refuge resources of concern hook... · this coastal dune community is very rare in de (s1) and also...
TRANSCRIPT
©K
evin
Fle
min
g
Hibiscus bee
Appendix D
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-1
Tab
le D
-1. S
umm
ary
of B
iolo
gica
l Int
egri
ty, D
iver
sity
, and
Env
iron
men
tal H
ealt
h (B
IDE
H)
Ele
men
ts f
orP
rim
e H
ook
Nat
iona
l Wil
dlif
e R
efug
eI.
BA
RR
IER
ISL
AN
D B
EA
CH
HA
BIT
AT
S –
439
AC
RE
S
4/3/
2012
Hab
itat
s an
d P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (A
ge C
lass
, Str
uctu
re, S
eria
l St
age,
Spe
cies
Com
posi
tion
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es r
espo
nsib
le f
or
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Ove
rwas
h G
rass
land
D
unes
: 50
A
A s
erie
s of
sm
all d
une
“fi n
gers
” de
velo
ped
at r
egul
ar in
terv
als,
or
ient
ed @
90° t
o th
e ba
y sh
orel
ine
and
prot
rudi
ng in
to t
he
salt
mar
sh. T
hese
ove
rwas
h an
d bl
ow-o
ut a
reas
are
bot
h re
cent
ly d
epos
ited
and
dev
oid
of v
eget
atio
n, o
r m
ay b
e ol
der
w/ w
ell-e
stab
lishe
d ve
geta
tion
. Cak
ile
eden
tula
, and
Spa
rtin
a pa
tens
are
dom
inan
ts, i
n ea
rly
succ
essi
onal
exp
ress
ions
of d
une
over
was
h. A
s ve
geta
tion
dev
elop
s, o
ther
ass
ocia
tes
foun
d on
the
re
fuge
incl
ude
Scho
enop
lect
us p
unge
ns, C
ench
rus
trib
uloi
des,
T
ripl
asis
pur
pure
a an
d sc
atte
red
Bac
char
is h
alim
ifol
ia
seed
lings
.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: Pip
ing
Plo
ver,
Red
Kno
t, A
mer
ican
O
yste
rcat
cher
, San
derl
ing,
Lea
st T
ern,
Bla
ck S
kim
mer
, A
mer
ican
Bla
ck D
uck,
Wil
let,
For
ster
’s T
ern,
Coa
stal
Pla
in
Swam
p Sp
arro
w, C
omm
on N
ight
Haw
k; H
orse
shoe
Cra
b,
Bea
ch-D
une
Tig
er B
eetl
e, N
orth
ern
Dia
mon
dbac
k T
erra
pin
For
ms
a dr
ier,
late
r su
cces
sion
al
phas
e be
ginn
ing
from
wat
er-
depo
site
d sa
nds
from
sto
rm
over
was
h. S
and
mov
emen
t, p
lant
bu
rial
, and
dun
e fo
rmat
ion
rate
s di
ffer
from
dun
e gr
assl
ands
do
min
ated
by
Am
eric
an B
each
gras
s (A
mm
ophi
lia
brev
ilig
ulat
a) t
o ot
her
area
s w
ith
salt
mea
dow
cor
dgra
ss
(Spa
rtin
a pa
tens
) and
sea
side
go
lden
rod
(Sol
idag
o se
mpe
rvir
ens)
. St
orm
ove
rwas
h an
d du
ne b
low
outs
fr
om s
urf s
urge
s an
d w
ind
eros
ion
are
the
prev
alen
t na
tura
l di
stur
banc
es o
f thi
s co
mm
unit
y.
Ove
rwas
h du
nes
of m
id-
Atl
anti
c ba
rrie
r is
land
ha
bita
ts a
re G
2-G
3 ra
nked
an
d D
E S
2/S3
. Thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
res
tric
ted
to
over
was
h du
nes
deve
lope
d on
coa
stal
bea
ch h
abit
ats
of D
E, M
D V
A &
NC
. R
estr
icte
d to
spe
cial
ized
ha
bita
t it
is t
hrea
tene
d by
a
num
ber
of h
uman
act
ivit
ies
espe
cial
ly a
rtifi
cial
dun
e st
abili
zati
on.
Bea
chgr
ass
and
Pan
ic-
gras
s D
une
Gra
ssla
nd
Ass
ocia
tion
: 35
A
Com
mun
ity
is a
mar
itim
e du
ne g
rass
land
dom
inat
ed b
y A
mm
ophi
la b
revi
ligu
lata
or
Pan
icum
am
arum
. Oth
er
asso
ciat
ed p
lant
spe
cies
incl
ude
Soli
dago
sem
perv
iren
s,
Tri
plas
is p
urpu
rea,
Cen
chru
s tr
ibul
oide
s, C
ham
aesy
ce
poly
goni
foli
a, C
akil
e ed
entu
la, N
utta
llant
hus
cana
dens
is a
nd,
Cyp
erus
gra
yi, w
here
ove
rwas
hed
by s
and.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: Bea
ch-D
une
Tig
er B
eetl
e.
Eol
ian
proc
esse
s ca
use
acti
ve
sand
dep
osit
ion
and
eros
ion.
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y ge
nera
lly o
ccur
s on
fo
redu
nes
that
rec
eive
the
forc
e of
w
ind
and
salt
spr
ay, b
ut is
bey
ond
the
infl u
ence
of
spri
ng t
ides
and
m
ost
stor
m s
urge
s. D
iago
nost
ic
plan
t sp
ecie
s ar
e A
. bre
vili
gula
ta, S
. se
mpe
rvir
ens
Pan
icum
am
arum
, an
d O
pun
tia
hum
ifus
a.
Com
mun
ity
is g
loba
lly
rank
ed a
s G
2, fo
und
on
mar
itim
e du
nes
from
Lon
g Is
land
, sou
th t
o N
C. O
ver
this
ran
ge le
ss t
han
3,00
0 ac
res
curr
entl
y ex
ist.
L
imit
ing
fact
ors
incl
ude
tram
plin
g by
peo
ple
and
AT
V t
raffi
c. T
his
asso
ciat
ion
is h
ighl
y fr
agile
and
doe
s no
t re
cove
r w
ell f
rom
the
se
type
s of
hum
an u
ses
and
impa
cts.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-2
Hab
itat
s an
d P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (A
ge C
lass
, Str
uctu
re, S
eria
l St
age,
Spe
cies
Com
posi
tion
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es r
espo
nsib
le f
or
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Atl
anti
c C
oast
In
terd
une
Swal
e: 6
7 A
Thi
s as
soci
atio
n oc
curs
on
mar
itim
e ba
rrie
r is
land
s’ p
rote
cted
ba
ckdu
nes,
bar
rier
fl at
s &
inte
rdun
al s
wal
es. S
ubst
rate
is s
and
to lo
amy
sand
w/ t
hin
laye
r of
org
anic
mat
ter.
Vege
tati
on is
ch
arac
teri
zed
by m
oder
atel
y op
en t
o de
nsel
y cl
osed
can
opy
of M
orel
la c
erif
era
and
shor
t st
ems
of P
runu
s se
roti
na.
Oth
er c
anop
y as
soci
ates
incl
ude
Bac
cari
s ha
lim
ifol
ia a
nd
Juni
peru
s vi
rgin
iana
and
Rhu
s co
palli
num
. Her
bace
ous
laye
r ch
arac
teri
zed
by S
part
ina
pate
ns, P
anic
um v
irga
tum
, A
ndro
pogo
n vi
rgin
icus
, A. v
irgi
nicu
s va
r. hi
rsut
ior
(S1)
, Ju
ncus
eff
uses
, Pol
ygon
um h
ydro
pipe
roid
es, &
Dis
tich
lis
spic
ata.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: Cat
ocal
a m
ulie
rcul
a &
oth
er
inve
rteb
rate
fau
na d
epen
dent
on
this
hab
itat
typ
e &
hea
vily
ut
iliz
ed b
y m
igra
tory
son
gbir
ds.
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
not
tid
ally
fl oo
ded
and
occu
rs b
eyon
d th
e re
ach
of m
ost
stor
m t
ides
, but
it is
impa
cted
by
salt
spr
ay, w
ind
eros
ion
and
sand
m
ovem
ents
. (N
ote:
) Ref
eren
ce s
ites
in
Del
awar
e =
Gre
at M
arsh
in L
ewes
&
Pri
me
Hoo
k N
WR
in M
ilton
.
Hab
itat
Los
s an
d F
ragm
enta
tion
; Mos
t oc
curr
ence
s ne
ar r
efug
e ha
ve b
een
dest
roye
d by
coa
stal
dev
elop
men
t of
Sla
ught
er, P
rim
e H
ook
& B
road
kill
Bea
ch
com
mun
itie
s., T
hese
soi
ls
are
sand
y an
d dr
y en
ough
th
at t
hey
are
not
clas
sifi e
d as
“ju
risd
icti
onal
wet
land
s.”
Rem
aini
ng o
ccur
renc
es
are
high
ly fr
agm
ente
d,
repr
esen
ted
by v
ery
smal
l an
d is
olat
ed p
atch
es.
Irre
gula
rly
Flo
oded
E
aste
rn T
idal
Sa
lt S
hrub
: ~ 6
0 A
cres
Dom
inat
ed b
y Iv
a fr
utes
cens
or
Bac
char
is h
alim
ifol
ia o
r bo
th
grow
ing
in a
ssoc
iati
on w
ith
salt
mar
shes
. Oth
er a
ssoc
iate
d sh
rubs
incl
ude
Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a. S
part
ina
pate
ns is
the
ch
arac
teri
stic
dom
inan
t gr
ass
wit
h ot
her
herb
aceo
us a
ssoc
iate
s:
Pan
icum
vir
gatu
m, D
isti
chli
s sp
icat
a, H
ibis
cus
mos
cheu
tos,
T
ercr
ium
can
aden
ses,
Cus
cuta
gro
novi
i, &
Sol
idag
o se
mpe
rvir
ens.
Con
serv
atio
n T
arge
t C
atoc
ala
mul
ierc
ula
(Sta
te R
ecor
d)
The
tid
al s
hrub
land
s ar
e ch
arac
teri
stic
of d
iurn
al t
o ir
regu
larl
y fl o
oded
mes
ohal
ine
(5-
18 p
pt) s
yste
ms.
Soi
ls a
re la
yers
of
accu
mul
ated
pea
t of
var
iabl
e de
pths
ov
erly
ing
sand
s. C
omm
unit
ies
occu
r in
est
uari
ne m
argi
ns a
nd fo
rm a
n ec
oton
e be
twee
n sa
lt m
arsh
& u
plan
d ve
geta
tion
.
Stor
m s
urge
s ca
n ca
use
shru
b di
e-ba
ck. H
eavy
sa
lt s
pray
& t
idal
fl oo
ding
of
ten
caus
es d
ie-b
ack
of
shru
b la
yer
bayw
ard.
Thi
s as
soci
atio
n gr
ades
into
hi
gh s
alt
mar
sh d
omin
ated
by
her
bace
ous
vege
tati
on.
Lan
dwar
d, s
hrub
cov
er
beco
mes
den
ser.
Inva
sive
sp
ecie
s en
croa
chm
ent
prob
lem
atic
. Inv
erte
brat
e co
mm
unit
ies
susc
epti
ble
to n
egat
ive
impa
cts
from
ad
ulti
cide
s (N
aled
).
D-3
Hab
itat
s an
d P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (A
ge C
lass
, Str
uctu
re, S
eria
l St
age,
Spe
cies
Com
posi
tion
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es r
espo
nsib
le f
or
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Mar
itim
eR
ed C
edar
W
oodl
and
76
A
Com
mun
ity
dom
inat
ed b
y re
d ce
dars
(Jun
iper
us v
irgi
nian
a)
of v
aria
ble
heig
hts
but
tree
s ar
e ge
nera
lly s
hort
er t
han
4 m
eter
s ta
ll. T
rees
sta
rt t
o co
loni
ze a
reas
beh
ind
sand
dun
es
and
uppe
r ed
ges
of s
alt
mar
shes
. R
ed c
edar
eit
her
form
s pu
re s
tand
s an
d/or
gro
ws
in a
ssoc
iati
on w
ith
Que
rcus
ste
llata
, P
runu
s se
roti
na, A
mel
anch
ier
cana
dens
is &
Ile
x op
aca.
Piu
ns
taed
a, Q
. phe
llos
& D
iosp
yros
vir
gini
ana
infr
eque
nt c
anop
y as
soci
ates
. In
Del
awar
e th
is N
VC
S co
mm
unit
y is
one
of t
he
best
rem
aini
ng e
xam
ples
of t
his
cove
r-ty
pe. T
his
com
mun
ity
supp
orts
the
sta
te r
are
plan
t go
lden
hea
ther
(Hud
soni
a er
icoi
des
– S1
) and
its
popu
lati
on s
ize
is s
igni
fi can
t as
the
onl
y ot
her
know
n oc
curr
ence
on
the
Del
mar
va P
enin
sula
was
Cap
e H
enlo
pen
Stat
e Pa
rk. A
clo
se r
elat
ive
to g
olde
n-he
athe
r al
so
occu
rs h
ere,
bea
ch h
eath
er (H
udso
nia
tom
ento
sa).
Vege
tati
on
com
mun
ity
supp
orts
uni
que
and
unco
mm
on in
vert
ebra
te fa
una
liste
d be
low
:
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: Wal
leng
reni
a ot
ho (
S1),
Sou
ther
n B
roke
n D
ash,
Dra
ster
ia g
raph
ica
(S1S
3) =
Goo
d in
dica
tor
spec
ies
of h
igh
qual
ity
Mar
itim
e R
ed C
edar
Woo
dlan
d H
abit
at; P
ompe
ius
vern
a, L
ittl
e gl
assy
win
g (t
ier
2) a
nd
Ana
tryt
one
loga
n, D
elaw
are
skip
per
(tie
r 2)
.
The
dom
inan
ce o
f red
ced
ar a
nd
its
mar
itim
e lo
cati
on d
efi n
es t
his
com
mun
ity.
Mar
itim
e R
ed C
edar
W
oodl
and
is in
fl uen
ced
by o
nsho
re
win
ds a
nd s
alt
spra
y, s
and
depo
siti
on,
and
tida
l ove
rwas
h fr
om s
ever
e st
orm
s. G
olde
n he
athe
r gr
ows
whe
re
soils
are
hot
, san
dy a
nd n
utri
ent
poor
. P
lant
spe
cies
div
ersi
ty is
low
in t
hese
ar
eas
due
to s
tres
sful
env
iron
men
tal
cond
itio
ns.
Thi
s C
oast
al D
une
com
mun
ity
is v
ery
rare
in
DE
(S1)
and
als
o G
loba
lly
Rar
e (G
2). A
rtifi
cial
dun
e st
abili
zati
on, c
omm
erci
al
& r
esid
enti
al d
evel
opm
ent
as it
s gr
eate
st t
hrea
ts.
The
inve
rteb
rate
faun
a as
soci
ated
wit
h th
is
com
mun
ity
is t
hrea
tene
d fr
om a
nnua
l adu
ltic
ides
ap
plic
atio
ns t
hat
occu
r in
an
d ar
ound
com
mun
ity
loca
tion
s.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-4
Hab
itat
s an
d P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (A
ge C
lass
, Str
uctu
re, S
eria
l St
age,
Spe
cies
Com
posi
tion
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es r
espo
nsib
le f
or
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Succ
essi
onal
M
arit
ime
For
est
(184
A)
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
foun
d on
the
leew
ard
side
of s
econ
dary
du
nes
wit
h su
bstr
ate
vary
ing
from
pur
e sa
nd d
irec
tly
adja
cent
to
Del
awar
e B
ay t
o w
ell-d
rain
ed lo
amy
sand
s in
mor
e sh
elte
red
area
s. C
omm
unit
y is
a s
tunt
ed fo
rest
of b
lack
cher
ry,
swee
tgum
, and
red
map
le w
ith
a sh
rub
laye
r do
min
ated
by
bayb
erry
shr
ubs
(Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a an
d pe
nsyl
vani
ca)
plu
s Sm
ilax
rot
undi
foli
a th
e ar
e do
min
ant
shru
b sp
ecie
s. O
ther
as
soci
ates
incl
ude
Dio
spyr
os v
irgi
nian
a an
d P
inus
taed
a in
var
ying
por
tion
s.W
here
tre
es fr
om a
n op
en c
anop
y th
e he
rbac
eous
laye
rs a
re d
iver
se a
nd c
hara
cter
ized
by
slen
der
spik
egra
ss (C
hasm
anth
ium
laxu
m),
sto
ut w
ood
reed
gras
s (C
inna
aru
ndin
acea
), s
wit
chgr
ass
(Pan
icum
vir
gatu
m),
pa
nic
beac
hgra
ss (
P. a
mar
um v
ar. a
mar
ulum
), li
ttle
blu
este
m
(Sch
izac
hyri
um s
copa
rium
[A
ndro
pogo
n sc
opar
ius]
, eas
tern
jo
intw
eed
(Pol
ygon
ella
art
icul
ate)
, rat
tles
nake
haw
kwee
d (H
iera
cium
ven
osum
), an
d se
asid
e go
lden
rod
(Sol
idag
o se
mpe
rvir
ens)
. W
here
tre
es fo
rm a
clo
sed
cano
py h
erba
ceou
s pl
ants
are
spa
rse
or la
ckin
g.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
and
iden
tifi e
d st
ate
spec
ies
of g
reat
co
nser
vati
on n
eed
(SG
CN
): C
atol
cala
mul
ierc
ula.
Thi
s is
a t
all d
ecid
uous
shr
ub-s
crub
fo
rest
. The
phy
siog
nom
y va
ries
dr
amat
ical
ly, r
angi
ng fr
om o
pen
woo
dlan
d to
stu
nted
fore
st t
o de
nse
impe
netr
able
thic
ket.
Ind
ivid
ual t
rees
ar
e w
ind-
prun
ed a
nd m
ulti
-ste
mm
ed,
and
are
subj
ecte
d to
win
d er
osio
n an
d sa
lt s
pray
to
vary
ing
degr
ees.
Thi
s as
soci
atio
n oc
cupi
es a
tra
nsit
iona
l zo
ne b
etw
een
mar
itim
e fo
rest
and
the
lo
w m
arit
ime
shru
blan
ds c
onne
cted
to
dun
e as
soci
atio
ns.
Lim
ited
ran
ge in
mid
-A
tlan
tic
from
VA
to
nort
h of
C
ape
May
, NJ.
In
Del
awar
e th
is c
omm
unit
y is
kno
wn
from
the
Mis
pilli
on R
iver
, so
uth
into
the
Inl
and
Bay
s R
egio
n. H
isto
ric
habi
tat
has
been
elim
inat
ed b
y hu
man
de
velo
pmen
t.
D-5
Tab
le D
-2. S
umm
ary
of B
iolo
gica
l Int
egri
ty, D
iver
sity
, and
Env
iron
men
tal H
ealt
h (B
IDE
H)
Ele
men
ts f
or
Pri
me
Hoo
k N
atio
nal W
ildl
ife
Ref
uge
II. F
OR
EST
ED
HA
BIT
AT
S –
UP
LA
ND
SIT
ES
~ 7
75 A
cres
4/3/
2012
Hab
itat
and
Pla
nt
Com
mun
itie
s th
at
Rep
rese
nt E
xist
ing
BID
EH
Pop
ulat
ion/
Hab
itat
Att
ribu
tes
(Str
uctu
re, S
peci
es C
ompo
siti
on)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
resp
onsi
ble
for
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Sout
hern
Red
Oak
: H
eath
For
est
289
AO
ak fo
rest
of u
ngla
ciat
ed N
E c
oast
al p
lain
. On
refu
ge o
ccur
s on
wel
l-dr
aine
d ac
idic
soi
ls, p
rim
arily
loam
y sa
nds,
san
dy lo
ams
and
silt
y/cl
ay
loam
s. C
anop
y do
min
ated
by
a m
ixtu
re o
f oak
s (Q
uerc
us a
lba,
Q. f
alca
ta
& Q
. vel
utin
a). C
hara
cter
isti
c un
ders
tory
spe
cies
of t
his
asso
ciat
ion
are
Gay
luss
acia
fron
dosa
& P
teri
dium
aqu
ilin
um. O
ther
tre
e as
soci
ates
in
clud
e Sa
ssaf
ras
albi
dum
, Q. c
occi
nea,
Q .s
tella
ta, L
iqui
dam
bar
styr
acifl
ua,
Nys
sa s
ylva
tica
, Car
ya s
pp &
Pin
us ta
eda,
w. A
cer
rubr
um,
Ilex
opa
ca &
Cor
nus
fl ori
da fo
rmin
g th
e su
bcan
opy.
The
shr
ub la
yer
is
wel
l-dev
elop
ed a
nd d
omin
ated
by
mem
bers
of h
eath
fam
ily (G
aylu
ssac
ia
[bac
cata
& p
alli
dum
], V
acci
num
spp
) an
d A
rali
a sp
inos
a. T
he
herb
aceo
us la
yer
is s
pars
e w
ith
som
e C
ypri
pedi
um a
caul
e, C
him
aphi
la
mac
ulat
e &
Gau
lthe
ria
proc
umbe
ns.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: D
FS,
bre
edin
g F
ores
t In
teri
or D
wel
ling
B
irds
, mig
rati
ng a
nd w
inte
ring
land
bird
s.
Pri
onus
lati
coll
is (
Cou
nty
Rec
ord
= L
ong-
Hor
ned
Bee
tles
or
Cer
amby
cids
not
ran
ked
in D
elaw
are
but
spec
ies
is c
onsi
dere
d an
in
dica
tor
spec
ies
of m
atur
e he
alth
y fo
rest
; 2 r
are
mot
hs, C
atoc
ala
lacr
ymos
a &
Pap
aipe
ma
aral
ia (
Hos
t pl
ant
= H
ercu
les
Clu
b).
Dis
trib
utio
n in
mid
-A
tlan
tic
Coa
stal
P
lain
is m
ainl
y 2nd
gr
owth
suc
cess
iona
l fo
rest
s fo
llow
ing
logg
ing
or a
gric
ultu
ral
crop
ping
. Per
iodi
c fi r
e is
an
impo
rtan
t na
tura
l dis
turb
ance
in
thi
s fo
rest
typ
e &
enc
oura
ges
oak
rege
nera
tion
. The
re
lati
ve c
over
of P
inus
ta
eda
is r
elat
ed t
o di
stur
banc
e hi
stor
y,
w/ h
ighe
r pi
ne c
over
su
gges
ting
mor
e re
cent
di
stur
banc
e fr
om
farm
ing
or lo
ggin
g.
Stat
us: G
4G5
DE
: SN
R. T
his
type
of
oak
fore
st is
unc
omm
on
in D
elaw
are’
s st
ate
land
scap
e &
mat
ure
exam
ples
are
rar
e. A
ll st
ands
are
vul
nera
ble
to fi
re s
uppr
essi
on &
lo
ggin
g di
stur
banc
es.
Stat
e R
efer
ence
Sit
es a
re
Milf
ord
Nec
k an
d P
rim
e H
ook
NW
R; P
rote
ct
inve
rteb
rate
faun
a fr
om
expo
sure
to
Nal
ed a
nd
Dim
ilin
appl
icat
ions
whe
n po
ssib
le a
s th
ese
chem
ical
s ha
ve a
dver
se im
pact
s on
in
vert
ebra
te c
omm
unit
ies.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-6
Hab
itat
and
Pla
nt
Com
mun
itie
s th
at
Rep
rese
nt E
xist
ing
BID
EH
Pop
ulat
ion/
Hab
itat
Att
ribu
tes
(Str
uctu
re, S
peci
es C
ompo
siti
on)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
resp
onsi
ble
for
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Mes
ic C
oast
al P
lain
O
ak F
ores
t (1
93 A
)T
his
com
mun
ity
is a
mes
ic o
ak fo
rest
of t
he c
entr
al A
tlan
tic
Coa
stal
. On
refu
ge, t
his
com
mun
ity
bord
ers
wet
land
hab
itat
s th
at h
ave
sand
y so
ils w
/ a
high
wat
er t
able
(wet
ter
than
pre
viou
s co
mm
unit
y).
Ref
uge
area
s ha
ve
mes
ic t
o po
orly
dra
ined
soi
ls &
the
pre
senc
e of
will
ow O
ak a
nd S
wam
p C
hest
nut
Oak
dis
ting
uish
thi
s co
mm
unit
y fr
om S
outh
ern
Red
Oak
/Hea
th
For
est
com
mun
ity.
Can
opy
dom
inan
ts in
clud
e Q
uerc
us fa
lcat
a, Q
. phe
llos,
Q
. alb
a &
Ace
r ru
brum
. Pin
us ta
eda,
Q. m
icha
uxii
, P. s
erot
ina,
Q. n
igra
, Q
.pal
ustr
is &
Liq
uida
mba
r st
yrac
ifl u
a. S
ubca
nopy
dom
inat
ed b
y Il
ex
opac
a, V
acci
nium
cor
ymbo
sum
& A
mel
anch
ier
cana
dens
is. G
aylu
ssac
ia
fron
dosa
, and
Leu
coth
oe r
acem
osa
form
s a
patc
hy s
hrub
laye
r dr
aped
w
/ Sm
ilax
rot
undi
foli
a. H
erb
laye
r is
spa
rse
w/ s
lend
er s
pike
gras
ss
(Cha
sman
thiu
m la
xum
), r
oyal
fern
(Osm
unda
reg
alis
), p
atri
dge
berr
y (M
itch
ella
rep
ens)
,Vir
gini
a cu
tgra
ss (L
eers
ia v
irgi
nica
), s
tout
woo
d w
eedg
rass
(Cin
na a
rund
inac
ea),
and
tea
berr
y (G
ault
heri
a pr
ocum
bens
).
Thi
s fo
rest
com
mun
ity
on t
he r
efug
e is
als
o kn
own
to s
uppo
rt
exce
ptio
nally
larg
e tr
ees
in “
Gum
Woo
ds,”
Fir
st a
nd S
econ
d H
ills
and
Oak
Isl
and
site
s th
at in
clud
e th
e fo
llow
ing
exam
ples
: sou
ther
n re
d oa
k (3
9 bd
h), w
illow
oak
(53
dbh)
, pin
oak
( 45
dbh
), w
ater
oak
(29
dbh)
, bla
ck
wal
nut
(24
dbh)
, and
pon
d pi
ne (3
0 db
h).
Poor
ly d
rain
ed s
and
gene
rally
mak
es u
p th
e so
il su
bstr
ates
for
this
com
mun
ity
and
a hi
gh w
ater
tab
le is
of
ten
pres
ent.
Thi
s as
soci
atio
n gr
ades
into
dr
ier
upla
nd o
ak fo
rest
s.
Stat
e R
efer
ence
Sit
es
in D
elaw
are
incl
ude
Milf
ord
Nec
k an
d P
rim
e H
ook
NW
R. U
niqu
e fe
atur
es o
n re
fuge
of
thes
e fo
rest
pat
ch-t
ypes
su
ppor
t ex
cept
iona
lly
larg
e tr
ees
foun
d in
the
C
ount
y/St
ate
aver
agin
g 35
dbh
inch
es (1
st &
2nd
H
ills)
w/ l
arge
st t
ree
53
inch
dbh
(Will
ow O
ak)
on O
ak I
slan
d.
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y ty
pica
lly
occu
rs in
a fr
agm
ente
d se
ttin
g, s
o it
is m
ore
pron
e to
exo
tic
spec
ies
encr
oach
men
t. O
n re
fuge
, inv
asiv
e sp
ecie
s th
at o
ut-c
ompe
te n
ativ
e sp
ecie
s in
clud
e Ja
pane
se
Stilt
gras
s, M
ulti
fl ora
Ros
e an
d M
-A-M
;H
igh
dens
ity
of d
eer
over
-br
owsi
ng u
nder
stor
y,
redu
cing
div
ersi
ty a
nd
ham
peri
ng n
atur
al o
ak
rege
nera
tion
.
D-7
Hab
itat
and
Pla
nt
Com
mun
itie
s th
at
Rep
rese
nt E
xist
ing
BID
EH
Pop
ulat
ion/
Hab
itat
Att
ribu
tes
(Str
uctu
re, S
peci
es C
ompo
siti
on)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
resp
onsi
ble
for
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Mid
-Atl
anti
c C
oast
al P
lain
L
oblo
lly
Pin
e F
ores
t 51
A
The
phy
siog
nom
y of
thi
s as
soci
atio
n va
ries
from
den
se t
all s
hrub
thi
cket
s do
min
ated
by
Wax
-myr
tle
to s
alt-
prun
ed lo
blol
ly t
rees
. Can
opy
is
dom
inat
ed b
y P
inus
taed
a, w
/ sca
tter
ed Q
. fal
cata
, Q. a
lba,
Car
ya a
lba
& P
. vir
gini
ana.
Shr
ub la
yer
is w
ell-d
evel
oped
whe
re c
anop
y is
mor
e op
en, d
omin
ated
by
Ilex
opa
ca, C
ornu
s fl o
rida
, Ara
lia
spin
osa
Sass
afra
al
bidu
m &
Mag
noli
a vi
rgin
iana
. Vin
es a
re a
lway
s pr
esen
t, d
omin
ated
by
Vit
is a
esti
vali
s. H
erba
ceou
s la
yer
dom
inan
ts in
clud
e C
hasm
anth
ium
la
xum
, Pan
icum
vir
gatu
m, E
upat
oriu
m h
ysso
pifo
lium
, Cyp
ripe
dium
ac
aule
, Mit
chel
la r
epen
s, a
nd P
arth
enoc
issu
s qu
inqu
efol
ia.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: DF
S, b
reed
ing
and
mig
rati
ng la
ndbi
rd
spec
ies
and
Pho
turi
s fr
onta
lis,
Zal
e m
etat
oide
s, a
nd Z
. met
ata;
us
e ra
re in
vert
ebra
te f
auna
as
poss
ible
indi
cato
rs o
f en
viro
nmen
tal
heal
th.
Mar
itim
e co
mm
unit
y oc
curs
on
sand
dun
es,
uppe
r ed
ges
of c
oast
al
mar
sh a
reas
. The
su
bstr
ate
is r
apid
ly
moi
st s
ands
or
sand
y lo
ams
whi
ch a
re
nutr
ient
poo
r.
Thi
s co
asta
l com
mun
ity
is
limit
ed t
o th
e m
id-A
tlan
tic
stat
es o
f DE
, MD
, VA
&
NC
. The
se fo
rest
s ar
e re
stri
cted
to
a na
rrow
ge
ogra
phic
ran
ge a
nd
are
very
vul
nera
ble
to
deve
lopm
ent
pres
sure
, de
grad
atio
n fr
om
inte
nsiv
e ag
pra
ctic
es, a
nd
recr
eati
onal
use
dem
ands
. R
anke
d G
3 m
ostl
y be
caus
e of
bay
berr
y sh
rub
com
pone
nt (M
orel
la s
pp),
th
is c
omm
unit
y is
und
er
repr
esen
ted
acro
ss s
tate
an
d re
gion
al la
ndsc
apes
.
Nor
ther
n C
oast
al
Pla
in B
asic
Mes
ic
Har
dwoo
d F
ores
t
35 A
Tulip
tree
ric
h w
oods
are
ass
ocia
ted
wit
h lo
amy
soils
dom
inat
ed b
y L
irio
dend
ron
tuli
pife
ra, p
lus
Car
ya g
labr
a. L
iqui
dam
bar
styr
acifl
ua,
C
irca
ea lu
teti
ana
& C
ornu
s fl o
rida
are
co-
dom
inan
ts in
the
sub
cano
py.
Shru
b la
yer
dom
inat
ed b
y V
ibur
num
pru
nifo
lium
, Lin
dera
ben
zoin
. H
erb
laye
r is
div
erse
and
incl
udes
a n
umbe
r of
spe
cies
res
tric
ted
to t
his
fore
st t
ype
on t
he C
oast
al P
lain
. Ind
icat
or s
peci
es in
clud
e B
otry
chiu
m
bite
rnat
um a
nd B
. dis
sect
um. U
niqu
e he
rbac
eous
vin
e (C
anad
a M
oons
eed)
Men
ispe
rmum
can
aden
se is
foun
d he
re p
lus
rare
clim
bing
vi
ne P
assi
fl ora
lute
a (S
3-ye
llow
pas
sion
fl ow
er) H
erba
ceou
s sp
ecie
s in
clud
e A
sple
num
pla
tyne
uron
, Cir
caea
lute
tian
a, S
enec
io to
men
tosu
s an
d th
e ra
re (S
3- g
reen
frin
ge o
rchi
s) P
lata
nthe
ra la
cera
.
Dev
elop
men
t of
thi
s co
mm
unit
y ty
pe is
as
soci
ated
wit
h ri
ch
loam
y so
ils, h
igh
in
nutr
ient
s w
ith
a m
id-
rang
e pH
. Nat
ural
di
stur
banc
e of
per
iodi
c fi r
e en
cour
ages
oak
re
gene
rati
on &
enr
iche
s he
rbac
eous
div
ersi
ty.
Com
mun
ity
is t
ypifi
ed
by a
pre
vale
nce
of
tulip
tree
in t
he c
anop
y.
Com
mun
ity
is lo
cally
ra
re in
Sus
sex
Cou
nty.
Fra
gmen
tati
on d
ue t
o hi
stor
ic lo
ggin
g an
d ag
ricu
ltur
al p
ract
ices
. E
ncro
achm
ent
by
inva
sive
s su
ch a
s Ja
pane
se
stilt
gras
s, m
ulti
fl ora
ro
se &
hon
eysu
ckle
can
de
grad
e th
e gr
ound
sto
ry
and
shru
b la
yers
of t
his
com
mun
ity.
Pro
tect
inve
rts
from
Mos
quit
o dr
ift
of
Adu
ltic
ides
& D
imili
n ap
plic
atio
ns. P
rote
ct
from
ove
r ab
unda
nt d
eer
popu
lati
ons
and
exce
ssiv
e br
owsi
ng.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-8
Hab
itat
and
Pla
nt
Com
mun
itie
s th
at
Rep
rese
nt E
xist
ing
BID
EH
Pop
ulat
ion/
Hab
itat
Att
ribu
tes
(Str
uctu
re, S
peci
es C
ompo
siti
on)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
resp
onsi
ble
for
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Mid
-Atl
anti
c M
esic
C
oast
al P
lain
M
ixed
Har
dwoo
d F
ores
t 1
9 A
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
dis
ting
uish
ed b
y a
mix
ture
of d
ecid
ous
hard
woo
d es
peci
ally
of t
ulip
tree
, Am
eric
an b
eech
, and
oak
s. I
t is
a m
ixed
mes
ophy
tic
fore
st d
omin
ated
by
Que
rcus
alb
a, Q
. rub
ra, &
Lir
iode
ndro
n tu
lipi
fera
w
ith
Fag
us g
rand
ifol
ia C
arya
spp
as
asso
ciat
es; U
nder
stor
y do
min
ated
by
hig
hbus
h bl
uebe
rry
(Vac
cini
um c
orym
bosu
m),
low
bush
blu
eber
ry
(V. p
alli
dum
), a
nd A
mer
ican
hol
ly (I
lex
opac
a). H
erb
laye
r in
clud
es
pink
lady
’s-s
lippe
r (C
ypri
pedi
um a
caul
e), p
artr
idge
-ber
ry (
Mit
chel
la
repe
ns),
cra
nefl y
orc
hid
(Tip
ular
ia d
isco
lor)
, dow
ny r
attl
esna
ke-p
lant
ain
(Goo
dyer
a pu
besc
ens)
, Sw
an’s
sed
ge (
Car
ex s
wan
ii),
and
com
mon
So
lom
on’s
-sea
l (P
olyg
onat
um b
ifl o
rum
).
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y of
ten
deve
lops
whe
re s
oils
ar
e m
oist
. For
est
com
mun
ity
type
usu
ally
fo
und
on s
oils
tha
t m
oder
atel
y dr
aine
d, a
nd
char
acte
rize
d by
aci
dic,
sa
ndy
and
silt
loam
s de
rive
d fr
om p
aren
t m
ater
ial o
f low
to
mod
erat
e fe
rtili
ty.
Mai
nten
ance
of c
lose
d-ca
nopy
con
diti
ons
best
to
sust
ain
fore
st s
truc
ture
and
co
mpo
siti
on.
Fra
gmen
tati
on d
ue t
o lo
ggin
g &
agr
icul
tura
l pr
acti
ces.
On
refu
ge
frag
men
ted
land
scap
e se
ttin
g is
pro
ne t
o in
vasi
on
by e
xoti
c sp
ecie
s, e
sp.
mul
tifl o
ra r
ose,
mile
-a-
min
ute
wee
d, a
nd J
apan
ese
stilt
gras
s. H
abit
at t
ype
is
also
rap
idly
dis
appe
arin
g at
Cou
nty
& S
tate
Lev
el
due
to d
evel
opm
ent.
M
anag
e de
er p
opul
atio
ns
to p
reve
nt e
xces
sive
ov
erbr
owsi
ng.
Succ
essi
onal
Sw
eetg
um F
ores
t 15
4 A
; M
id-
Atl
anti
c to
Lat
e Su
cces
sion
al
Lob
loll
y P
ine-
Swee
tgum
For
est
24A
; R
ed
Map
le:S
wee
tgum
F
ores
t 3A
The
se c
omm
unit
ies
resu
lt fr
om s
ucce
ssio
n fo
llow
ing
hum
an a
ctiv
itie
s of
tim
ber
harv
esti
ng a
nd c
lear
ing
for
agri
cult
ure.
Sta
nds
are
eith
er
dom
inat
ed b
y L
iqui
dam
bar
styr
acifl
ora
, som
etim
es t
o th
e ex
clus
ion
of
othe
r sp
ecie
s or
sta
nds
are
codo
min
ated
by
Pin
us ta
eda,
P.v
irgi
nian
a &
A
cer
rubr
um. U
nder
stor
y co
mpo
siti
on d
iffer
bas
ed o
n ed
aphi
c si
te fa
ctor
s (r
angi
ng fr
om m
esic
to
dry
on a
wid
e va
riet
y of
gen
eral
ly a
cidi
c so
ils).
A
port
ion
of s
ucce
ssio
nal s
wee
tgum
fore
st (S
E o
f Hdq
rts)
con
tain
s an
ope
n,
earl
y su
cces
sion
al g
rass
land
-like
hab
itat
wit
hin
the
swee
tgum
fore
st. T
he
stat
e ra
re p
lant
lanc
e-le
af o
rang
e m
ilkw
eed
(S-1
)-A
scle
pis
lanc
eola
ta;
Thi
s po
pula
tion
con
tain
s ov
er 1
00 in
divi
dual
s an
d is
the
larg
est
know
n po
pula
tion
of t
his
spec
ies
on t
he D
elm
arva
Pen
insu
la.
The
se a
ssoc
iati
ons
are
foun
d on
upl
ands
th
at h
ave
been
he
avily
impa
cted
by
agri
cult
ure
or o
ther
se
vere
dis
turb
ance
s an
d ar
e re
cove
ring
. A
s th
e st
ands
of L
. st
yrac
ifl u
a m
atur
e, t
hey
begi
n to
ass
ume
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of m
ore
natu
ral c
omm
unit
y ty
pes.
Ove
r ti
me,
sw
eetg
um d
eclin
es a
nd
is r
epla
ced
by o
aks,
hi
ckor
ies,
and
/or
pine
s.
Exo
tic
encr
oach
men
t of
L
espe
deza
, Mul
tifl o
ra r
ose
and
Japa
nese
Sti
ltgr
ass;
H
abit
at c
onta
inin
g ra
re
milk
wee
d al
so c
onta
ins
wel
l-est
ablis
hed
reed
ca
nary
gra
ss (P
hala
ris
arun
dina
cea)
.
D-9
Hab
itat
and
Pla
nt
Com
mun
itie
s th
at
Rep
rese
nt E
xist
ing
BID
EH
Pop
ulat
ion/
Hab
itat
Att
ribu
tes
(Str
uctu
re, S
peci
es C
ompo
siti
on)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
resp
onsi
ble
for
thes
e co
ndit
ions
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Pon
d P
ine
Woo
dlan
d (7
.5A
) P
ondP
ine
Swee
tbay
Hig
hbus
h B
lueb
erry
/ P
rick
ly B
og S
edge
A
ssoc
iati
on
A d
iagn
osti
c fe
atur
e of
thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
pon
d pi
ne a
s th
e m
ain
cano
py
spec
ies
wit
h an
und
erst
ory
of r
ed m
aple
s. T
his
asso
ciat
ion
is lo
cate
d ar
ound
Fla
xhol
e Po
nd in
Uni
t II
I. A
ltho
ugh
Pin
us s
erot
ina
can
be fo
und
in a
few
oth
er lo
cati
ons
in D
elaw
are,
the
ref
uge
loca
tion
is t
he o
nly
site
w
here
the
re is
a w
ell-d
evel
oped
com
mun
ity
in t
he s
tate
. Thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
ope
n an
d do
min
ated
by
Pin
us s
erot
ina.
The
und
erst
ory
has
red
map
le
(Ace
r ru
brum
),sw
eetg
um (
L.s
tyra
cifl u
a), a
nd s
wee
tbay
mag
nolia
(M
agno
lia
virg
inia
na).
The
shr
ub la
yer
is d
ense
and
dom
inat
ed b
y hi
ghbu
sh b
lueb
erry
(Vac
cini
um c
orym
bosu
m),
red
cho
kebe
rry
(Pho
tini
a py
rifo
lia)
. O
ther
shr
ub la
yer
asso
ciat
es in
clud
e L
euco
thoe
rac
emos
a,
Itea
vir
gini
ca, C
leth
ra a
lnif
olia
. The
unc
omm
on W
alte
r’s
gree
nbri
er
(S3)
(Sm
ilax
wal
teri
) oc
cupi
es t
he v
ine
laye
r. C
omm
on h
erbs
incl
ude
Car
ex a
tlan
tica
, C. l
urid
a, W
oodw
ardi
a vi
rgin
ica,
Osm
unda
reg
alis
, and
Sa
gitt
aria
lati
foli
a.
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
lo
cate
d in
sat
urat
ed
soils
, oft
en w
ith
stan
ding
wat
er. F
ire
may
hav
e be
en a
n im
port
ant
ecol
ogic
al
forc
e in
sha
ping
thi
s co
mm
unit
y w
hich
oc
curs
in s
easo
nally
fl o
oded
sha
llow
bas
ins.
Su
bstr
ates
are
aci
dic,
gl
eyed
to
mot
tled
san
dy
or c
lay
loam
s th
at
deve
lop
in s
tand
ing
wat
er fo
r pa
rt o
f the
ye
ar.
Fir
e su
ppre
ssio
n, in
vasi
ve
plan
t spe
cies
enc
roac
hmen
t an
d ag
ricu
ltur
al r
unof
f ca
usin
g eu
trop
hica
tion
.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-10
Tab
le D
-3. S
umm
ary
of B
iolo
gica
l Int
egri
ty, D
iver
sity
, and
Env
iron
men
tal H
ealt
h (B
IDE
H)
Ele
men
ts f
orP
rim
e H
ook
Nat
iona
l Wil
dlif
e R
efug
eII
I. F
OR
EST
ED
WE
TL
AN
D H
AB
ITA
TS
- 1,2
37 A
CR
ES
4/
3/20
12
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
R
epre
sent
exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
ns.
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Red
Map
le
Seas
ide
Ald
er S
wam
p 79
9 A
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
a lo
w-g
row
ing,
par
tial
ly o
pen
to o
pen
satu
rate
d w
oodl
and
basi
n sw
amp
bord
erin
g a
7-m
ile
fres
hwat
er n
on-t
idal
cre
ek (P
rim
e H
ook
Cre
ek).
It is
m
ostl
y do
min
ated
by
Ace
r ru
brum
. The
und
erst
ory
alon
g cr
eeks
ide
edge
s is
dom
inat
ed b
y A
lnus
mar
itim
a, D
ecod
on v
erti
cilla
tus,
Cle
thra
aln
ifol
ia, M
orel
la c
erif
era,
C
epha
lant
hus
occi
dent
alis
, and
Leu
coth
oe r
acem
osa
occu
r as
ass
ocia
tes
in t
he s
hrub
laye
r. H
erba
ceou
s la
yer
incl
udes
W
late
r’s
St J
ohn’
s w
ort
(Tri
aden
um w
alte
ri),
car
dina
l fl o
wer
(Lob
elia
car
dina
lis)
wea
k st
ella
te s
edge
(Car
ex
seor
sa)
thre
e-w
ay s
edge
(Dul
ichi
um a
rund
inac
eum
) ro
yal f
ern
(Osm
unda
reg
alis
), a
nd m
ild w
ater
-pep
per
(Pol
ygon
um h
ydro
pipe
roid
es)
plus
rar
e pl
ants
list
ed
belo
w.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
ces
= B
irds
: Ken
tuck
y W
arbl
er,
Pro
thon
otar
y W
arbl
er, Y
ello
w-t
hroa
ted
Vir
eo,
Chi
mne
y Sw
ift,
Aca
dian
Fly
catc
her,
Cer
ulea
n W
arbl
er
(SE
N),
Sw
ains
on’s
War
bler
(SE
N),
mig
rati
ng a
nd
win
teri
ng la
ndbi
rds.
Pot
enti
al I
ndic
ator
Spe
cies
: Car
pent
er F
rog
(S1)
, C
ope’
s G
ray
Tre
e fr
og (
S1),
Rib
bon
Snak
e (S
1),
Rou
gh G
reen
Sna
ke (
S2),
Sph
inx
Mot
h (S
1S3)
, Gre
at
Pur
ple
Hai
rstr
eak
(S1)
, Del
awar
e Sk
ippe
r &
Cat
ocal
a pr
aecl
ara.
Rar
e P
lant
s: g
reen
fri
nge
orch
is (
Pla
tant
hera
la
cera
-S3)
, sea
side
ald
er A
lnus
mar
itim
a (S
3), a
nd
gibb
ous
gras
s Sa
ccio
lepi
s st
riat
a (S
2).
Mos
t of
the
sub
stra
te is
sa
tura
ted
peat
and
muc
k ch
arac
teri
zed
by h
umm
ock-
and-
hollo
w m
icro
topo
grap
hy.
Pri
me
Hoo
k C
reek
was
hi
stor
ical
ly t
idal
ly in
fl uen
ced
up u
ntil
1983
whe
n P
HC
be
cam
e en
clos
ed w
/in a
2,5
00
fres
hwat
er im
poun
dmen
t.
Mai
nten
ance
and
sur
viva
l of
thi
s co
mm
unit
y m
ay
be d
epen
dent
on
arti
fi cia
l hy
drol
ogic
al c
ondi
tion
s cr
eate
d w
ithi
n a
clos
ed n
on-
tida
l fre
shw
ater
impo
unde
d ec
osys
tem
.
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y m
ay b
e su
cces
sion
al d
ue t
o w
ater
leve
l m
anag
emen
t an
d im
poun
dmen
t in
fras
truc
ture
. Occ
asio
nal
stor
m s
urge
s m
ay a
lso
infl u
ence
co
mm
unit
y co
mpo
siti
on.
Phr
agm
ites
enc
roac
hmen
t al
so
a pr
oble
m.
D-11
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
R
epre
sent
exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
ns.
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Coa
stal
Pla
in D
epre
ssio
n Sw
amp
(New
Nam
e =
Red
Map
le/ S
wee
tgum
Sw
amp)
335
A
Sign
atur
e tr
ees
of t
his
com
mun
ity
incl
ude
Ace
r ru
brum
, L
iqui
dam
bar
styr
acifl
ua,
Que
rcos
phe
llos,
Nys
sa
sylv
atic
a &
Pru
nus
sero
tina
. Oth
er a
ssoc
iate
s in
clud
e N
yssa
bifl
ora
, Mag
noli
a vi
rgin
iana
, Ile
x op
aca
&
Pin
us ta
eda.
Shr
ub la
yer
is c
hara
cter
ized
by
Leu
coth
oe
race
mos
a, V
acci
nium
cor
ymbo
sum
, Cle
thra
aln
ifol
ia,
Ilex
ver
tici
llata
& R
hode
ndro
n vi
scos
um. C
omm
on
herb
s in
clud
e ro
yal f
ern
(Osm
unda
reg
alis
), N
ew Y
ork
fern
(The
lypt
eris
nov
ebor
acen
sis)
, and
net
ted
chai
n fe
rn (W
oodw
ardi
a ar
eola
ta).
Sta
te r
are
plan
ts in
clud
e ca
ttai
l sed
ge [C
arex
typh
ina
(S3)
], a
nd b
lue-
fl ag
iris
[Iri
s pr
ism
atic
a (S
3)].
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
incl
ude
bree
ding
pop
ulat
ions
of
Ken
tuck
y w
arbl
er, P
roth
onot
ary
war
bler
, yel
low
-th
roat
ed w
arbl
er, A
cadi
an fl
ycat
cher
; and
mig
rati
ng
and
win
teri
ng la
ndbi
rds.
Rar
e in
vert
ebra
tes,
rep
tile
s an
d am
phib
ians
sam
e as
fo
und
in r
ed m
aple
/sea
side
ald
er s
wam
p as
soci
atio
n.
Thi
s as
soci
atio
n is
a
seas
onal
ly fl
oode
d fo
rest
of
sha
llow
bas
ins
or
depr
essi
ons
of t
he C
oast
al
Pla
in o
f the
Del
awar
e B
ay. P
erio
dic
fl ood
ing
of d
epre
ssio
ns r
esul
t in
su
bstr
ates
tha
t ar
e ac
idic
, gl
eyed
to
mot
tled
, san
dy o
r cl
ay lo
ams
wit
h a
very
hig
h w
ater
tab
le. N
ote:
Coa
stal
P
lain
Pon
ds, (
also
kno
wn
as
Car
olin
a or
Del
mar
va B
ays)
ar
e un
ique
, iso
late
d no
n-ti
dal
fres
hwat
er w
etla
nds
w/in
a
fore
sted
are
a. T
hree
wer
e in
vent
orie
d on
the
ref
uge
(But
tonb
ush
& S
wam
p C
otto
nwoo
d C
oast
al P
lain
Po
nds
and
a 3rd
com
mun
ity
yet
to b
e na
med
, clu
mpe
d in
Coa
stal
Pla
in D
epre
ssio
n Sw
amp
asso
ciat
ion.
Inva
sive
Exo
tics
like
M
-A-M
& P
hrag
mit
es;
Alt
erat
ion
and
dryi
ng b
y dr
aina
ge d
itch
ing
for
farm
ing
and
mos
quit
o co
ntro
l act
ivit
ies;
N
egat
ive
impa
cts
of d
rift
of
Dim
ilin
or A
dult
icid
es a
re
leth
al t
o ra
re a
nd c
omm
on
inve
rteb
rate
spe
cies
.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-12
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
R
epre
sent
exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
ns.
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Coa
stal
Lob
loll
y P
ine
Wet
land
For
est
91A
Ref
uge
asso
ciat
ion
is L
oblo
lly P
ine/
Wax
Myr
tle/
Roy
al
Fer
n F
ores
t w
ith
a cl
osed
to
part
ially
ope
n ca
nopy
do
min
ated
by
Pin
us ta
eda
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
Ace
r ru
brum
and
/or
Liq
uida
mba
r st
yrac
ifl u
a. U
nder
stor
y sp
ecie
s in
clud
e N
yssa
syl
vati
ca, I
lex
opac
a, M
agno
lia
virg
inic
a, M
orel
la c
erif
era
& S
mil
ax w
alte
ri (
S3).
Soi
ls
are
char
acte
rize
d by
mod
erat
ely
shal
low
muc
k (1
5 cm
) ov
erly
ing
orga
nic
mat
ter-
stai
ned
sand
s. H
erbs
are
spa
rse
wit
h W
oodw
ardi
a ar
eola
ta &
W. v
irgi
nica
and
the
rar
e (S
3) L
iste
ra a
ustr
alis
(sou
ther
n tw
aybl
ade)
as
mai
n pl
ant
spec
ies
on fo
rest
fl oo
r.
All
fore
sted
wet
land
com
mun
itie
s lis
ted
are
extr
emel
y im
port
ant
to b
oth
shor
t-di
stan
ce a
nd lo
ng-d
ista
nce
mig
rato
ry a
nd w
inte
ring
land
bird
spe
cies
.
Mar
itim
e co
asta
l wet
land
fo
rest
are
as o
ccur
in b
ack
dune
dep
ress
ions
wit
h hi
gh
wat
er t
able
s an
d al
ong
frin
ges
of e
stua
ries
from
D
elaw
are
to N
C. F
ire
may
on
ce h
ave
been
an
impo
rtan
t ec
olog
ical
forc
e in
thi
s co
mm
unit
y.
Dev
elop
men
t pr
essu
res
and
encr
oach
men
t of
exo
tic
inva
sive
sp
ecie
s.
Atl
anti
c W
hite
-Ced
ar
Seas
ide
Ald
er S
wam
p 10
A
The
tre
e ca
nopy
is c
hara
cter
ized
by
low
-sta
ture
(<30
m
) Cha
mae
cypa
ris
thyo
ides
in a
ssoc
iati
on w
ith
Aln
us
mar
itim
a as
an
unde
rsto
ry s
peci
es o
n co
mm
unit
y ed
ges
adja
cent
to
open
wat
er, a
s w
ell a
s in
can
opy
gaps
. Oth
er w
oody
ass
ocia
tes
incl
ude
Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a,
Ilex
gla
bra,
Cle
thra
aln
ifol
ia, &
Aln
us s
erru
lata
. T
he h
erba
ceou
s la
yer
is v
ery
dive
rse,
com
pris
ed o
f D
ecod
on v
erti
cilla
tus,
Pel
tand
ra v
irgi
nica
, Nym
phae
a od
orat
a, G
lyce
ra o
btus
e, C
arex
atl
anti
ca a
nd s
ever
al
rare
pla
nts:
S1
Eri
ocau
lon
deca
ngul
are,
S2
Dro
sera
ro
tund
ifol
ia, S
2 Ju
ncus
mil
itar
is. D
evel
oped
fl oa
ting
m
ats
w/in
thi
s sw
amp
asso
ciat
ion
have
uni
que
and
rare
sp
ecie
s as
sem
blag
e in
clud
ing
Xyr
is d
iffo
rmis
, Jun
cus
cana
dens
is, F
imbr
isty
lis
autu
mna
lis,
Fui
rena
pum
ila
S3, F
. squ
arro
sa S
2, J
uncu
s pe
loca
rpus
S2,
Rhy
ncho
spor
a al
ba S
2, R
. sci
rpoi
des
S2, E
rioc
aulo
n co
mpr
essu
m S
2,
Pog
onia
oph
iogl
osso
ides
S2,
and
the
ext
rem
ely
rare
coa
st
sedg
e, S
1-C
arex
exi
lis.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: Car
pent
er F
rog,
Cop
e’s
Gra
y T
reef
rog,
Rib
bon
Snak
e, R
ough
Gre
en S
nake
Thi
s op
en-c
anop
y A
tlan
tic
whi
te-c
edar
sw
amp
occu
rs
alon
g st
ream
s of
the
D
elm
arva
Pen
insu
la. I
t is
foun
d al
ong
PH
C a
rea
w/in
Uni
t II
I 2,
500
acre
im
poun
ded
fres
hwat
er
mar
sh. T
hese
com
mun
itie
s w
ere
once
ced
ar-s
wam
p st
ream
s no
w fi
lling
in w
ith
peat
sub
stra
te, h
erbs
and
Se
asid
e A
lder
, may
be
of a
rtifi
cial
ori
gin
due
to
impo
undi
ng t
he a
rea
sinc
e 19
83.
Hab
itat
Los
s &
Fra
gmen
tati
on;
Enc
roac
hmen
t of
Inv
asiv
e Sp
ecie
s; T
his
com
mun
ity
is
know
n to
req
uire
fi re
in o
rder
to
rege
nera
te; P
erio
dic
Rx
burn
s m
ay h
elp
mak
e co
mm
unit
y m
ore
robu
st, b
ut a
dequ
ate
prec
auti
ons
mus
t be
tak
en
to p
rote
ct e
xtan
t ra
re fa
unal
sp
ecie
s.
D-13
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
R
epre
sent
exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
ns.
Lim
itin
g F
acto
rs
Swam
p C
ottn
woo
d C
oast
al P
lain
Pon
d (
2 A
)T
his
com
mun
ity
is a
sm
all i
sola
ted
non-
tida
l fre
shw
ater
w
etla
nd d
evel
opin
g in
a d
epre
ssio
n do
min
ated
by
Pop
ulus
he
tero
phyl
la &
Dec
odon
ver
tici
llatu
s. I
t is
cod
omin
ated
by
Acr
e ru
brum
, Que
rcus
pal
ustr
is,
and
Liq
uida
mba
r st
yrac
ifl u
a. F
ew s
peci
es in
the
und
erst
ory,
mos
tly
A,
rubr
um &
Fra
xinu
s pe
nnsy
lvan
cia
seed
lings
and
C
leth
ra a
lnif
olia
. Her
bace
ous
laye
r is
dom
inat
ed b
y M
icro
steg
ium
vim
ineu
m &
Pol
ygon
um h
ydro
pipe
roid
es.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: Cat
ocal
a m
aror
ata
(S1,
G
3); B
oth
stat
e &
glo
ball
y ra
re; h
ost
plan
t =
Sw
amp
Cot
tonw
ood,
hig
hlig
htin
g ex
trem
ely
impo
rtan
t in
tera
ctio
n be
twee
n th
is p
lant
& M
arbl
ed U
nder
win
g M
oth.
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y oc
cupi
es
shal
low
dep
ress
ions
tha
t fi l
l w
ith
wat
er in
the
late
fall
and
win
ter
and
then
dry
in
the
sum
mer
.
Japa
nese
sti
lt g
rass
inva
sive
an
d ag
ricu
ltur
al r
unof
f (p
esti
cide
s, n
itra
tes
&
phos
phat
es) h
ave
cont
ribu
ted
to d
egra
ding
thi
s co
mm
unit
y;
Exc
essi
ve B
eave
r da
mag
e to
C
otto
nwoo
d tr
ees.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-14
Tab
le D
-4. S
umm
ary
of B
iolo
gica
l Int
egri
ty, D
iver
sity
, and
Env
iron
men
tal H
ealt
h E
lem
ents
for
Pri
me
Hoo
k N
atio
nal W
ildl
ife
Ref
uge
IV. W
ET
LA
ND
HA
BIT
AT
S –
6,45
6 A
cres
4/3/
2012
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
nsL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
Em
erge
nt W
etla
nds/
Moi
st-
soil
Im
poun
dmen
ts (
2946
A)/
W
ater
(15
54 A
)
Wild
Ric
e F
resh
wat
er M
arsh
Ziz
ania
aqu
atic
a, c
o-do
min
ant
w/ a
rrow
-aru
m (P
elta
ndra
vir
gini
ca),
hal
bear
d-le
af t
eart
hum
b (P
olyg
onum
ari
fl ofi u
m)
mild
wat
er p
eppe
r (P
. hyd
ropi
pero
ides
), a
nd s
easo
nal a
nnua
l moi
st s
oil p
lant
s lik
e ba
rnya
rd g
rass
(Ech
inoc
hloa
wal
teri
,) b
egga
rtic
ks
(Bid
ens
laev
is),
spi
ke r
ushe
s (E
leoc
hari
s sp
p), f
all p
anic
um
gras
s (P
anic
um d
ichl
oror
mifl
oru
m),
etc
. A
ddit
iona
l as
soci
ates
incl
ude
Lee
rsia
ory
zoid
es, A
mar
anth
us
cann
abin
us, T
ypha
ang
usti
foli
a, T
. lat
ifol
ia, I
mpa
tien
s ca
pens
is, P
. sag
itta
tum
, P. p
unct
atum
. Sm
all p
atch
es o
f ra
re (S
1-S3
) pla
nt p
opul
atio
ns a
nd o
ther
vas
cula
r pl
ants
ar
e sc
atte
red
thro
ugho
ut im
poun
ded
emer
gent
wet
land
s de
mon
stra
ting
con
side
rabl
e na
tive
pla
nt d
iver
sity
. Som
e ex
ampl
es in
clud
e:•
swam
p su
nfl o
wer
(H
elia
nthu
s an
gust
ifol
ius)
• se
a pu
rsla
ne (
Sesu
vium
mar
itim
um)
• he
mlo
ck w
ater
-par
snip
(Si
um s
uave
)•
Can
ada
rich
wee
d (P
ilea
pum
ila)
• sw
eetfl
ag
(Aco
rnus
cal
amus
)
Div
erse
nat
ive
plan
t co
mm
unit
ies
also
sup
port
div
erse
in
vert
ebra
te s
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
spec
ifi c
plan
t co
mm
unit
ies.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: Mig
rati
ng &
win
teri
ng
Duc
ks; m
igra
nt C
AG
Os
(spr
ing
& f
all)
; 6 k
ey p
eren
nial
ve
geta
tion
com
mun
itie
s su
ppor
t th
e B
ronz
e C
oppe
r (L
ycae
na h
yllu
s). T
his
spec
ies
is d
ecli
ning
in t
he
Del
awar
e E
stua
ry a
nd t
he r
efug
e is
mai
ntai
ning
bes
t st
ate
occu
rren
ces
w/in
its
impo
unde
d m
arsh
es in
th
e st
ate;
als
o tr
ue f
or P
hotu
ris
pens
ylva
nica
fi re
fl y,
Lyc
aena
hyl
lus
(S1)
, and
Isc
hnur
a ke
llic
otti
(S2
).
Thi
s ha
bita
t co
ver
type
is a
com
posi
te o
f se
vera
l sm
alle
r pe
renn
ial
plan
t co
mm
unit
ies,
su
rrou
nded
by
annu
al
moi
st-s
oil p
lant
s th
at a
re
cont
inua
lly in
fl ux
due
to
dyn
amic
hyd
rolo
gy,
crea
ted
by w
ater
leve
l m
anag
emen
t an
d se
ason
al m
anip
ulat
ions
, cl
imat
ic a
nd s
easo
nal
stor
m s
ever
itie
s.
Exo
tic
plan
t in
vasi
ons,
es
peci
ally
Phr
agm
ites
and
L
udw
igia
lept
ocar
pa.;
Wat
er q
ualit
y is
sues
due
to
eutr
ophi
cati
on b
oth
from
on-
refu
ge a
nd o
ff-r
efug
e so
urce
s,
Mer
cury
con
tam
inat
ion
of
wet
land
s th
roug
h at
mos
pher
ic
depo
stio
n; G
roun
d-w
ater
de
plet
ion
due
to la
rge
com
mer
cial
irri
gati
on s
yste
ms
adja
cent
to
refu
ge la
nds;
Inve
rteb
rate
com
mun
itie
s sh
ould
be
prot
ecte
d fr
om
Adu
ltic
ide
appl
icat
ions
.
D-15
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
nsL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
Coa
stal
Pla
in P
onds
(F
resh
wat
er D
epre
ssio
nal
Pon
ds)
( 10
-A)
The
se a
re n
on-t
idal
, iso
late
d, fr
eshw
ater
dep
ress
iona
l w
etla
nds
wit
h su
bstr
ates
tha
t ar
e a
deep
muc
k, w
ith
som
e ar
eas
of m
ucky
san
d an
d sa
nd. C
hara
cter
isti
c ve
geta
tion
in
clud
es fr
agra
nt w
ater
lily
(Nym
phae
a od
orat
a),
wat
ersh
iedl
(Bra
seni
a sc
hreb
eri)
see
dbox
es (
Lud
wig
ia
spp)
, and
bla
dder
wor
ts (U
tric
ular
ia s
pp).
Dep
ress
iona
l Po
nds
also
pro
vide
hab
itat
for
seve
ral s
tate
-rar
e pl
ants
:•
Rob
bin’
s sp
iker
ush
(S3)
Ele
ocha
ris
robb
insi
i•
Cat
tail
sedg
e (S
3) C
arex
typh
ina
• Sl
ende
r bl
ue-fl
ag ir
is (S
3) I
ris
prim
atic
a
Hyd
rom
orph
ic c
oast
al
pond
pla
in c
omm
unit
y is
lim
ited
to
the
Atl
anti
c C
oast
al P
lain
from
so
uthe
rn N
ew E
ngla
nd
to M
aryl
and.
The
se
wet
land
s ar
e im
port
ant
grou
nd-w
ater
rec
harg
e ar
eas.
Glo
bal R
anki
ng G
2. I
n D
elaw
are,
Her
itag
e sc
ient
ists
ra
nk t
his
com
mun
ity
for
prot
ecti
on, a
s it
is in
crea
sing
ra
re in
the
sta
te d
ue t
o th
e fa
ct
that
coa
stal
pla
in p
onds
are
not
le
gally
reg
ulat
ed; A
lso
pond
s ar
e vu
lner
able
to
dest
ruct
ion
via
ditc
hing
, dra
inin
g, fi
lling
an
d ag
ricu
ltur
al r
unof
f cau
sing
eu
trop
hica
tion
. The
y ar
e al
so
thre
aten
ed b
y hy
drol
ogic
al
tera
tion
(gro
undw
ater
de
plet
ion)
.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-16
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
nsL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
Pea
t-M
at (
Bog
) C
omm
unit
ies
(10
A)
DN
HP
:➜ M
ost
sign
ifi c
ant
com
mun
ity-
type
fou
nd o
n re
fuge
wit
h re
spec
t to
fl or
a an
d fa
unal
div
ersi
ty.
The
ref
uge
cont
ains
sev
eral
exa
mpl
es o
f Tw
ig R
ush/
Ten-
Ang
le P
ipew
ort/
Taw
ny C
otto
n G
rass
Her
bace
ous
Veg:
whi
ch a
re t
he m
ost
fl ori
stic
ally
div
erse
hab
itat
on
the
refu
ge a
nd in
the
sta
te w
ith
66 s
peci
es a
nd v
arie
ties
do
cum
ente
d, s
uppo
rtin
g 24
sta
te-r
are
plan
t sp
ecie
s (S
ee H
MP
App
endi
x ?
for
com
preh
ensi
ve p
lant
list
). C
ladi
um m
aris
coid
es is
dom
inan
t he
rb. A
ssoc
iate
d he
rbac
eous
pla
nts
incl
ude
(S1)
Eri
ocau
lon
deca
ngul
are
& (S
1) E
riop
horu
m v
irgi
nicu
m B
iden
s co
rona
ta, B
. m
itis
, Sag
itta
ria
enge
lman
nian
a, R
hync
hosp
ora
alba
, Sp
iran
thes
cer
nua,
Ele
ocha
ris
robb
insi
i & B
arto
nia
pani
cula
ta. S
catt
ered
shr
ubs
incl
ude
Smil
ax w
alte
ri,
Cle
thra
aln
ifol
ia, S
. lau
rifo
lia
& A
lnus
mar
itim
a.
In
addi
tion
, a s
ubsp
ecie
s ne
w t
o th
e fl o
ra o
f Del
awar
e an
d D
elm
arva
Pen
insu
la w
as d
isco
vere
d he
re: B
ushy
Blu
este
m
[And
ropo
gon
glom
erat
us v
ar.h
irsu
tior
(S1
)].
Rar
e F
auna
ass
ocia
ted
wit
h fl o
ra in
clud
e:•
Elfi
n sk
imm
er [S
1] (N
anno
ther
nis
bella
) •
Lily
pad
fork
tail
[S1]
(Isc
hnur
a ke
llico
tti)
• Sp
hagn
um S
prit
e [S
1] (N
ehal
enni
a gr
acili
s)•
Seve
ral fi
refl
y s
peci
es (
Pho
turi
s py
ralo
mim
us,
trem
ulan
s, a
nd fr
onta
lis)
• N
ew le
afho
pper
spe
cies
Del
phac
idae
, Meg
amel
us s
peci
es
curr
entl
y be
ing
desc
ribe
d.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
: Nan
noth
emis
bel
la (
S1),
Sp
hagn
um S
prit
e (S
1), P
hotu
ris
pens
ylva
nica
(S2
), P
. tr
emul
ans
(s1)
, Xes
tia
youn
gii (
S1)
& E
xyra
fax
(S1)
.
Uni
que
and
rare
co
mm
unit
y ty
pe t
hat
occu
rs o
n de
ep, m
ucky
pe
at t
hat
form
s in
ope
n-w
ater
dep
ress
ions
wit
hin
impo
unde
d m
arsh
, an
d/or
see
ps w
ithi
n a
shru
b do
min
ated
sw
amp
mat
rix.
Nat
ural
su
cces
sion
from
ope
n w
ater
to
peat
land
to
fore
sted
wet
land
. Ear
ly
succ
essi
onal
ver
sion
s ha
ve t
hinn
er p
eat
laye
rs
and
less
spe
cies
-ric
hnes
s.
Peat
mos
ses
docu
men
ted
here
incl
ude
Spha
gnum
fi m
bria
tum
, S r
ecur
vum
, &
S. p
eric
haet
ile.
The
se s
ites
sup
port
man
y st
ate
(DE
) and
glo
bally
rar
e pl
ant
spec
ies,
ass
ocia
ted
rare
in
vert
ebra
tes
and
are
also
va
luab
le in
sup
port
ing
rare
am
phib
ian
spec
ies
that
are
fo
und
here
. To
mai
ntai
n th
is
habi
tat
for
rare
pla
nts
and
anim
als,
act
ive
man
agem
ent
of w
oody
veg
etat
ion
and
cont
rol o
f non
-nat
ive
inva
sive
s en
croa
chin
g al
ong
the
peri
met
er a
s w
ell a
s in
the
in
teri
or o
f the
se p
eat-
mat
co
mm
unit
ies
is r
ecom
men
ded
(DN
HP
200
7).
D-17
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
nsL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
Wax
-Myr
tle
Shru
b Sw
amps
(6
7 A
)Sh
rub
cano
py is
rel
ativ
ely
open
to
mod
erat
ely
dens
e an
d do
min
ated
by
Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a, B
acch
aris
hal
imif
olia
. H
erba
ceou
s la
yer
dive
rse
& c
hara
cter
ized
by
Ele
ocha
ris
spp.
, Kos
tele
zkya
vir
gini
ca, H
ibis
cus
mos
cheu
tos,
Typ
ha
angu
stif
olia
, Pol
ygon
um p
unct
atum
, Plu
chea
odo
rata
, Sp
atin
a pa
tens
, Asc
lepi
as in
carn
ate,
Pti
lim
nium
ca
pilla
ceum
, Cyp
erus
fi li
cinu
s, P
anic
um.
vir
gatu
m, S
choe
nple
ctus
am
eric
anus
, Am
aran
thus
ca
nnab
inus
. P
oten
tial
Foc
al S
peci
es: C
atoc
ala
mul
ierc
ula
by
secu
ring
hea
lth
of h
ost
plan
t =
Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a.
Olig
ohal
ine
(0-5
ppt
) sh
rubl
and
of fr
esh
to
brac
kish
wat
ers
on fi
rm,
part
ially
dec
ompo
sed
peat
lack
ing
pron
ounc
ed
hum
moc
k an
d ho
llow
m
icro
-top
ogra
phy.
Thi
s ve
geta
tion
form
s lin
ear
stan
ds a
long
wat
erw
ays
betw
een
fres
hwat
er
mar
shes
and
adj
acen
t sw
amp
fore
sts.
Hab
itat
Deg
rada
tion
& L
oss;
In
vasi
ve s
peci
es e
ncro
achm
ent,
m
ostl
y M
-A-M
& P
hrag
mit
es.
Mor
ella
spp
. Rar
e in
sta
te
land
scap
e &
ser
ves
as h
ost
plan
t fo
r ra
re in
vert
s.
Wat
er W
illo
w S
hrub
Sw
amp
(2A
)C
omm
unit
y do
min
ated
by
broa
d-le
aved
dec
iduo
us s
hrub
, D
ecod
on v
erti
cilla
tus.
The
se c
omm
unit
ies
are
is a
ssoc
iati
on
w/ P
eat-
bog
mat
s. D
. ver
tici
llatu
s fo
rms
a de
nse,
oft
en
mon
otyp
ic s
tand
. Cep
hala
nthu
s oc
cide
ntal
is a
lso
occu
rs b
ut
wit
h le
ss a
bund
ance
tha
t w
ater
will
ow. H
erba
ceou
s sp
ecie
s va
ry w
idel
y to
incl
ude
Nup
har
adve
na, N
ymph
oea
odor
ata,
P
etla
ndra
vir
gini
ca, P
onte
dari
a co
rdat
a, U
tric
ular
ia s
pp
& P
otam
oget
on s
pp.
Thi
s sh
rub
bord
er o
ccur
s as
a fr
inge
alo
ng P
H
Cre
ek a
nd o
ther
ref
uge
fres
hwat
er w
ater
way
s.
Mos
t of
ten
Dec
odon
ve
rtic
illa
tus
will
form
a
dens
e ta
ngle
bor
deri
ng
this
cre
ek.
Maj
or li
mit
ing
fact
or w
ould
be
salt
-wat
er in
trus
ion;
Inv
asiv
e sp
ecie
s en
croa
chm
ent.
But
tonb
ush
Coa
stal
Pon
d P
lain
(1
A)
Subs
trat
e is
a s
hallo
w o
rgan
ic la
yer
over
lyin
g si
lt lo
am
or c
lay
loam
. Dia
gnos
tic
feat
ures
are
Cep
hala
nthu
s oc
cide
ntal
is a
s do
min
ant
shru
b w
/ the
mos
s F
onti
nali
s sp
p., d
rape
d on
lim
bs. C
hara
cter
isti
c he
rbs
= P
olyg
onum
hy
drop
iper
oide
s, D
ulic
hium
aru
ndin
aceu
m, B
iden
s fr
ondo
sa, S
cirp
us c
yper
inus
, Fim
bris
tyli
s au
tum
nali
s,
Car
ex lu
rida
, Pan
icum
dic
hoto
mifl
oru
m ,
and
P.
amph
ibiu
m.
Smal
l bas
in w
etla
nds
that
dra
wdo
wn
enti
rely
du
ring
dry
yea
rs; m
ost o
f th
e C
oast
al P
lain
pon
ds
are
sink
hole
feat
ures
th
at fo
rmed
thr
ough
di
ssol
utio
n of
und
erly
ing
carb
onat
e-ri
ch s
hell
mar
l de
posi
ts.
Glo
bally
Ran
ked
as (G
3); F
ew
occu
rren
ces
in m
id-A
tlan
tic
regi
on a
s ac
reag
e is
ver
y sm
all;
com
mun
ity
is t
hrea
tene
d by
gr
ound
wat
er a
lter
atio
n &
ag
ricu
ltur
al r
unof
f & d
rain
age
ditc
hes.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-18
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
nsL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
Irre
gula
rly
Flo
oded
Eas
tern
T
idal
Sal
t Sh
rub
(96
A)
Thi
s sh
rubl
and
occu
rs in
pat
ches
abo
ve m
ean
high
tid
e an
d ca
n be
fl oo
ded
by s
torm
tid
es. S
ubst
rate
is p
eat
over
sa
nd, o
r sa
ndy
loam
. Dom
inat
ed b
y Iv
a fr
utes
cens
&
Bac
char
is h
alim
ifol
ia. A
lso
asso
ciat
ed w
/ Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a &
Jun
iper
us v
irgi
nian
a. H
erba
ceou
s la
yer
dom
inat
ed b
y S.
pat
ens;
oth
er h
erba
ceou
s as
soci
ates
incl
ude
Dis
tich
lis
spic
ata,
Hib
iscu
s m
osch
euto
s, T
eucr
ium
can
dens
e,
Toxi
code
ndro
n ra
dica
ns, C
uscu
ta g
rono
vii &
Sol
idag
o se
mpe
rvir
ens.
Pot
enti
al F
ocal
Spe
cies
for
Tid
al C
reek
Shr
ubla
nd/
Spar
tina
Hig
h &
Low
Sal
t M
arsh
: Sal
tmar
sh S
harp
-ta
iled
spa
rrow
, Bla
ck R
ail (
SEN
), P
rair
ie W
arbl
er,
Seas
ide
Spar
row
, AB
DU
, Wil
let,
Cla
pper
Rai
l, Sh
ort-
eare
d O
wl,
Hen
slow
’s S
parr
ow (
SEN
), S
edge
Wre
n,
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
wam
p Sp
arro
w.
Mar
itim
e/es
tuar
ine
shru
blan
d of
the
mid
-A
tlan
tic
occu
rrin
g in
as
soci
atio
n w
ith
salt
m
arsh
es. I
t fo
rms
an
ecot
one
betw
een
high
m
arsh
and
adj
acen
t up
land
veg
etat
ion.
Se
awar
d, t
his
asso
ciat
ion
grad
es in
to h
igh
salt
m
arsh
dom
inat
ed b
y he
rbac
eous
veg
etat
ion,
bu
t la
ndw
ard,
shr
ub
cove
r be
com
es m
ore
dens
e. T
his
com
mun
ity
is d
iffer
enti
ated
from
th
e W
ax-M
yrtl
e Sh
rub
Swam
p of
Mor
ella
ce
rife
ra/B
acch
aris
ha
lim
ifol
ia/S
Par
tina
sp
p by
the
pre
senc
e of
Iva
frut
esce
ns a
nd
high
er s
alin
ity
regi
mes
, ch
arac
teri
stic
of d
iurn
al
to ir
regu
larl
y fl o
oded
m
esoh
alin
e (5
.0 –
18.
0 pp
t) a
reas
bor
deri
ng
Bro
adki
ll R
iver
and
Sl
augh
ter
Can
al.
Hea
vy s
alt
spra
y an
d ti
dal
fl ood
ing
from
sev
ere
stor
ms
can
caus
e di
e-ba
ck in
the
shr
ub
laye
r;P
hrag
mit
es e
ncro
achm
ent.
D-19
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
nsL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
Nor
th A
tlan
tic
Hig
h M
arsh
(8
5 A
)H
igh
Salt
Mar
sh is
dom
inat
ed b
y Sp
arti
na p
aten
s &
co
dom
inat
ed b
y D
isti
chli
s sp
icat
a &
Jun
cus
gera
rdii
. O
ther
ass
ocia
tes
in lo
w d
ensi
ty in
clud
e A
ster
tenu
ifol
ius,
A
. sub
ulat
us, A
trip
lex
patu
la, S
olid
ago
sem
perv
iren
s &
P
anic
um v
irga
tum
. Sal
t pa
nes
are
a pr
omin
ent
feat
ure
wit
hin
this
ass
ocia
tion
. Thi
s co
mm
unit
y oc
cupi
es z
ones
ex
tend
ing
from
mea
n hi
gh t
ide
land
war
d to
the
lim
it o
f sp
ring
tid
es.
Pote
ntia
l tar
get
Roc
s in
clud
e A
mer
ican
Bla
ck D
uck,
br
eedi
ng s
alt
mar
sh p
asse
rine
s sp
ecie
s, b
lack
rai
l,and
w
illet
, mig
rati
ng a
nd w
inte
ring
wat
erfo
wl a
nd w
ater
bird
s.
Vege
tati
on o
ccur
s as
a
shift
ing
mos
aic
of
patc
hes
dom
inat
ed b
y a
sing
le g
rass
spe
cies
di
ctat
ed b
y hy
drop
erio
d,
nutr
ient
ava
ilabi
lity,
sa
linit
y gr
adie
nts,
so
il ox
ygen
and
in
ters
peci
fi c c
ompe
titi
on.
As
sedi
men
tati
on
incr
ease
s m
arsh
el
evat
ion,
veg
etat
ion
shift
s to
upl
and
bord
er
com
mun
itie
s do
min
ated
by
Pan
icum
vir
gatu
m &
Ju
ncus
ger
ardi
i. L
ocal
di
stur
banc
e fr
om ic
e sc
ouri
ng o
r ex
tens
ive
snow
goo
se h
erbi
vory
ca
n ca
use
inva
sion
by
S.
alte
rnifl
ora
, or
can
lead
to
the
form
atio
n of
sal
t pa
nes.
Dik
ing
and
drai
ning
; OM
WM
ex
cava
tion
s; a
lter
ed h
ydro
logy
; in
vasi
ve s
peci
es; s
ea le
vel r
ise;
m
ercu
ry c
onta
min
atio
n an
d sa
lt m
arsh
die
-bac
k.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-20
Hab
itat
s (P
lant
C
omm
unit
ies
that
Rep
rese
nt
Exi
stin
g B
IDE
HP
opul
atio
n/H
abit
at A
ttri
bute
s (S
truc
ture
& S
peci
es
Com
posi
tion
)
Nat
ural
Pro
cess
es
Res
pons
ible
for
the
se
cond
itio
nsL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
Nor
th A
tlan
tic
Low
Sal
t M
arsh
(16
85 A
)Ta
ll gr
assl
and
dom
inat
ed b
y S.
alt
erni
fl ora
form
s a
coar
se p
eat
over
muc
ky s
ilt t
o si
lty
coar
se fi
brou
s pe
at
wit
h hi
gh o
rgan
ic m
atte
r co
nten
t. O
ccur
s in
reg
ular
ly
fl ood
ed in
tert
idal
zon
e (f
rom
mea
n hi
gh t
ide
to m
ean
sea
leve
l; di
urna
lly fl
oode
d by
pol
yhal
ine
(18-
30 p
pt) t
ides
; ta
ll-fo
rm a
lter
nifl o
ra o
ccur
s ne
ares
t ti
dal w
ater
way
s an
d gr
ades
into
sho
rt-f
orm
, lan
dwar
d, w
here
tid
al r
ange
is
rest
rict
ed. C
omm
on a
ssoc
iate
s in
low
den
sity
incl
ude
Dis
tich
lis
spic
ata,
Sal
icor
nia
mar
itim
e, J
uncu
s ge
rard
ii
& J
. roe
mer
ianu
s, m
icro
scop
ic a
lgae
(esp
. dia
tom
s) a
re
abun
dant
on
mar
sh s
urfa
ce.
Hig
hly
dyna
mic
hab
itat
s;
Alt
erni
fl ora
rea
dily
co
loni
zes
soft
sed
imen
ts
off t
he s
eaw
ard
edge
of
the
salt
mar
sh. G
rass
cu
lms
and
alga
l mat
s tr
ap
sedi
men
ts b
roug
ht in
by
tide
s. P
eat d
evel
opm
ent
rais
es m
arsh
ele
vati
on
& lo
w m
arsh
suc
ceed
s to
hi
gh m
arsh
.
“Sal
t-M
arsh
Die
-Bac
k”;
Tid
al R
ange
s of
less
tha
n 1
met
er; a
lter
ed h
ydro
logy
; In
vasi
ve S
peci
es; M
ercu
ry
Con
tam
inat
ion.
D-21
App
endi
x D
-5. H
abit
at P
rior
itie
s at
Pri
me
Hoo
k N
atio
nal W
ildl
ife
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
Typ
eR
easo
ns f
or R
anki
ngL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
/Thr
eats
PR
IOR
ITY
I H
AB
ITA
TS
I. B
arri
er I
slan
d B
each
and
Sal
t M
arsh
Hab
itat
s
Ove
rwas
h D
unes
Pre
senc
e of
fede
rally
-list
ed s
peci
es d
urin
g m
igra
tion
al p
erio
ds;
Pre
senc
e of
nes
ting
sta
te-li
sted
spe
cies
; Im
port
ance
to
spri
ng
& fa
ll m
igra
ting
sho
rebi
rds
and
wad
ing
bird
s, in
clud
ing
high
est
prio
rity
BC
R 3
0 &
MA
NE
M s
peci
es; H
abit
at t
ype
rank
ed S
2/S3
&
G2/
G3;
Tar
get
Roc
s*: A
mer
ican
Oys
terc
atch
er, R
ed K
not,
Sa
nder
ling
, Whi
mbr
el, B
each
Dun
e T
iger
Bee
tle,
Hor
sesh
oe
Cra
bs.*
(Se
e N
ote
at T
able
’s E
nd)
Hum
an a
ctiv
itie
s su
ch a
s du
ne s
tabi
lizat
ion,
AT
V
use;
Run
ning
dog
s an
d w
alki
ng h
uman
s du
ring
ne
stin
g an
d cr
itic
al m
igra
tion
al s
easo
ns; L
oss
of
natu
ral b
each
dyn
amic
s; S
hore
line
Pro
tect
ion
Pra
ctic
es (B
each
Rep
leni
shm
ent
& A
rtifi
cial
D
une
Con
stru
ctio
n); A
ccid
enta
l spi
lls o
f tox
ins
and
sew
age;
Inv
asiv
e pl
ants
.
Dun
e G
rass
land
Mar
itim
e ve
geta
tion
com
mun
ity
supp
orts
unc
omm
on s
tate
pla
nts
and
rare
inve
rteb
rate
spe
cies
; Ran
ked
Glo
bally
as
G2
and
stat
e ra
nked
as
“Key
Wil
dlif
e H
abit
at o
f C
once
rn.”
Tar
get
Roc
: B
each
Dun
e T
iger
Bee
tle.
Art
ifi ci
al d
une
cons
truc
tion
, tra
mpl
ing
& A
TV
tr
affi c
; Adu
ltic
ide
Mos
quit
o C
hem
ical
Use
; Sea
L
evel
Ris
e an
d C
limat
e C
hang
e; I
nvas
ive
spec
ies.
Atl
anti
c C
oast
al I
nter
dune
Sw
ale
Unc
omm
on p
lant
s in
clud
ing
Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a ca
nopy
&
herb
aceo
us la
yer;
Rar
e &
uni
que
inve
rteb
rate
faun
a ab
sent
from
ot
her
stat
e si
tes.
Tar
get
Roc
s: M
igra
tory
land
bird
s in
spr
ing
&
fall
and
rar
e in
vert
s; O
nly
2 St
ate
Ref
eren
ce s
ite
in D
elaw
are
of t
his
habi
tat
type
: 1)
PH
NW
R &
2)
Gre
at M
arsh
in L
ewes
.
Hab
itat
Los
s an
d F
ragm
enta
tion
; Res
iden
tial
&
Com
mer
cial
Dev
elop
men
t; A
dult
icid
e M
osqu
ito
Che
mic
al U
se.
Mar
itim
e R
ed C
edar
Woo
dlan
dC
oast
al D
une
Com
mun
ity
rare
in D
elaw
are
(S1)
w/ p
atch
es
Key
Wil
dlif
e H
abit
at o
f C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
of A
ncie
nt
Sand
Rid
ge F
ores
t; M
any
rare
S1
inve
rteb
rate
s de
pend
ent
on
vege
tati
on w
ithi
n th
is c
omm
unit
y; G
loba
lly R
anke
d (G
2).
Inva
sive
pla
nt s
peci
es; A
rtifi
cial
dun
e st
abili
zati
on; R
esid
enti
al/C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t; C
hem
ical
app
licat
ions
of D
imili
n &
M
osqu
ito
Adu
ltic
ides
.
Salt
Mar
sh•
Nor
th A
tlan
tic
Hig
h M
arsh
• N
orth
Atl
anti
c L
ow M
arsh
• Ir
regu
larl
y F
lood
ed E
aste
rn
Tid
al S
alt
Shru
b•
Salt
Pan
ne
Lis
ted
as a
Hab
itat
Of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
in D
WA
P &
ref
uge
com
mun
ity
harb
ors
seve
ral b
ird
spec
ies
of s
tate
’s g
reat
est
cons
erva
tion
nee
d. T
arge
t R
ocs:
Bla
ck r
ail,
shar
p-ta
il a
nd
seas
ide
spar
row
s, c
oast
al p
lain
sw
amp
spar
row
, Am
eric
an
blac
k du
ck, g
ull-
bill
ed t
ern,
com
mon
ter
n, b
lack
ski
mm
er,
leas
t te
rn, F
orst
er’s
ter
n, w
him
brel
and
wil
let.
Bla
ck r
ails
, L
east
& F
orst
er’s
tern
s &
Bla
ck s
kim
mer
s ar
e lis
ted
as s
tate
en
dang
ered
spe
cies
. Sal
t mar
sh s
harp
-tai
led
& s
easi
de s
parr
ows,
A
mer
ican
bla
ck d
uck,
gul
l-bill
ed &
ros
ette
tern
s ar
e al
l lis
ted
as
Tie
r 1
stat
e bi
rds
(DW
AP-
2005
).*
Alt
ered
hyd
rolo
gy d
ue t
o O
MW
M e
xcav
atio
ns;
Pest
icid
es;I
nvas
ive
spec
ies;
Mer
cury
co
ntam
inat
ion;
Sal
t M
arsh
Die
-Bac
k; C
limat
e C
hang
e; S
ea L
evel
Ris
e.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-22
Hab
itat
Typ
eR
easo
ns f
or R
anki
ngL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
/Thr
eats
PR
IOR
ITY
I H
AB
ITA
TS
(con
t.)
II.
For
este
d U
plan
ds (
Pri
orit
y N
VC
S A
ssoc
iati
ons)
Sout
hern
Red
Oak
For
est;
Mid
-Atl
anti
c C
oast
al P
lain
L
oblo
lly P
ine
For
est;
Mes
ic C
oast
al P
lain
Oak
For
est;
Mid
-Atl
anti
c M
esic
Mix
ed
Har
dwoo
d F
ores
t;
Pond
Pin
e W
oodl
and;
N
orth
ern
Coa
stal
Pla
in B
asic
M
esic
Har
dwoo
d F
ores
t.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n P
lan
(200
5) h
as d
esig
nate
d an
y fo
rest
ed U
plan
d B
lock
s >
250
acr
es a
s K
ey W
ildl
ife
Hab
itat
of
Con
serv
atio
n C
once
rn d
ue t
o ra
rity
of l
arge
con
tigu
ous
fore
sted
bl
ocks
in s
tate
; Tar
get
Roc
s: D
elm
arva
fox
squi
rrel
, Bal
d E
agle
, B
reed
ing
Lan
dbir
ds, e
spec
ially
Woo
d th
rush
, Bay
-bre
aste
d w
arbl
er, B
lack
and
whi
te w
arbl
er, G
reat
Cre
sted
Fly
catc
her,
Ken
tuck
y w
arbl
er, N
orth
ern
fl ick
er, S
carl
et T
anag
er, W
hip-
Poor
-W
ill, Y
ello
w-t
hroa
ted
Vir
eo; M
igra
ting
Lan
dbir
ds.
Maj
or H
abit
at L
oss
of F
ores
ted
Upl
and
Hab
itat
s (>
75%
) in
stat
e an
d H
abit
at F
ragm
enta
tion
due
to
cle
ar c
utti
ng fo
r de
velo
pmen
t, &
agr
icul
tura
l pr
acti
ces;
Fir
e Su
ppre
ssio
n; I
nvas
ive
plan
t sp
ecie
s; A
gric
ultu
ral r
unof
f & r
esid
enti
al a
reas
cr
eati
ng e
leva
ted
leve
ls o
f Nit
roge
n, P
hosp
horu
s,
& E
nter
ococ
cus
bact
eria
; Clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd s
ea
leve
l ris
e.
III.
F
ores
ted
and
Em
erge
nt W
etla
nds
Red
Map
le/S
easi
de A
lder
Sw
amp
Bas
ed o
n cu
rren
t kn
owle
dge
this
com
mun
ity
does
not
exi
st
anyw
here
els
e in
Del
awar
e or
Nor
th A
mer
ica
(DN
HP-
2007
); R
are
plan
ts fo
und
here
incl
ude
seas
ide
alde
r (S
2/G
3), g
reen
-fr
inge
orc
hid
(S3)
, Mit
chel
l’s s
edge
and
gib
bous
gra
ss (S
2);
Rar
e an
imal
spe
cies
incl
ude
Car
pent
er F
rog
(S1)
, Cop
e’s
Gra
y Tr
eefr
og (S
1), R
ibbo
n Sn
ake
(S2)
, Rou
gh G
reen
Sna
ke
(S2)
, Gre
at P
urpl
e H
airs
trea
k (S
1), s
ever
al r
are
fi refl
y s
peci
es
(Pho
turi
s sp
p.),
& P
raec
lara
Und
erw
ing
Mot
h (S
1); T
arge
t R
ocs:
Pro
thon
otar
y W
arbl
er, A
cadi
an F
lyca
tche
r, &
Yel
low
-th
roat
ed V
ireo
.
Thi
s co
mm
unit
y is
ant
hrop
ogen
ical
ly m
aint
aine
d by
the
ref
uge’
s U
nit
III
Impo
undm
ent
Infr
astr
uctu
re (2
larg
e w
ater
con
trol
str
uctu
res
& m
ile-lo
ng d
ike)
tha
t pr
ovid
es w
ater
leve
l m
anag
emen
t ca
pabi
litie
s w
ithi
n 2,
500
acre
s of
em
erge
nt m
arsh
. Dra
stic
alt
erat
ions
to
wat
er
leve
ls o
n P
rim
e H
ook
Cre
ek c
ould
neg
ativ
ely
impa
ct r
are
plan
ts a
nd a
nim
als
depe
nden
t on
the
R
ed M
aple
/Sea
side
Ald
er S
wam
p co
mm
unit
y;
Gro
undw
ater
wit
hdra
wal
s.
Atl
anti
c W
hite
Ced
ar/S
easi
de
Ald
er S
wam
pC
omm
unit
y is
dis
ting
uish
ed b
y A
tlan
tic
Whi
te C
edar
in t
he
cano
py &
sea
side
ald
er (S
3) in
the
und
erst
ory.
Sev
eral
rar
e pl
ants
ass
ocia
ted
wit
h th
is h
abit
at t
ype
incl
ude:
coa
st s
edge
(S1)
, ba
yone
t ru
sh (S
2), &
fl at
tene
d pi
pew
ort
(S2)
. Rar
e H
erps
are
al
so a
ssoc
iate
d: C
arpe
nter
Fro
g (S
1) –
onl
y 2
know
n po
pula
tion
s ex
tant
in D
e; C
ope’
s G
ray
Tree
frog
(S1)
, Rib
bon
Snak
e (S
2), &
R
ough
gre
en s
nake
(S2)
.
Hab
itat
frag
men
tati
on a
nd lo
ss; L
ack
of fi
re t
o re
gene
rate
whi
te c
edar
sta
nds;
Inv
asiv
e sp
ecie
s.
D-23
Hab
itat
Typ
eR
easo
ns f
or R
anki
ngL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
/Thr
eats
PR
IOR
ITY
I H
AB
ITA
TS
(con
t.)
III.
F
ores
ted
and
Em
erge
nt W
etla
nds
(con
t.)
Swam
p C
otto
nwoo
d C
oast
al P
lain
Po
ndO
nly
a fe
w e
xam
ples
of t
his
com
mun
ity
rem
ain
in D
elaw
are.
St
ate
and
Reg
iona
lly r
are
and
glob
ally
unc
omm
on (S
1/G
3 T
ier
1) M
arbl
ed U
nder
win
g M
oth
resi
des
wit
hin
this
com
mun
ity
in
asso
ciat
ion
wit
h it
s ho
st p
lant
, sw
amp
cott
onw
ood.
Tar
get
Roc
s:
Cat
ocal
a m
arm
orat
a, P
opul
us h
eter
ophy
lla,
bre
edin
g &
m
igra
ting
land
bird
s.
Dra
inag
e di
tche
s du
g fo
r re
fuge
farm
ing,
eu
trop
hica
tion
from
Ag-
fert
ilize
r an
d pe
stic
ide
runo
ff, &
hig
h be
aver
den
siti
es, i
nvas
ive
spec
ies.
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
resh
wat
er
Dep
ress
ion
Pond
sC
oast
al p
lain
pon
ds a
re u
niqu
e no
n-ti
dal,
isol
ated
fres
hwat
er
depr
essi
onal
pon
ds s
urro
unde
d by
fore
sted
can
opy.
Glo
bally
ra
re (G
2) r
efug
e de
pres
sion
al p
onds
pro
vide
hab
itat
for
seve
ral
stat
e ra
re-p
lant
s: s
lend
er b
lue-
fl ag
iris
(S2)
, cat
tail
sedg
e (S
3)
& R
obbi
ns s
pike
-rus
h (S
3).R
are
stat
e an
imal
spe
cies
sup
port
ed
by t
his
com
mun
ity
incl
ude
Car
pent
er F
rog
(S1)
, Cop
e G
ray
Tree
F
rog
(S1)
, Gre
at P
urpl
e H
airs
trea
k (S
1) &
Mar
bled
Und
erw
ing
(S1)
.
Del
awar
e H
erit
age
scie
ntis
ts r
ank
this
co
mm
unit
y fo
r pr
otec
tion
as
thes
e ar
eas
are
not
lega
lly r
egul
ated
by
Del
awar
e; P
onds
are
vu
lner
able
to
dest
ruct
ion
via
ditc
hing
, dra
inin
g,
fi llin
g-in
wet
are
as &
agr
icul
tura
l run
off o
f nu
trie
nts
& p
esti
cide
s. T
hey
are
also
thr
eate
ned
by g
roun
dwat
er d
eple
tion
due
to
larg
e ir
riga
tion
sy
stem
s ad
jace
nt t
o re
fuge
land
s th
at a
lter
hy
drol
ogy
supp
orti
ng t
hese
hab
itat
s; M
osqu
ito
Adu
ltic
ide
& D
imili
n pe
stic
ide
appl
icat
ions
kill
ra
re in
vert
ebra
tes.
But
tonb
ush
Coa
stal
Pla
in P
ond
Glo
bally
Ran
ked
G3
wit
h ve
ry fe
w o
ccur
renc
es in
mid
-Atl
anti
c re
gion
, and
Hab
itat
of
Con
serv
atio
n C
once
rn in
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n P
lan.
Com
mun
ity
is t
hrea
tene
d by
gro
undw
ater
al
tera
tion
, agr
icul
tura
l run
-off
of f
erti
lizer
s an
d pe
stic
ides
and
dra
inag
e di
tche
s.
Twig
-Rus
h Pe
at M
at C
omm
unit
yU
niqu
e an
d ra
re c
omm
unit
y in
Del
awar
e an
d fo
und
now
here
el
se in
the
sta
te; S
ever
al p
opul
atio
ns o
f Tw
ig R
ush
(S1)
, Ten
-A
ngle
Pip
ewor
t (S
1), U
mbr
ella
Fla
t-se
dge
(S1)
, Bus
hy B
lues
tem
(S
1) &
Taw
ny C
otto
n G
rass
(S1)
sup
port
the
mos
t fl o
rist
ical
ly
dive
rse
habi
tat-
type
on
the
refu
ge a
nd in
Del
awar
e w
ith
over
66
unc
omm
on p
lant
spe
cies
doc
umen
ted
by D
NH
P (D
elaw
are
Nat
ural
Her
itag
e P
rogr
am),
incl
udin
g 24
ver
y ra
re s
tate
pla
nt
spec
ies
and
rare
inve
rteb
rate
and
am
phib
ian
spec
ies.
Tar
get
RO
Cs:
Ide
ntifi
ed
as T
ier
1 SG
CN
in D
WA
P –
Pit
cher
Pla
nt
Mot
h, E
lfi n
Ski
mm
er, S
phag
num
Spr
ite,
Blu
eber
ry D
art,
&
seve
ral fi
re
fl y s
peci
es.
Inva
sive
pla
nt s
peci
es; P
oor
Wat
er Q
ualit
y;
Pest
icid
e co
ntam
inat
ion
from
Agr
icul
tura
l run
-of
f; M
osqu
ito
Adu
ltic
ide
or D
imili
n ch
emic
al
appl
icat
ions
, and
sal
t w
ater
intr
usio
n.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-24
Hab
itat
Typ
eR
easo
ns f
or R
anki
ngL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
/Thr
eats
PR
IOR
ITY
I H
AB
ITA
TS
(con
t.)
III.
F
ores
ted
and
Em
erge
nt W
etla
nds
(con
t.)
Em
erge
nt I
mpo
unde
d W
etla
nds
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
-typ
e ac
reag
e (4
,200
acr
es) o
ffer
s gr
eate
st
cont
ribu
tion
to
BID
EH
of f
resh
wat
er h
abit
ats
not
wel
l re
pres
ente
d in
sta
te a
nd e
co-r
egio
n. W
ater
leve
l man
agem
ent
capa
bilit
y cr
eate
s ha
bita
t fo
od r
esou
rces
for
a la
rge
num
ber
of p
rior
ity
RO
CS
espe
cial
ly m
igra
ting
and
win
teri
ng d
ucks
, m
igra
nt C
anad
a G
eese
(spr
ing
& fa
ll), s
igni
fi can
t an
adra
mou
s fi s
h re
sour
ces
and
stat
e ra
re in
vert
ebra
te S
GC
N. S
ix k
ey
pere
nnia
l fre
shw
ater
wet
land
com
mun
itie
s an
d an
nual
moi
st-
soil
vege
tati
on s
uppo
rt t
he b
est
popu
lati
ons
of S
1 &
S2
– T
ier
2 in
vert
ebra
tes
liste
d in
DW
AP.
The
lack
of o
ther
sit
es in
Del
awar
e pl
us t
he c
once
ntra
tion
of r
are
inve
rteb
rate
spe
cies
exe
mpl
ify t
he
impo
rtan
ce o
f PH
NW
R’s
impo
unde
d w
etla
nds
to r
are
spec
ies’
lo
ng-t
erm
per
sist
ence
in t
he s
tate
. Tar
get
Roc
s: B
lack
Rai
l, V
irgi
nia
Rai
l, C
lapp
er R
ail,
For
ster
Ter
n, L
east
Bit
tern
, A
mer
ican
Bit
tern
, Pie
d-bi
lled
Gre
be, A
mer
ican
Bla
ck D
uck,
N
orth
ern
Pin
tail
, Can
ada
Gee
se; b
reed
ing
and
mig
rati
ng
shor
ebir
ds e
spec
iall
y D
unli
n, Y
ello
wle
gs, S
hort
-bil
led
Dow
itch
er, A
voce
ts; A
lew
ife,
Blu
e-ba
ck H
erri
ng, S
trip
e-B
ass,
A
mer
ican
Eel
, Am
eric
an S
had
& H
icko
ry S
had;
Lil
ypad
fo
rkta
il d
amse
lfl y
(Is
chnu
ra k
elli
cott
i-S1
), E
lfi n
Ski
mm
er
(Nan
noth
emis
bel
la-S
1), a
nd (
Pho
turi
s pe
nsyl
vani
ca-S
2)
fi refl
y.
Exo
tic
plan
t in
vasi
ons,
esp
ecia
lly P
hrag
mit
es
& L
udw
igia
lept
ocar
pa; W
ater
qua
lity
issu
es
due
to e
utro
phic
atio
n bo
th fr
om o
n-re
fuge
and
of
f-re
fuge
poi
nt s
ourc
es o
f agr
icul
tura
l run
-off
; M
ercu
ry c
onta
min
atio
n; G
roun
d w
ater
dep
leti
on
from
larg
e co
mm
erci
al ir
riga
tion
sys
tem
s ad
jace
nt t
o re
fuge
land
s; M
osqu
ito
adul
tici
de
appl
icat
ions
and
ass
ocia
ted
drif
t ef
fect
s; t
en 2
5 fo
ot-w
ide
drai
nage
dit
ches
on
priv
ate
prop
erty
fe
edin
g di
rect
ly in
to P
rim
e H
ook
Cre
ek U
nit
III
impo
undm
ent;
Acc
iden
tal s
pills
of t
oxin
and
se
wag
e; G
roun
dwat
er w
ithd
raw
als;
Con
trol
of
Mos
quit
oes
and
For
est
Pest
s by
Aer
ial
App
licat
ion
of P
esti
cide
s; C
limat
e C
hang
es; S
eal
Lev
el R
ise,
and
sal
t w
ater
intr
usio
n.
PR
IOR
ITY
II
HA
BIT
AT
S
Mid
-Atl
anti
c M
arit
ime
Salt
Shr
ubD
omin
ated
by
Iva
frut
esce
ns o
r B
acch
aris
hal
imif
olia
wit
hin
asso
ciat
ed s
alt
mar
sh a
reas
; Im
port
ant
shru
b co
mpo
nent
in
clud
es M
orel
la c
erif
era;
Tar
get
Roc
Cat
ocal
a m
ulie
rcul
a (D
E –
onl
y oc
curr
ence
–St
ate
Rec
ord)
: DW
AP
& D
NH
P
reco
mm
ends
tar
geti
ng a
s SG
CN
by
cons
ervi
ng a
reas
whi
ch
cont
ain
host
pla
nt (
M. c
erif
era)
.
Stor
m s
urge
s ca
n ca
use
shru
b-di
e ba
ck; I
nvas
ive
spec
ies
encr
oach
men
t; C
ontr
ol o
f Mos
quit
oes
and
For
est
Pest
s by
Aer
ial A
pplic
atio
n of
Pes
tici
des
havi
ng n
egat
ive
impa
cts
on in
vert
ebra
tes.
D-25
Hab
itat
Typ
eR
easo
ns f
or R
anki
ngL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
/Thr
eats
PR
IOR
ITY
II
HA
BIT
AT
S (c
ont.
)
III.
F
ores
ted
and
Em
erge
nt W
etla
nds
(con
t.)
Succ
essi
onal
Mar
itim
e F
ores
tC
omm
unit
y co
nsis
ts o
f 184
acr
es o
f stu
nted
fore
st o
f bla
ckbe
rry
& s
wee
tgum
w/s
ome
red
map
le; S
hrub
laye
r do
min
ated
by
Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a &
pen
sylv
anic
a; C
omm
unit
y R
anke
d G
2G3,
re
stri
cted
in r
ange
to
coas
tal a
reas
of 7
NE
sta
tes;
Tar
get
RO
CS
: Cat
ocal
a m
ulie
rcul
a; S
ever
al h
igh
prio
rity
BC
R 3
0 an
d P
IF
44 b
ird
spec
ies
like
Pra
irie
War
bler
; M
igra
ting
son
gbir
ds;
Com
mun
ity
is n
atur
ally
res
tric
ted
to a
reas
di
rect
ly a
ffec
ted
by m
arit
ime
proc
esse
s (e
.g.,
salt
spr
ay a
nd b
ay w
inds
); O
ther
thr
eats
incl
ude
succ
essi
on, l
ack
of d
istu
rban
ce &
inva
sive
pl
ants
. His
tori
c ha
bita
t in
Del
awar
e el
imin
ated
by
ext
ensi
ve r
esid
enti
al d
evel
opm
ent,
roa
d ex
pans
ion,
& r
ecre
atio
n.
Coa
stal
Pla
in D
epre
ssio
n Sw
amp
3 C
oast
al P
lain
com
mun
itie
s ha
ve b
een
inve
ntor
ies
on P
HN
WR
. T
arge
t R
OC
S: S
prin
g &
Fal
l mig
rati
ng s
ongb
irds
; Sta
te r
are
plan
ts in
clud
e C
arex
typ
hina
(S3
), &
Iri
s pr
ism
atic
a (S
2);
Rar
e an
imal
s in
clud
e C
arpe
nter
Fro
g, C
ope’
s G
ray
Tre
efro
g,
Rib
bon
Snak
e, R
ough
Gre
en S
nake
, Gre
at P
urpl
e H
airs
trea
k,
Del
awar
e Sk
ippe
r, C
atoc
ala
prae
clar
a.
Nit
rate
s, p
hosp
hate
s &
pes
tici
des
from
ag
ricu
ltur
al r
un-o
ff; I
nvas
ive
spec
ies
encr
oach
men
t.
Coa
stal
Lob
lolly
Pin
e W
etla
nd
For
est
Supp
orts
unc
omm
on p
lant
spe
cies
but
ref
uge
only
con
tain
s 91
acr
es; R
anke
d as
G3
com
mun
ity
due
to li
mit
ed d
istr
ibut
ion
dom
inat
e sh
rub
spec
ies
Mor
ella
cer
ifer
a. T
arge
t R
OC
S:
Pri
orit
y B
CR
30
& P
IF 4
4 br
eedi
ng &
mig
rati
ng la
ndbi
rds.
Lac
k of
fi re
; Inv
asiv
e pl
ants
; Lan
dsca
pe p
osit
ion
of t
his
com
mun
ity
limit
ed t
o m
id-A
tlan
tic
(DE
, M
D, V
A, N
C) f
aces
dev
elop
men
t pr
essu
res
&
degr
adat
ion
from
agr
icul
tura
l pra
ctic
es.
Succ
essi
onal
Sw
eetg
um, L
oblo
lly
Swee
tgum
& R
ed M
aple
Sw
eetg
um F
ores
ts
Soils
in t
hese
ass
ocia
tion
s ha
ve b
een
nega
tive
ly im
pact
ed b
y ag
ricu
ltur
al p
ract
ices
& a
re r
ecov
erin
g fr
om p
oor
soil
fert
ility
; Sw
eetg
um c
ompo
nent
s na
tura
lly r
esto
re n
ativ
e so
il bi
ota
& a
re
even
tual
ly r
epla
ced
by o
aks,
hic
kori
es a
nd/o
r pi
nes;
Inva
sive
enc
roac
hmen
t es
peci
ally
from
Mul
tifl o
ra
Ros
e an
d Ja
pane
se S
tilt
gras
s.
Wax
-Myr
tle
Shru
b Sw
amp
Supp
orts
unc
omm
on p
lant
spe
cies
& a
ssoc
iate
d ra
re
inve
rteb
rate
s, b
ut r
efug
e co
ntai
ns o
nly
a sm
all p
orti
on o
f thi
s co
mm
unit
y ty
pe (6
7 ac
res)
; Tar
get
Roc
s: C
atoc
ala
mul
ierc
ula
by s
ecur
ing
the
heal
th o
f hos
t pl
ant
(Wax
-myr
tle)
.
Hab
itat
loss
& d
egra
dati
on; I
nvas
ive
spec
ies
encr
oach
men
t es
peci
ally
Phr
agm
ites
& M
ile-A
-M
inut
e; M
osqu
ito
Adu
ltic
ide
Use
Wat
er-W
illow
Shr
ub S
wam
pC
omm
unit
y do
min
ated
by
broa
d-le
aved
dec
iduo
us s
hrub
D
ecod
on v
erti
cilla
tus
& a
ssoc
iate
d w
/ Pea
t-B
og c
omm
unit
ies.
R
efug
e co
ntai
ns o
nly
a sm
all p
orti
on o
f thi
s ha
bita
t-ty
pe. T
arge
t R
ocs:
Mig
rato
ry la
ndbi
rds
& w
ater
fow
l.
Salt
wat
er in
trus
ion
& in
vasi
ve s
peci
es
encr
oach
men
t.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-26
Hab
itat
Typ
eR
easo
ns f
or R
anki
ngL
imit
ing
Fac
tors
/Thr
eats
PR
IOR
ITY
II
HA
BIT
AT
S (c
ont.
)
III.
F
ores
ted
and
Em
erge
nt W
etla
nds
(con
t.)
Bra
ckis
h T
idal
Cre
ek S
hrub
Sw
amp
Con
nect
ed t
o hi
gh &
low
sal
t m
arsh
. Tar
get
Roc
s: P
rair
ie
war
bler
, sho
rt-e
ared
ow
l, se
dge
wre
n, c
oast
al p
lain
sw
amp
spar
row
.
Hea
vy s
alt
spra
y &
tid
al fl
oodi
ng fr
om s
ever
e st
orm
s ca
n ca
use
die-
back
in s
hrub
laye
rs;
Phr
agm
ites
enc
roac
hmen
t.
Ear
ly S
ucce
ssio
nal U
plan
d H
abit
ats
Sem
i-nat
ural
Nor
thea
st S
ucce
ssio
nal S
hrub
& F
allo
w
agri
cult
ural
fi el
ds. T
arge
t R
ocs:
Pra
irie
War
bler
, Blu
e w
inge
d w
arbl
er, B
row
n th
rash
er, E
aste
rn T
owee
, Fie
ld S
parr
ow,
Nor
ther
n B
obw
hite
, Whi
p-po
or-w
ill,
Wil
low
Fly
catc
her,
Woo
dcoc
k, P
apai
pem
a m
arit
ime
S1- m
arit
ime
sunfl
ow
er
bore
r m
oth,
mig
rati
ng w
arbl
ers
and
othe
r la
ndbi
rds.
Inva
sive
spe
cies
enc
roac
hmen
t; L
ack
of h
abit
at
man
ipul
atio
ns (F
ire,
Mow
ing,
Hyd
ro-a
xe) t
o se
t ba
ck s
ucce
ssio
n.
• A
mer
ican
Oys
terc
atch
er is
a s
tate
end
ange
red
spec
ies.
Hor
sesh
oe c
rabs
hav
e be
en li
sted
as
a se
nsit
ive
& s
igni
fi can
t D
elaw
are
keys
tone
spe
cies
, &
ASM
FC
-list
ed s
peci
es w
/ MA
FM
C F
ishe
ry M
anag
emen
t P
lan
& T
NC
Eco
regi
on t
arge
t sp
ecie
s. R
ed K
not,
San
derl
ing,
Whi
mbr
el &
Bea
ch D
une
Tig
er
Bee
tle
are
Tie
r 1
liste
d sp
ecie
s in
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n P
lan
(DW
AP-
2005
).
• T
ier
1 sp
ecie
s as
iden
tifi e
d by
the
sta
te a
re t
hose
spe
cies
tha
t ar
e in
nee
d of
imm
edia
te c
onse
rvat
ion
acti
on in
ord
er t
o su
stai
n or
res
tore
the
ir p
opul
a-ti
ons.
Tie
r 1
spec
ies
are
the
maj
or fo
cus
of t
he D
WA
P (D
elaw
are
Wild
life
Act
ion
Pla
n) w
hich
is b
ased
on
anal
yzin
g th
reat
s th
at im
pact
the
ir p
opul
atio
ns
and
habi
tats
, and
on
deve
lopi
ng c
onse
rvat
ion
acti
ons
to e
limin
ate,
com
pens
ate
or m
inim
ize
iden
tifi e
d th
reat
s.
D-27
App
endi
x D
-6. P
rior
ity
Res
ourc
es o
f C
once
rn f
or P
rim
e H
ook
NW
R
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Am
eric
an O
yste
rcat
cher
Um
brel
la s
peci
es f
or
all b
reed
ing
shor
ebir
ds
depe
nden
t on
Ove
rwas
h an
d B
each
Hab
itat
s.
BA
RR
IER
BE
AC
H
ISL
AN
D H
AB
ITA
TS
• O
verw
ash
Gra
ssla
nd
Dun
es•
Atl
anti
c C
oast
al
Inte
rdun
e Sw
ale
Bre
edin
g: N
est
in c
oast
al h
abit
ats
wit
h lit
tle
vege
tati
ve
cove
r, m
ostl
y sa
ndy
beac
hes,
or
blow
out
area
s in
dun
es.
The
y fe
ed o
n in
vert
ebra
tes
foun
d in
ove
rwas
h ha
bita
ts a
nd/
or w
rack
pile
s at
the
hig
h ti
de li
ne.
Pip
ing
Plo
ver,
Red
Kno
t, R
uddy
Tu
rnst
one,
Bla
ck-b
illie
d P
love
r, B
lack
Ski
mm
er, G
reat
-bla
ck-
back
ed g
ull,
Am
eric
an B
lack
D
uck,
Will
et,
Com
mon
ter
n, F
orst
er’s
ter
n,
Lea
st t
ern,
Com
mon
nig
ht-
haw
k, E
aste
rn t
owhe
e, S
avan
nah
spar
row,
Dia
mon
d B
ack
Terr
apin
, H
orse
shoe
Cra
b, M
igra
ting
an
d W
inte
ring
wat
erfo
wl a
nd
wad
ing
bird
s, r
are
stat
e lis
ted
inve
rteb
rate
& n
ativ
e pl
ant
spec
ies.
Sand
erli
ng M
igra
tion
/Win
teri
ng: F
eed
on s
mal
l cra
bs, a
quat
ic a
nd
terr
estr
ial i
nver
tebr
ates
in s
andy
bea
ches
and
/or
dune
ov
erw
ash
area
s.
Whi
mbr
elM
igra
tion
: San
dy b
each
, tid
al fl
ats,
sho
relin
es a
nd w
et o
pen
fi eld
s. F
ood
– pr
imar
ily m
arin
e in
vert
ebra
tes
and
smal
l cr
abs.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-28
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Bea
ch D
une
Tig
er B
eetl
e (C
icin
dela
hir
tico
llis)
Key
ston
e an
d In
dica
tor
spec
ies
of h
ealt
hy S
andy
B
each
and
Dun
e G
rass
land
H
abit
ats.
Life
His
tory
: Lar
val b
urro
ws
are
shal
low
(8-2
0 cm
) in
sand
y so
ils w
here
sub
surf
ace
soil
is c
onst
antl
y m
oist
. The
y ov
er w
inte
r as
eit
her
adul
t or
a la
rva.
Adu
lts
are
acti
ve
from
Apr
il-O
ct. w
ith
2 pe
aks:
Apr
il to
late
Jun
e an
d ea
rly
Aug
ust
– Se
ptem
ber.
Fem
ales
tha
t ov
ipos
t in
late
Jun
e or
Ju
ly h
ave
thei
r la
rvae
rea
chin
g th
e th
ird
inst
ar s
tage
by
late
Se
ptem
ber.
The
y on
ly o
ccur
in s
andy
bea
ch h
abit
ats
or in
ov
erw
ash
area
s (v
ery
unco
mm
on in
De)
wit
h hi
gh r
ates
of
eros
ion
and
low
pla
nt d
ensi
ty. T
heir
tig
ht a
ssoc
iati
on w
ith
patc
hily
dis
trib
uted
, ear
ly s
ucce
ssio
nal,
sand
y ar
eas
mak
es
them
exc
elle
nt k
eyst
one
orga
nism
s fo
r ba
rrie
r be
ach
isla
nd
habi
tats
. W
ithi
n D
elaw
are’
s na
tura
l lan
dsca
pe, C
icin
dela
hi
rtic
olli
s al
so c
onsi
dere
d an
indi
cato
r sp
ecie
s of
goo
d qu
alit
y be
ach
com
mun
itie
s (b
each
and
pan
icgr
ass)
dun
e gr
assl
and
asso
ciat
ions
.
Mig
rato
ry S
hore
bird
s de
pend
ent
on o
verw
ash
dune
gr
assl
ands
• Ir
regu
larl
y F
lood
ed
Eas
tern
Tid
al S
alt
Shru
b•
Mar
itim
e R
ed C
edar
W
oodl
and
• Su
cces
sion
al
Mar
itim
e F
ores
t
Fee
ding
and
roo
stin
g ha
bita
ts d
urin
g M
ay a
nd J
une
mig
rati
onal
per
iod
and
July
thr
ough
Oct
ober
mig
rati
on.
Mig
rato
ry L
andb
irds
de
pend
ent
on M
arit
ime
Shru
b, R
ed C
edar
W
oodl
and,
and
Suc
cess
iona
l M
arit
ime
For
est
Fee
ding
and
roo
stin
g ha
bita
ts d
urin
g sp
ring
and
fall
mig
rati
onal
per
iods
.
Lit
tle
Wif
e U
nder
win
g (C
atoc
ala
mul
ierc
ula)
Indi
cato
r sp
ecie
s of
he
alth
y Ir
regu
larl
y fl o
oded
E
aste
rn t
idal
sal
t sh
rub
and
Red
Ced
ar W
oodl
and
com
mun
itie
s.
Res
iden
t St
ate
Rec
ord:
Hos
t pl
ant
is s
outh
ern
bayb
erry
(M
orel
la c
erif
era)
. Sta
te r
ecom
men
ds c
onse
rvin
g al
l co
mm
unit
ies
wit
h a
sign
ifi ca
nt c
ompo
nent
of h
ost
plan
t re
pres
enta
tive
of i
rreg
ular
ly fl
oode
d ea
ster
n ti
dal s
alt
shru
b.
D-29
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Del
mar
va f
ox s
quir
rel
Um
brel
la S
peci
es f
or
larg
e pa
tche
s of
mix
ed
hard
woo
d fo
rest
hab
itat
s,
fore
st in
teri
or d
wel
ling
so
ngbi
rds,
and
mig
rato
ry
land
bird
s.
FO
RE
STE
D U
PL
AN
D
HA
BIT
AT
S (
775
acre
s)•
Sout
hern
Red
Oak
/H
eath
For
est
• M
esic
Coa
stal
Pla
in
Oak
For
est
• M
id-A
tlan
tic
Coa
stal
P
lain
Lob
lolly
Pin
e F
ores
t•
Nor
ther
n C
oast
al
Pla
in M
esic
H
ardw
ood
For
est
• M
id-A
tlan
tic
Mes
ic
Mix
ed H
ardw
ood
For
est
• Su
cces
sion
al
Swee
tgum
• N
orth
ern
Coa
stal
P
lain
Bas
ic M
esic
H
ardw
ood
For
est
• Po
nd P
ine
Woo
dlan
d
Bot
h up
land
and
bot
tom
land
fore
sts
are
occu
pied
; Upl
and
fore
st m
ust
cont
ain
a va
riet
y of
nut
-bea
ring
(har
dwoo
ds)
and
seed
-bea
ring
tre
es (l
oblo
lly);
Mat
ure
fore
st s
tand
s al
so
cont
ain
over
-age
tre
es b
eari
ng h
ollo
ws
for
den
site
s; W
inte
r F
ood
Res
ourc
es: H
ard
mas
t pr
oduc
tion
– (H
SI m
odel
de
scri
bes
pote
ntia
l for
opt
imum
mas
t pr
oduc
tion
will
occ
ur
whe
re a
mix
of w
hite
and
red
oak
s, h
icko
ries
, wal
nuts
and
ot
her
mas
t pr
oduc
ing
tree
s co
mpr
ise
at le
ast
40%
of t
otal
ca
nopy
cov
er ;
wit
h m
ast
prod
ucin
g tr
ees
> 1
5 db
h. A
s tr
ee
cano
py c
losu
re in
crea
ses
(> 6
0%),
mas
t qu
alit
y an
d qu
anti
ty is
red
uced
due
to
supp
ress
ion
and
shad
ing
of t
ree
crow
ns b
y ad
jace
nt t
rees
. O
ptim
um c
anop
y cl
osur
e be
twee
n 20
% t
o 60
% .
Can
opy
clos
ure
less
tha
n 20
% o
r gr
eate
r th
an 6
0 %
is in
dica
tive
of
less
sui
tabl
e ha
bita
t fo
r D
FS.
Gen
eral
ly, u
nder
stor
y ve
geta
tion
com
pris
ed o
f shr
ubs
can
decr
ease
hab
itat
qua
lity.
O
ptim
um c
ondi
tion
s oc
cur
whe
n sh
rub
crow
n cl
osur
e is
30%
or
less
. Hab
itat
qua
lity
will
dec
reas
e as
the
shr
ub d
ensi
ty
incr
ease
s ab
ove
30%
reg
ardl
ess
of t
ree
cano
py c
losu
re a
nd
over
stor
y si
ze.
Fro
sted
elfi
n, M
arbl
ed u
nder
win
g,
Tear
ful u
nder
win
g, N
octu
id m
oths
(Z
eta
met
ata
& m
etat
oide
s),
Am
eric
an R
ed S
tart
, Blu
e-w
inge
d W
arbl
er, W
orm
-eat
ing
War
bler
, E
aste
rn w
ood
pew
ee, W
illow
fl y
catc
her,
Eas
tern
pho
ebe,
L
ouis
iana
wat
erth
rush
, Eas
tern
to
whe
e, B
alti
mor
e or
iole
, Chu
ck
will
’s w
idow
,R
ed-b
ellie
d w
oodp
ecke
r, D
owny
w
oodp
ecke
r, H
airy
woo
dpec
ker,
Red
-hea
ded
woo
dpec
ker,
Coo
per’
s H
awk,
Red
-tai
led
haw
k,
Bar
red
owl,
Silv
er-h
aire
d ba
t,
Eas
tern
Red
bat
, Hoa
ry b
at,
Coy
ote,
Dee
r, Tu
rkey
, E
aste
rn
box
turt
le, F
ive-
lined
ski
nk,
Cor
n sn
ake,
Red
sal
aman
der
and
othe
r na
tive
rep
tile
s &
am
phib
ians
.
Woo
d T
hrus
h N
es t
Loc
atio
n/Ty
pe:
Can
opy/
Ope
n C
upF
eedi
ng L
ocat
ion
= C
anop
y
Bre
edin
g: M
atur
e de
cidu
ous
or m
ixed
(oak
/pin
e) fo
rest
s,
pref
erab
ly la
te-s
ucce
ssio
nal,
mes
ic fo
rest
s w
ith
a m
oder
atel
y de
nse
shru
b-su
bcan
opy
laye
r, m
oist
soi
l and
leaf
lit
ter.
Tre
es t
alle
r th
an (5
0 fe
et),
fair
ly o
pen
wit
h su
bstr
ate
moi
stur
e m
ore
impo
rtan
t th
an c
anop
y co
ver.
Pro
babi
lity
of
occu
rren
ce in
crea
ses
wit
h fo
rest
pat
ch s
ize
to a
max
imum
of
500
(ha)
(123
5 ac
res)
but
doe
s oc
cur
in fr
agm
ents
as
smal
l as
25 a
cres
.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-30
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Bla
ck a
nd W
hite
War
bler
Nes
t L
ocat
ion/
Type
: G
roun
d/O
pen
Cup
Fee
ding
Loc
atio
n: C
anop
y at
m
id-s
tory
.
Bre
edin
g: A
rea
sens
itiv
e sp
ecie
s th
at n
ests
in m
atur
e an
d se
cond
-gro
wth
moi
st d
ecid
uous
and
mix
ed h
ardw
ood
fore
sts.
Hig
hly
sens
itiv
e to
fore
st fr
agm
enta
tion
req
uiri
ng
bloc
ks >
740
acr
es (2
99 h
a).
Scar
let
Tan
ager
Nes
t L
ocat
ion/
Type
: C
anop
y/O
pen
Cup
Fee
ding
Loc
atio
n =
Can
opy
Nes
ts in
mat
ure
deci
duou
s fo
rest
, mix
ed s
wam
p an
d fl o
odpl
ain
fore
sts
and
rich
moi
st u
plan
d fo
rest
s; P
refe
rs o
ak
tree
s >
9 in
ch d
bh, w
ith
rela
tive
ly c
lose
d ca
nopy
, a d
ense
un
ders
tory
wit
h a
high
div
ersi
ty o
f shr
ubs;
min
imum
fore
st
area
nee
ded
to s
usta
in a
via
ble
popu
lati
on fr
om 1
0-15
ha.
In
Mar
ylan
d, 5
0% o
ccur
renc
e is
rea
ched
for
fore
st p
atch
es o
f 15
ha
but
100
ha (2
50 a
cres
) has
bee
n su
gges
ted
as o
ptim
al
patc
h si
ze.
Yel
low
-thr
oate
d V
ireo
Nes
t =
Can
opy/
Ope
n C
upF
ee di
ng L
ocat
ion:
Hig
h in
ca
nopy
Nes
ts in
ric
h m
esop
hyti
c de
cidu
ous
fore
st s
imila
r to
Sca
rlet
Ta
nage
r br
eedi
ng h
abit
at r
equi
rem
ents
.
Ken
tuck
y W
arbl
erN
es t
=U
nder
stor
y or
gr
ound
/Ope
n C
upF
ee di
ng L
ocat
ion
= G
roun
d
Bre
edin
g H
abit
ats
incl
ude
mes
ophy
tic
and
rich
dec
iduo
us
fore
st, s
econ
dary
gro
wth
and
sw
amps
wit
h a
slig
htly
ope
n ca
nopy
, den
se u
nder
stor
y an
d w
ell-d
evel
oped
gro
und
cove
r.
Gre
at C
rest
ed F
lyca
tche
rN
es t
= S
nag/
Cav
ity
Fee
ding
Loc
atio
n =
Gro
und
Mat
ure
deci
duou
s an
d m
ixed
dec
iduo
us-c
onife
rous
fore
st
near
sw
amps
and
ope
n w
ater
are
as b
ut m
ore
tole
rant
of
fore
st fr
agm
enta
tion
. Acc
epts
a w
ide
rang
e of
ope
n to
m
oder
atel
y cl
osed
can
opy
situ
atio
ns.
Nor
ther
n F
lick
erN
es t
Loc
atio
n =
Sna
g/C
avit
yF
ee di
ng L
ocat
ion
= S
ub-
cano
py
Ope
n w
oodl
ands
and
edg
es o
f mat
ure
fore
st a
nd o
r op
en
area
s w
ith
dead
tre
es. D
eclin
ing
Flic
ker
popu
lati
ons
mos
tly
due
to lo
ss o
f sui
tabl
e ne
stin
g si
tes
(dea
d tr
ees)
.
D-31
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Whi
p-po
or-w
ill
Nes
t L
ocat
ion:
Gro
und/
Scra
peF
ee di
ng L
ocat
ion:
Spa
rse
unde
rsto
ry a
nd o
pen
area
s.
Dec
iduo
us a
nd m
ixed
upl
and
fore
st a
djac
ent
to o
pen
area
s (fi
elds
, wet
land
s or
ope
n w
ater
) wit
h w
ell s
pace
d tr
ees
and
a lo
w c
anop
y. U
ncom
mon
in m
atur
e fo
rest
, pre
fers
eve
n-ag
ed s
ucce
ssio
nal h
abit
ats
from
reg
ener
atio
n to
pol
e-st
age
stan
ds. D
ata
sugg
est
that
ave
rage
hom
e ra
nge
(~ 1
25 a
cres
or
50
ha) a
nd m
ost
hom
e ra
nges
con
tain
50%
ope
n ha
bita
t.
Bay
-bre
aste
d W
arbl
er &
M
igra
tory
Lan
dbir
dsM
igra
tion
: Sea
sona
l fru
givo
res;
Man
y m
atur
e fo
rest
br
eede
rs u
se e
arly
suc
cess
iona
l hab
itat
s du
ring
pos
t br
eedi
ng p
erio
ds w
ith
tall
cano
pies
(shr
ub-s
aplin
g ca
nopi
es)
that
pro
vide
str
uctu
red
reso
urce
s fo
r pr
otec
tion
from
aer
ial
pred
ator
s an
d m
icro
habi
tats
wit
h pl
enti
ful f
ruit
and
inse
ct
food
res
ourc
es. R
adar
stu
dies
hav
e de
mon
stra
ted
that
re
fuge
fore
sted
upl
and
area
s ar
e cr
itic
al s
topo
ver
habi
tats
fo
r fa
ll m
igra
ting
son
gbir
ds o
n D
elm
arva
Pen
insu
la.
Bal
d E
agle
Bre
edin
g: U
plan
d m
atur
e de
cidu
ous,
con
ifero
us o
r m
ixed
fo
rest
nea
r fi s
habl
e w
ater
s. C
oast
al lo
cati
on o
f PH
NW
R
mak
es a
nadr
omou
s fi s
h sp
ecie
s im
port
ant
food
item
s in
sp
ring
and
sum
mer
, and
larg
e nu
mbe
rs o
f wat
erfo
wl a
re
mos
t im
port
ant
prey
in fa
ll an
d w
inte
r.W
inte
ring
: Con
greg
ate
in la
rge
tree
s w
ith
stou
t br
anch
es,
prot
ecti
on fr
om s
torm
win
ds a
nd s
eclu
sion
from
hum
an
acti
vity
.
Lon
g-ho
rned
bee
tle
(Pri
onus
lati
colli
s)In
dica
tor
Spec
ies
of m
atur
e, h
ealt
hy, d
iver
se h
ardw
ood
fore
st.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-32
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Aca
dian
Fly
catc
her
FO
RE
STE
D
WE
TL
AN
D
HA
BIT
AT
S (1
,238
ac
res)
• R
ed M
aple
/Sea
side
A
lder
Sw
amp
• C
oast
al P
lain
D
epre
ssio
n Sw
amp
• A
tlan
tic
Whi
te
Ced
ar/S
easi
de A
lder
Sa
tura
ted
For
est
• Sw
amp
Cot
tonw
ood
Coa
stal
Pla
in P
ond
Hab
itat
gen
eral
ist
in m
atur
e w
et o
r m
oist
dec
iduo
us fo
rest
s w
ith
dens
e un
ders
tory
. Bre
eds
in la
rge
trac
ts o
f mat
ure
mes
ic fo
rest
pat
ches
wit
h sh
rubb
y un
ders
tory
nea
r cr
eek
or s
trea
m; o
ften
ass
ocia
ted
wit
h sw
amps
sur
roun
ded
by d
ry
fore
st t
ract
s.
Del
mar
va F
ox S
quir
rel’s
cri
tica
l la
te w
inte
r an
d ea
rly
spri
ng
feed
ing
habi
tats
; B
lack
-cro
wn
and
Yello
w-c
row
ned
nigh
t he
rons
; W
ood
Thr
ush,
Nor
ther
n Pa
rula
, A
mer
ican
red
star
t, W
orm
-eat
ing
war
bler
, Ken
tuck
y w
arbl
er, r
are
oblig
ate
amph
ibia
n sp
ecie
s lik
e C
arpe
nter
Fro
g an
d C
ope’
s G
ray
Tree
frog
, Eas
tern
Rib
bon
Snak
e,
Rou
gh G
reen
Sna
ke, E
aste
rn
Spad
efoo
t, W
ood
duck
, oth
er
com
mon
rep
tile
and
am
phib
ian
spec
ies.
Pro
thon
otar
y W
arbl
erB
reed
ing:
Req
uire
s sw
ampy
low
land
fore
st o
r pa
lust
rine
w
oods
nea
r st
andi
ng w
ater
, esp
ecia
lly m
atur
e bo
ttom
land
ha
rdw
ood
fore
sts
subj
ecte
d to
fl oo
ding
; Req
uire
s va
riet
y of
na
tura
l cav
itie
s (2
to
35 fe
et h
igh)
ove
r w
ater
.
Yel
low
-thr
oate
d V
ireo
Mat
ure
fl ood
plai
n fo
rest
s an
d/or
moi
st r
ich
upla
nd o
aks
(20-
60 fe
et) t
all;
will
als
o us
e de
cidu
ous-
coni
fero
us fo
rest
edg
e;
Fee
ds e
xten
sive
ly o
n m
oth
and
butt
erfl y
larv
ae in
can
opy
of
mat
ure
woo
ds.
Mig
rato
ry L
andb
irds
Rad
ar s
tudi
es s
how
ed t
hat
refu
ge fo
rest
ed w
etla
nd a
reas
pr
ovid
e cr
itic
al s
topo
ver
habi
tats
for
song
bird
s (e
sp.
war
bler
s &
spa
rrow
s) d
urin
g sp
ring
mig
rati
on u
p th
e D
elm
arva
Pen
insu
la.
D-33
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Bla
ck R
ail
SAL
T M
AR
SH
HA
BIT
AT
S (
2,20
0 ac
res)
• N
orth
Atl
anti
c H
igh
Mar
sh•
Nor
th A
tlan
tic
Low
M
arsh
• Ir
regu
larl
y fl o
oded
E
aste
rn t
idal
Sal
t Sh
rub
• Sa
lt P
anne
s
Bre
edin
g: C
oast
al s
alt
and
brac
kish
mar
sh a
reas
whe
re
nest
s ar
e pl
aced
in h
igh
salt
mar
sh fl
oode
d du
ring
ext
rem
e hi
gh t
ides
. Nes
ts p
lace
d in
are
as d
omin
ated
by
salt
hay
(S
part
ina
pate
ns).
The
se a
reas
may
als
o co
ntai
n sp
ike
gras
s (D
isti
chli
s sp
icat
a), b
lack
rus
h (J
uncu
s ge
rard
i), o
r m
arsh
el
der
(Iva
frut
esce
ns).
Low
sal
t m
arsh
hab
itat
s do
min
ated
by
sal
t-m
arsh
cor
dgra
ss (S
. alt
erni
fl ora
) ar
e le
ss fa
vora
ble.
Det
ritu
s co
nsum
ers
and
smal
l ca
rniv
ores
: cop
epod
s, in
sect
la
rvae
, gra
ss s
hrim
p, m
ysid
s,
amph
ipod
s, n
emat
odes
, fi d
dles
r cr
abs,
biv
alve
mol
lusk
s;
shee
pshe
ad a
nd o
ther
min
now
fi s
h sp
ecie
s, le
af h
oppe
rs, s
easi
de
drag
onfl y
, oth
er in
sect
spe
cies
, C
omm
on t
ern,
Kin
g ra
il, S
ora,
P
ied-
bille
d gr
ebe,
Bla
ck-n
ecke
d-st
ilt, S
edge
wre
n, M
arsh
wre
n,
Am
eric
an b
itte
rn, N
orth
ern
harr
ier,
Pere
grin
e fa
lcon
, Mar
sh
rice
rat
and
oth
er s
mal
l mam
mal
s,
shor
t-ea
red
and
barn
ow
ls,;
Cla
pper
Rai
lB
reed
ing:
Pre
ferr
ed h
abit
at is
Spa
rtin
a m
arsh
and
ten
d to
co
ncen
trat
e al
ong
tida
l cre
eks;
Nes
ts a
re u
sual
ly in
den
se
cove
r ne
ar w
ater
and
bui
lt w
ell a
bove
hig
h ti
de m
ark;
Die
t >
90%
ani
mal
mat
ter,
mos
tly
para
siti
c w
orm
s (A
scar
idae
), cl
am w
orm
s (N
erei
s Sp
p.),
shri
mp
(Pal
aem
onet
es S
pp.)
, sn
ails
(Lit
tori
na &
Mel
ampu
s Sp
p.),
fi dd
ler
crab
s (U
ca
Spp.
) an
d fi s
h (F
undu
lus
Spp.
) bu
t fi d
dler
cra
bs is
the
mos
t im
port
ant
food
ass
ocia
ted
wit
h sm
ooth
cor
dgra
ss. T
all f
orm
S.
alt
erni
fora
alo
ng d
itch
es a
nd d
itch
ed p
onds
pro
vide
the
be
st b
reed
ing
habi
tats
.
Lea
st T
ern
Bre
edin
g: R
equi
re o
pen
sand
, soi
l, or
dri
ed m
ud in
pro
xim
ity
of a
n es
tuar
y, r
iver
or
tida
l cre
ek. N
ests
are
loca
ted
in a
reas
of
spa
rse
vege
tati
on a
nd w
ill n
ot n
est
in a
reas
wit
h >
20%
ve
geta
tion
cov
er o
r in
are
as o
f tal
l veg
etat
ion.
Nes
ting
sit
es
char
acte
rize
d as
uns
tabl
e ar
eas
crea
ted
and
mai
ntai
ned
by
tida
l act
ion
or fl
oodi
ng w
ith
food
req
uire
men
ts r
elat
ed t
o ab
unda
nce
and
acce
ssib
ility
of s
mal
l fi s
h.
Gul
l-bi
lled
ter
nB
reed
ing:
In
sand
y be
ache
s an
d sa
ltw
ater
coa
stal
are
as;
fora
ges
over
sal
t m
arsh
es a
nd o
ther
ope
n co
asta
l are
as
mos
tly
for
inse
cts
& s
mal
l fi s
h.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-34
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Bla
ck s
kim
mer
sB
reed
ing:
Coa
stal
bea
ch, s
andb
ars,
and
/or
salt
mar
sh; f
eeds
on
aqu
atic
inve
rteb
rate
s an
d sm
all fi
sh.
Whi
mbr
elM
igra
tion
: Use
wet
land
s, s
alt
mar
sh h
abit
ats
and
mud
fl ats
at
low
tid
e; m
igra
ting
and
win
teri
ng d
iets
incl
ude
wor
ms,
gr
ubs,
fi dd
ler
crab
s an
d ot
her
aqua
tic
orga
nism
s.
Wil
let
Bre
edin
g: I
n sa
lt m
arsh
es, s
hallo
w b
rack
ish
mar
shes
, wet
m
eado
ws,
mud
fl ats
, and
/or
nati
ve g
rass
land
hab
itat
s.
Shar
p-ta
iled
Spa
rrow
Bre
eds
excl
usiv
ely
in h
igh
salt
mar
sh; S
igni
fi can
t m
icro
habi
tat
char
acte
rist
ics
of b
reed
ing
popu
lati
ons
incl
ude:
1)
sui
tabl
e el
evat
ed n
est
site
s w
here
the
re is
a d
eep
laye
r of
Spa
rtin
a pa
tens
tha
tch
to p
rote
ct n
ests
from
per
iodi
c ti
dal a
nd s
torm
fl oo
ding
& 2
) nea
rby
open
ings
in v
eget
atio
n,
pool
s, p
anne
s or
dit
ch e
dges
and
ope
n m
ud fo
r fo
ragi
ng;
Opt
imum
hab
itat
con
tain
s ne
stin
g an
d fe
edin
g m
icro
habi
tats
in
clo
se p
roxi
mit
y. J
uncu
s ge
rard
i is
a go
od in
dica
tor
of t
he
very
bes
t sa
ltm
arsh
sha
rp-t
aile
d ha
bita
t.
Seas
ide
Spar
row
Key
ston
e an
d in
dica
tor
spec
ies
of h
ealt
hy S
part
ina
Hig
h an
d L
ow S
alt
Mar
sh.
Salt
mar
sh s
peci
alis
ts a
nd in
dica
tor
spec
ies
of s
alt
mar
sh
ecos
yste
m h
ealt
h; W
ider
hab
itat
tol
eran
ce t
han
shar
p-ta
il sp
arro
w; a
lso
foun
d ne
stin
g in
low
sal
t m
arsh
are
as n
ot u
sed
by s
harp
-tai
ls. P
rese
nce
of t
all-f
orm
S. a
lter
nifl o
ra g
ood
indi
cato
r of
sea
side
spa
rrow
hab
itat
.
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
wam
p Sp
arro
wK
eyst
one
and
Indi
cato
r sp
ecie
s of
Nor
th A
tlan
tic
Hig
h M
arsh
, Mar
itim
e Sh
rub
and
Irre
gula
rly
Flo
oded
Eas
tern
Tid
al S
alt
Shru
b.
Mid
-Atl
anti
c w
etla
nd s
peci
alis
t br
eedi
ng fr
om M
ay t
o Se
ptem
ber.
Fav
ors
Spar
tina
Hig
h M
arsh
are
as w
ithi
n a
spec
ifi c
zone
of s
alin
ity
(< 1
5 pp
t) c
onsi
stin
g of
pat
ches
of
Hig
h T
ide
Bus
h (I
va fr
utes
cens
) wit
h an
und
erst
ory
of
salt
hay
(S. p
aten
s).
Oth
er p
lant
spe
cies
are
oft
en u
sed
as s
ingi
ng p
erch
es b
y m
ales
like
Spa
rtin
a. c
ynos
uroi
des.
T
idal
gut
s an
d br
acki
sh p
onds
als
o pr
esen
t w
ithi
n op
tim
al
bree
ding
hab
itat
s. P
atch
es o
f Sch
oeno
plec
tus
amer
ican
us
and
S. c
ynos
uroi
des
are
pred
icto
rs o
f gre
ates
t ne
st s
ucce
ss
whi
le I
va p
atch
es a
re m
argi
nal.
D-35
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Am
eric
an B
lack
Duc
kW
inte
ring
: Fou
r va
riab
les
limit
AB
DU
use
on
estu
arin
e op
en w
ater
(sub
tida
l & in
tert
idal
) hab
itat
s cr
itic
al fo
r lo
afi n
g, r
esti
ng, f
eedi
ng a
nd e
scap
e ha
bita
ts. T
hese
incl
ude
2 ph
ysic
al v
aria
bles
(wat
er d
epth
& p
rese
nce
of t
idal
fl at
s)
& 2
bio
logi
cal f
acto
rs (a
quat
ic p
lant
& c
lam
den
siti
es.
Opt
imal
sub
tida
l ope
n w
ater
is (<
1m
dee
p) w
ith
30%
to
70%
ava
ilabi
lity
of s
hallo
w t
idal
wat
ers
inte
rspe
rsed
wit
h ex
pose
d m
ud fl
at fe
edin
g ha
bita
ts r
angi
ng fr
om 2
0-60
%
cove
r. T
his
habi
tat
stru
ctur
e pr
ovid
es c
riti
cal a
nim
al fo
ods
in w
inte
r di
et (m
usse
ls, s
nails
, cla
ms,
cra
bs, a
mph
ipod
s &
de
capo
ds),
espe
cial
ly w
hen
impo
unde
d ha
bita
ts a
re c
over
ed
by s
now
or
ice.
Qua
lity
of w
ater
feed
ing
habi
tats
tha
t su
ppor
t ro
oted
vas
cula
r aq
uati
c pl
ant
beds
(>20
%) o
ccup
ied
by R
uppi
a an
d/or
Pot
amog
eton
are
bes
t. O
ptim
al in
vert
de
nsit
ies
in w
inte
ring
sal
t m
arsh
hab
itat
s =
>30
0 cl
ams/
m2 .
Am
eric
an B
lack
Duc
kIM
PO
UN
DE
D
FR
ESH
/BR
AC
KIS
H
WE
TL
AN
DS
(4
,200
ac
res)
Impo
unde
d m
arsh
es w
ith
asso
ciat
ed p
onds
and
cre
eks
also
pr
ovid
e fo
od a
nd p
rote
ctio
n fr
om s
torm
s, e
scap
e an
d re
stin
g co
ver.
Opt
imal
hem
i-mar
sh c
ondi
tion
s w
ith
>25
% e
mer
gent
ve
geta
tion
sup
port
ing
> 7
50 s
nails
/m2 ab
out
(= 7
0 sn
ails
/ft2 )
pr
efer
red.
Her
ons
& E
gret
s, O
spre
y, B
lack
-cr
owne
d ni
ght-
hero
n, G
ull-b
illed
te
rn, C
omm
on t
ern,
Mal
lard
, G
reen
-win
ged
teal
, Blu
e-w
inge
d te
al, R
ing-
neck
ed d
uck,
Nor
ther
n sh
ovel
er, A
mer
ican
wid
geon
, G
adw
all,
Woo
d du
ck, C
anad
a ge
ese,
sno
w g
eese
, Tun
dra
Swan
, B
ande
d Su
n F
ish,
Fou
r Sp
ine
Stic
kle
Bac
k, B
lack
-Ban
ded
Sun
Fis
h, C
omel
y Sh
iner
, Whi
te a
nd
Yello
w p
erch
.
Nor
ther
n P
inta
ilW
inte
ring
: Pre
fer
larg
e, o
pen
shal
low
mar
shes
wit
h ex
tens
ive
emer
gent
and
sub
mer
ged
vege
tati
on b
etw
een
5 –
30 c
m d
eep;
Fee
ds o
n pr
edom
inan
tly
nati
ve p
lant
se
eds
and
vege
tati
ve m
ater
ial;
Impo
rtan
t m
oist
-soi
l see
ds
incl
ude
barn
yard
gra
ss, s
edge
s, s
mar
twee
ds; i
mpo
rtan
t in
vert
ebra
te fo
ods
in w
inte
r in
clud
e sn
ails
, chi
rono
mid
s,
& b
eetl
e (C
oleo
pter
a la
rvae
); In
bra
ckis
h ha
bita
ts
wig
eong
rass
, alk
ali b
ulru
sh, s
ea p
ursl
ane
and
spik
e ru
sh
also
pro
vide
goo
d fo
od a
nd c
over
..
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-36
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Fal
l Mig
rati
ng &
W
inte
ring
Dab
blin
g D
ucks
Gre
ates
t de
nsit
ies
in la
cust
rine
, lit
tora
l, em
erge
nt,
nonp
ersi
sten
t w
etla
nds,
cha
ract
eriz
ed b
y be
ds o
f aqu
atic
ve
geta
tion
, em
erge
nt v
eget
atio
n, in
ters
pers
ed w
ith
open
w
ater
. Foo
d co
nsum
ptio
n m
ostl
y, p
lant
(75%
) foo
ds, w
ith
som
e an
imal
(25%
) foo
ds.
Spri
ng M
igra
ting
Dab
blin
g D
ucks
Hab
itat
Use
& S
tagi
ng A
reas
: Con
cent
rate
on
larg
er
wet
land
pat
ches
> 1
00 a
cres
, wit
h gr
eate
r co
nsum
ptio
n of
an
imal
(65%
) foo
ds t
o pl
ant
(35%
) foo
ds.
Snow
Gee
seSt
rate
gies
to
decr
ease
: Mod
ify R
efug
e up
land
hab
itat
m
anag
emen
t of
ope
n fi e
ld a
reas
by
redu
cing
the
acr
eage
in
agri
cult
ural
hab
itat
s in
favo
r of
mor
e na
tura
l hab
itat
s, t
o re
duce
Sno
w G
oose
use
, inc
reas
e m
igra
tory
land
bird
use
an
d b
enefi
t E
/T s
peci
es.
Vir
gini
a R
ail
Bre
edin
g: P
refe
rs fr
esh
or b
rack
ish
mar
shes
wit
h sh
allo
w
wat
er a
nd a
bund
ant
emer
gent
veg
etat
ion;
Con
stru
cts
nest
in
cat
tails
or
sedg
es ju
st a
bove
sha
llow
wat
er, c
over
ed w
ith
a lo
ose
cano
py o
f veg
etat
ion.
Att
ache
s ne
st t
o su
rrou
ndin
g ve
geta
tion
or
on a
clu
mp
of g
rass
or
tuss
ock.
Die
t in
clud
es
snai
ls, w
orm
s an
d oc
casi
onal
sm
all fi
sh.
For
ster
’s T
ern
Bre
edin
g: E
xten
sive
mar
shy
area
s (s
alt
to fr
eshw
ater
) w
ith
vege
tate
d ne
st s
ites
par
tly
open
to
wat
er; U
sual
ly
nest
s in
sm
all c
olon
ies
(1-1
0 bi
rds)
on
mat
s of
fl oa
ting
dea
d ve
geta
tion
, fl a
tten
ed c
atta
ils, m
uskr
at h
ouse
s ne
ar e
dges
of
ope
n w
ater
and
/or
shal
low
dep
ress
ion
in s
and
or m
ud;
Som
etim
es u
ses
aban
done
d ne
sts
of P
ied-
bille
d G
rebe
s;
Als
o Sp
arti
na g
rass
es a
re o
ften
impo
rtan
t co
mpo
nent
s of
ne
stin
g ha
bita
t as
the
y ar
e a
maj
or c
ompo
nent
of w
rack
and
pr
ovid
e es
cape
cov
er fo
r ch
icks
.
D-37
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Lea
st B
itte
rnB
reed
ing
and
win
teri
ng le
ast
bitt
erns
inha
bit
fres
hwat
er t
o br
acki
sh w
etla
nds,
wit
h de
nse
emer
gent
veg
etat
ion
such
as
catt
ail a
nd b
ulru
sh; P
atch
es o
f > 5
ha
wit
h ra
nk a
nd t
all (
>
1m) e
mer
gent
veg
etat
ion
over
rel
ativ
ely
deep
wat
er (3
0-70
cm
) int
ersp
erse
d w
ith
patc
hes
of o
pen
wat
er a
re r
equi
red
for
bree
ding
; Nes
ts u
sual
ly p
lace
d ov
er w
ater
or
near
op
en w
ater
; Die
t co
nsis
ts o
f fi s
h, t
adpo
les,
aqu
atic
inse
cts
and
aqua
tic
inse
cts.
Lea
st B
itte
rns
pref
er m
ore
dens
ely
vege
tate
d, d
eepe
r w
ater
hab
itat
s th
an A
mer
ican
bit
tern
s.
Am
eric
an B
itte
rnIn
com
pari
son
to t
he s
ympa
tric
Lea
st B
itte
rn, A
mer
ican
B
itte
rn u
ses
a w
ider
var
iety
of w
etla
nd c
over
typ
es.
Bre
edin
g: S
hallo
w fr
eshw
ater
wet
land
s w
ith
abun
dant
em
erge
nt v
eget
atio
n in
ters
pers
ed w
ith
patc
hes
of o
pen
wat
er a
nd a
quat
ic-b
ed v
eget
atio
n; R
eadi
ly u
se w
etla
nds
crea
ted
by im
poun
dmen
ts a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
wat
er d
epth
s <
10
cm w
ith
spar
se t
o de
nse
vege
tati
ve c
over
in p
atch
es
> 2
5 ha
. Sl
ow, i
ncom
plet
e dr
awdo
wn
of im
poun
dmen
ts
can
prom
ote
favo
rabl
e em
erge
nt v
eget
ativ
e ar
eas
wit
h ap
prop
riat
e w
ater
leve
ls, w
hile
mai
ntai
ning
pop
ulat
ions
of
smal
l fi s
h, a
mph
ibia
ns a
nd a
quat
ic in
vert
ebra
tes.
Dun
lin
Mig
rati
on: F
avor
s co
asta
l hab
itat
s w
ith
mud
fl ats
or
sand
fl a
ts, o
pen
beac
hes,
tid
al d
itch
es a
nd c
reek
s an
d fl o
oded
gr
assl
and;
Im
poun
ded
mud
fl at
habi
tats
wit
h w
ater
dep
ths
(0-4
cm
) and
inve
rteb
rate
den
siti
es >
4 g
m/m
2 .
Shor
t-bi
lled
Dow
itch
erM
igra
tion
: Sha
llow
poo
ls in
sal
t m
arsh
es, s
andy
bea
ches
or
impo
unde
d w
etla
nd m
udfl a
t ha
bita
ts w
ith
wat
er d
epth
ran
ge
from
2 t
o 8
cm a
nd a
quat
ic in
sect
den
siti
es >
4 g
m/m
2 .
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-38
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Am
eric
an A
voce
tSp
ring
/Fal
l Mig
rati
on: W
etla
nds
bord
ered
by
open
fl at
s or
ar
eas
wit
h sc
atte
red
tuft
s of
nat
ive
gras
ses
inte
rspe
rsed
w
ith
open
wat
er.
Gre
ater
/Les
ser
Yel
low
legs
Mig
rati
on: S
hallo
w fr
esh,
bra
ckis
h an
d sa
lt w
ater
s,
mud
fl ats
, tid
al fl
ats,
mar
shes
and
poo
ls, r
ain
pool
s in
fi el
ds,
and
dam
p gr
assy
mea
dow
s.
Riv
er H
erri
ng; I
mpo
rtan
t ec
olog
ical
rol
es in
fres
hwat
er
and
estu
arin
e fo
od w
ebs
occu
pyin
g le
vel b
etw
een
zoop
lank
ton
(the
ir p
rinc
ipal
fo
od) a
nd p
isci
vore
s. A
lew
ife
& B
lue-
Bac
k H
erri
ng:
Scho
ols
of r
iver
her
ring
ent
er e
stua
rine
& fr
eshw
ater
ha
bita
ts o
nce
a ye
ar t
o sp
awn
from
Mar
ch t
o Ju
ly. J
uven
ile
disp
ersa
l bac
k to
oce
an fr
om O
ct –
Nov
or
follo
win
g sp
ring
. H
abit
at C
over
Nee
ds: L
arge
cre
eks,
str
eam
s an
d po
nds
incl
udin
g ba
rrie
r be
ach
pond
s. S
paw
ning
sub
stra
tes
incl
ude
sand
, sof
t su
bstr
ates
, det
ritu
s an
d su
bmer
ged
vege
tati
on
wit
h sl
uggi
sh w
ater
fl ow
s an
d w
ater
dep
ths
from
15
cm t
o 3
m. F
ood
for
Lar
va &
Juv
enile
: Lar
vae
feed
on
cope
pods
; Yo
ung-
of-t
he y
ear
cons
ume
Chi
ronm
idae
unt
il Ju
ly,
swit
chin
g to
cla
doce
rans
in A
ugus
t to
Oct
ober
.
Am
eric
an E
elH
ighl
y m
igra
tory
wit
h sp
awni
ng a
nd la
rval
dev
elop
men
t an
d m
igra
tion
occ
urri
ng in
ope
n oc
ean;
Fee
ding
/gro
wth
(e
lver
s) o
ccur
ring
in e
stua
rine
and
fres
hwat
er h
abit
ats,
wit
h m
igra
tion
of a
dult
s ou
t to
oce
an a
gain
(Cat
adro
mou
s L
ife
Cyc
le).
Gla
ss e
els
mig
rate
into
est
uari
es a
nd fr
eshw
ater
ha
bita
ts a
nd m
etam
orph
ose
to e
lver
s. P
refe
rred
fres
hwat
er
habi
tats
incl
ude
lent
ic a
nd lo
tic
habi
tats
whe
re e
lver
s fe
ed
mos
tly
on in
vert
ebra
tes.
D-39
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Stri
ped
Bas
sA
dult
s m
igra
te in
ear
ly s
prin
g fr
om A
tlan
tic
Oce
an t
o fr
eshw
ater
hab
itat
s an
d ju
veni
les
mig
rate
bac
k to
oce
an in
2
– 5
year
s.N
urse
ry R
equi
rem
ents
& L
arva
e H
abit
at:
Surv
ival
of
larv
ae d
epen
ds o
n te
mpe
ratu
re, s
alin
ity
& D
. O. O
ptim
al
tem
ps (1
8 –
21o C
wit
h to
lera
nces
12
-23
o C) a
nd s
alin
ity
rang
es 2
to
10 p
pt. L
ow d
isso
lved
oxy
gen
caus
es la
rvae
m
orta
lity.
Lar
vae
food
incl
udes
mys
id s
hrim
p, a
mph
ipod
s an
d fi s
h up
to
20 m
m in
leng
th. J
uven
iles
feed
on
mys
ids
and
inse
cts.
Rar
e P
lant
Com
mun
itie
sIm
poun
ded
Fre
shw
ater
W
etla
nds
Mai
nten
ance
of I
mpo
undm
ent
Infr
astr
uctu
re (D
ikes
, wat
er
cont
rol s
truc
ture
s an
d du
nes)
to
cont
rol s
alt
wat
er in
trus
ion
and
set
back
suc
cess
ion
in im
poun
ded
wet
land
s.
See
HM
P fo
r ex
tens
ive
list
of r
are
plan
t co
mm
unit
ies
and
asso
ciat
ed
rare
faun
a de
pend
ent
on t
hese
co
mm
unit
ies.
Pra
irie
War
bler
Nes
t L
ocat
ion
= S
ubca
nopy
/O
pen
Cup
Fee
ding
Loc
atio
n:
Subc
anop
y
Ear
ly S
ucce
ssio
nal
Upl
and
Hab
itat
s•
Gra
ssla
nds
• Sh
rubl
ands
• Tr
ansi
tion
al
Shru
blan
d•
Youn
g Sh
rubl
and
• O
ld S
hrub
land
• T
rans
itio
nal
fore
sted
are
as in
sa
plin
gs
Opt
imal
bre
edin
g ha
bita
ts =
You
ng S
hrub
land
wit
h he
rbac
eous
veg
etat
ion
< 2
0 cm
(8 in
) tal
l wit
h pa
tche
s of
sp
arse
cov
er.
Oth
er a
ssoc
iate
d ha
bita
ts in
clud
e po
or s
oils
, br
ushy
dun
e ar
eas,
coa
stal
pin
e su
bclim
ax, b
urne
d-ov
er a
nd
cut-
over
are
as, f
allo
w fi
elds
wit
h sc
atte
red
tree
s, c
orri
dors
in
har
dwoo
d sw
amps
and
gra
ssla
nd-f
ores
t ec
oton
e.
Fro
sted
elfi
n, A
mer
ican
bur
ying
be
etle
, m
igra
ting
and
res
iden
t bu
tter
fl y s
peci
es,
othe
r ea
rly
upla
nd s
ucce
ssio
nal-d
epen
dent
in
vert
ebra
te s
peci
es, E
aste
rn b
ox
turt
le, M
ilk s
nake
, Sho
rt-e
ared
ow
l, N
orth
ern
Har
rier
, Com
mon
ni
ghth
awk,
Bla
ck-b
illed
and
ye
llow
bill
ed c
ucko
os, C
hest
nut-
side
d W
arbl
er, Y
ello
w W
arbl
er,
Chi
mne
y sw
ift,
Lea
st F
lyca
tche
r, E
aste
rn K
ingb
ird,
Yel
low
-br
east
ed C
hat,
Ves
per
Spar
row,
Sa
vann
ah S
parr
ow, G
rass
hopp
er
Spar
row,
Hen
slow
spa
rrow
, Bla
ck-
belli
ed P
love
r, M
igra
tory
Can
ada
gees
e, A
mer
ican
woo
dcoc
k, L
east
sh
rew,
rar
e pl
ant
spec
ies.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-40
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Blu
e-w
inge
d W
arbl
erN
e st
Loc
atio
n =
Vin
e Ta
ngle
/Ope
n C
upF
ee di
ng L
ocat
ion:
sub
cano
py
Mig
rati
ng: D
ense
gro
wth
nea
r bo
rder
s of
sw
amps
or
cree
ks,
woo
dlan
d ed
ges,
bru
shy
over
grow
n fi e
lds
and
thic
kets
. O
ptim
al b
reed
ing
habi
tat
= O
ld S
hrub
land
. Pre
fers
old
fi e
lds
wit
h sa
plin
gs g
reat
er t
han
3 m
tal
l.
Bro
wn
Thr
ashe
rN
es t
Loc
atio
n =
Gro
und/
Cup
Fee
ding
Loc
atio
n: S
ub-
cano
py
Opt
imal
bre
edin
g ha
bita
t =
You
ng S
hrub
land
. Oth
er
asso
ciat
ed h
abit
ats
b in
clud
e br
ushy
edg
es o
f woo
dlan
ds,
dry
thic
kets
, ove
rgro
wn
fi eld
s, e
arly
suc
cess
iona
l woo
dlan
ds,
fore
st e
coto
nes,
shr
ubby
und
ergr
owth
in o
pen
woo
ds.
Whi
p-po
or-w
ill
Nes
t L
ocat
ion:
Gou
nd/N
o ne
stF
ee di
ng L
ocat
ion:
ope
n ar
eas
Bre
edin
g st
ruct
ural
hab
itat
req
uire
-m
ents
incl
ude
Old
Shr
ubla
nd a
nd o
pen
woo
dlan
d, e
arly
su
cces
sion
al fo
rest
, bru
shy
fi eld
edg
es o
r de
cidu
ous
and/
or
mix
ed fo
rest
s w
ith
littl
e to
no
brus
hy u
nder
stor
y.
Wil
low
Fly
catc
her
Nes
t L
ocat
ion:
Sub
cano
py/
open
cup
Fee
ding
Loc
atio
n =
Can
opy
and
subc
anop
y
Opt
imal
bre
edin
g ha
bita
ts =
You
ng S
hrub
land
: Fai
rly
open
ar
eas
wit
h sc
atte
red
shru
bs. B
reed
ing
habi
tats
ran
ge fr
om
brus
hy fi
elds
, shr
ubby
sw
ales
to
open
woo
dlan
d ed
ges;
P
refe
rs e
dge
habi
tats
tha
t in
clud
e th
icke
ts o
r ar
eas
wit
h sm
all t
rees
and
shr
ubs
surr
ound
ed b
y gr
assl
ands
.
Eas
tern
Tow
hee
Nes
t L
ocat
ion:
Shr
ub/C
upF
ee di
ng L
ocat
ion:
Shr
ub/
Thi
cket
s
Opt
imal
bre
edin
g ha
bita
t =
You
ng S
hrub
land
: Hab
itat
in
clud
es d
ense
bru
shy
area
s, e
dges
of w
oods
, hed
gero
ws
and
road
thi
cket
s.
Fie
ld S
parr
owN
es t
Loc
atio
n =
Shr
ub o
r sa
plin
g/O
pen
Cup
Fee
ding
Loc
atio
n =
Shr
ub/
Thi
cket
s
Opt
imal
bre
edin
g ha
bita
t =
Tra
nsit
iona
l Shr
ubla
nd: H
abit
at
incl
udes
are
as w
ith
shor
t st
ruct
ured
gra
sses
wit
h sh
rubs
or
low
tre
es, b
rush
y he
dger
ows,
aba
ndon
ed fi
elds
whe
re b
riar
s an
d br
ush
star
ting
to
rege
nera
te.
D-41
Key
ston
e R
esou
rces
of
Con
cern
Lif
e H
isto
ry a
nd H
abit
at S
truc
ture
Req
uire
men
ts =
=
(Obj
ecti
ves)
Oth
er B
enefi
tin
g Sp
ecie
s
Foc
al S
peci
es o
r F
ocal
G
roup
Hab
itat
Typ
e =
(G
oals
)
Nor
ther
n B
obw
hite
Nes
t L
ocat
ion
= T
all
gras
slan
ds a
nd s
hallo
w
depr
essi
on li
ned
wit
h gr
ass
on g
roun
dF
ee di
ng L
ocat
ion
= G
roun
d in
ear
ly s
ucce
ssio
nal
habi
tats
Opt
imal
bre
edin
g ha
bita
t =
Gra
ssla
nd: V
arie
ty o
f ea
rly
succ
essi
onal
hab
itat
s in
clud
ing
nati
ve g
rass
land
s,
hedg
erow
s, w
oodl
ands
wit
h gr
ass
and
forb
s gr
ound
cov
er,
acti
ve a
nd fa
llow
cro
p fi e
lds.
Reg
ular
hab
itat
dis
turb
ance
cr
itic
al in
mai
ntai
ning
bob
whi
te h
abit
at. G
rass
land
co
mm
unit
y ty
pes
adja
cent
to
Tran
siti
onal
Shr
ubla
nds
wit
h de
fi ned
edg
es p
rovi
de id
eal n
esti
ng, b
rood
-rea
ring
, fee
ding
, lo
afi n
g, t
rave
l and
esc
ape
cove
r.
Hen
slow
’s S
parr
owU
mbr
ella
spe
cies
for
ent
ire
suit
e of
ear
ly s
ucce
ssio
nal,
gras
slan
d-de
pend
ent
spec
ies,
bot
h br
eedi
ng a
nd
mig
rati
ng.
Opt
imal
bre
edin
g ha
bita
t: P
atch
siz
es >
30
ha (7
5 ac
res)
in
mod
erat
ely
tall
gras
sy v
eget
atio
n (>
30
cm),
wit
h w
ell-d
evel
oped
litt
er la
yer
and
min
imal
woo
dy s
peci
es
encr
oach
men
t (<
20
%).
Pap
aipe
ma
mar
itim
a(S
1-M
arit
ime
Sunfl
ow
er
Bor
er M
oth)
; Thi
s sp
ecie
s is
tho
ught
to
repr
esen
t a
subs
peci
es n
ear
the
brin
k of
ext
irpa
tion
and
was
last
re
cord
ed in
Del
awar
e in
19
34.
Indi
cato
r sp
ecie
s of
he
alth
y ea
rly
sucs
essi
onal
gr
assl
and
habi
tats
.
Rar
est
anim
al s
peci
es fo
und
in s
tate
sur
veys
of R
efug
e ha
bita
ts (2
004-
2005
). Sp
ecie
s is
tot
ally
dep
ende
nt o
n th
e gi
ant
sunfl
ow
er (H
elia
nthu
s gi
gant
eus-
S3)
that
thr
ives
in
herb
aceo
us e
arly
suc
cess
iona
l hab
itat
s.
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-42
App
endi
x D
–Tab
le A
. Sp
ecie
s L
ist
and
Pri
orit
y R
efug
e H
abit
ats
for
Pri
me
Hoo
k N
atio
nal W
ildl
ife
Ref
uge
in
Mil
ton,
Del
awar
e of
the
Coa
stal
Del
awar
e N
atio
nal W
ildl
ife
Ref
uge
Com
plex
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
I. B
AR
RIE
R I
SLA
ND
BE
AC
H H
AB
ITA
TS
Ove
rwas
h D
unes
(Pri
orit
y I
Hab
itat
)X
X
Bea
chgr
ass/
Pani
cgra
ss D
une
Gra
ssla
nd (
Pri
orit
y I
)X
X
Atl
anti
c C
oast
Int
erdu
ne S
wal
e (P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Mar
itim
e R
ed C
edar
Woo
dlan
d (P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Mid
-Atl
anti
c M
arit
ime
Salt
Shr
ub (
Pri
orit
y II
)X
X
Succ
essi
onal
Mar
itim
e F
ores
t (P
rior
ity
II)
XX
II(A
). F
OR
EST
ED
UP
LA
ND
HA
BIT
AT
S
Sout
hern
Red
Oak
/Hea
th F
ores
t (P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Mes
ic C
oast
al P
lain
Oak
For
est
(Pri
orit
y I)
XX
Coa
stal
Lob
lolly
Pin
e F
ores
t (P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Mes
ic C
oast
al P
lain
Ric
h F
ores
t (P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Mes
ic C
oast
al P
lain
Mix
ed H
ardw
ood
For
est
(Pri
orit
y I)
XX
Pond
Pin
e Sw
eetb
ay P
rick
ly B
og S
edge
(P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Succ
essi
onal
Sw
eetg
um; R
ed M
aple
Sw
eetg
um F
ores
t (P
rior
ity
II)
X
D-43
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
II(B
). W
ET
LA
ND
FO
RE
STS
Red
Map
le/S
easi
de A
lder
Sw
amp
(Pri
orit
y I)
XX
Atl
anti
c W
hite
Ced
ar/S
easi
de A
lder
Sat
urat
ed F
ores
t (P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Swam
p C
otto
nwoo
d C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
d (P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Coa
stal
Pla
in D
epre
ssio
n Sw
amp
(Pri
orit
y II
)X
X
Coa
stal
Lob
lolly
Pin
e W
etla
nd F
ores
t (P
rior
ity
II)
X
III.
WE
TL
AN
DS
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
resh
wat
er D
epre
ssio
nal P
onds
(P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Twig
-Rus
h Pe
at M
at C
omm
unit
y (
Pri
orit
y I)
XX
But
ton-
Bus
h C
oast
al P
lain
Pon
d (P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Em
erge
nt I
mpo
unde
d W
etla
nds
(Pri
orit
y I)
XX
Wax
-myr
thle
Shr
ub S
wam
p (P
rior
ity
II)
XX
Nor
th A
tlan
tic
Hig
h Sa
lt M
arsh
(P
rior
ity
I)X
X
Wat
er W
illow
Shr
ub S
wam
p (P
rior
ity
II)
X
Bra
ckis
h T
idal
Cre
ek S
hrub
land
(P
rior
ity
II)
X
Nor
th A
tlan
tic
Spar
tina
Low
Sal
t M
arsh
(P
rior
ity
I)X
X
IV. E
AR
LY
SU
CC
ES
SIO
NA
L U
PL
AN
D H
AB
ITA
TS
Nat
ive
Gra
ssla
nd a
nd H
erba
ceou
sX
X
Nat
ive
Tran
siti
onal
Hab
itat
s : G
rass
land
/.Shr
ubla
nd/Y
oung
Tre
esX
X
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-44
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
WA
TE
RB
IRD
S
Am
eric
an b
itte
rn
Bot
auru
s le
ntig
inos
usSp
SFX
M2
-H
H
Am
eric
an c
oot
Ful
ica
amer
ican
aF
WX
2L
Am
eric
an w
hite
pel
ican
P
elec
anus
ery
thro
rhyn
chos
SX
Arc
tic
tern
St
erna
par
adis
aea
SpF
X2
HH
H
Aud
ubon
’s s
hear
wat
er
Puf
fi nus
lher
imin
ieri
SpF
XH
1H
IH
H
Bla
ck r
ail
Lat
erul
lus
jam
aice
nsis
SpSF
XE
HH
1a1
X-
HH
Bla
ck s
kim
mer
R
hync
hos
nige
rSp
SFX
EM
1a1
XH
HH
Bla
ck-c
row
ned
nigh
t he
ron
Nyc
tico
rax
nyct
icor
axY
rX
E1
MH
H
Bla
ck-h
eade
d gu
ll L
arus
rid
ibun
dus
WX
Bro
wn
pelic
an
Pel
ecan
us o
ccid
enta
lis
SX
2M
Cat
tle
egre
t B
ubul
us ib
isSp
SFX
2M
Cas
pian
ter
n S
tern
a ca
spia
SpSF
XL
L
Cla
pper
rai
l R
allu
s lo
ngir
ostr
isY
rX
H2b
-H
Com
mon
Moo
rhen
G
alli
nula
chl
orop
usSp
SFX
2M
L
Com
mon
ter
n S
tern
a hi
rund
oSp
SFX
EM
1X
LH
H
Cor
y’s
shea
rwat
er
Cal
onec
tris
dio
med
eaW
XM
MH
Dou
ble-
cres
ted
corm
oran
t p
hala
croc
orax
aur
itus
Yr
X2
L
For
ster
’s t
ern
Ste
rna
fors
teri
Yr
XE
H2b
1M
H
Glo
ssy
ibis
P
lega
dis
falc
inel
lus
Yr
XH
2L
HH
D-45
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
WA
TE
RB
IRD
S (c
ont.
)
Gre
at b
lack
-bac
ked
gull
Lar
us m
arin
usY
rX
2L
Gre
at b
lue
hero
n A
rdea
her
odia
sY
rX
2H
Gre
at c
orm
oran
t P
hala
croc
orax
car
boSp
WX
2H
Gre
at e
gret
A
rdea
alb
aY
rX
2M
Gre
ater
she
arw
ater
P
uffi n
us g
ravi
sW
XH
2H
HH
Gre
en H
eron
B
utor
ides
vir
esce
nsSp
SFX
Gul
l-bill
ed t
ern
Ste
rna
nilo
tica
SpS
XH
H2
HH
H
Her
ring
gul
l L
arus
arg
enta
tus
Yr
XL
H
Kin
g ra
il R
allu
s el
egan
sSp
FX
M1b
2-
HH
Lau
ghin
g gu
ll L
arus
atr
icil
laSp
SFX
Lea
st b
itte
rn
Ixob
rych
us e
xili
s
SpS
XM
2-
HH
Lea
st t
ern
Ste
rna
anti
llaru
mSp
SFX
EH
1a1
XH
HH
Lit
tle
blue
her
on
Egr
etta
cae
rule
aSp
SFX
M2
HH
H
Nor
ther
n ga
nnet
M
orus
bas
sanu
sSp
SX
HN
M
Pie
d-bi
lled
greb
e P
odil
ymbu
s po
dice
psY
rX
E1
HH
Red
-thr
oate
d lo
on
Gav
ia s
tella
taSp
SFX
HH
2-
HH
Ros
eate
ter
n S
tern
a do
ugal
lii
SFX
EH
H1
HH
H
Ros
s’ g
ull
Rho
dost
ethi
a ro
sea
WX
Roy
al t
ern
Ste
rna
max
ima
SpSF
XM
MH
Snow
y eg
ret
Egr
etta
thul
aY
rX
M2
HH
H
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-46
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
WA
TE
RB
IRD
S (c
ont.
)
Sora
P
orza
na c
arol
ina
SpSF
XM
2-
H
Tric
olor
ed h
eron
E
gret
ta tr
icol
orSp
SFX
M2
HH
H
Vir
gini
a ra
il R
allu
s li
mic
ola
Yr
X2a
Yello
w r
ail
Cot
urni
cops
nov
ebor
acen
sis
SpF
X2
H
Yello
w-c
row
ned
nigh
t he
ron
Nyc
tana
ssa
viol
acea
SpS
XE
M1
MH
WA
TE
RF
OW
L
Am
eric
an b
lack
duc
k A
na r
ubri
pes
Yr
XH
H1a
1D
Am
eric
an w
igeo
n A
na a
mer
ican
aF
WX
MS
Atl
anti
c br
ant
Bra
nta
bern
icul
aF
WX
HH
2S
Bla
ck-b
ellie
d w
hist
ling
duck
D
endr
ocyg
na a
utum
nali
sF
WX
Bla
ck s
cote
r M
elan
itta
nig
raF
WX
H2
D
Blu
e-w
inge
d te
al
Ana
s di
cors
SpSF
XS
Buf
fl ehe
ad
Buc
epha
la a
lbeo
laSp
FW
XH
2I
Can
ada
goos
e –
Atl
anti
c Po
pula
tion
B
rant
a ca
nade
nsis
FW
XH
HI
Can
ada
goos
e –
N. A
tlan
tic
F
WX
H1
U
Res
iden
t C
anad
a G
eese
B
rant
a ca
nade
nsis
Yr
I
Can
vasb
ack
Ayt
hya
vali
sine
ria
WX
H
Com
mon
eid
er
Som
ater
ia m
olli
ssim
aW
XH
2S
Com
mon
gol
dene
ye
Buc
epha
la c
lang
ula
SpF
WX
MS
D-47
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
WA
TE
RF
OW
L (
cont
.)
Gad
wal
l A
na s
trep
era
Yr
XM
I
Gre
ater
sca
up
Ayt
hya
mar
ila
SpF
WX
H2
S
Gre
en-w
inge
d te
al
Ana
s cr
ecca
car
olin
ensi
sY
rX
MI
Har
lequ
in d
uck
His
tron
icus
his
trio
nicu
sW
XM
S
Hoo
ded
mer
gans
er
Lop
hody
tes
cucu
llatu
sY
rX
M2
I
Kin
g ei
der
Som
ater
ia s
pect
abil
isW
X
Les
ser
scau
p A
ythy
a af
fi nis
SpF
WX
H2
D
Lon
g-ta
iled
duck
C
lang
ula
hyem
alis
SpF
WX
H2
D
Mal
lard
A
na p
laty
rhyn
ocho
sY
rX
H2
S
Nor
ther
n pi
ntai
l A
nas
acut
aSp
FW
XM
D
Nor
ther
n sh
ovel
er
Ana
s cl
ypea
taSp
FW
X2
Red
-bre
aste
d m
erga
nser
M
ergu
s se
rrat
orSp
FW
XM
I
Red
head
A
ytha
am
eric
ana
SpF
WX
2
Rin
g-ne
cked
A
ythy
a co
llari
sSp
FW
X2
Rud
dy d
uck
Oxy
ura
jam
aice
nsis
Yr
XM
I
Snow
Gee
se
Che
n ca
erul
esce
nsSp
FW
XI
Surf
sco
ter
Mel
anit
ta p
ersp
icil
lata
FW
XH
2D
Tund
ra s
wan
– E
aste
rn
Cyg
nus
colu
mbi
anus
SpF
WX
H2
I
Whi
te-w
inge
d sc
oter
M
elan
itta
fusc
aF
WX
H2
D
Woo
d du
ck –
Eas
tern
A
ix s
pons
aY
rX
MI
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-48
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
SHO
RE
BIR
DS
Am
eric
an a
voce
t R
ecur
viro
stra
am
eric
ana
SpSF
XM
3
Am
eric
an g
olde
n pl
over
P
luvi
alis
dom
inic
aSp
SFX
H2
4
Am
eric
an o
yste
rcat
cher
H
aem
atop
us p
alli
ates
SpS
XE
HH
1a1
X5
Am
eric
an w
oodc
ock
Sco
lopa
x m
inor
Yr
XH
H1a
15
Bai
rd’s
san
dpip
er
Cal
idri
s ba
irdi
iSF
X2
Bla
ck-b
ellie
d pl
over
P
luva
lis
squa
taro
laSp
SFX
H2
3
Bla
ck-n
ecke
d st
ilt
Him
anto
pus
mex
ican
usSp
SFX
2
Buf
f-br
east
ed s
andp
iper
T
ryng
ites
sub
rufi c
olli
sF
XH
2X
4
Com
mon
sni
pe
Gal
lina
go d
elic
ate
Yr
XM
3
Dun
lin
Cal
idri
s al
pina
Yr
XH
23
Esk
imo
curl
ew
Num
eniu
s bo
real
isE
5
Gre
ater
yel
low
legs
T
ring
a m
elan
oleu
caY
rX
H2
4
Hud
soni
an g
odw
it
Lim
osa
haem
asti
caSp
SFX
H2
X4
Kill
deer
C
hara
driu
s vo
cife
rous
Yr
XM
2
Lea
st s
andp
iper
C
alid
ris
min
util
laY
rX
M3
Les
ser
yello
wle
gs
Tri
nga
fl avi
pes
Yr
XM
2
Lon
g-bi
lled
dow
itch
er
Lim
nodr
omus
sco
lopa
ceus
SpSF
X2
Mar
bled
god
wit
L
imos
a fe
doa
SpF
XH
2X
4
Pect
oral
san
dpip
er
Cal
idri
s m
elan
otos
SpSF
X2
Pip
ing
plov
er
Cha
radr
ius
mel
odus
SFX
TE
HH
1a1
5
D-49
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
SHO
RE
BIR
DS
(con
t.)
Pur
ple
Sand
pipe
r C
alid
ris
mar
itim
aW
XH
Red
kno
t C
alid
ris
mel
odus
SpS
XH
H1
X5
Red
pha
laro
pe
Pha
laro
pus
fuli
cari
usSp
FX
M3
Red
-nec
ked
phal
arop
e P
hala
ropu
s lo
batu
sSp
SFX
M2
3
Rud
dy t
urns
tone
A
rena
ria
inte
rpre
sY
rX
HH
4
Ruf
f P
hilo
mac
hus
pugn
axSp
FX
14
Sand
erlin
g C
alid
ris
alba
Yr
XH
H
Sem
ipal
mat
ed p
love
r C
hara
driu
s se
mip
alm
atus
SpSF
XM
2
Sem
ipal
mat
ed s
andp
iper
C
alid
ris
pusi
llaSp
SFX
H2
4
Shor
t-bi
lled
dow
itch
er
Lim
nodr
omus
gri
seus
Yr
XH
23
Solit
ary
sand
pipe
r T
ring
a so
lita
ria
SpSF
XH
23
Spot
ted
sand
pipe
r A
ctit
is m
acul
ariu
sSp
SFX
M1
3
Stilt
san
dpip
er
Cal
idri
s hi
man
topu
sSp
SFX
3
Upl
and
sand
pipe
r B
artr
amia
long
icau
daSp
SFX
EM
1b1
X4
Wes
tern
san
dpip
er
Cal
idri
s m
auri
SpSF
XM
2
Whi
mbr
el
Num
eniu
s ph
aeop
usSp
SX
HH
1X
5
Whi
te-r
umpe
d sa
ndpi
per
Cal
idri
s fu
scic
olli
sSp
SFX
H2
3
Will
et
Tri
nga
sem
ipal
mat
aSp
SFX
H2b
24
Wils
on’s
pha
laro
pe
Pha
laro
pus
tric
olor
SpSF
XH
23
Wils
on’s
plo
ver
Cha
radr
ius
wil
soni
aSp
SX
H1b
2X
4
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-50
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
LA
ND
BIR
DS
Aca
dian
fl yc
atch
er
Em
pido
nax
vire
scen
sSp
SFX
Am
eric
an k
estr
el
Fal
co s
parv
eriu
sY
rX
Am
eric
an r
edst
art
Set
opha
ga r
utic
illa
SpSF
X1
Am
eric
an r
obin
T
urdu
s m
igra
tori
usY
rX
Bac
hman
’s s
parr
owM
Bal
d ea
gle
Hal
iaee
tus
leuc
ocep
halu
sY
rX
EM
31
Bal
tim
ore
orio
le
Icte
rus
galb
ula
SpSF
XH
2X
Ban
k sw
allo
w
Hir
undo
rus
tica
SpSF
X2
Bar
n ow
l T
yto
alba
Yr
X2
Bar
red
owl
Str
ix v
aria
Yr
X2
Bay
-bre
aste
d w
arbl
er
Den
droi
ca c
asta
nea
SpF
XH
Bic
knel
l’s t
hrus
h C
atha
rus
bick
nelli
Sp
FX
H1
Bla
ckbu
rnia
n w
arbl
erM
Bla
ck-c
appe
d ch
icka
dee
Poe
cile
atr
icap
illu
sY
rX
1
Bla
ck-t
hroa
ted
blue
war
bler
D
endr
oica
cae
rule
sSp
FX
Bla
ck-t
hroa
ted
gree
n w
arbl
er
Den
droi
ca v
iren
sSp
FX
Bla
ck v
ultu
re
Cor
agyp
s at
ratu
sY
rX
2
Bla
ck-a
nd-w
hite
war
bler
M
niot
ilta
var
iaSp
SFX
H2
Bla
ck-b
illed
cuc
koo
Coc
cyzu
s er
ythr
opth
alm
usSp
SFX
2
Blu
e-gr
ay g
natc
atch
er
Pol
iopt
ila
caer
ulea
SpSF
X
D-51
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
LA
ND
BIR
DS
(con
t.)
Blu
e-he
aded
vir
eo
Vir
eo s
olit
ariu
sSp
FX
Blu
e-w
inge
d w
arbl
er
Verm
ivor
a pi
nus
SpF
X1b
1X
Bob
olin
k D
olic
hony
x or
yziv
orus
Sp
FX
2
Bro
ad-w
inge
d H
awk
XH
Bro
wn
cree
per
Cer
thia
am
eric
ana
SpF
WX
E1
Bro
wn
thra
sher
To
xost
oma
rufu
mY
rX
H2a
2
Bro
wn-
head
ed n
utha
tch
Sit
ta p
usil
laY
rX
M1b
2
Can
ada
war
bler
W
ilso
nia
cana
dens
isSp
SFX
M1b
2X
Ced
ar w
axw
ing
Bom
byci
lla c
edro
rum
Yr
X
Cer
ulea
n w
arbl
er
Den
droi
ca c
erul
eaSp
SFX
EM
1X
Che
stnu
t-si
ded
war
bler
D
nedr
oica
pen
sylv
anic
aSp
SFX
2
Chi
mne
y sw
ift
Cha
etur
a pe
lagi
caSp
SFX
H2a
2
Chu
ck-w
ill’s
-wid
ow
Cap
rim
ulgu
s ca
roli
nens
isSp
SFX
Coa
stal
pla
in s
wam
p sp
arro
w
Mel
ospi
za G
eorg
iana
nig
resc
ens
Yr
XM
Com
mon
nig
htha
wk
Cho
rdei
les
min
orSp
SFX
1
Com
mon
yel
low
thro
at
Geo
thly
pis
tric
has
Yr
X
Coo
per’
s ha
wk
Acc
ipte
r co
oper
iiY
rX
E1
Eas
tern
blu
ebir
d S
iali
a si
alis
SpS
XH
Eas
tern
kin
gbir
d T
yran
nus
tyra
nnus
SpSF
X2
Eas
tern
pho
ebe
Say
orni
s ph
oebe
Yr
X
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-52
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
LA
ND
BIR
DS
(con
t.)
Eas
tern
tow
hee
Pip
ilo
eryt
hrop
htha
lmus
Yr
X2a
2
Eas
tern
woo
d-pe
wee
C
onto
pus
vire
nsSp
SFX
2a
Fie
ld s
parr
ow
Spiz
ella
pus
illa
Yr
XH
2a2
Gol
den
crow
ned
king
let
Reg
ulus
sat
rapa
Yr
X
Gol
den-
win
ged
war
bler
Ve
rmiv
ora
chry
sopt
era
SpF
XM
2X
Gra
ssho
pper
spa
rrow
A
mm
odra
mus
sav
anna
rum
SpSF
XM
2c2
Gra
y ca
tbir
d D
umet
ella
car
olin
ensi
sY
rX
M2a
Gre
at c
rest
ed fl
ycat
cher
M
yiar
chus
cri
nitu
sSp
SFX
H2
Hen
slow
’s s
parr
ow
Am
mod
ram
us h
ensl
owii
SX
EH
1b1
X
Her
mit
thr
ush
Cat
haru
sSp
SFX
Hoo
ded
war
bler
W
ilso
nia
citr
ina
SpSF
XE
1
Hor
ned
Lar
k E
rem
ophi
la a
lpes
tris
SpSF
X
Ipsw
itch
Sav
anna
h Sp
arro
wM
Ken
tuck
y w
arbl
er
Opo
rorn
is fo
rmos
usSp
SFX
H1a
2X
Lea
st fl
ycat
cher
E
mpi
dona
x m
inim
usSp
SFX
2
Log
gerh
ead
shri
ke
Lan
ius
ludo
vici
anus
EM
1
Lon
g-ea
red
owl
Asi
o ot
usW
X1
Lou
isia
na w
ater
thru
sh
Seiu
rus
mot
acil
laSp
SX
H2c
2
Mar
sh w
ren
Cis
toth
otus
pal
ustr
isY
rX
H2a
2X
Mer
lin
Fal
co c
olum
bari
usSp
FW
X
D-53
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
LA
ND
BIR
DS
(con
t.)
Nel
son’
s sh
arp-
taile
d sp
arro
w
Am
mod
ram
us n
elso
niW
XM
Nor
ther
n bo
bwhi
te
Col
inus
vir
gini
anus
Yr
XH
2a2
Nor
ther
n fl i
cker
C
olap
tes
aura
tus
Yr
XH
2
Nor
ther
n ha
rrie
r C
ircu
s cy
aneu
sY
rX
E1
Nor
ther
n sh
rike
L
aniu
s ex
cubi
tor
WX
Nor
ther
n w
ater
thru
sh
Seiu
rus
nove
bora
cens
isSp
FX
Nor
ther
n pa
rula
P
arul
a am
eric
ana
SpF
WX
E1
Ora
nge-
crow
ned
war
bler
Ve
rmiv
ora
cela
taF
X
Osp
rey
Pan
dion
hal
iaet
usSp
SFX
1
Pere
grin
e fa
lcon
SpF
WX
2X
Palm
war
bler
D
endr
oica
pal
mar
umSp
FX
Pin
e w
arbl
er
Den
droi
ca p
inus
Yr
X
Pra
irie
war
bler
D
endr
oica
dis
colo
r
SpSF
X1a
1X
Pro
thon
otar
y w
arbl
er
Pro
tono
tari
a ci
trea
SpSF
XH
1a2
Red
-bre
aste
d nu
that
ch
Sitt
a ca
nade
nsis
SpF
WX
Red
-eye
d vi
reo
Vir
eo o
liva
ceus
SpSF
X1b
Red
-hea
ded
woo
dpec
ker
Mel
aner
pes
eryt
hroc
epha
lus
Yr
XE
M1b
1X
Red
-sho
ulde
red
haw
k B
uteo
line
atus
Yr
X2
Salt
mar
sh s
harp
-tai
led
spar
row
A
mm
odra
mus
cau
dacu
tus
Yr
X1a
1X
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-54
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
LA
ND
BIR
DS
(con
t.)
Sava
nnah
spa
rrow
P
asse
rcul
us s
andw
iche
nis
SpF
WX
2
Scar
let
tana
ger
Pir
anga
oli
vace
aSp
SFX
H2a
2
Seas
ide
Spar
row
A
mm
odra
mus
mar
itim
usY
rX
M1a
1X
Sedg
e w
ren
Cis
toth
orus
pla
tens
isY
rX
EM
2c1
X
Shar
p-sh
inne
d ha
wk
Acc
ipte
r st
riat
usSp
FW
X1
Shor
t-ea
red
owl
Asi
o fl a
mm
eus
SpF
WX
EM
1b1
X
Sum
mer
tan
ager
P
iran
ga r
ubra
SpSF
X
Swai
nson
’s w
arbl
er
Cat
haru
s us
tula
tus
SFX
EM
1b1
Veer
y C
atha
rus
fusc
esce
nsSp
FX
2
Vesp
er s
parr
ow
Poo
ecet
es g
ram
ineu
sSp
SX
2
War
blin
g vi
reo
Vir
eo g
ilvu
sSp
SX
2
Whi
p-po
or-w
ill
Cap
rim
ulgu
s vo
cife
rus
SpSF
XH
2a2
X
Whi
te-b
reas
ted
nuth
atch
Si
tta
caro
line
nsis
Yr
X
Whi
te-e
yed
vire
o V
ireo
gri
seus
SpSF
X
Will
ow fl
ycat
cher
E
mpi
dona
x tr
ailli
iSp
SFX
H1b
2
Woo
d th
rush
H
yloc
ichl
a m
uste
lina
SpSF
X1a
1X
Wor
m-e
atin
g w
arbl
er
Hel
mit
hero
s ve
rmiv
orum
SpS
XH
1a2
X
Yello
w-b
illed
cuc
koo
Coc
cyzu
s am
eric
anus
SpSF
X
Yello
w-b
reas
ted
chat
Ic
teri
a vi
rens
Yr
X2
Yello
w-r
umpe
d w
arbl
er
Den
droi
ca c
oron
ata
SpF
WX
D-55
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
LA
ND
BIR
DS
(con
t.)
Yello
w-t
hroa
ted
vire
o V
ireo
fl av
ifro
nsSp
SFX
H2a
2
Yello
w-t
hroa
ted
war
bler
D
enro
ica
dom
inic
aSp
SfX
2
Yello
w w
arbl
er
Den
droi
ca p
etec
hia
SpSF
X
MA
MM
AL
S
Am
eric
an b
eave
r C
asto
r ca
nade
nsis
(S
3)Y
r
Am
eric
an m
ink
Mus
tela
vis
on
(S3)
Yr
Big
bro
wn
bat
Ept
esic
us fu
scus
Yr
Coy
ote
Can
is la
tran
sY
r2
Del
mar
va fo
x sq
uirr
el
Sciu
rus
nige
r ci
nere
usY
rX
EE
1
Eas
tern
cot
tont
ail
Syl
vila
gus
fl ori
danu
sY
r
Eas
tern
gra
y sq
uirr
el
Sciu
rus
caro
line
nsis
Yr
Eas
tern
mol
e S
calo
pus
aqua
ticu
sY
r
Eas
tern
pip
istr
elle
P
ipis
trel
lus
subfl
avu
sY
r
Eas
tern
red
bat
L
asiu
rus
bore
alis
Yr
2
Eas
tern
sm
all-f
oote
d ba
t1
Eve
ning
bat
N
ycti
ceiu
s hu
mer
alis
2
Gra
y fo
x U
rocy
on c
iner
eoar
gent
eus
Yr
Hoa
ry b
at
Las
iuru
s ci
nere
usY
r2
Lit
tle
brow
n ba
t M
yoti
s lu
cifu
gus
Yr
Lon
g-ta
iled
wea
sel
Mus
tela
fren
ata
Y
r2
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-56
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
MA
MM
AL
S (c
ont.
)
Mar
sh r
ice
rat
Ory
zom
ys p
alus
tris
(S3
)Y
r
Mar
ylan
d sh
rew
So
rex
font
inal
is
Mas
ked
shre
w
Sore
x ci
nere
usY
r
Mea
dow
jum
ping
mou
se
Zap
us h
udso
nius
Yr
2
Mea
dow
vol
e M
icro
tus
penn
sylv
anic
usY
r
Mus
krat
O
ndat
ra z
ibet
hicu
sY
r
Nor
th A
mer
ican
leas
t sh
rew
C
rypt
otis
par
vaY
r
Nor
ther
n ra
ccoo
n P
rocy
on lo
tor
Yr
2
Nor
ther
n ri
ver
otte
r L
utra
can
aden
sis
Yr
Red
fox
Vul
pes
vulp
esY
r
Shor
t-ta
iled
shre
w
Bla
rina
bre
vica
uda
Yr
Silv
er-h
aire
d ba
t L
asio
nyct
eris
noc
tiva
gans
Yr
2
Sout
hern
fl yi
ng s
quir
rel
Gla
ucom
ys v
olan
sY
r
Star
-nos
ed m
ole
Con
dylu
ra c
rist
ata
(S4)
Yr
Stri
ped
skun
k M
ephi
tis
mep
hiti
sY
r
Vir
gini
a op
ossu
m
Did
elph
is m
arsu
pial
isY
r
Whi
te-f
oote
d m
ouse
P
erm
omys
cus
lenc
opus
Y
r
Whi
te-t
aile
d de
er
Odo
coil
eus
virg
inia
nus
Yr
Woo
dchu
ck
Mar
mot
a m
onax
Yr
Woo
dlan
d vo
le
Mic
rotu
s pi
neto
rum
(S4
)Y
r
D-57
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
AM
PH
IBIA
NS
Am
eric
an b
ullf
rog
Ran
a ca
tesb
eian
aY
r
Bar
king
tre
e fr
og
Hyl
a gr
atio
sa
Yr
E1
Car
pent
er fo
g R
ana
virg
atip
esY
rS1
1
Cop
e’s
gray
tre
efro
g H
yla
vers
icol
orY
rS1
2
Eas
tern
cri
cket
frog
A
cris
cre
oita
ns c
repi
tans
Yr
Eas
tern
mud
sal
aman
der
Pse
udot
rito
n m
onta
nus
mon
tanu
sY
r2
Eas
tern
spa
defo
ot t
oad
Sca
phio
pus
holb
rook
iiY
r2
Eas
tern
red
-bac
ked
sala
man
der
Ple
thod
on c
iner
eus
Yr
Eas
tern
Tig
er s
alam
ande
r A
mby
stom
a ti
grin
um ti
grin
umE
1
Fou
r-to
ed s
alam
ande
r H
emid
acty
lium
scu
tatu
mY
r2
Fow
ler’
s to
ad
Buf
o fo
wle
riY
r
Gre
en t
reef
rog
Hyl
a ci
nere
aY
r
Mar
bled
sal
aman
der
Am
syst
oma
opac
umY
r
New
Jer
sey
chor
us fr
og
Pse
udac
ris
feri
arum
kal
mi
Yr
Nor
ther
n gr
een
frog
R
ana
clam
itan
s m
elan
ota
Yr
Nor
ther
n re
d sa
lam
ande
r P
seud
otrt
on r
ubbe
r ru
ber
Yr
Nor
ther
n sp
ring
pee
per
Pse
udac
ris
cruc
ifer
cru
cife
rY
r
Pic
kere
l fro
g R
ana
palu
stri
sY
r
Sout
hern
leop
ard
frog
R
ana
sphe
noce
phal
a sp
heno
ceph
ala
Yr
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-58
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
AM
PH
IBIA
NS
(con
t.)
Spot
ted
sala
man
der
Am
byst
oma
mac
ulat
umY
r2
Woo
d fr
og
Ran
a sy
lvat
ica
Yr
RE
PT
ILE
S
Atl
anti
c gr
een
turt
le
Che
loni
a m
ydas
myd
asT
E1
Atl
anti
c ha
wks
bill
turt
le
Ere
tmoc
hely
s im
bric
ata
imbr
icat
aE
2
Atl
anti
c le
athe
rbac
k tu
rtle
D
erm
oche
lys
cori
acea
EE
1
Atl
anti
c lo
gger
head
tur
tle
Car
etta
car
etta
TE
1
Bla
ck r
at s
nake
E
laph
e ob
sole
te o
bsol
eta
Yr
Bog
tur
tle
Gly
ptem
ys m
uhle
nber
gii
TE
1
Bro
adhe
ad s
kink
E
umec
es la
tice
ps1
Cor
n sn
ake
Ela
phe
gutt
ata
gutt
ata
Yr
E1
Dia
mon
d B
ack
Terr
apin
M
alac
lem
ys te
rrap
in te
rrap
inSp
SF2
Eas
tern
box
tur
tle
Ter
rape
ne c
arol
ina
caro
lina
Yr
1
Eas
tern
hog
nose
sna
ke
Het
erod
on p
lati
rhin
osY
r2
Eas
tern
kin
gsna
ke
Lam
prop
elti
s ge
tula
get
ula
Yr
2
Eas
tern
milk
sna
ke
Lam
prop
elti
s tr
iang
ulum
1
Eas
tern
mud
tur
tle
Kin
oste
rnon
sub
rubr
um s
ubru
brum
Yr
Eas
tern
pai
nted
tur
tle
Chr
ysem
ys p
icta
pic
taY
r
Eas
tern
sna
ppin
g tu
rtle
C
hely
dra
serp
enti
ne s
erpe
ntin
eY
r
Kem
p’s
ridl
ey s
ea t
urtl
e L
epid
oche
lys
kem
pii
EE
1
D-59
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
RE
PT
ILE
S (c
ont.
)
Nor
ther
n bl
ack
race
r C
olub
er c
onst
rict
or c
onst
rict
orY
r
Nor
ther
n br
own
snak
e S
tore
ria
deka
yi d
ekay
iY
r
Nor
ther
n co
pper
head
A
gkis
trod
on c
onto
rtri
x m
okas
en2
Nor
ther
n re
d-be
llied
sna
ke
Stor
eria
occ
ipit
omac
ulat
a oc
cipi
tom
acul
ata
Y
r2
Nor
ther
n w
ater
sna
ke
Ner
odia
sip
edon
sip
edon
Yr
Que
en s
nake
R
egin
a se
ptem
vitt
ata
2
Red
belly
wat
er s
nake
N
erod
ia e
ryth
roga
ster
1
Red
-bel
lied
turt
le/N
orth
ern
red-
belli
ed c
oote
r P
seud
emys
ru
bive
ntri
sY
r2
Rib
bon
Snak
e T
ham
noph
is s
auri
tus
saur
itus
Y
rS2
2
Rou
gh g
reen
sna
ke
Oph
eodr
ys a
esti
vus
aest
ivus
Y
rS2
2
Smoo
th/E
aste
rn e
arth
snak
e V
irgi
nia
vale
riae
2
Spot
ted
turt
le
Cle
mm
ys g
utta
taY
rS2
1
Stin
kpot
St
erno
ther
us o
dora
tus
Yr
FIS
H
Ale
wife
A
losa
pse
udoh
aren
gus
SpS
XD
Am
eric
an b
rook
lam
prey
L
ampe
tra
appe
ndix
2
D
Am
eric
an E
el
Ang
uilla
ros
trat
aSp
SFX
S11
Am
eric
an S
had
Alo
sa s
apid
issi
ma
SpSF
X1
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-60
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
FIS
H (
cont
.)
Atl
anti
c cr
oake
r M
icro
pogo
nias
und
ulat
usSp
SFX
2D
Atl
anti
c si
lver
side
M
enid
ia m
enid
iaSp
SFX
D
Atl
anti
c st
urge
on
Aci
pens
er o
xyri
nchu
s ox
yrin
chus
E1
Ban
ded
killi
fi sh
Ic
talu
rus
mel
as
Yr
Ban
ded
sunfi
sh
Enn
eaca
nthu
s ob
essu
sY
rS2
2
Bay
anc
hovy
A
ncho
a m
itch
illi
SpS
2
Bla
ck b
ullh
ead
Ict
alur
us m
elas
Yr
Bla
ck c
rapp
ie
Pom
oxis
nig
rom
acul
atus
Yr
Blu
ebac
k h
erri
ng
Alo
sa a
esti
vali
sSp
SS
XD
Blu
e ri
dge
scul
pin
Cot
tus
caer
uleo
men
tum
Yr
1
Blu
espo
tted
sun
fi sh
Enn
eaca
nthu
s gl
orio
sus
Yr
Bri
dle
shin
er
Not
ropi
s bi
fren
atus
1
Bro
wn
bullh
ead
Am
eiur
us n
ebul
osus
Yr
Bro
wn
Shin
er
Am
eiur
us n
ebul
osus
Yr
Car
p C
ypri
nus
carp
ioY
rSE
Cha
in p
icke
rel
Eso
x ni
ger
Yr
Cha
nnel
cat
fi sh
Ict
alur
us p
unct
atus
Yr
Com
ely
shin
er
Not
ropi
s am
oenu
sY
rS2
2
Cra
velle
jack
C
aran
x hi
ppos
Yr
Eas
tern
mud
min
now
U
mbr
a py
gmae
aY
r
D-61
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
FIS
H (
cont
.)
Fat
sle
eper
D
orm
itat
or m
acul
ates
SpS
2
Fou
rspi
ne s
tick
leba
ck
Ape
ltes
qua
drac
usSp
SFS2
2
Giz
zard
sha
d D
oros
oma
cepe
dian
um
SpSF
Gla
ssy
dart
er
Eth
eost
oma
vitr
eum
Yr
2
Hic
kory
sha
d A
losa
med
iocr
isSp
SFX
S22
Inla
nd s
ilver
side
M
enid
ia b
eryl
lina
Yr
Iron
colo
r sh
iner
N
otro
pis
chal
ybae
us1
Lar
gem
outh
bas
s M
icro
pter
us s
alm
oide
sY
r
Mos
quit
o fi s
h G
ambu
sia
affi n
isY
r
Lea
st b
rook
lam
prey
L
ampe
tra
aepy
pter
a
Mud
sun
fi sh
Aca
ntha
rchu
s po
mot
isY
rS2
1
Mum
mic
hog
Fun
dulu
s he
tero
clit
usY
r
Nak
ed g
oby
Gob
isom
a bo
scY
r
Pum
pkin
seed
le
pom
is g
ibbo
sus
Yr
Rai
nwat
er k
illifi
sh
Luc
ania
par
vaY
r
Red
brea
st s
unfi s
h L
epom
is a
urit
usY
r
Rou
gh s
ilver
side
M
embr
as m
arti
nica
Yr
Rou
nd w
hite
fi sh
Pro
sopi
um c
ylin
drac
eum
Yr
Shee
pshe
ad m
inno
w
Cyp
rino
don
vari
egat
us
Yr
Shie
ld d
arte
r P
erci
na p
elta
ta1
D
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-62
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
FIS
H (
cont
.)
Shor
thea
d re
dhor
se
Mox
osto
ma
mac
role
pido
tum
1
Shor
tnos
e st
urge
on
Aci
pens
er b
revi
rost
rum
E1
Spot
L
eios
tom
us x
anth
urus
Yr
1
Spot
fi n k
illifi
sh
Fun
dulu
s lu
ciae
Yr
S32
Stri
ped
bass
Mor
one
saxa
tili
sSp
SFX
I
Stri
ped
killi
fi sh
Fun
dulu
s m
ajal
isY
r
Stri
ped
mul
let
Mug
il c
epha
slus
Yr
Sum
mer
fl ou
nder
P
aral
icht
hys
dent
atus
SpSF
Whi
te c
atfi s
h A
mei
urus
cat
usY
r
Whi
te c
rapp
ie
Pom
oxis
ann
ular
is
Whi
te m
ulle
t M
ugil
cur
ema
Yr
Whi
te p
erch
M
oron
e am
eric
ana
Yr
Whi
te s
hark
C
arch
arod
on c
arch
aria
s2
Whi
te s
ucke
r C
atos
tom
us c
omm
erso
niY
r
Yello
w b
ullh
ead
Am
eiur
us n
atal
is
Yr
S31
Yello
w p
erch
P
erca
fl av
esce
nsY
r
SHE
LL
FIS
H
Atl
anti
c m
arsh
fi dd
ler
crab
U
ca p
ugna
xY
r
Blu
e cl
aw
Cal
line
ctus
sap
idus
Yr
D-63
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
SHE
LL
FIS
H (
cont
.)
Mud
cra
b R
ithr
opan
opeu
s ha
rris
iiY
r
Red
-joi
nted
fi dd
ler
crab
U
ca m
inax
Yr
INV
ER
TE
BR
AT
ES
(730
+ s
peci
es d
ocum
ente
d on
ly a
few
are
list
ed)
Am
eric
an b
uryi
ng b
eetl
eE
1
Bet
hany
bea
ch fi
refl y
E1
Fro
sted
elfi
nE
1
Hes
sel’s
hai
rstr
eak
E1
Kin
g’s
hair
stre
akE
1
Mul
berr
y w
ing
E1
Nor
thea
ster
n be
ach
tige
r be
etle
T2
Rar
e sk
ippe
rE
1
Seth
fore
st w
ater
sca
veng
er b
eetl
eE
1
Spec
tral
/ L
ittl
e w
hite
/ D
une
ghos
t ti
ger
beet
leE
1
Whi
te t
iger
bee
tle
E1
Bea
ch D
une
Tig
er B
eetl
e C
inci
ndel
a hi
rtic
olli
sY
rS1
2
Bro
nze
Cop
per
Lyc
aena
hyl
lus
SpSF
S22
Cat
ocal
a la
crym
osa
(Te
arfu
l und
erw
ing)
Yr
S11
C. m
arm
orat
a (
S1G
3) (
Mar
bled
und
erw
ing)
Yr
S11
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-64
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
INV
ER
TE
BR
AT
ES
(con
t.)
(730
+ s
peci
es d
ocum
ente
d on
ly a
few
are
list
ed)
C. m
ulie
rcul
a (
STA
TE
RE
CO
RD
)Y
r
Del
awar
e Sk
ippe
r A
natr
yton
e lo
gan
SpSF
S12
Dra
ster
ia g
raph
ica
Yr
S12
Elfi
n Sk
ippe
r N
anno
them
is o
bella
Yr
S12
Gre
at P
urpl
e H
airs
trea
k A
tlid
es h
ales
usY
rS1
2
Hyd
rang
ia s
phin
x D
arap
sa v
ersi
colo
rY
rS1
2
Lily
pad
For
ktai
l I
schn
ura
kelli
cott
iY
rS1
2
Lit
tle
Gla
ssy
Win
g P
ompe
ius
vern
aY
rS1
2
Mar
itim
e su
nfl o
wer
bor
er
Pap
aipe
ma
mar
itim
aY
rS1
1
Meg
amel
us s
p (N
ew S
peci
es t
o Sc
ienc
e)
Pho
turi
s py
ralo
min
us (
STA
TE
RE
CO
RD
Fir
efl y
)S1
1
P. tr
emul
ans
Yr
S11
P. fr
onta
lis
Yr
S11
Pho
turi
s B
BB
(N
ew S
peci
es t
o D
escr
ibe)
Pit
cher
Pla
nt B
orer
Mot
h E
xyra
fax
Yr
S11
Pri
onus
lati
colli
s (
CO
UN
TY
RE
CO
RD
Lon
g-H
orne
d B
eetl
e)
Sout
hern
Bro
ken
Das
hY
rS1
1
Tree
hop
per
Arc
hasi
a pa
llida
? (
New
spe
cies
des
crip
tion
-cl
assi
fi cat
ion)
Yr
D-65
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
INV
ER
TE
BR
AT
ES
(con
t.)
(730
+ s
peci
es d
ocum
ente
d on
ly a
few
are
list
ed)
Spha
gnum
spr
ite
Neh
alen
nia
grac
ilis
Yr
S11
Youn
g bl
uebe
rry
dart
er
Xes
tia
youn
gii
Yr
S12
Zal
e m
etat
a (S
TAT
E R
EC
OR
D)
Yr
S22
Z. m
etat
oide
sY
rS2
2
FR
ESH
WA
TE
R M
US
SEL
S (U
nkno
wn
– N
o In
vent
orie
s or
Res
earc
h ev
er c
ondu
cted
on
Ref
uge)
Ale
wife
fl oa
ter
2
Ang
ular
dis
c2
Arm
ed s
nagg
leto
oth
2
Bla
ck g
loss
2
Bro
ok fl
oate
rE
1
Coa
stal
pla
in t
iger
snai
l2
Cre
eper
/ Squ
awfo
ot2
Cre
sted
ver
tigo
2
Dw
arf w
edge
mus
sel
EE
1
Eas
tern
lam
pmus
sel
E1
Eas
tern
pon
d m
usse
lE
1
Fla
med
tig
ersn
ail
2
Gla
ss s
pot
2
Gra
y-fo
ot la
ncet
ooth
2
Hai
ry s
litm
outh
2
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-66
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
Hon
ey v
erti
go2
Nor
ther
n la
nce
mus
sel
2
FR
ESH
WA
TE
R M
US
SEL
S (c
ont.
) (U
nkno
wn
– N
o In
vent
orie
s or
Res
earc
h ev
er c
ondu
cted
on
Ref
uge)
Nor
ther
n th
ree-
toot
h2
Obe
se t
horn
2
Pyr
amid
dom
e2
Slen
der
wal
ker
2
Swam
p ve
rtig
o2
Tid
ewat
er m
ucke
tE
1
Toot
hed
hive
2
Tria
ngle
fl oa
ter
1
Whi
te-li
p da
gger
2
Win
ding
man
tles
lug
2
Yello
w la
mpm
usse
lE
1
PL
AN
TS
Am
eric
an C
haff
seed
E
Seab
each
am
aran
thT
Can
by’s
dro
pwar
tE
Kni
eske
rn’s
bea
ked-
rush
T
D-67
Spec
ies
Lis
t an
d P
rior
ity
Ref
uge
Hab
itat
s
Seasons on Refuge1
Refuge Purpose Species
BIDEH
Federal T&E for DE2
State T&E3
BCR 304
PIF 445
State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan Priorities6
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern7
Federal Trust Fish Species (USFWS Trend Data)8
Shorebird Plan-Atlantic Flyway9
Waterbird Plan10
MANEM Conservation Priority11
Waterfowl Plan12
PL
AN
TS
(co
nt.
)
Sens
itiv
e jo
int-
vetc
hT
Smal
l who
rled
pog
onia
T
Swam
p pi
nkT
Indi
vidu
al R
are
Pla
nt S
peci
es r
ecor
ded
on R
efug
e (S
ee H
abit
at M
anag
emen
t P
lan
{HM
P}
for
com
preh
ensi
ve p
lant
spe
cies
list
and
sta
te r
anki
ngs)
1 Sea
sons
on
the
Ref
uge:
Sp
= S
prin
g; S
= S
umm
er; F
= F
all;
W =
Win
ter;
YR
= Y
ear-
Rou
nd
2 U
S F
ish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ice.
Thr
eate
ned
and
End
ange
red
Spec
ies
Syst
em (T
ES
S).
Rep
ort
for
the
stat
e of
Del
awar
e, a
nd D
elaw
are
Com
preh
ensi
ve W
ildlif
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Stra
tegy
. 200
5. D
ata
from
the
Exc
el fi
le d
evel
oped
by
the
Fed
eral
Aid
offi
ce
of U
S F
ish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ice,
Had
ley,
MA
. Sep
t. 2
006.
T =
thr
eate
ned;
E =
end
ange
red
3 Del
awar
e C
ompr
ehen
sive
Wild
life
Con
serv
atio
n St
rate
gy. 2
005.
Dat
a fr
om t
he E
xcel
fi le
dev
elop
ed b
y th
e F
eder
al A
id o
ffi c
e of
US
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e, H
adle
y,
MA
. Sep
t. 2
006.
E =
end
ange
red;
T =
thr
eate
ned
Doe
s no
t in
clud
e st
ate
liste
d pl
ants
.
4 BC
R 3
0 M
id-A
tlan
tic/
Sout
hern
New
Eng
land
Bir
d C
onse
rvat
ion
Reg
ion.
Fin
al I
mpl
emen
tati
on P
lan,
Jun
e 20
08.
Mel
anie
Ste
inka
mp,
Atl
anti
c C
oast
Joi
nt V
entu
re,
Lau
rel,
MD
.
HH
=hi
ghes
t pr
iori
ty: H
= h
igh
prio
rity
; M =
med
ium
pri
orit
y
5 PIF
44
Mid
-Atl
anti
c C
oast
al P
lain
Par
tner
s In
Flig
ht. U
pdat
ed N
orth
east
Phy
siog
raph
ic A
reas
PIF
Sco
res,
Oct
ober
200
3. M
igra
tory
Bir
d O
ffi c
e U
.S. F
ish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ice,
Had
ley,
MA
.
1a =
hig
h co
ntin
enta
l con
cern
and
hig
h re
gion
al r
espo
nsib
ility
1b
= h
igh
cont
inen
tal c
once
rn a
nd lo
w r
egio
nal r
espo
nsib
ility
2a
= h
igh
regi
onal
con
cern
2b
= h
igh
regi
onal
res
pons
ibili
ty
2c =
hig
h re
gion
al t
hrea
ts
3 =
add
itio
nal f
eder
ally
list
ed s
peci
es
4 =
add
itio
nal s
tate
list
ed s
peci
es
Refuge Resources of Concern
Appendix D. Refuge Resources of Concern
Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Refuge Resources of Concern
D-68
6 Del
awar
e C
ompr
ehen
sive
Wild
life
Con
serv
atio
n St
rate
gy. 2
005.
Dat
a fr
om t
he E
xcel
fi le
dev
elop
ed b
y th
e F
eder
al A
id o
ffi c
e of
US
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e, H
adle
y,
MA
. Sep
t. 2
006.
1 =
mos
t in
nee
d
2
= in
nee
d, n
ot a
s ur
gent
Lis
ted
all b
irds
, mam
mal
s, fi
sh, r
epti
les,
am
phib
ians
and
non
-art
hrop
od in
vert
ebra
tes.
For
art
hrop
od in
vert
ebra
tes
(209
spe
cies
), on
ly t
he fe
dera
l and
sta
te
liste
d en
dang
ered
and
thr
eate
ned
spec
ies
are
liste
d.
7 US
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e. 2
002.
Bir
ds o
f con
serv
atio
n co
ncer
n 20
02.
Div
isio
n of
Mig
rato
ry B
ird
Man
agem
ent,
Arl
ingt
on, V
irgi
nia.
99p
p. (
Onl
ine
vers
ion
avai
labl
e at
htt
p://m
igra
tory
bird
s.fw
s.go
v/re
port
s/bb
c200
2.pd
f)
8 Fed
eral
Tru
st F
ish
Spec
ies
US
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e Po
pula
tion
Tre
nd D
ata.
I =
incr
easi
ng; D
= d
ecre
asin
g
9 Nor
th A
tlan
tic
Reg
iona
l Sho
rebi
rd P
lan.
Cla
rk a
nd N
iles
2000
.
5 =
hig
hly
impe
rile
d –
all s
peci
es li
sted
as
thre
aten
ed o
r en
dang
ered
nat
iona
lly, p
lus
all s
peci
es w
ith
sign
ifi ca
nt p
opul
atio
n de
clin
es a
nd e
ithe
r lo
w p
opul
atio
ns
or s
ome
othe
r hi
gh r
isk
fact
or.
4
= s
peci
es o
f hig
h co
ncer
n –
popu
lati
ons
of t
hese
spe
cies
are
kno
wn
or t
houg
ht t
o be
dec
linin
g an
d ha
ve s
ome
othe
r kn
own
or p
oten
tial
thr
eat
as w
ell.
3
= s
peci
es o
f mod
erat
e co
ncer
n –
popu
lati
ons
of t
hese
spe
cies
are
eit
her
a) d
eclin
ing
wit
h m
oder
ate
thre
ats
or d
istr
ibut
ions
; b) i
ncre
asin
g bu
t w
ith
know
n or
po
tent
ial t
hrea
ts a
nd m
oder
ate
to r
estr
icte
d di
stri
buti
ons;
or
c) o
f mod
erat
e si
ze.
2
= s
peci
es o
f low
con
cern
– p
opul
atio
ns o
f the
se s
peci
es a
re e
ithe
r a)
sta
ble
wit
h m
oder
ate
thre
ats
and
dist
ribu
tion
s; b
) inc
reas
ing
but
wit
h kn
own
or p
oten
tial
th
reat
s an
d m
oder
ate
to r
estr
icte
d di
stri
buti
ons;
or
c) o
f mod
erat
e si
ze.
1
= s
peci
es n
ot a
t ri
sk –
all
othe
r sp
ecie
s w
here
the
re is
app
aren
tly
no c
urre
nt r
isk
of p
opul
atio
n de
clin
e.
10W
ater
bird
Pla
n: J
ames
A. K
ushl
an, M
elan
ie J
. Ste
inka
mp,
Kat
hari
ne C
. Par
sons
, Jac
k C
app,
Mar
tin
Aco
sta
Cru
z, M
alco
lm C
oult
er, I
an D
avid
son,
Lon
ey D
icks
on,
Nao
mi E
dels
on, R
icha
rd E
lliot
, R. M
icha
el E
rwin
, Sco
tt H
atch
, Ste
phen
Kre
ss, R
ober
t M
ilko,
Ste
ve M
iller
, Kyr
a M
ills,
Ric
hard
Pau
l, R
ober
to P
hilli
ps, J
orge
E.
Saliv
a, B
ill S
ydem
an, J
ohn
Trap
p, J
enni
fer
Whe
eler
, and
Ken
t W
ohl.
200
2. W
ater
bird
Con
serv
atio
n fo
r th
e A
mer
icas
: The
Nor
th A
mer
ican
Wat
erbi
rd C
onse
rvat
ion
Pla
n, V
ersi
on 1
. W
ater
bird
Con
serv
atio
n fo
r th
e A
mer
icas
. W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C, U
.S A
.
HI
= h
ighl
y im
peri
led;
H =
hig
h ri
sk;
M =
mod
erat
e ri
sk;
L =
low
ris
k; N
R =
not
cur
rent
ly a
t ri
sk; -
= s
peci
es t
o be
ass
esse
d in
Ver
sion
2 o
f the
Nor
th
Am
eric
an W
ater
bird
Con
serv
atio
n P
lan
11 M
AN
EM
Wat
erbi
rd W
orki
ng G
roup
. 20
06. W
ater
bird
Con
serv
atio
n P
lan
for
the
Mid
-Atl
anti
c/N
ew E
ngla
nd/M
arit
imes
Reg
ion:
200
6-20
10. W
ater
bird
Con
serv
atio
n fo
r th
e A
mer
icas
(ww
w.w
ater
bird
cons
erva
tion
.org
).
Tabl
e 10
– R
egio
nal w
ater
bird
pop
ulat
ion
cons
erva
tion
pri
orit
ies
in t
he M
id-A
tlan
tic/
New
Eng
land
/Mar
itim
es r
egio
n of
Nor
th A
mer
ica.
HH
= h
ighe
st; H
= h
igh;
M =
mod
erat
e; L
= lo
w (d
id n
ot in
clud
e al
l the
Low
spe
cies
)
12N
orth
Am
eric
an W
ater
fow
l Man
agem
ent
Pla
n, P
lan
Com
mit
tee.
200
4. N
orth
Am
eric
an W
ater
fow
l Man
agem
ent
Pla
n 20
04. I
mpl
emen
tati
on F
ram
ewor
k:
Stre
ngth
enin
g th
e B
iolo
gica
l Fou
ndat
ion.
Can
adia
n W
ildlif
e Se
rvic
e, U
.S. F
ish
and
Wild
life
Serv
ice,
Sec
reta
ria
de M
edio
Am
bien
te y
Rec
urso
s N
atur
ales
, 106
pp.
Po
pula
tion
tre
nd 1
970
– 20
03:
I
= in
crea
sing
; S
= s
tabl
e; D
= d
ecre
asin
g; U
= u
nkno
wn