reflections of wwi
DESCRIPTION
Reflections of WWI. Ch.23 . High Casualty Rates. British Empire (Britain, Canada, Australia, India, etc…) 1 million dead France: 1.7 Million Dead Germany: 2 Million Austro-Hungarian Empire: 2 Million Dead Italy: 460,000 Dead Russia: 1.7 Million Dead United States 112,000 Dead . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Company
LOGO
Reflections of WWI
Ch.23
![Page 2: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
High Casualty Rates• British Empire (Britain, Canada, Australia, India, etc…) 1 million
dead• France: 1.7 Million Dead• Germany: 2 Million• Austro-Hungarian Empire: 2 Million Dead• Italy: 460,000 Dead• Russia: 1.7 Million Dead• United States 112,000 Dead
![Page 3: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
War and American Society • $32 Billion spent on the war for the USHow did they finance it?1) “Liberty Bonds”2) Taxes (Graduated Income Tax, Inheritance Tax.
How did they organize the economy?3) Council of National Defense 4) Civil Advisory Commission*Split duties up within different departments*
War Industries Board (1917)- Oversee military supplies.
![Page 4: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Labor and the War
National War Labor Board (1918)• 8 Hour Work Day• Minimal living standards• Equal pay for women• Right of unions to organize and bargain together. (But in achieving these successes, gave up the right to
strike!!!)
• Ludlow Massacre- Ludlow, ColoradoMiners held strikesState militia attackedKilled 39 people and ended the strike.
![Page 7: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Economic and Social Results of War• Huge boom in the economy.• More work for Minorities
• Great Migration- African Americans from the South flood into the cities.
• Causes issues with residing blacks and whites
• Race Riots- White and black neighborhoods often became violent (East St. Louis)
![Page 8: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Peace Movement and Suppressing Dissent Fight for Peace• German Americans, Irish Americans, Religious pacifists,
intellectuals, Women’s Peace Party, Socialists = worked for peace and end to war.
Selling the War• Support for the war was pretty high. • Examples: Volunteer enlistments, Women joining the
Red Cross, War bonds, Churches, etc…• Propaganda- Committee of Public Information- Supplied 75 million pro-war propaganda.
![Page 11: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Suppressing the Dissent• Crude Propaganda• Espionage Act- Punishment for spying, sabotage, obstruction
of the war effort. • Sabotage Act & Sedition Act- Make any public dissent to the
war illegal. (Socialist Party and Industrial Workers of the World.)
• 100% Americanism- Opposition to immigrants and anything “Un-American”
*Defines America for a VERY LONG TIME!!!***
![Page 12: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
New World Order Why was America fighting?Wilson argued these points….The Fourteen Points:• Recognition of freedom of the seas• An end to the practice of making secret treaties• Reduction of national armaments• Self-determination for various nationalities within the
Austro-Hungarian empire• Free trade • League of NationsIssues: No solution for self-determinationFailed to acknowledge international relation issues Idealistic
![Page 15: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Obstacles for the 14 Points
• Few liked Wilson• Allied Powers were uncompromising• Poor judgment appealing to Americans to
support it.
“In the name of the people of the United States, I have uttered as the objects of this great war ideals and nothing but ideals, and the war has been won by that inspiration… There is a great wave of moral force moving through the world, and every man who opposes that wind will go down in disgrace.”
![Page 16: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Paris Peace Conference • Great Britain: Lloyd George• France: Clemenceau• US: Wilson• Italy: Vittorio Orlando
Victories for Wilson: Freedom of the seasFree tradeOpen covenants
Defeats:Impartial mediationNational self-determinationReparations ($56 billion) (Germany only paid $9 billion)
![Page 17: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Other Wilson Victories• “Trusteeship”• Blocked the splitting of Germany• Created Yugoslavia & Czechoslovakia• Jan 25, 1919: Allies voted for the League of NationsMembers: Britain, US, France, Italy, & Japan
Ratification Issues:-Republicans disagreed with much of the 14 Points-Wilson attempted to get changes in Europe-Republicans unimpressed.-Henry Cabot Lodge(Foreign Relations Committee) Did
everything he could to keep the bill from being passed.
![Page 18: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Wilson’s Pride and Health• Wilson didn’t budge• Went on a cross-country trip to promote
the 14 Points• Health deteriorates and suffers a major
stroke.
• Congress called for amendments, Wilson refused, did not pass.
![Page 19: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Society in Turmoil• Postwar recession-Gov. hadn’t prepared for the end of the war.-Inflation-Hurt gains unions had achieved • Fear of change
![Page 20: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Worker StrikesBoston Police Strike: -Police off the job-Boston became chaos-National Guard sent to calm things
Steel Workers Strike: -Greatest strike in US history-Very Violent-January the strike fell apart-Even the unions stopped backing the strike
![Page 21: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Demands of African Americans• New attitude: Demand respect• Tension grows between whites and blacks. • 1919, Chicago Race Riots: Black teen swimming in
Lake Michigan drifted to a white beach. Whites stoned him to death.
• Massive riot broke out in Chicago.
• Marcus Garvey’s Black Nationalism: Instilled pride in blacks and their culture.
• UNIA- United Negro Improvement Association- Start• black businesses.
![Page 24: Reflections of WWI](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062316/568166fa550346895ddb5bad/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Red Scare
• Identify:- Red Scare- Sacco and Vanzetti