regents format
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Regents Format. 50 Multiple Choice Questions 1 Thematic Essay 1 DBQ 8 – 12 Scaffolding Questions 3 Hours You must stay for 2 hours Essay and docs in blue or black pen Multiple choice in pencil. Questions. Questions 1 – 40 (approx) are chronological Questions 40 – 50 are random - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Regents Format
50 Multiple Choice Questions1 Thematic Essay1 DBQ8 – 12 Scaffolding Questions3 HoursYou must stay for 2 hoursEssay and docs in blue or black penMultiple choice in pencil
Questions
Questions 1 – 40 (approx) are chronological
Questions 40 – 50 are randomMaps, charts, graphs, quotes, and
passages make up to 15 questions30 (or so) questions from Global 10
Needs
2 PencilsBlue or Black PensEssay in penSign your nameEat breakfastSleep
Card #1: Social Studies/Early People
Nomads/Hunter-Gatherers – people who moved from place to place and followed food sources
Neolithic Revolution – beginning of farming, permanent settlements, and domesticated animals
River Valleys – Cradle of Civilization, fertile land
Card #1: Early People/History
Culture/Cultural DiffusionCivilization – governments, writing, laws,
architecturePrimary Source – first hand accountEconomist – MoneyAnthropologist – Studies peopleArchaeologist – Studies artifacts
Card #2 – China/Yellow River
Huang He (Yellow) River – “River of Sorrows”; loess makes it yellow and fertile
Dynastic Cycle – leader rules until he loses the Mandate of Heaven
Written language
Card #3 – Mesopotamia: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Rivers flood and leave behind fertile siltMajor city-state: Sumer; Also known as Fertile CrescentModern day IraqPolytheistic. Built temples called
zigguratsSystem of writing was cuneiform
Card #3 – Mesopotamia: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (cont)
Babylonians:Hammurabi – written system of laws; unequal for poor“an eye for an eye”
Card #4 – Egypt: Nile River
Hieroglyphics – system of writingPapyrus - paperContributions: science, medicine,
math, pyramidsAdvanced CivilizationPharaohPolytheism
Card #5: Classical Greece
Located on Mediterranean Sea; Greeks became skilled seafarers
Geography: Many small islands and mountains led to disunity among Greeks and creation of independent city-states
Sparta: militaristic Athens: education, culture and first direct
democracy Athens was a limited democracy (only adult,
land owning male citizens could vote) Philosophy in Athens: Socrates, Plato
Card #5: Classical Greece (cont)
Alexander the Great: created a large empire and culture that
included Greek, Indian, Persian, and Egyptian cultures
Became known as Hellenistic CultureAdvancements in science, math,
architecture (GOLDEN AGE)
Card #6: Classical Rome
Rome begins as a Republic: government officials chosen by the people
Social Classes: Patricians (rich) and Plebeians (poor)
The Senate was the governing body 12 Tables – written laws (compare with…) Rome becomes an empire Pax Romana – period of peace in the Roman
Empire (led by Augustus Caesar)
Card #6: Classical Rome
Roman Impact: Laws, architecture, roads, aqueducts, Greco-Roman culture
Bread and Circus – gladiator fightsFall of Rome: corruption, invasions, high
taxesRome is divided into two parts to make it
more manageable (western empire called Rome, eastern called Byzantine)
Card #7: Byzantine Empire
The Roman Empire is split because it is too large
The western part was Rome and the eastern part was Byzantine
Byzantine preserved Roman culture and laws with Justinian’s Code of Laws (compare with…)
Greatly influenced Russia’s alphabet (Cyrillic) and religion (Orthodox Christianity)
Card #8 – Trading Routes
Silk Road (China) stretched up to 4000 miles– cultural diffusion
Phoenicians – Mediterranean trading empire. Contribution - alphabet
Zheng He (China) – sea trade. Canton, China became trading center
Card #9 – Christianity and Judaism
MonotheisticTen Commandments – written laws,
moral and ethical code of conductTorah – Jewish holy book, half of the
Christian Bible (Old Testament)Important people: Jesus, Moses
Card #10 - Islam
MonotheisticGod: AllahFounder: MuhammadHoly City – MeccaHoly Book – Koran (Qu’ran)
Islam (cont)
5 Pillars of Islam – Faith – in one GodPrayer – 5X per day facing MeccaFasting – one month during daylightPilgrimage (hajj) – to Mecca once in your
lifeAlms (Charity) – to the less fortunate
Card #11 – Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism:Caste system: social class system with
no mobilityReincarnation – rebirth. Which caste
determined by karma (actions in life; can be good or bad) and dharma (moral and religious duties)
Moksha – enlightenment; end of reincarnation
Card #11: Hinduism and Buddhism (cont)
BuddhismFounder: Siddhartha GuatamaReincarnation (same as Hindu) Nirvana: enlightenment; end of
reincarnation (same as moksha)
Card #11: Hinduism and Buddhism (cont)
Buddhist Holy LawsFour Noble Truths
Suffering exists because of desire. No desire, no suffering
Eightfold Path – The way to avoid suffering
Card #12: Other Religions
Confucianism (China): Everyone has a duty or responsibility
based on their position in life5 Relationships: Inferior must serve
superiorFilial Piety: Respect for parentsBasis for civil service exams in China
Card #12: Other Religions (cont)
Shinto and AnimismSpirits exist in everythingWorship of nature
Card #13: Islamic Civilization
Golden Age: preserved Greco-Roman cultureLearning: algebra, medicine, architecture
SERFS
KNIGHTS
VASSALS
LORDS
KING
Card #14: Medieval Europe
Feudalism (MANORIALISM) – social and political system where everyone had a responsibility to someone else
All lived on a manor; self-sufficient Lords owned land, knights protected it
(chivalry), serfs worked the land Church was very powerful Black Plague killed many; spread thru trade
Card #15: The Crusades
Pope asks Christians to take back the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims
They go because: promised heaven, gain land, excitement, escape feudalism
Christians win at first, but can’t keep Jerusalem
Effects: trade, new products, learning, cultural diffusion, feudalism ends
EMPEROR
DAIMYO
SAMURAI
SHOGUN
PEASANTS
Card #16 - Japan
Card #16 - Japan
Borrow culture from Korea and ChinaFeudalismDaimyo = LordSamurai = KnightBushido = Chivalry
Card #17 - Mongols
Card #17 - Mongols
Unified by Genghis KhanWarriors on horseback; nomadsVery large empirePax Mongolia: stability and peaceMarco Polo: traveled and wrote about
time with Mongols in China
Card #18: West African Civs
Card #18: West African Civs
Mali, Ghana, Songhai engaged in salt and gold trade through the Sahara
Timbuktu: center of learning and tradeMansa Musa: spread Islam
Card #19: Renaissance
Card #19: Renaissance
Begins in Italy b/c of ports, patrons who pay for art
Humanism: focus on the individual and present life
Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel, David Da Vinci: Renaissance Man Shakespeare: sonnets, plays Machiavelli: wrote The Prince, gain and keep
power at any cost Printing press: invented by Gutenberg;
increased literacy and spread ideas
Card #20 – Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses complaining about the Church, specifically the sale of indulgences, or pardons for sins
Protestants: Christian religions that “protested” the Catholic Church
John Calvin: Calvinism; predestination (your path in life is already chosen)
King Henry VIII created Anglican Church, or Church of England
Card #21: Counter (Catholic) Reformation
Catholic Church reforms to win back followers by holding the Council of Trent
Reformation leads to disunity in religion in Europe
Card #22: Spain/Portugal
Use of sailing technology such as the compass, astrolabe, and caravel allows Spain and Portugal explore
Dias and da Gama sail to and around the tip of Africa
Columbus sails to “India”New trade routes createdSpanish conquistadors
Card #22: Spain/Portugal
Card #23 - Mesoamerica
Aztecs
Mexico CityAdvanced Civilization – architecture,
science, math, calendarPolytheisticChinampas – floating gardens (adapting
to environment)
Maya
Maya
Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula)Advanced Civilization
Inca
Inca
Andes Mts, Peru, South AmericaTerrace Farming on mountains (adapting
to environment)City Planning – roads
Card #24: Exploration
Conquistadors: Pizarro (Inca) and Cortes (Aztec)
Encomienda System: social class system of Spanish America based on place of origin
Card #24: Exploration (cont)
Native Americans die out due to diseaseTriangular Slave Trade: African slaves
for raw materials for finished productsColumbian Exchange: global exchange
of food, people, ideas, etcMercantilism: nations should export
more than they import, and the colonies should help
Card #24: Exploration
Card #25: Absolutism
Absolute Monarch – complete control over a nation
Divine Right – authority to rule from GodLouis XIV (France): “The Sun King” – “I
am the state.”Peter the Great (Russia): westernize;
wanted a warm water port
Card #25: Absolutism (cont)
England: Responses to AbsolutismMagna Carta, Glorious Revolution, and
the English Bill of Rights: led to England becoming a limited monarchy
Card #26: Scientific Revolution
Scientific Method - experimentCopernicus – heliocentric modelGalileo – TelecopeNewton – GravityObservation, inquiry,
experimentation
Card #27: Enlightenment
Question, reason, democracyLocke – natural rights (life, liberty, and
property)Montesquieu – separation of powers and
checks and balancesVoltaire – free speechEffects: American Rev, French Rev
Card #28: French Rev/Napoleon
Causes: Enlightenment, American Rev, Inequality
3rd Estate: High taxes, no say in gov’tBastille – symbolic of the revolutionDeclaration of Rights of ManRobespierre – Reign of Terror
Card #28: French Rev/Napoleon
Napoleon – Napoleonic Code (equality), large empire, defeat in Russia
Congress of Vienna – gave Napoleon’s land back to previous monarchs
Card #29: Latin American Revolutions
Toussaint L’Ouverture and Simon Bolivar: independence leaders/nationalists/revolutionaries
Spanish America: Encomienda system. Peninsulares (pure Spanish blood) on top
Card #29: Latin American Revolutions
Card #30: Nationalism
Italy: Cavour, Garibaldi, and Mazzini are nationalists/unifiers
Germany: Otto von Bismarck (OVB) used blood and iron to unify German speaking people
Card #31: Industrial Revolution
Caused by agricultural revolution and population explosion
EffectsUrbanization (increase population in
cities), child labor, child labor laws, improved living standards, better and faster products, rise of the middle class and big business
Card #31: Industrial Revolution (cont)
Karl Marx (Marxism): The lower class (the have nots or the proletariat) will revolt against the factory owners (haves or the bourgeoisie) in an uprising that will spread across the world. History is based on social class struggles.
Adam Smith (Capitalism/Market Economy/Laissez Faire): prices set by supply and demand; consumers have choices
Card #31: Industrial Revolution (cont)
Laissez Faire: gov’t stays out of people’s economic affairs
Example: Irish potato crop fails; many die, many migrate to America
Card #32: Imperialism
Caused by:racism (White Man’s Burden: a poem
that spoke of the inferiority of the Africans)
Desire for natural resourcesMissionaries
Berlin Conference – Africa divided up by European powers
Card #32: Imperialism
China: Boxer Rebellion/Opium Wars were fought to get rid of foreign influence. Spheres of influence were trading areas for foreign powers
Card #32: Imperialism (cont)
India:
Received technology and modernization but also suffered greatly.
Sepoy Rebellion – fight against disrespect of Indian culture (compare with…)
Card #33: Meiji Restoration
Japan was isolationist, but the West wanted to trade with them
Matthew Perry arrives and forces them to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa
Meiji Restoration – Shogun is taken out and Emperor Meiji modernizes, westernizes, and industrializes Japan
Trade increases and Japan gains colonies
Card #34: World War I
Causes: Nationalism: Serbia wanted their
independence from Austria. A nationalist assassinated Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.
This area was called the Powder Keg because it could blow at any minute
Militarism: Germany built up their military Alliances: Triple Alliance (Central Powers) and
Triple Entente (Allies)
Card #34: World War I (cont.)
Trenches, technology (tanks, machine gun, poison gas), total war (all of the nation’s resources went to the war effort)
US enters due to unrestricted sub warfare
Russia exits due to Russian RevolutionTreaty of Versailles: Blame, reparations,
lost land and military for Germany, new nations created, League of Nations
Card #35: Russian Revolution
Czar is a totalitarian ruler
Causes of revolution:World War I, Bloody Sunday
Card #35: Russian Revolution
March Revolution: Czar out; Temporary Gov’t set up; they fail b/c they stay in WWI
November Revolution: Bolsheviks (communists), led by Lenin, take over
Peasants support them b/c they promise “Peace, land, and Bread”
Set up a command economy (communism) where the state controls everything
Card #35: Russian Rev (cont)
Stalin takes over and focuses on industry (5 year plan) and agriculture (combining small farms into state run collective farms)
Causes mass starvation and kills those who oppose him
Great Purge – fake trials and imprisonment (in Gulags) or killing of opposition
Card #36: Rise of Fascism
Fascism uses extreme nationalism, terror and censorship
Germany: facing hyperinflation, desperation, and anger after WWI, Hitler is able to gain power
Italy: Mussolini gains powerThe Allies and League of Nations appease Hitler by letting him take over countries with no consequences
Card #37: World War II
Causes:Appeasement (Munich Conference)German and Axis Powers aggression
(Poland was the last straw)
Major Events:Pearl Harbor, Stalingrad (cold in Russia),
Invasion of Normandy, Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Card #37: World War II (cont)
Effects United Nations Germany Divided into democratic and
communist zone Nuremberg Trials – Nazis on trial for crimes
against humanity Marshal Plan - $ to rebuild Europe Truman Doctrine – military protection to fight
dictatorship
Card #38: Cold War
Iron Curtain NATO (democratic) vs. Warsaw Pact
(communist) – military alliances satellites (countries surrounded and controlled
by the USSR) Marshall Plan ($ used to combat communism) Containment (keeping communism where it is) Domino Effect Non-alignment – countries who took sides on
a case by case basis (India)
Card #38: Cold War (cont)
Key Events:Cuban Missile CrisisVietnam and Korean Wars – example of
containment and domino theoryBerlin AirliftBerlin WallSpace and Arms Race
Card #39: Collapse of Communism
Reasons for the Fall of the Soviet Union Policies of Gorbachev: glasnost (free speech)
and perestroika (some capitalism)Effects of fall of USSR: End of Cold War and communism Berlin Wall falls Transition to market economy and democracy
for former satellites in eastern Europe Free elections and new nations formed
Card #40: Chinese Communist Revolution
Commies led by Mao; supported by peasants
Mao’s Policies:Great Leap Forward: tried to improve
industry; set high quotas; led to backyard furnaces; communes for farming; leads to starvation
Cultural Revolution: Red Guards beat anyone who opposed Mao
Card #40: Chinese Comm. (cont)
Deng’s policiesFour ModernizationsLimited Privatization: allows some
capitalism into China; successfulLimited Human Rights: Tiananmen
Square MassacreDifferent from Mao b/c…Same as Mao b/c…
Card #41: Decolonization
After WWII many colonies gain independence from their imperialists
African independence leaders/nationalists: Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta
Card #41: Decolonization (cont)
South Africa had apartheid: a system of unequal legal segregation of the black and white South Africans
Blacks had to carry passbooks, couldn’t intermarry, etc.
African National Congress (ANC), led by Nelson Mandela tried to end minority rule
Mandela imprisoned; other countries use sanctions
White rule ends in 1994 and Mandela elected president
Card #41: Decolonization (cont)
IndiaGandhi uses civil disobedience to fight
British imperialism (Salt March) India is freed in 1947. It is also divided into
India (for Hindus) and Pakistan (for Muslims)
Massacres follow as each migrate to their new home
Card #42: Modern Latin America
Developing Nations: Poor healthcare, government instability
Trying to turn to democracy
Card #43: Hot Spots
Israel: Israelis (Jews) vs. Arabs (Muslims)Balfour Declaration promised Jews a
homelandPalestine, an Arab nation is divided for the
creation of IsraelSince, constant conflict. Hamas is a terrorist
group trying to remove IsraelCamp David Accords: peace between Israel
and Egypt
Card #43: Hot Spots (cont)
Ethnic Conflict Ireland: Protestants vs. CatholicsRwanda: Hutu vs. Tutsi India vs. Pakistan (over Kashmir and
nuclear weapons
Card #43: Hot Spots (cont)
Ethnic Cleansing/GenocideSlobodon Milosevic (Yugoslavia)Pol Pot (Cambodia)Darfur
Card #44: Current Issues
Deforestation: in Amazon Basin and Sub-Saharan Africa
Green Revolution: farming technologyOverpopulationUrbanizationEnvironmental probs caused by burning
of fossil fuelsSolution: International cooperation
Card #45: Other Stuff
Indus River: Monsoons, city planning Golden Ages: Maurya, Gupta, Tang, Song Trading cities: Venice, Mogadishu, Canton Anti-Semitism: Prejudice against Jews Ibn Battuta: wrote about his travels Ataturk: modernized Turkey Zionism: Jewish nationalism Ho Chi Minh: Vietnam nationalist European Union: economic alliance NAFTA: economic alliance OPEC: oil producing nations