reg no 10812279
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
1/25
TERM PAPER
ELEMENTS OF ITINT 102
SUB-NEWSGROUP
Asato maa sadgamaya
Submitted to: submitted
by:
MR. Dinesh kumar Ashish
dhyani
Mca(H)
RollNo: R282B42
Reg,No:10812279
1
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
2/25
AKNOWLEDGMENT
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
TYPES OF NEWSGROUP
WORKING OF NEWSGROUP
FUNCTIONALITY OF NEWSGROUP
FEATURES OF NEWSGROUP:
DIVERSITY
2
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
3/25
PERIODIC POSTING
SUBSCRIPTION OF NEWSGROUP
NEWSGROUP CREATION
Future of newsgroup
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acknowledgement
3
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
4/25
I, Ashish dhyani thanks my teacher MR DINESH KUMAR
sir for provide me
with all necessary material for completing my project and
also the help is appreciated without which completion
could not have been possible.
-- Ashish dhyani
"Newsgroup"
INTRODUCTION:
4
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
5/25
NEWSGROUP are electronic discussion groups in which you can share
information and opinions with people all over the world. In NEWSGROUP
NEWSGROUP, you can reply to articles you have read and publish ("post") your
own articles for others to read. NEWSGROUP differ widely in subject and style,
ranging from casual chat to serious discourse
These are the bulletin boards of the Internet. There are around 20,000 groups
covering every subject under the sun. Most IAPs have a newsgroup server which
periodically takes all new messages from a newsgroup feed and adds the messages
which have been posted by its own users. To access the NEWSGROUP stored on
your IAPs newsgroup server you need a newsreader program
NEWSGROUP are public bulletin boards on the internet where you can post
comments and reply to other peoples' comments.
They are a useful place to find answers to questions or to talk to people who are
interested in the same things as you.
For example, if you were interested in talking about diets you could exchange
messages with people in alt.support.diet.low-fat.
One of the reasons that people find NEWSGROUP confusing are their name.
5
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
6/25
You may think that NEWSGROUP have something to do with the type of news
you see on television but NEWSGROUP can be about anything.
In fact it would be better if they had been called comment groups as there are
groups on lots of different topics ranging from juggling to music, from history to
cookery and there are a few groups about politics and news too.
People also often confuse NEWSGROUP with message boards. NEWSGROUP are
different from message boards as they don't belong to a website - they are the
internet's discussion area.
There are thousands of computers around the world called news servers.
YourISP probably has a news server and to keep all the discussions up to date itsnews server is always talking to other news servers which are talking to other news
servers which are talking to - well, you get it.
Just ask your ISP for the details of how to access their news server or have a look
at their help pages.
6
http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/askbruce/articles/boards/newsgroupwhatis_1.shtml#isphttp://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/askbruce/articles/boards/newsgroupwhatis_1.shtml#isp -
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
7/25
TYPES OF NEWSGROUPS
Typically, a newsgroup is focused on a particular topic. Some newsgroups allow
the posting of messages on a wide variety of themes, regarding anything amember chooses to discuss as on-topic, while others keep more strictly to
their particular subject, frowning on off-topic postings. The news admin
(the administrator of a news server) decides how long articles are kept
before being expired (deleted from the server). Usually they will be kept
for one or two weeks, but some admins keep articles in local or technical
newsgroups around longer than articles in other newsgroups.
Newsgroups generally come in either of two types, binary or text. There is no
technical difference between the two, but the naming differentiation allows
users and servers with limited facilities the ability to minimize network
bandwidth usage. Generally, Usenet conventions and rules are enacted
with the primary intention of minimizing the overall amount of network
traffic and resource usage.
Newsgroups are much like the public message boards on old bulletin board
systems. For those readers not familiar with this concept, envision an
electronic version of the corkboard in the entrance of your local grocery
store.7
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
8/25
NEWSGROUP NEWSGROUP are Internet discussion groups on just about any
topic you can imagine. There are more than 50,000 NEWSGROUP, and more are
added all the time. The first way students and scientists using ARPANet (early
version of the Internet) started sharing their interests and hobbies was to create
NEWSGROUP. In NEWSGROUP students and scientists placed information about
their interets and as the number of NEWSGROUP began to expand, the Internet
administrators grouped all NEWSGROUP together to form a category known as
NEWSGROUP. To start with Usnet and the NEWSGROUP within were just text
based communities and it took the creation of HTTP (hypertext transport protocol -
changed the way computers transmit and recieve information) to change this.
NEWSGROUP.com state that there are currently over 80,000 discussion categories
(known as NEWSGROUP) available on NEWSGROUP. NEWSGROUP is, by
nature, a text-based system, however binary files such as movies, pictures, music
files, and programs can also be shared among NEWSGROUP surfers, making it an
excellent file exchange medium.
You can find NEWSGROUP that interest you by searching for them on the
Google.com Web site. Google.com is a good place to learn more about
NEWSGROUP in general.
FUNCTIONALITY OF NEWSGROUPHow to post and read on NEWSGROUP
o To post and read on NEWSGROUP you need a news reader program.
A news reader program allows you to collect articles from
NEWSGROUP, display them, in subject and date order for you to
read. It will also allow you to send posts to a newsgroup as well.
Below is a list of news reader programs you could use,
Netscape Communicator- easy to use news reader program
where you select COMMUNICATOR from the tool bar, and
choose the option NEWSGROUP from the submenu.
Outlook Express - email program that also allows you to access
NEWSGROUP. Select TOOLS from the tool bar, and choose
the Option ACCOUNTS from the submenu. Also check this address for some of the best news reader
programs available - news reader programs.
The help file that comes with your news reader program should
explain how to download posts from a newsgroup to read, how
to subscribe / unsubscribe to a particular newsgroup and how to
read and post on a newsgroup with that particular news reader
8
http://www.netscape.com/computing/download/http://support.microsoft.com/oexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_providershttp://www.forteinc.com/main/homepage.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_serverhttp://www.forteinc.com/main/homepage.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_providershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_providershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_providershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosspostinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_providershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosspostinghttp://www.netscape.com/computing/download/http://support.microsoft.com/oexhttp://www.forteinc.com/main/homepage.php -
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
9/25
program.
o
Types of NEWSGROUP
o NEWSGROUP are listed in a hierarchy that goes back to the early
1980's. The different types of NEWSGROUP are shown by a
extension, an example of some of the different types of extensions and
meanings are below (for Google NEWSGROUP)
alt. - Any conceivable topic.
biz. - Business products, services, reviews
comp. - Hardware, software, consumer info
humanities. - Fine art, literature, philosophy
misc. - Employment, health, and much more news. - Info about NEWSGROUP News
rec. - Games, hobbies, sports
sci. - Applied science, social science
soc. - Social issues, culture
talk. - Current issues and debates
Newsgroup Netiquette
o When posting on NEWSGROUP you should try to follow a few basic
guidelines, often referred to as "Newsgroup Netiquette", below is a list
of some of these guidelines,
Signatures - provide information about how to get in touch with
the person posting the article, including their email address,
phone number, address, or where they're located.
Posting Emails - posting private email messages on
NEWSGROUP is seen as bad taste.
Test Messages - if you are new to posting, its a good idea to
9
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
10/25
post a "test" message.
Hoaxes - you should take posts with a pinch of salt if they are
meant to be about or from a celebrity or famous person.
Summaries - if somebody posts a summery you should respond
by email rather than post a reply because this defeats the
intention of the author.
Responding to posts - avoid trying to tedious when pick apart an
article, address it in parts or as a whole not word by word.
Spelling and Grammar - if your spelling and grammar is poor
you should check your post with a dictionary or spell checker
first.
Subject Lines - makes sure it describes your post.
Racism - avoid any posts that are abusive.
Newsgroup Spam
o Spam is when someone sends the same message to a large amount of
NEWSGROUP. Spam can be reported by going to web sites such as,
FEATURES OF NEWSGROUP:-
NEWSGROUP is a world-wide distributed discussion system. It consists of a
set of "NEWSGROUP" with names that are classified hierarchically by
subject. "Articles" or "messages" are "posted" to these NEWSGROUP by
people on computers with the appropriate software -- these articles arethen broadcast to other interconnected computer systems via a wide
variety of networks. Some NEWSGROUP are "moderated"; in these
NEWSGROUP, the articles are first sent to a moderator for approval
before appearing in the newsgroup. NEWSGROUP is available on a wide variety
of computer systems and networks, but the bulk of modern NEWSGROUP traffic
is transported over either the Internet or UUCP.
WHY IS NEWSGROUP SO HARD TO DEFINE?
The first thing to understand about NEWSGROUP is that it is widely
misunderstood. Every day on NEWSGROUP, the "blind men and the elephant"
10
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
11/25
phenomenon is evident, in spades. In my opinion, more flame wars
arise because of a lack of understanding of the nature of NEWSGROUP than
from any other source. And consider that such flame wars arise, of
necessity, among people who are on NEWSGROUP. Imagine, then, how poorly
understood NEWSGROUP must be by those outside!
Any essay on the nature of NEWSGROUP cannot ignore the erroneous
impressions held by many NEWSGROUP users. Therefore, this article will
treat falsehoods first. Keep reading for truth. (Beauty, alas, is
outside the scope of this article.)
WHAT NEWSGROUP IS NOT
1. NEWSGROUP is not an organization.
11
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
12/25
No person or group has authority over NEWSGROUP as a whole. No one
controls who gets a news feed, which articles are propagated
where, who can post articles, or anything else. There is no
"NEWSGROUP Incorporated," nor is there a "NEWSGROUP User's Group."
You're on your own.
Granted, there are various activities organized by means of NEWSGROUP
NEWSGROUP. The newsgroup creation process is one such
activity. But it would be a mistake to equate NEWSGROUP with the
organized activities it makes possible. If they were to stop
tomorrow, NEWSGROUP would go on without them.
2. NEWSGROUP is not a democracy.
Since there is no person or group in charge of NEWSGROUP as a whole
-- i.e. there is no NEWSGROUP "government" -- it follows that NEWSGROUP
cannot be a democracy, autocracy, or any other kind of "-acy."
(But see "The Camel's Nose?" below.)
3. NEWSGROUP is not fair.
After all, who shall decide what's fair? For that matter, if
someone is behaving unfairly, who's going to stop him? Neither
you nor I, that's certain.
4. NEWSGROUP is not a right.
Some people misunderstand their local right of "freedom of speech"
to mean that they have a legal right to use others' computers to
say what they wish in whatever way they wish, and the owners of
said computers have no right to stop them.
12
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
13/25
Those people are wrong. Freedom of speech also means freedom not
to speak. If I choose not to use my computer to aid your speech,
that is my right. Freedom of the press belongs to those who own
one.
5. NEWSGROUP is not a public utility.
Some NEWSGROUP sites are publicly funded or subsidized. Most of
them, by plain count, are not. There is no government monopoly
on NEWSGROUP, and little or no government control.
6. NEWSGROUP is not an academic network.
It is no surprise that many NEWSGROUP sites are universities,
research labs or other academic institutions. NEWSGROUP originated
with a link between two universities, and the exchange of ideas
and information is what such institutions are all about. But the
passage of years has changed NEWSGROUP's character. Today, by plain
count, most NEWSGROUP sites are commercial entities.
7. NEWSGROUP is not an advertising medium.
Because of NEWSGROUP's roots in academia, and because NEWSGROUP
depends
so heavily on cooperation (sometimes among competitors), custom
dictates that advertising be kept to a minimum. It is tolerated
if it is infrequent, informative, and low-hype.
The "comp.newprod" newsgroup is NOT an exception to this rule:
product announcements are screened by a moderator in an attempt to
keep the hype-to-information ratio in check.
13
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.newprodhttp://groups.google.com/group/comp.newprod -
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
14/25
If you must engage in flackery for your company, use the "biz"
hierarchy, which is explicitly "advertising-allowed", and which
(like all of NEWSGROUP) is carried only by those sites that want it.
8. NEWSGROUP is not the Internet.
The Internet is a wide-ranging network, parts of which are
subsidized by various governments. It carries many kinds of
traffic, of which NEWSGROUP is only one. And the Internet is only
one of the various networks carrying NEWSGROUP traffic.
9. NEWSGROUP is not a UUCP network.
UUCP is a protocol (actually a "protocol suite," but that's a
technical quibble) for sending data over point-to-point
connections, typically using dialup modems. Sites use UUCP to
carry many kinds of traffic, of which NEWSGROUP is only one. And
UUCP is only one of the various transports carrying NEWSGROUP
traffic.
10. NEWSGROUP is not a United States network.
It is true that NEWSGROUP originated in the United States, and the
fastest growth in NEWSGROUP sites has been there. Nowadays, however,
NEWSGROUP extends worldwide.
The heaviest concentrations of NEWSGROUP sites outside the U.S. seem
to be in Canada, Europe, Australia and Japan.
Keep NEWSGROUP's worldwide nature in mind when you post articles.
Even those who can read your language may have a culture wildly
different from yours. When your words are read, they might not
14
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
15/25
mean what you think they mean.
11. NEWSGROUP is not a UNIX network.
Don't assume that everyone is using "rn" on a UNIX machine. Among
the systems used to read and post to NEWSGROUP are Vaxen running VMS,
IBM mainframes, Amigos, Macintoshes and MS-DOS PCs.
12. NEWSGROUP is not an ASCII network.
The A in ASCII stands for "American". Sites in other countries
often use character sets better suited to their language(s) ofchoice; such are typically, though not always, supersets of ASCII.
Even in the United States, ASCII is not universally used: IBM
mainframes use (shudder) EBCDIC. Ignore non-ASCII sites if you
like, but they exist.
13. NEWSGROUP is not software.
There are dozens of software packages used at various sites totransport and read NEWSGROUP articles. So no one program or package
can be called "the NEWSGROUP software."
Software designed to support NEWSGROUP traffic can be (and is) used
for other kinds of communication, usually without risk of mixing
the two. Such private communication networks are typically kept
distinct from NEWSGROUP by the invention of newsgroup names different
from the universally-recognized ones.
Well, enough negativity.
15
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
16/25
WHAT NEWSGROUP IS
NEWSGROUP is the set of people who exchange articles tagged with one or more
universally-recognized labels, called "NEWSGROUP" (or "groups" for short).
There is often confusion about the precise set of NEWSGROUP that constitute
NEWSGROUP; one commonly accepted definition is that it consists of
NEWSGROUP
listed in the periodic "List of Active NEWSGROUP" postings which appear
regularly in news.lists.misc and other NEWSGROUP. A broader definition of
NEWSGROUP would include the NEWSGROUP listed in the article "Alternative
Newsgroup Hierarchies" (frequently posted to news.lists.misc). An even
broader definition includes even NEWSGROUP that are restricted to specificgeographic regions or organizations. Each NEWSGROUP site makes its own
decisions about the set of groups available to its users; this set differs
From site to site.
(Note that the correct term is "NEWSGROUP"; they are not called areas,
bases, boards, bboards, conferences, round tables, SIGs, echoes, rooms or
16
http://groups.google.com/group/news.lists.mischttp://groups.google.com/group/news.lists.misc -
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
17/25
usergroups! Nor, as noted above, are they part of the Internet, though
they may reach your site over it. Furthermore, the people who run the
news systems are called news administrators, not sysops. If you want to
be understood, be accurate.)
DIVERSITY
If the above definition of NEWSGROUP sounds vague, that's because it is.
It is almost impossible to generalize over all NEWSGROUP sites in any
non-trivial way. NEWSGROUP encompasses government agencies, large
universities, high schools, businesses of all sizes, home computers ofall descriptions, etc, etc.
(In response to the above paragraphs, it has been written that there
is nothing vague about a network that carries megabytes of traffic per
day. I agree. But at the fringes of NEWSGROUP, traffic is not so heavy.
In the shadowy world of news-mail gateways and mailing lists, the line
between NEWSGROUP and not-NEWSGROUP becomes very hard to draw.)
CONTROL
Every administrator controls his own site. No one has any real
control over any site but his own.
The administrator gets her power from the owner of the system she
administers. As long as her job performance pleases the owner, she
can do whatever she pleases, up to and including cutting off NEWSGROUP
entirely. Them's the breaks.
Sites are not entirely without influence on their neighbors, however.
There is a vague notion of "upstream" and "downstream" related to the
direction of high-volume news flow. To the extent that "upstream"
17
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
18/25
sites decide what traffic they will carry for their "downstream"
neighbors, those "upstream" sites have some influence on their
neighbors' participation in NEWSGROUP. But such influence is usually
easy to circumvent; and heavy-handed manipulation typically results in
a backlash of resentment.
PERIODIC POSTINGS
To help hold NEWSGROUP together, various articles (including this one)
are periodically posted in NEWSGROUP in the "news" hierarchy. Thesearticles are provided as a public service by various volunteers.
They are few but valuable. Learn them well.
Among the periodic postings are lists of active NEWSGROUP, both "standard"
(for lack of a better term) and "alternative." These lists are maintained
by David Lawrence and periodically posted to the news.lists.misc newsgroup.
They reflect his personal view of NEWSGROUP, and as such are not "official" in
any sense of the word. However, if you're looking for a description ofsubjects discussed on NEWSGROUP, or if you're starting up a new NEWSGROUP
site,
David's lists are an eminently reasonable place to start.
PROPAGATION
In the old days, when UUCP over long-distance dialup lines was the
dominant means of article transmission, a few well-connected sites had
real influence in determining which NEWSGROUP would be carried where.
Those sites called themselves "the backbone."
But things have changed. Nowadays, even the smallest Internet site
18
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
19/25
has connectivity the likes of which the backbone admin of yesteryear
could only dream. In addition, in the U.S., the advent of cheaper
long-distance calls and high-speed modems has made long-distance
NEWSGROUP feeds thinkable for smaller companies.
There is only one pre-eminent site for UUCP transport of NEWSGROUP in the
U.S., namely UUNET. But UUNET isn't a player in the propagation wars,
because it never refuses any traffic. UUNET charges by the minute,
after all; and besides, to refuse based on content might jeopardize
its legal status as an enhanced service provider.
All of the above applies to the U.S. In Europe, different coststructures favored the creation of strictly controlled hierarchical
organizations with central registries. This is all very unlike the
traditional mode of U.S. sites (pick a name, get the software, get a
feed, you're on). Europe's "benign monopolies," long uncontested, now
face competition from looser organizations patterned after the U.S.
model.
19
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
20/25
NEWSGROUP CREATION
The document that describes the current procedure for creating a new
newsgroup is entitled "How To Create A New Newsgroup." Its common
name, however, is "the guidelines."
If you follow the guidelines, it is probable that your group will be
created and will be widely propagated.
HOWEVER: Because of the nature of NEWSGROUP, there is no way for any user
to enforce the results of a newsgroup vote (or any other decision, for
that matter). Therefore, for your new newsgroup to be propagatedwidely, you must not only follow the letter of the guidelines; you
must also follow its spirit. And you must not allow even a whiff of
shady dealings or dirty tricks to mar the vote. In other words, don't
tick off system administrators; they will get their revenge.
20
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
21/25
So, you may ask: How is a new user supposed to know anything about the
"spirit" of the guidelines? Obviously, he can't. This fact leads
inexorably to the following recommendation:
>> If you are a new user, don't try to create a new newsgroup.
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
22/25
1.
HOW TO SUBSCRIBE A NEWSGROUP
Firstly we require the newsgroup accessible software like windows outlook express
,Window mail, Netscape etc after we will follow the following procedures as for
windows mail.
1. Open Windows Mail by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, and
then clicking Windows Mail.
2.
Click the Tools menu, and then click Newsgroups.
3.
In the Account(s) box, click the news server that contains the newsgroup you'd like
to subscribe to.
22
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
23/25
4.
Click the newsgroup you want to subscribe to, and then click Subscribe.
To subscribe to more than one newsgroup, press CTRL while clicking the
newsgroups you want to subscribe to.
5.
A folder icon will appear next to any newsgroups you have subscribed to. Click
OK to save your changes.
Select the newsgroups you want to subscribe to
To remove a newsgroup subscription, repeat the steps above, but
click Unsubscribe after clicking the newsgroup you'd like to remove from your
subscription list.
To preview a newsgroup's contents without subscribing to it, click the newsgroup
you want to preview, and then click Go to.
You can search for newsgroups that might interest you by typing an appropriate
topic (such as "games") in the Display newsgroups which contain box.
WORDS TO LIVE BY #1:
NEWSGROUP AS SOCIETY
Those who have never tried electronic communication may not be aware
of what a "social skill" really is. One social skill that must be
learned, is that other people have points of view that are not only
different, but *threatening*, to your own. In turn, your opinions may
be threatening to others. There is nothing wrong with this. Your
23
-
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
24/25
beliefs need not be hidden behind a facade, as happens with
face-to-face conversation. Not everybody in the world is a bosom
buddy, but you can still have a meaningful conversation with them.
The person who cannot do this lacks in social skills.
NEWSGROUP newsgroup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromNEWSGROUP)
Jump to: navigation, search
This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve thisarticle by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be
challenged and removed. (March 2008)
A newsgroup is a repository usually within the NEWSGROUP system, for
messages posted from many users in different locations. The term may be
confusing to some, because it is usually a discussion group. NEWSGROUP are
technically distinct from, but functionally similar to, discussion forums on the
World Wide Web.Newsreadersoftware is used to read NEWSGROUP.
Future of newsgroup:-
NEWSGROUP are electronic discussion groups in which you can share
information and opinions with people all over the world. In NEWSGROUP
NEWSGROUP, you can reply to articles you have read and publish ("post") your
own articles for others to read.as we know that NEWSGROUP is a advance
technological way of communication and is still growing as a media to share and
communicate with each other. Peoples from all over the world are accepting this
technology and taking part in it with great excitement soon it will be a major wayto share the feeling from one community to each other.
24
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newsgroups&redirect=nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroups#column-onehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroups#searchInputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usenet_newsgroup&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usenet_newsgroup&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repositoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_forumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newsgroups&redirect=nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroups#column-onehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroups#searchInputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usenet_newsgroup&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usenet_newsgroup&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repositoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_forumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_client -
8/4/2019 REG NO 10812279
25/25
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
http://www.google.com
http://www.wikipedia.com
http://www.live.com
http://www.termpapergenie.com
http://www.termpaperx.com
http://www.windowshelpcentre.com
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.live.com/http://www.termpapergenie.com/http://www.termpaperx.com/http://www.windowshelpcentre.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.live.com/http://www.termpapergenie.com/http://www.termpaperx.com/http://www.windowshelpcentre.com/