References/BibliographyHarvardStyle

BasedonStylemanualforauthors,editorsandprintersrevisedbySnooks&Co.2002

July2014 1/12

ReferencingwithHarvard

Whenwritingassignmentsyoumustacknowledgethesourceofyourideasandquotesinsufficientdetailsothatthosereadingcanlocatetheitem.Referencingisimportanttoavoidplagiarism,toverifyquotationsandtoenablereaderstofollowupwhatyouhavewrittenandlocatethecitedauthorswork.TheHarvardstyleisagenericauthordatestyleforcitingandreferencinginformationused.Therearemanystyleswhichfollowtheauthordateconvention,includingtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)andtheChicagoManualofStyle.ThisguideisbasedonanAustralianstylemanual(AGPSstyle)nowrevisedbySnooks&Co,2002.Note: Beforeyoucreateyourlistofreferences,checkwithyourlecturerortutorforthebibliographicstylepreferredbytheSchool.

Keepinmindthefollowingpoints:

Writedownallthecitationdetailsofasourceasyouuseit. Placequotationmarksaroundadirectquoteandincludepagenumber(s)whenquotingdirectly. Insertbriefcitationsattheappropriateplacesinthetextofyourdocument. Compileareferencelistattheendofthedocumentthatincludesfulldetailsofallreferencescited.Intextcitations:

Inanauthordatestyle,intextcitationsusuallyrequirethenameoftheauthor(s)andtheyearofpublication. Apagenumberisincludedifyouhaveadirectquote,paraphraseapassageoryouwanttodirectthereadertoaspecificpage.Pagenumbersmay

alsobeincludedifyouarereferringtoalongworkandthepagenumbersmightbeusefultothereader.

Howtocreateareferencelist/bibliography

Areferencelistcontainsonlythebooks,articles,andwebpagesetcthatarecitedinthetextofthedocument.Abibliographyincludesallsourcesconsultedforbackgroundorfurtherreading.

Areferencelistisarrangedalphabeticallybyauthor.Ifanitemhasnoauthor,itiscitedbytitle,andincludedinthealphabeticallistusingthefirstsignificantwordofthetitle.

Ifyouhavemorethanoneitemwiththesameauthor,listtheitemschronologically,startingwiththeearliestpublication.

July2014 2/14

ContentsBook.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3

Chapterinabook.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Conferencepaper........................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

JournalArticle..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................6

Thesis...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6

Webpage.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8

Table,ImageorDiagram..............................................................................................................................................................................................................9

OtherInternetsources.................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

Patent.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

Standard.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

Map............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

DVDorVideo..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

Dataset.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

LectureNotes.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

Personalcommunication...........................................................................................................................................................................................................13

Indirectcitation..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................13

Directquotation.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................14

July2014 3/14

BookElementsofthecitation

Author(s)ofbookfamilynameandinitialsYearofpublication,Titleofbookitalicised,Edition,Publisher,Placeofpublication.

Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetype

Singleauthor Sophisticatedsearchingtechniquesareimportantinfindinginformation(Berkman1994)ORBerkman(1994,p.25)claimedthatORBerkman(1994,pp.3035)agreesthat

Berkman,RI1994,FindItfast:howtouncoverexpertinformationonanysubject,HarperPerennial,NewYork.

Book

2authors fromanengineeringperspective(Cengel&Boles1994)ORCengelandBoles(1994)found

Cengel,YA&Boles,MA1994,Thermodynamics:anengineeringapproach,2ndedn,McGrawHill,London.

Book

3authors aspreviouslydemonstrated(Reid,Parsons&Green1989)

Reid,DH,Parsons,MB&Green,CW1989,Staffmanagementinhumanservices:behavioralresearchandapplication,CharlesC.Thomas,Springfield.

Book

4ormoreauthors

neckpaincausedbywhiplash(Julletal.2008).ORJulletal.(2008)haveargued

Jull,G,Sterling,M,Fallah,D,Treleaven,J&O'Leary,S2008,Whiplashheadacheandneckpain:researchbaseddirectionsforphysicaltherapies,ChurchillLivingstone,Edinburgh.

Book

Noauthor alreadymentioned(Be,know,do:leadershiptheArmyway2004).ORInBe,know,do:leadershiptheArmyway(2004)thereisaninterestingexample

Be,know,do:leadershiptheArmyway2004,JosseyBass,SanFrancisco.

Book

July2014 4/14

Multipleworksbythesameauthor

geologyofQueenslandsnationalparks(Willmott2004,2006).

Willmott,WF2004,RocksandlandscapesofthenationalparksofsouthernQueensland,GeologicalSocietyofAustralia,QueenslandDivision,Brisbane.Willmott,WF2006,RocksandlandscapesofthenationalparksofcentralQueensland,GeologicalSocietyofAustralia,QueenslandDivision,Brisbane.Orderchronologicallyinthereferencelist.

Book

Multipleworksbythesameauthor,publishedinthesameyear

geographicallyspeaking(Dawkins1996a,1996b)

Dawkins,R1996a,ClimbingMountImprobable,Viking,London.Dawkins,R1996b,RiveroutofEden,Phoenix,London.Orderalphabeticallybytitleinthereferencelist.

Book

Twoormoreworksbydifferentauthors

rockformations(Dawkins1996;Willmott2004)

Dawkins,R1996,ClimbingMountImprobable,Viking,London.Willmott,WF2004,RocksandlandscapesofthenationalparksofsouthernQueensland,GeologicalSocietyofAustralia,QueenslandDivision,Brisbane.

Book

Bookbyanorganisationorinstitution

inthecaseofaninstitution(AustralianGovernmentPublishingService1987)

AustralianGovernmentPublishingService1987,Commonwealthprintingandpublishingmanual,2ndedn,A.G.P.S.,Canberra.

Book

DifferentEditions themeaningofeducationalresearch(Pring2004)

Pring,R2004,Philosophyofeducationalresearch,2ndedn,Continuum,London.Theeditionstatementisplacedafterthetitleofthework.Thisisnotnecessaryforafirstedition.

Book

Editedbook somefindings(Sjostrand1993)ORopticsdefined(Pike&Sarkar1986)

Sjostrand,S(ed.)1993,Institutionalchange:theoryandempiricalfindings,M.E.Sharpe,Armonk,N.Y.Pike,ER&Sarkar,S(eds.)1986,Frontiersinquantumoptics,AdamHilger,Bristol.

Editedbook

BookSeries IndefiningpermutationgroupsBhattacharjee(1998)

Bhattacharjee,M1998,Notesofinfinitepermutationgroups,Lecturenotesinmathematicsno.1698,Springer,NewYork.

Book

eBook

Thenumberofmolecules(Kamal2010)

Kamal,AA2010,1000solvedproblemsinmodernphysics,SpringerBerlinHeidelberg,Berlin,viewed3April2014,DOI10.1007/9783642043338,(SpringerLink).

ElectronicBookAddthenameof

July2014 5/14

EntertheDigitalObjectIdentifier(ifavailable)intheDOI

field. IfthebookwasaccessedviaafreewebsiteputtheURLin

theURLfield.

theprovideroftheelectronicversioninparentheses.

ChapterinabookElementsofthecitation

Author(s)ofchapterfamilynameandinitialsYearofpublication,Titleofchapterinsinglequotationmarks,inEditor(s)familynameandinitials(eds),Titleofbookitalicised,Edition,Publisher,Placeofpublication,Pagenumbers.

Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypeChapterinaneditedbook

Bernstein(1995)explainedintelligenttrafficflows.

Bernstein,D1995,Transportationplanning,inChenWF(ed.),Thecivilengineeringhandbook,CRCPress,BocaRaton,pp.23161.

Booksection

ConferencepaperElementsofthecitation

Author(s)ofpaperfamilynameandinitialsYearofpublication,Titleofpaperinsinglequotationmarks,Titleofpublishedproceedingswhichmayincludeplaceheldanddate(s)italicised,Publisher,PlaceofPublication,Pagenumber(s).

Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNotereferencetype

Publishedconferencepaper

Bourassa(1999)emphasised Bourassa,S1999,Effectsofchildcareonyoungchildren,ProceedingsofthethirdannualmeetingoftheInternationalSocietyforChildPsychology,InternationalSocietyforChildPsychology,Atlanta,Georgia,pp.446.

Booksection

Unpublished estimatingpartnerchange(Bowdenand Bowden,FJ&Fairley,CK1996,EndemicSTDsintheNorthern Conferencepaper

July2014 6/14

conferencepaper Fairley1996) Territory:estimationsofeffectiveratesofpartnerchange,paperpresentedtothescientificmeetingoftheRoyalAustralianCollegeofPhysicians,Darwin,2425June.

JournalArticleElementsofthecitation

Author(s)ofjournalarticlefamilynameandinitialsYearofpublication,Titleofjournalarticleinsinglequotationmarks,Titleofjournalitalicised,Volume,Issueornumber,Pagenumber(s).

ReferencetypePrint/Online

Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNotereferencetype

Journalarticleswithpagenumbers

Huffman(1996)expandedonthetheoryORusesforwheyprotein(Huffman1996).

Huffman,LM1996,Processingwheyproteinforuseasafoodingredient,FoodTechnology,vol.50,no.2,pp.4952.

Journalarticle

Onlinejournalarticlewithoutpagenumbers

thedisciplineofarthistory(DonahueWallace&Chanda2005)

DonahueWallace,K&Chanda,J2005,'Acasestudyinintegratingthebestpracticesoffacetofacearthistoryandonlineteaching',InteractiveMultimediaElectronicJournalofComputerEnhancedLearning,vol.7,no.1,viewed30January2009,.

ElectronicarticleinEndNote

ThesisElementsofthecitation

AuthorofthesisfamilynameandinitialsYearofpreparationofthesis,Titleofthesisinsinglequotationmarks,Award,Institutionissuingdegree,Locationofinstitution.

Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypeThesis Exelby(1997)describedtheprocess Exelby,HRA1997,Aspectsofgoldandmineralliberation,PhD Thesis

July2014 7/14

ORprocessinggold(Exelby1997)

thesis,UniversityofQueensland,Brisbane.Thetitleisnotitalicisedandisplacedinquotationmarks.

ReportElementsofthecitation

Author(s)ofreport(personororganisation)YearofPublication,Titleofreportitalicised,Reportnumber(ifavailable),Publisher/Institution,Placeofpublication,(vieweddate,URLifaccessedelectronically).

Referencetype

Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNotereferencetype

Report inQueenslandwaterways(Mortimer&Cox1999)

Mortimer,M&Cox,M1999,ContaminantsinmudcrabsandsedimentsfromtheMaroochyRiver,Environmenttechnicalreportno.25,QueenslandDepartmentoftheEnvironment,Brisbane.

ReportUsetheinstitutionfieldforpublishername

Reportwithcorporateauthor

(AustralianInstituteofHealthandWelfare2010)

AustralianInstituteofHealthandWelfare2010,ChildprotectionAustralia200809,Childwelfareseriesno.47.Cat.no.CWS35,AustralianInstituteofHealthandWelfare,Canberra.

Report

Usetheinstitutionfieldforpublishername

July2014 8/14

WebpageElementsofthecitation

Author(s)ofpage(personororganisation)Year(pagecreatedorrevised),Titleofpageitalicised,Publisher(ifapplicable),Placeofpublication(ifapplicable),vieweddate,URL.Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypeWebpagewithauthor

thisagreement(Albanese2009) Albanese,A2009,Fairercompensationforairtravellers,mediarelease,29January,MinisterforInfrastructure,Transport,RegionalDevelopmentandLocalGovernment,viewed30January2009,.

Webpage

Webpagenoauthor

(Behaviourmodification2007) Behaviourmodification2007,Viewed31August2011,.

Webpagewithinstitutionalororganisationalauthor

(QueenslandHealth2009) QueenslandHealth2009,Sunsafetyandphysicalactivity,viewed31August2011,.

Webpage

Webpagewithnodateofpublication

ithasbeenarguedthatemotionalintelligenceisacombinationofcompetencies(Blissn.d.)

Bliss,SEn.d.,Theeffectofemotionalintelligenceonamodernorganizationalleadersabilitytomakeeffectivedecisions,viewed10February2008,.

Webpage

July2014 9/14

Table,ImageorDiagramElementsofthecitation

Author(s)ofitemfamilynameandinitialsYearofpublication,Titleofitemitalicised,Edition,Publisher,Placeofpublication.Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetype (Newton2007)

Referencesareplaceddirectlyunderthetable,diagramorimage.

Newton,AC2007,Forestecologyandconservation:ahandbookoftechniques,OxfordUniversityPress,Oxford.

Book

Usetherelevantreferencetypefortheitemyouareciting.

OtherInternetsourcesElementsofthecitation

Author(s)Year,Titleitalicised,Typeofmedium,Publisher(ifapplicable),Placeofpublication(ifapplicable),Vieweddate,URL.Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypePodcasts (Williams2011) Williams,R2011,NewlabforancientDNA:ScienceShow,Podcast,

ABC,viewed31October2011,.

Audiovisualmaterial

BlogPost (ONeill2011) O'Neill,I2011,CouldKeplerDetectBorgCubes?WhyNot,AstroEngine,viewed5October2011,

WebPage

July2014 10/14

.

Usethepublisherfieldforblogname

YouTubevideo (UniversityofQueensland2010) UniversityofQueensland2010,UniversityofQueenslanddugongconservationresearch,onlinevideo,viewed3December2012,.

WebPage

PatentElementsofthecitation

Author(s)ofpatentfamilynameandinitialsYearofissue,Titleofpatentitalicised,Numberofpatentincludingcountryofissue.Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypePatent gasinsulatedtransmissionsystems(Cookson

1985)Cookson,AH1985,Particletrapforcompressedgasinsulatedtransmissionsystems,USPatent4554399.

Patent

StandardElementsofthecitation

CorporatebodyissuingstandardYearofpublication,Titleofstandarditalicised,Numberofstandardincludingidentifierofissuingcountryorbody,Publisherofstandard,Placeofpublication.Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypeStandard steelsareclassified(InternationalOrganization

forStandardization1982)InternationalOrganizationforStandardization1982,Steelsclassificationpart1:classificationofsteelsintounalloyedandalloysteelsbasedonchemicalcomposition,ISO49481:1982,InternationalOrganizationforStandardization,Geneva.

Standard

July2014 11/14

MapElementsofthecitation

IssuingbodyYearofpublication,Titleofmapitalicised,Series(ifavailable),Publisher,Placeofpublication.Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypeMap readingthismap(DepartmentofMinesand

Energy,Queensland1996)DepartmentofMinesandEnergy,Queensland1996,Dotswood,Australia1:100000geologicalseries,sheet8158,DepartmentofMinesandEnergy,Queensland,Brisbane.

Map

DVDorVideoElementsofthecitation

Author/Producer/DirectorYear,Title,Typeofmedium,Publisher,Place.Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypeDVDorVideo

(Smith2009) Smith,S2009,Excellenceinteaching:lessonplanning,DVD,SunburstMedia,Plainview,NY.

Audiovisualmedia

AddDVDtotheTypefield.

July2014 12/14

DatasetThebelowgeneralelementsmaybeincludedwhencitingdata.Manyrepositoriesalsoproviderecommendationsonhowtocitedata.

Investigator(s),Year,Titleitalicised,Version(optional),Producer,Placeofpublication,DataType(optional),DOIorURLReferencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypeDataset Thedatathatgoeswiththisarticleisavailable

(Adams2011)Adams, T 2011, Wastewater treatment systems, 2005-2009, Plant Systems, Brisbane, Data file, http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/SYS5425.

Dataset

LectureNotesElementsofthecitation

Nameofauthor(s)ortheinstitutionresponsible,use&formultipleauthorsYearofpublication,Titleandsubtitleofpublicationitalicised,Typeofmedium,Nameofinstitution,Locationofinstitution.

Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypeLecturenotes (Johnson2008) Johnson,A2008,Week3Pipes,PowerPointslides,University

ofQueensland,Brisbane.

AddPowerPointslidestotheSeriesTitlefield.

Book

July2014 13/14

PersonalcommunicationElementsofthecitation

Informationobtainedbyinterview,telephonecall,letteroremailshouldbedocumentedinthetext,butshouldNOTbeincludedinthelistofReferences.

Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNote

referencetypePersonalcommunication

Wheninterviewedon15June1995,DrPeterJonesexplainedthatORThiswaslaterverballyconfirmed(PJones1995,pers.comm.,15June).

DonotincludeintheReferenceList

IndirectcitationAnindirectcitationiswhentheideasofoneauthorarepublishedinanotherauthorstextbutyouhavenotreadoraccessedtheoriginalauthorswork.InthelistofReferencesprovidethedetailsoftheauthoroftheworkyouhaveread.

Referencetype Intextexamples Referencelistexample EndNotereferencetype

Indirectcitationorsecondarysource

Miller(citedinAgrios2005)found

itwasfound(MillercitedinAgrios2005).

AgriosGN,2005,Plantpathology,5thedn,Elsevier,Burlington,MA.

Book

Usetherelevantreferencetypefortheitemyouare

July2014 14/14

AddcitedinmanuallyusingEditCitationoption.

citing.

Directquotation Adirectquotationreproduceswordforwordmaterialdirectlyquotedfromanotherauthorswork,orfromyourownpreviouslypublishedwork. Ifthequotationisfewerthan40words,incorporateitintoyourparagraphandenclosethequotationindoublequotationmarks. Ifthequotationcomprises40ormorewords,displayitinanindented,freestandingblockoftext,withoutquotationmarks.Attheendofablock

quotation,citethequotedsourceandthepagenumberinparentheses,afterthefinalpunctuationmark. Ifyouhavedirectlyquotedwordsfromasource(ininvertedcommas,orinanindentedparagraph),providetheauthor,year,andspecificpage

numberforthatquotation.(Formaterialwithoutpagenumbers,givetheparagraphnumber.)Includeacompletereferenceinthereferencelist.