : Alluvial fan near basin

SESMIC DATA BASESESMIC DATA BASE

Block I and II –Operator : Enterprise

Oil 2 D -58 lines

Block III-Operator : Campex

2 D -48 lines

Block V I –Operator : Premier Oil

2 D -43 lines

ANGKORANGKOR--1 PROSPECT1 PROSPECTDEPTH MAPDEPTH MAP

CROSS SECTION LINECROSS SECTION LINEE92 CBO6E92 CBO6--077 ANGKOR077 ANGKOR--11

Lower Oligocene

REGIME TECTONICREGIME TECTONIC

The Khmer basin was completed tectonic in relation with India The Khmer basin was completed tectonic in relation with India

Erasia continental collision and Exstrusion of Indochina :Erasia continental collision and Exstrusion of Indochina :

-- AGEAGE (Eocene?) (Eocene?) -- Oligocene.Oligocene.

-- Stress Stress -- Right lateral transRight lateral trans--tensionaltensional

-- Play Play : : -- Late Miocene Late Miocene --OligoceneOligocene-- Late MioceneLate Miocene--PlioPlio-- PleistocenePleistocene : Shallow marine: Shallow marine-- Middle Miocene Middle Miocene -- : Channel sandstone: Channel sandstone-- Lower Oligocene Lower Oligocene -- : Channel sandstone : Channel sandstone

LacustrineLacustrine sandstone. sandstone.

ACQUISITION DATAACQUISITION DATA

2D SEISMICDuring 1992 Enterprise acquired 7344 km of 2D seismic data,

Split as follow:3079 km in block I ,3352 km of regional data

in block III and II .

The data was acquired by HGS and provided a 2.5 x 2.5 km grid

over block I and II ,and a 20 x 20 km grid over block III and IV.

The data was processed by Ensign between June and October 1992.

In addition, Enterprise traded seismic data with Campex to gain

a further 3600 km of 2D data over block III.

By the end of 1998 Woodside Petroleum(Australian Company)

has awarded PSCs for offshore blocks 5 & 6. Woodside acquired

5000km of 2D seismic lines.

3D SEISMICThe 2D dataset was considered in adequate for detailed mapping

of complex structure found along the margins of the Khmer Basin.

The way forward was identified to be the acquisition of the 3D survey

was part of the work commitment for a first license extension. The 3D

survey was acquired by the vessel M/V Western between 9 October

1994 and 2 December 1994. It covered 860 km2 and Comprised over

35,000 subsurface line km of data, creating normal 40 fold cube of data,

with a crossline separation of 25 m and in line spacing of 12.5 m.

As a result, a total 9 wells were drilled and about 13675.150 km of 2D

seismic lines and 1050 km2 of 3D seismic survey acquired and processed

in these offshore blocks by those companies during 1990-1997.

STRUCTURE MAP KHMER BASINSTRUCTURE MAP KHMER BASIN

PLAY TYPEPLAY TYPE

Play DescriptionPlay DescriptionWell NameWell Name

synthetic/antithetic fault trap at south of basinsynthetic/antithetic fault trap at south of basinDaDa--11synthetic/antithetic fault trap at east of basin synthetic/antithetic fault trap at east of basin DevadaDevada--11

synthetic/antithetic fault trap at western of basinsynthetic/antithetic fault trap at western of basinPouloPoulo waiwai--11synthetic/antithetic fault trap near basin synthetic/antithetic fault trap near basin ApsaraApsara-- 11four way dip closure basin centerfour way dip closure basin centerKoahKoah PringPring--11first fault trap from basin centerfirst fault trap from basin centerKoahKoah TangTang--11

DESIGNTED PLAY TYPESDESIGNTED PLAY TYPES

PLAY SCHEMATIC

ResultResultWellsWellsOperatorOperatorBlock NameBlock Name

SECOND STAGE (1991-1998)

Oil discovery in Upper OligoceneOil discovery in Upper OligoceneDryDry

KoahKoah TangTang--11KoahKoah PringPring--11

PREMIERPREMIERIDEMITSUIDEMITSU

BLOCK IVBLOCK IV

Oil discovery in Upper Oligocene DryOil discovery in Upper Oligocene DryDryDry

ApsaraApsara--11DevadaDevada--11PouloPoulo WaiWai--11

CAMPEXCAMPEXIDEMITSUIDEMITSU

BLOCK IIIBLOCK III

Oil & Gas discovery in Lower Oligocene Oil & Gas discovery in Lower Oligocene DryDryDryDryDryDry

AngkorAngkor--11DaDa--11PreahPreah KhanKhan--11BayonBayon--11

ENTERPRISEENTERPRISEBLOCK I/IIBLOCK I/II

Started in 1998,Seismic optionStarted in 1998,Seismic optionWOODSIDEWOODSIDEBLOCK V/VIBLOCK V/VI

DryDryDry, but untested closure remain deeperDry, but untested closure remain deeperDryDry

HH--11LL--11B1B1--11

ELFELFKOMPONG SOMKOMPONG SOM

ResultResultWellsWellsOperatorOperatorBlock NameBlock Name

EExploration history in CambodiaFIRST STAGE (1971-1975)

RESERVOIR KHMER BASINRESERVOIR KHMER BASIN

Reservoir rock khmer basin are potencial developed in stacked saReservoir rock khmer basin are potencial developed in stacked sandstone ndstone sequence ,which are anticipated to be developed fluvial channel sequence ,which are anticipated to be developed fluvial channel sandstone sandstone in stacked channel sandstone in stacked channel complexes fluviain stacked channel sandstone in stacked channel complexes fluvial l ––delta delta and fluvial and fluvial lacustrinelacustrine sediment.sediment.

Commercial Reservoir in Commercial Reservoir in khmerkhmer basin through rang 12basin through rang 12--20 m in thick, 20 m in thick, average thickness is 5.5 m . A typical discovery consist 8average thickness is 5.5 m . A typical discovery consist 8--20 m pay sand 20 m pay sand with on aggregate net thick net thickness of 50 m over interval with on aggregate net thick net thickness of 50 m over interval 700 m. 700 m.

Reservoir quality effective hydrocarbon reservoir within the KhmReservoir quality effective hydrocarbon reservoir within the Khmer basiner basinare sandstone of late Oligocene to Early Miocene age. are sandstone of late Oligocene to Early Miocene age.

ISOPACH POSOSITY MAP

Top sequence III and IV

Depth vs Porosity

KHMER BASIN

Leang-3

OFFSHORE CAMBODIA PETROPHYSICAL RESULT

2626292927,927,917,617,6

22,322,3292922,22,16,716,7

66,166,12727

10,510,588,288,2

228228112112630630821821

DevadaDevada: Late : Late MiocenMiocenMid MioceneMid MioceneLow MioceneLow MioceneEarly Early miocenemiocene

21,721,724,124,1222215,415,4

16,316,315,615,616,516,56,16,1

41,941,988,588,5

109,9109,946,346,3

557557571571666666758758

DaDa : Late : Late MiocenMiocenMid MioceneMid MioceneLow MioceneLow MioceneEarly Early miocenemiocene

28,328,314,514,519,419,414,314,3

161615152121

92,592,5

58,458,491,491,4

222,8222,892,592,5

365365605605

10701070989989

BayonBayon: Late : Late MiocenMiocenMid MioceneMid MioceneLow MioceneLow MioceneEarly Early miocenemiocene

37,437,425,825,816,516,516,916,9

4,14,16,26,212,512,56,56,5

14,214,210,210,2

107,9107,973,573,5

350350164164863863

11341134

ApsaraApsara: Late : Late MiocenMiocenMid MioceneMid MioceneLow MioceneLow MioceneEarly Early miocenemiocene

303023,823,810,910,910,110,1

25,325,3196,5196,538,838,810,110,1

99,599,5119,9119,9275,2275,2137137

394394611611710710

13891389

Angkor: Late Angkor: Late MiocenMiocenMid MioceneMid MioceneLow MioceneLow MioceneEarly Early miocenemiocene

Porosity %Porosity %NTG %NTG %Net Sand mNet Sand mGross Gross ThTh mmReservoirReservoirAgeAge

PRTROLEUM GEOLOGY RESERVOIR ROCKPotential Reservoir Rock in offshore Cambodia

UnknowUnknowsandsandPrePre-- tertiarytertiary

KoahKoah tang 1179 B /Dtang 1179 B /DFair poorFair poorPoorPoorFair goodFair good

Fluvial channel sandFluvial channel sandLacustrineLacustrine sandstone sandstone

OligoceneOligocene

AngkorAngkor--180B/D180B/DgoodgoodFluvial channel sandFluvial channel sandLacustrineLacustrine sandstone.sandstone.

Low MioceneLow MiocenegoodgoodFluvial channel sandFluvial channel sandMid MioceneMid Miocene

DiscoveryDiscoveryQualityQualityReservoirReservoirFormationFormation

CORRELATION WELL KHMER BASINCORRELATION WELL KHMER BASIN

11.211.248648622062206--26922692DA DA --11

141449249225452545--30003000BAYON BAYON --11

1515650650450450--31003100ANGKOR ANGKOR --11

191934034025252525--28652865APSARA APSARA --11

111132432425002500--28422842KAOH TANG KAOH TANG --11

Net PayNet Pay(m)(m)

Gross sand ThicknessGross sand Thickness(m)(m)

Interval depthInterval depth(m)(m)

PARAMETERPARAMETERRESERVOIR RESERVOIR

LOCATIONLOCATION

WELL OVERVIEW

Porosity and Permeability in Reservoir RockPorosity and Permeability in Reservoir RockThe Oldest formation in the basin is (Late Eocene?) Early Oligocene clasticreservoir depression are characterized vertically and laterally .Porosity and permeability due to basin evolution history , complex tectonic movement

The petrophysical property distribution formation of Khmer Basin

0,10,11144400400750750Permeability Permeability k k mdmd

12121313141423,323,32727PorosityPorosityQQ%%

ApsaraApsara--11SequenceSequence

IIII

PouloPoulo waiwai--11SequenceSequence

IIIIII

DevedaDeveda--11SequenceSequence

IVIV

DaDa--11SequenceSequence

VV

AngkorAngkor--11SequenceSequence

VIIVII

Region Region

ParameterParameter

Depth vs Porosity Function

Based on Angkor-1 &Apsra-1 Well Data

SUMMARY OF UNSTEADYSUMMARY OF UNSTEADY--STATE GAS OIL STATE GAS OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY RESULTRELATIVE PERMEABILITY RESULT

81,181,115,915,925,225,27457452028,5 02028,5 0

67,667,632,432,415,215,217,517,52775,502775,50

82,682,617,417,424.524.5768 768 2030,60 2030,60

oiloilSaturationSaturation

%%

waterwatersaturationsaturation

%%PorosityPorosity

%%PermeabilityPermeability

k k mdmdDepth Depth

mm

Hydrocarbon Saturation

POROSITY& PERMEABILITY RELATIONSHIP