REFERENCING AT NAZARETH COLLEGE

WHAT IS REFERENCING????

When you are writing an assignment you MUST acknowledge the author who wrote the point, idea or phrase that you are using.

Failure to attribute or reference an idea or a quotation to its author can be construed as plagiarism.

SSABSA does not have a written policy on referencing,but it does have a written policy on PLAGIARISM.

A reference is required if you:   

  quote (use someone else’s exact words)

copy (use their figures, tables or structure)

paraphrase (use their idea in your own words)

summarise (use a brief account of their ideas).

Referencing styles

Author-date systems

- include both the author name and date in the text

Numerical systems

– use a number in the text to refer to a source

Formerly Harvard Style

Chicago Style

1. Brief references within the text

acknowledging where you have summarised or made direct quotations from other people's work.

2. Alphabetically ordered reference list at the end of your work

that includes essential bibliographic information for each of the references you have made in your text.

Author-Date

In text references should include…

the author’s surname (family name)     

the year of publication (latest edition)

page numbers if appropriate

Johnson (1996, p. 221) argued that, ' the glamour associated with events such as the Melbourne Cup serves to mask the tragedy associated with gambling'

OR

...and it could be argued that, ' the glamour associated with events such as the Melbourne Cup serves to mask the tragedy associated with gambling' (Johnson 1996, p. 221)

Examples..

Long quotationsLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Sed ante lectus, luctus vitae, placerat convallis, facilisis in, elit. Nunc ultricies magna vitae lacus.

The observer is dispassionate and independent of the object of observation. Knowledge is objective, generisable, and can [usually] be used to predict and control future events (Sanderson 2001, p.198)

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Sed ante lectus, luctus vitae, placerat convallis, facilisis in,

Paraphrasing

More recent studies, including those by Ward and Foot (1999, p.60) note increasing dissatisfaction with how the taxation system handles superannuation

Using Ellipis ……

‘… the explorers were not pushing out into the wilderness’ (Reynolds

2000, p.20)

Quote from a quote

Quote both sources

Graham Gibbs, in his 1981 study into student learning wrote that ‘because students are aware of their tutor’s mastery of the subject matter, it is quite common for them to assume that their reader has no needs at all’ (Gibbs 1981, p.39, quoted in Bowden 1985, p.35).

overall content of a work

Larsen and Greene (1989) studied the effects of pollution in three major cities...

From a journal

(Entwhistle 1977, p. 23)

for an idea only:

(Entwistle 1977)

more than one author

(Sontag and Paglia 1987)

more than three authors

Browne et al. (1987) argued that...

OR:

(Browne et al, 1987)

From newspapers

(Sydney Morning Herald 7 Mar. 1994, p.8)

An internet source

(Cogdill 1996)

If the author's name is unknown, cite the website URL:

(http://www.aaa.unsw.edu.au)

A film or video

(Three Colours Red, 1995)

interview or personal communication

It has been confirmed by Seow (2003, pers. comm., July) that this practice is widespread.

Davenport confirmed this by email on 1 August 2003

At the end of your assignment or essay you will need to include..

Reference List

Although these two terms are often used interchangeably, they refer to two different things.

and/or

Bibliography

Joyner, K. T. 1996, Swimming For Health, Prentice Hall, Sydney

Reference List Format…

Bibliographies & Reference Lists

Surname of author

are organised ALPHABETICALLY by

Van Biema, D. 1996,"Genesis Reconsidered“ TIME, Nov. 4, pp 70-81.

Fist, S. 1994, "The call to disconnect analogue phones" The Australian, 2 Aug., p. 25

Title of book, article, etc.

OR

Examples..

Carnegie, Dale, 1936, How to Win Friends & Influence People, HarperCollins Publishers, Sydney, pp 1-47.

Brown, H. 1995, Citing Computer References, Accessed 12 Oct. 1998 <<http://neal.ctstateu.edu/history/cite.html >>

Van Biema, David, 1996,"Genesis Reconsidered", TIME, Nov. 4, pp 70-81.

Silent hunter. 1986. Producer, John Varty; director, Duncan McLachlan. s.l: Londolozi Productions. 1 videocassette (VHS) (49 mins). [Video recording]

Fist, S. 1994, “The call to disconnect analogue phones” The Australian, 2 Aug., p.25

‘Efficient low cost solar cell developed’ 1994, Search, vol. 25, p. 309

The interview game. 1985. London: BBC. [Video recording]

Task

Write a Bibliography that includes:

A book An article A website