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Sarmah, A.K., Kookana, R.S. (1999). Simultaneous analysis of triasulfuron,metsulfuron-methyl and chlorsulfuron in water and alkaline soils by high-performanceliquid chromatography. Journal-of-Environmental-Science-and-Health-Part-B-Pesticides-Food-Contaminants-and-Agricultural-Wastes. May, 1999; 34(3), 363-380.
Sarmah, A.K., Kookana, R.S., Duffy, M.J., Alston, A.M., Harch, B.D. (2000).Hydrolysis of triasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl and chlorsulfuron in alkaline soil andaqueous solutions. Pest Management Science. May 56(5), 463-471.
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142
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143
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144
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Chromatography (High Performance Thin Layer (HPTLC),
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)). Kovats
Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometry (FTIR).
Appendix B: Size Fractionation of Dried Soils of the Yorke Peninsula.
145
Appendix A
High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)
Figure A1: High performance thin layer chromatography of glutamic acid (glu), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the conjugate of 2,4-D and glu (2,4-D-glu). The dashed line represents the solvent front.
glu glu2,4-D 2,4-D2,4-D-glu
146
Figure A2: High performance thin layer chromatography of aspartic acid (asp), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the conjugate of 2,4-D and asp (2,4-D-asp). The dashed line represents the solvent front.
2,4-D-aspasp asp2,4-D 2,4-D
147
Figure A3: High performance thin layer chromatography of aspartic acid (asp),glutamic acid (glu) and three soil extracts (S1, S2 and S3). The dashedline represents the solvent front.
glu asp S1 S2 S2
148
Figure A4 (a): Mass spectral profile of an analyte obtained from soil extracts thateluted at the solvent front in HPTLC preparations
Figure A4 (b): Isotopic ratio analysis of analytes obtained from soil extracts that eluted at the solvent front in HPTLC preparations (m/z 133, 135 and 137).
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 3400
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 25.411 to 25.425 min.: 25GMAR09.D43
69
95 204
133109
147 18982 161 21817556 344269
329231 316255 284
22.00 22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
5000
10000
15000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 133.00 (132.70 to 133.70): 25GMAR09.D
22.00 22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
5000
10000
15000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 135.00 (134.70 to 135.70): 25GMAR09.D
22.00 22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
5000
10000
15000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 137.00 (136.70 to 137.70): 25GMAR09.D
Figure A4: Isotope ratio analysis of soil extracts
149
Figure A4 (b) continued: Isotopic ratio analysis of analytes obtained from soil extracts that eluted at the solvent front in HPTLC preparations (m/z 145, 147, 149 and 161, 163, 165).
22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
2000
4000
6000
8000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 145.00 (144.70 to 145.70): 25GMAR09.D
22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
2000
4000
6000
8000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 147.00 (146.70 to 147.70): 25GMAR09.D
22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
2000
4000
6000
8000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 149.00 (148.70 to 149.70): 25GMAR09.D
22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Tim e-->
Abundance
Ion 161.00 (160.70 to 161.70): 25G M AR09.D
22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Tim e-->
Abundance
Ion 163.00 (162.70 to 163.70): 25G M AR09.D
22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Tim e-->
Abundance
Ion 165.00 (164.70 to 165.70): 25G M AR09.D
150
(a)
(b)
Figure A5: Pyrrolysis products and mass spectra of the triazine moiety (a) and the non-triazine moiety (b) of chlorsulfuron (a sulfonylurea herbicide).
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1001101201301401501601701801902002102200
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 9.929 to 9.937 min.: 31JUL05.D69
14042 110
58
8395 123 168 219198
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 2000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
22000
24000
26000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 16.318 to 16.318 min.: 31JUL03.D111
75
128
191
50
17564
9241
15684 100
151
(a)
(b)
Figure A6: The mass spectra of 9,Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (a) and Oleoyl alcohol (b)
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 2400
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
140000
150000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 12.948 to 12.955 min.: 03GNOV25.D (-)41 55
67 82
96
109
123
137152 250166 194180 222208
CH3
OH
CH3
O
O
CH3
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 3000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 37.294 to 37.301 min.: 07FEB43.D55
41
67 79
95
108123
135 264149 180 222166 236 296207193 249 278
152
Figure A7: GCMS analysis of twelve aliphatic esters of 2,4-D.
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2200000
2400000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB07.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
2,4-D methyl ester
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2200000
2400000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB09.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
2,4-D ethyl ester
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2200000
2400000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB11.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
2,4-D propyl ester
153
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1001101201301401501601701801902002102202302400
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
140000
150000
160000
170000
180000
190000
200000
210000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 10.434 to 10.441 min.: 07GFEB07.D199
175
45
234
111
14573
161133
63
85 97
36 121 184 21954
2,4-D methyl ester
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 2600
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
220000
240000
260000
280000
300000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 11.288 to 11.302 min.: 07GFEB11.D43
185
175
162
111 145 262
7563 133
22085 9853 205121
2,4-D propyl ester
2,4-D ethyl ester
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 2400
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
140000
150000
160000
170000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 10.780 to 10.787 min.: 07GFEB09.D175
185
111
145
248
162
7559
133213
42
87
98
121 202 224
Figure A7: (continued).
154
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2200000
2400000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB15.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
2,4-D butyl ester
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2200000
2400000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB17.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
2,4-D hexyl ester
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2200000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB19.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
2,4-D octyl ester
Figure A7: (continued).
155
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 2800
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
220000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 11.861 to 11.868 min.: 07GFEB15.D57
41 185
162
145111 276
75 220133
9886 173 241205122
2,4-D butyl ester
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 3000
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
220000
240000
260000
280000
300000
320000
340000
360000
380000
400000
420000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 13.305 to 13.312 min.: 07GFEB17.D43
185
22016285
14557 111 304
13369
98203
2,4-D hexyl ester
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 3400
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 15.181 to 15.202 min.: 07GFEB19.D43 57
71
220
175
162
145111332
8497 128 188204
2,4-D octyl ester
Figure A7: (continued).
156
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2200000
2400000
2600000
2800000
3000000
3200000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 09GFEB21.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
(2,4-D) cis-3-nonenyl ester
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
5000000
5500000
6000000
6500000
7000000
7500000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB25.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH2
(2,4-D) 10-undecenyl ester
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
5000000
5500000
6000000
6500000
7000000
7500000
8000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB27.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
(2,4-D) undecanylester
Figure A7: (continued).
157
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 3400
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
140000
150000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 16.144 to 16.151 min.: 09GFEB21.D54
8268
220
12496
175
14539
161110344
274199
(2,4-D) cis-3-nonenyl ester
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 3200
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 18.687 to 18.701 min.: 07GFEB25.D55
41
220
69
82
17596
111 162145
124
193 330288274
(2,4-D) 10-undecenyl ester
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1001101201301401501601701801902002102202300
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
140000
150000
160000
170000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 18.675 to 18.696 min.: 07GFEB27.D43
57
220
71
175
85 162
111145
185
97133
199
121
(2,4-D) undecanyl
Figure A7: (continued).
158
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
5000000
5500000
6000000
6500000
7000000
7500000
8000000
8500000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB29.D
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
5000000
5500000
6000000
6500000
7000000
7500000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB31.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
(2,4-D) dodecanyl
(2,4-D) hexadecanyl
12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.000
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
5000000
5500000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 07GFEB33.D
O
Cl
Cl
O
O
CH3
(2,4-D) oleoyl ester
Figure A7: (continued).
159
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1001101201301401501601701801902002102202300
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
140000
150000
160000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 19.956 to 19.970 min.: 07GFEB29.D43
57
220
71
175
85 162111
145
18597133
195123 204
(2,4-D) dodecanyl
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 2600
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
140000
150000
160000
170000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 23.256 to 23.263 min.: 07GFEB31.D43
57
220
71
17585
111 16297
145
133186 269
207
(2,4-D) hexadecanyl
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 2400
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000
10500
11000
11500
12000
m/z-->
Abundance
Average of 24.561 to 24.561 min.: 07GFEB33.D55
41
82
96
67
220
110
124 175
138162
152 250207193
(2,4-D) oleoyl ester
Figure A7: (continued).
160
Figure A8: Isotope ratio analysis of the nonenyl ester of 2,4-D prepared bythe method of Sanchez et al. (1991).
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
5000
10000
15000
Time-->
AbundanceIon 133.00 (132.70 to 133.70): 07GFEB21.D
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
5000
10000
15000
Time-->
AbundanceIon 135.00 (134.70 to 135.70): 07GFEB21.D
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
5000
10000
15000
Time-->
AbundanceIon 137.00 (136.70 to 137.70): 07GFEB21.D
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
10000
20000
30000
40000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 145.00 (144.70 to 145.70): 07GFEB21.D
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
10000
20000
30000
40000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 147.00 (146.70 to 147.70): 07GFEB21.D
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
10000
20000
30000
40000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 149.00 (148.70 to 149.70): 07GFEB21.D
161
Figure A8: (continued).
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 161.00 (160.70 to 161.70): 07GFEB21.D
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 163.00 (162.70 to 163.70): 07GFEB21.D
14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 165.00 (164.70 to 165.70): 07GFEB21.D
162
Figure A9: Isotope ratio analysis of whole soil #91
23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
5000100001500020000250003000035000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 133.00 (132.70 to 133.70): 20GJUN02.D
23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
5000100001500020000250003000035000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 135.00 (134.70 to 135.70): 20GJUN02.D
23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
5000100001500020000250003000035000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 137.00 (136.70 to 137.70): 20GJUN02.D
22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 145.00 (144.70 to 145.70): 20GJUN02.D
22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 147.00 (146.70 to 147.70): 20GJUN02.D
22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 149.00 (148.70 to 149.70): 20GJUN02.D
163
Figure A9: (continued).
22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
5000100001500020000250003000035000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 161.00 (160.70 to 161.70): 20GJUN02.D
22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
5000100001500020000250003000035000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 163.00 (162.70 to 163.70): 20GJUN02.D
22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.000
5000100001500020000250003000035000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 165.00 (164.70 to 165.70): 20GJUN02.D
164
Figure A10: GCMS analysis of dust (fraction 5) obtained from soil #47
Note: m/z = 220 was not detected. A high quality control (HQC) mixture of herbicidesand a dust ‘blank’, containing no herbicide, also showed no response other than for theinternal standard emphasizing the specificity of the methodology for 2,4-D and 2,4-Dlike compounds.
10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 178.00 (177.70 to 178.70): 27GMAR03.DIon 133.00 (132.70 to 133.70): 27GMAR03.DIon 145.00 (144.70 to 145.70): 27GMAR03.DIon 162.00 (161.70 to 162.70): 27GMAR03.DIon 220.00 (219.70 to 220.70): 27GMAR03.D
165
Eight fatty acid methylesters were analysed:tetradecanoic acid methylester (14:0); pentadecanoicacid methyl ester (15:0);hexdecanoic acid methylester (16:0); 9,12octadecadienoic acidmethyl ester (18:2); 9octadecenoic acid methylester (18:1); octadecanoicacid methyl ester (18:0);11-eicosenoic acid methylester (20:1); eicosanoicacid methyl ester (20:0).
Twelve aliphatic estersof 2,4-D were analysed:2,4-D methyl ester; 2,4-D ethyl ester; 2,4-Dpropyl ester; 2,4-D butylester; 2,4-D hexyl ester;2,4-D octyl ester; (2,4-D) cis-3-nonenyl ester;(2,4-D) 10-undecenylester; (2,4-D) undecanyl;(2,4-D) dodecanyl; (2,4-D) hexadecanyl and(2,4-D) oleoyl ester.
Kovats analysis of fatty acid methyl esters
y = 0.0236x + 1.1228
= 0.99
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
carbon number
Log
rete
ntio
n tim
e R2
Kovats analysis of 2,4-D aliphatic esters
y = 0.0238x + 0.9899
R 2 = 0.99
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
0 5 10 15 20
carbon number
log
rete
ntio
n tim
e
Figure A11: Kovats analysis of retention time data.
166
Figure A11: (continued).
Kovats analysis of 2,4-D like chemicals
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
0 10 20 30
arithmetic carbon series
y = 0.005x + 1.3613
R2 = 0.95
Log
rete
ntio
n tim
e
167
(a) Scan of an extract of whole soil #58 (no treatment) showing an acid-labile analyte (arrow).
(b) Scan of an extract of whole soil #58 (extracted ion m/z =145) after an acid hydrolysis treatment
Figure A12: Scans of acid and alkali treatments of soil extracts.
21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
21000
22000
23000
24000
25000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 145.00 (144.70 to 145.70): 17GJUN02.D
21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
60000
65000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 145.00 (144.70 to 145.70): 17GJUN04.D
Released 2,4-Dlike chemicals
168
(c) Scan of an extract of whole soil #58 (extracted ion m/z =145) after sequential treatments with acid then alkali.
Figure A12 (continued): Scans of acid and alkali treatments of soil extracts.
21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
21000
22000
23000
24000
25000
26000
Time-->
Abundance
Ion 145.00 (144.70 to 145.70): 27GJUN06.D
169
Figure A13: FTIR of isolated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Figure A14: FTIR of an amino acid conjugate (2,4-D-asp) of 2,4-D.
carbonyl stretching
C-O stretching
N-H stretchingcarbonyl stretching
C-N stretching
Ar-Cl
170
Figure A14 (continued): FTIR of an amino acid conjugate (2,4-D-glu) of 2,4-D.
N-H stretchingcarbonyl stretching Ar-Cl
C-N stretching
171
Figure A15: (a) The oleoyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Figure A15: (b) Soil extract
Figure A15: FTIR of the oleoyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and a soil extract.
Ar-Cl
C-H stretching carbonyl stretching
C-O stretching
C-H stretching
carbonyl stretching
Ar-Cl
C-O stretching
172
a ‘blank’ HPLC trace
TS MS CS
a low quality controlmixture
triasulfuron (TS), metsulfuron-methyl (MS) and chlorsulfuron (CS)
soil containing nosulfonylurea herbicide
soil containingmetsulfuron-methyl
MS
Figure A16: Sulfonylurea analysis of whole soils by HPLC
173
Appendix B
SIZE FRACTIONATION OF DRIED SOILS OF THE YORKE PENINSULA.
174
Whole Soil #39 (Sandy Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #40 (Red Sandy loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #55 (Red Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #56 (Red/Brown Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #9 (Sandy)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #10 (Sandy Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #37 (N/A)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #38 (N/A)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #75 (Grey/Sandy Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #76 (Grey Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Figure B1: Size fractionation of dried soils of the Yorke Peninsula.
175
Whole Soil #47 (Grey Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #48 (Grey Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #79 (Clay / Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #80 (Sand)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #71 (Red Clay loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #72 (Red Clay Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #89 (Sand)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #90 (Loam - Wet Patch)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #63 (Grey Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #64 (N/A)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Figure B1 (continued): Size fractionation of dried soils of the Yorke Peninsula.
176
Whole Soil #97 (Grey Mallee)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #98 (Grey Mallee)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #85 (Heavy Red)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #86 (Sand over Clay)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #44 (Grey Mallee Rise)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #61 (N/A)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #62 (N/A)
01020304050607080
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #99 (Loam)
01020304050607080
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #43 (Red Brown Clay Loam)
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Whole Soil #100 (Loam)
01020304050607080
1 2 3 4 5
Sieve Fraction
Wei
ght (
g)
Figure B1 (continued): Size fractionation of dried soils of the Yorke Peninsula.
177
Mean dry weights (g) Standard deviation of dry weights (g)
SoilID#
x > 2 mm 1 mm < x <2 mm
0.5 mm < x< 1 mm
0.25 mm <x < 0.5 mm
x < 0.25mm
x > 2 mm 1 mm < x <2 mm
0.5 mm < x< 1 mm
0.25 mm <x < 0.5 mm
x < 0.25mm
Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Fraction 3 Fraction 4 Fraction 5 Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Fraction 3 Fraction 4 Fraction 539 0 1 8 46 45 0 0 1 1 340 10 11 12 21 47 2 1 0 0 455 44 15 11 11 19 8 2 1 2 456 25 15 13 16 31 1 0 0 0 19 0 0 2 42 56 0 0 0 1 210 18 11 12 20 38 3 0 1 1 237 19 15 14 17 35 1 2 0 1 038 57 19 10 6 8 7 4 2 1 075 9 10 15 29 38 2 0 1 0 276 15 16 14 18 36 2 1 1 1 147 30 14 12 14 31 3 1 1 0 148 32 13 11 14 30 1 0 0 0 279 13 15 16 18 38 1 0 1 0 180 0 0 1 18 81 0 0 0 1 171 30 13 12 16 29 4 1 1 1 272 33 19 14 15 19 2 1 1 1 289 0 0 10 41 49 0 0 1 2 290 28 21 19 15 17 2 1 1 1 163 32 17 14 12 24 4 0 1 1 564 29 17 14 13 26 2 0 1 0 197 31 17 14 13 25 2 1 1 0 098 25 12 11 16 37 6 1 1 2 4
Table 1: Size fractionation of dried soils of the Yorke Peninsula.
178
Mean dry weights (g) Standard deviation of dry weights (g)
SoilID#
x > 2 mm 1 mm < x <2 mm
0.5 mm < x< 1 mm
0.25 mm <x < 0.5 mm
x < 0.25mm
x > 2 mm 1 mm < x <2 mm
0.5 mm < x< 1 mm
0.25 mm <x < 0.5 mm
x < 0.25mm
Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Fraction 3 Fraction 4 Fraction 5 Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Fraction 3 Fraction 4 Fraction 585 15 14 17 24 28 3 1 0 1 386 0 0 8 51 41 0 0 0 1 143 29 25 19 13 13 5 3 2 2 444 9 10 14 25 42 1 0 1 0 161 13 12 12 19 44 1 1 0 0 162 4 8 12 26 50 1 1 1 0 299 39 22 17 11 9 4 1 1 2 5100 26 21 18 18 16 2 1 0 0 0
Table 1 (continued): Size fractionation of dried soils of the Yorke Peninsula.