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  168 8. REFERENCES  1.  Fergus, Howard, A., Montserrat, History of a Caribbean Colony, London and Basingstoke, MacMillan Caribbean, 1994, p. 4. 2.  Fergus, Howard, A, 1994, ibid , p. 93. 3.  Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan Caribbean, 1993. 4.  URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_11.html  Humanure Handbook. Chapter 3: Compost Myths  5.  Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David Border Composting Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management Markets and Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the Organic Fraction of Household Wastes,  Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the Environment, December 1996. 6.  URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_12.html  Humanure Handbook, Chapter 3, Compost Miracles  7.  URL:http://www.btny.purdue.e du/Extension/Pathology /CropDiseases/Corn/co rn2.html#a nthracnosestalkrot  Crop Diseases in Corn  8.  Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David Border Composting Consultancy, December 1996, ibid . 9.  Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 85. 10.  URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_12.html  Humanure Handbook, Chapter 3, Compost Miracles  11.  Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental Profile, 1993, p. 50. 12.  Lang, D.M., Soil and Land Use Surveys, No. 22 – Montserrat, March 1967, University of the West Indies, Trinidad, 1967. 13.  Kendle, Reading University, personal communication, 1996, cited in Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David Border Composting Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management Markets and Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the Organic Fraction of Household Wastes,  Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the Environment, December 1996.

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168

8. REFERENCES

 

1. Fergus, Howard, A., Montserrat, History of a Caribbean Colony, London and

Basingstoke, MacMillan Caribbean, 1994, p. 4.

2. Fergus, Howard, A, 1994, ibid , p. 93.

3. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993.

4. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_11.html  Humanure Handbook.

Chapter 3: Compost Myths 

5. Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste

Management Markets and Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the

Organic Fraction of Household Wastes,  Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the

Environment, December 1996.

6. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_12.html  Humanure Handbook,

Chapter 3, Compost Miracles  

7. URL:http://www.btny.purdue.edu/Extension/Pathology/CropDiseases/Corn/corn2.html#a

nthracnosestalkrot Crop Diseases in Corn 

8. Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, December 1996, ibid .

9. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 85.

10. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_12.html  Humanure Handbook,

Chapter 3, Compost Miracles 

11. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993, p. 50.

12. Lang, D.M., Soil and Land Use Surveys, No. 22 – Montserrat, March 1967, University of 

the West Indies, Trinidad, 1967.

13. Kendle, Reading University, personal communication, 1996, cited in Warren Spring

Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David Border Composting

Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management Markets and

Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the Organic Fraction of 

Household Wastes,   Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the Environment,

December 1996.

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169

14. Kendle, 1996, ibid.  

15. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, 1993, ibid .

16. Follett, Roy H., Murphy, Larry S. and Donaghue, Roy L., Fertilizers and Soil

Amendments, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1981.

17. Montserrat Statistics Office, personal communication, 2001.

18. Mazars, Djahanguir, personal communication, 2001.

19. Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in Montserrat, West Indies, A Thesis

presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville, The University of Tennessee,

May, 1997.

20. Fergus, Howard, A., Montserrat, History of a Caribbean Colony, London and

Basingstoke, MacMillan Caribbean, 1994.

21. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/lf31_95.pdf  Live Births, Infant Mortality Rates and 

Infant Deaths 

22. URL:

http://www.overpopulation.com/faq/Health/mortality/infant_mortality/latin_america.html 

Infant Mortality – Latin America and the Caribbean 

23. URL: http://www.overpopulation.com/faq/Health/mortality/infant_mortality/index.html 

Infant Mortality 

24. Fergus, Howard, A.,   Montserrat, History of a Caribbean Colony, London and

Basingstoke, MacMillan Caribbean, 1994; cited in Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste

Management in Montserrat, West Indies, A Thesis presented for the Master of Science

degree, Knoxville, The University of Tennessee, May, 1997, page 22.

25. Fergus, Howard, A., 1994, ibid.  

26. URL: http://www.mvomrat.com/ The History of the Montserrat Volcano Observatory 

27. URL:

http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/west.indies/soufriere/govt/miscdocs/chronology.html 

MVO-Chronology of Eruptive Events 

28. URL: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/98/volcanoes  Fallout: Eye on the

Volcano 

29. URL: http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/montserrat/montserrat.html 

Soufriere Hills, Montserrat, West Indies 

30. URL: http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/montserrat/montserrat.html 

Soufriere Hills, Montserrat, West Indies 

31. Fergus, Howard, A., 1994, ibid .

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170

32. URL: http://ww.montserratreporter.org The Montserrat Reporter Online 

33. Mazars, Djahanguir, personal communication, 2001.

34. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html  Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

35. URL: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mh.html CIA – The World 

Factbook 2000 - Montserrat  

36. URL: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/eg.html CIA – The World 

Factbook 2000 - Egypt  

37. URL: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.html CIA – The World 

Factbook 2000 - China 

38. URL: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/uk.html CIA – The World 

Factbook 2000 – United Kingdom 

39. URL: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mh.html CIA – The World 

Factbook 2000 - Montserrat  

40. URL: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mh.html CIA – The World 

Factbook 2000 - Montserrat  

41. Meekings, Helen, Department for International Development, Personal communication,

2001.

42. Fergus, Howard, A., Montserrat, History of a Caribbean Colony, London and

Basingstoke, MacMillan Caribbean, 1994.

43. Montserrat Water Authority, Montserrat Water Authority Silver Anniversary 25 years

1972 – 1997, Sweeney’s, Montserrat, Montserrat Water Authority, 1997, page 14.

44. Montserrat Water Authority, 1997, ibid , page 14.

45. Lang, D.M., Soil and Land Use Surveys, No. 22 – Montserrat, Trinidad, University of the

West Indies, March 1967.

46. Johnson, William, Watershed Problems and Programmes of Montserrat, undated.

47. Lang, D.M., 1967, ibid .

48. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen,

Preparation Report on Montserrat Recycling Project, Caribbean Development Bank,

1994.

49. Johnson, William, undated, ibid .

50. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993, p. 50.

51. Fergus, Howard, A., 1994, ibid.

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171

52. Johnson, William, undated, ibid .

53. Lang, D.M., 1967, ibid .

54. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, 1993, ibid , p 15.

55. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993.

56. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993.

57. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, 1993, ibid.

58. Lang, D.M., Soil and Land Use Surveys, No. 22 – Montserrat, Trinidad, University of the

West Indies, March, 1967.

59. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993, p. 50.

60. Lang, D.M., Lecture on Soil Types of Montserrat, held at Montserrat National Trust

Environmental Workshop, Olveston, May, 2001.

61. Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in Montserrat, West Indies, A Thesis

presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville, The University of Tennessee,

May, 1997, p. 24.

62.

 Fergus, Howard, A.,   Montserrat, History of a Caribbean Colony, London and

Basingstoke, MacMillan Caribbean, 1994.

63. Meekings, Helen, Department for International Development, Personal communication,

2001.

64. Lang, D.M., March 1967, ibid .

65. Fergus, Howard, A., Montserrat, History of a Caribbean Colony, London and

Basingstoke, MacMillan Caribbean, 1994, p. 129.

66. Lang, D.M., March 1967, ibid .

67. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, 1993, ibid .

68. Fergus, Howard, A, 1994, ibid , p. 4.

69. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen,

Preparation Report on Montserrat Recycling Project, Caribbean Development Bank,

1994.

70. Fergus, Howard, A, 1994, ibid , p. 4.

71. Rigby, Jenny, Report. Waste Management Sector Review, Montserrat, May 2000.

72. McRedie, Jim, Hall, Alan and   Bailey, Nick, Report on the Natural Resources Sector

Review, DFID, Manjack, Montserrat, 19-23 October 1998.

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172

73. URL: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mh.html CIA – The World 

Factbook 2000 - Montserrat  

74. McRedie, Jim, Hall, Alan and  Bailey, Nick, 19-23 October 1998,ibid .

75. Hoitink, H.A.J., Chen, W., Trillas-Gay, M.I. and Chung, Y.R., Compost for Control of 

Plant Diseases, in de Bertoldi, M.  Ferranti, M.P., L’Hermite, P. and Zucconi, F. (eds),

Compost: Production, Quality and Use, London, Elsevier Applied Science, 1987, p.415.

76. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, 1993, ibid. 

77. Henry, A.I., Caribbean Agricultural Science, Book 2, Practices, Second Edition,

MacMillan Caribbean, London, 1978.

78. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, 1993, ibid .

79. Henry, A.I., 1978, ibid .

80. Adams, C.D., Kasasian, L. and Seeyave, J., Common Weeds of the West Indies, St

Augustine, Trinidad, University of the West Indies, 1968.

81. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html  Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

82. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html  Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

83.

 Vogtmann, H., Matthies, K., Kehres, B. and Meier-Ploeger, A., Enhanced Food Quality

Induced by Compost Applications, in Science and Engineering of Composting: Design,

Environmental, Microbiological and Utilization Aspects, Worthington, Ohio, Renaissance

Publications, 1993.

84. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html  Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

85. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html  Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

86. Riva Berleant-Schiller; World Bibliographical Series, Volume 134, Montserrat, Oxford,

Clio Press, 1991.

87. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993.

88. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/travel/caribean.htm CDC Health Information for Travellers to

the Caribbean 

89. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html  Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

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173

90. URL: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap36.html FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book -

Ciguatera 

91. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html  Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

92. Montserrat National Trust Environmental Workshop, May 2001.

93. Pettygrove, G. Stuart and Asano, Takashi, Irrigation with Reclaimed Municipal

Wastewater –A Guidance Manual, Davis, California, Lewis Publishers, 1985.

94. Canaday, C.H. and Schmitthenner, A.F., Effect of potassium fertilization and chloride ion

on Phytophthora root rot of soybeans, Phytopathology, 1983, vol  82, pp 259-264, cited

in Hoitink, H.A.J., Boehm, M.J. and Hadar, Y., Mechanisms of Suppression of Soilborne

Plant Pathogens in Compost-Amended Substrates, in Science and Engineering of 

Composting: Design, Environmental, Microbiological and Utilization Aspects,

Worthington, Ohio, Renaissance Publications, 1993.

95. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, 1993, ibid .

96. Rigby, Jenny, Report. Waste Management Sector Review, Montserrat, May 2000.

97. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, 1993, ibid .

98. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid. 

99.

 Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993.

100. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, 1993, ibid .

101. Haug, Roger T., The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering, Boca Raton, CRC

Press, Inc., 1993, p.2.

102. Rodale, J.I., The Complete Book of Composting, Emmaus, P.A., Rodale Books Inc,

1960, p.9, cited in URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_2.html  Humanure

Handbook Chapter 3: Compost Defined.  

103. URL:

http://navigation.helper.realnames.com/framer/1/0/default.asp?realname=EPA+Office+of 

+Solid+Waste&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eepa%2Egov%2Fosw&frameid=1&provi

derid=0&uid=10264099 Composting Yard Trimmings and Municipal Solid Waste –

United States Environmental Protection Agency Document Number EPA 530-R-94-003 

104. Dougherty, Mark (ed), Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Northeast Regional

Agricultural and Engineering Service, Ithaca, New York, 1999.

105. URL:

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+Solid+Waste&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eepa%2Egov%2Fosw&frameid=1&provi

derid=0&uid=10264099 Composting Yard Trimmings and Municipal Solid Waste –

United States Environmental Protection Agency Document Number EPA 530-R-94-003 

106. Cairncross, Sandy and Feachem, Richard G; Environmental Health Engineering in the

Tropics: An Introductory Text; Chichester, Wiley, c1983.

107. Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in Montserrat, West Indies, A Thesis

presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville, The University of Tennessee,

May, 1997.

108. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen,

Preparation Report on Montserrat Recycling Project, Caribbean Development Bank,

1994.

109. Rigby, Jenny, Report. Waste Management Sector Review, Montserrat, May 2000.

110. Cowing, Mike, Solid Waste Management in Montserrat Visit Report July 2000, St

Lucia Solid Waste Management Authority, 2000.

111. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid , p 35.

112. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993, cited in Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in Montserrat, West

Indies, A Thesis presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville, The University of 

Tennessee, May, 1997.

113. Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in Montserrat, West Indies, A Thesis

presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville, The University of Tennessee,

May, 1997, p 35.

114. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid , p 35.

115. Cowing, Mike, Solid Waste Management in Montserrat Visit Report July 2000, St

Lucia Solid Waste Management Authority, 2000.

116. Rigby, Jenny, Report. Waste Management Sector Review, Montserrat, May 2000.

117. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

118. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

119. Lynch, Major Joseph, Montserrat Environmental Health Office, personal

communication, 1994, cited in Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in Montserrat,

West Indies, A Thesis presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville, The

University of Tennessee, May, 1997.

120. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid .

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175

121. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen,

Preparation Report on Montserrat Recycling Project, Caribbean Development Bank,

1994.

122. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen, 1994,

ibid .

123. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

124. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

125. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

126. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

127. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid .

128. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid.  

129. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

130. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid .

131. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

132. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid. 

133. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid.  

134.

 Roughton International, Heavy Plant Assessment and Strategic Review and Vehicle and

Equipment Audit, Phase 1 Final Report, Roughton International,  Montserrat April 2000,

cited in Rigby, Jenny, Report. Waste Management Sector Review, Montserrat, May 2000.

135. Rigby, Jenny, Report. Waste Management Sector Review, Montserrat, May 2000.

136. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid.  

137. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993, p.91.

138. Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in Montserrat, West Indies, A Thesis

presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville, The University of Tennessee,

May, 1997.

139. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

140. Cowing, Mike, Solid Waste Management in Montserrat Visit Report July 2000, St

Lucia Solid Waste Management Authority, 2000.

141. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

142. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid.  

143. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid.  

144. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid.  

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176

145. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

146. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, 1993, ibid .

147. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

148. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid.  

149. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

150. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

151. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

152. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

153. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

154. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid .

155. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

156. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

157. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid.  

158. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid.  

159. Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in Montserrat, West Indies, A Thesis

presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville, The University of Tennessee,

May, 1997, p 35.

160. URL:

http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/talking_point/forum/newsid_1192000/1192699.stm 

Foot and Mouth – The Experts Quizzed 

161. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

162. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997,ibid .

163. Rigby, Jenny, Report. Waste Management Sector Review, Montserrat, May 2000.

164. Cowing, Mike, Solid Waste Management in Montserrat Visit Report July 2000, St

Lucia Solid Waste Management Authority, 2000.

165. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen,

Preparation Report on Montserrat Recycling Project, Caribbean Development Bank,

1994.

166. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid .

167. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen, 1994,

ibid .

168. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen, 1994,

ibid .

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177

169. Sweeney, Vincent, Antoine, Timothy, Skinner, Cherno, and Bowers, Dencen, 1994,

ibid .

170. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

171. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993, p.93.

172. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

173. Cowing, Mike, 2000, ibid .

174. Rigby, Jenny, May 2000, ibid .

175. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

176. URL: http://165.158.1.110/english/sha/prflmon.html Country Health Profile for 

Montserrat  

177. Manos, Leah D., May, 1997, ibid .

178. Roach, James, Environmental Health Division, Personal Communication, 2001

179. Holmes, John R. (ed.), Managing Solid Wastes in Developing Countries. Chichester,

UK, John Wiley & Sons, 1984, cited in Manos, Leah D., Solid Waste Management in

Montserrat, West Indies, A Thesis presented for the Master of Science degree, Knoxville,

The University of Tennessee, May, 1997.

180.

 Dickson, Nancy, Richard, Thomas and Kozlowski, Robert, Composting to Reduce the

Waste Stream, Northeast Regional Agricultural and Engineering Service, Ithaca, New

York, 1991.

181. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_5.html The Humanure Handbook 

Chapter 3 Gomer the Pile 

182. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_6.html The Humanure Handbook 

Chapter 3 Four Necessities for Good Compost. 

183. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993.

184. Webster, Aimee, Caribbean Gardening and Flower Arranging, London, Spottiswoode,

Ballantyne and Co., 1965.

185. URL: http://www.montserratreporter.org/fra0701-2.htm The Montserrat Reporter 13th

 

July 2001. 

186. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 26.

187. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, 1993, ibid .

188. Dougherty, Mark, 1999, ibid , page 27.

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178

189. URL: http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~ohioline/b792/b792_4.html Ohio State University

- The Composting Process- Is Control of pH and Moisture Important During

Composting? 

190. Dickson, Nancy, Richard, Thomas and Kozlowski, Robert, Composting to Reduce the

Waste Stream, Northeast Regional Agricultural and Engineering Service, Ithaca, New

York, 1991.

191. Dougherty, Mark, 1999, ibid , page 27.

192. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_5.html The Humanure Handbook 

Chapter 3 Gomer – The Pile. 

193. The Wildlife Trusts, Mucking In …The Community Composting Pack,   Henry

Doubleday Research Association, Lincoln, 1997.

194. Wei, Yuan-Song, Fan, Yao-Bo, Wang, Min-Jian, and Wang, Ju-Si, Composting and 

Compost Application in China, Resources Conservation and Recycling Vol. 30, pp 277-

300,2000.

195. URL:

http://navigation.helper.realnames.com/framer/1/0/default.asp?realname=EPA+Office+of 

+Solid+Waste&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eepa%2Egov%2Fosw&frameid=1&provi

derid=0&uid=10264099 USEPA Process Design Manual Land Application of Sewage

Sludge and Domestic Septage 

196. URL: http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/envqual/wq0424.htm WQ424 Biosolids

Standards for Pathogens and Vectors. 

197. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 32.

198. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_10.html The Humanure Handbook 

Chapter 3 Compost Biodiversity

199. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_10.html The Humanure Handbook 

Chapter 3 Compost Biodiversity

200. Meekings, Helen J, The Inactivation of Ascarid Eggs in Composting Processes, Leeds,

Departments of Civil Engineering and Pure and Applied Biology, 1995.

201. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993.

202. Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste

Management Markets and Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the

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179

Organic Fraction of Household Wastes,  Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the

Environment, December 1996.

203. Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, December 1996, ibid .

204. Logsdon, Plant Protection Through Compost , Biocycle, 31, pp.52-52, 1990b, cited in

Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, December 1996, ibid .

205. Logsdon, Using Compost for Plant Disease Control, Biocycle, 34, pp33-36, 1993, cited

in Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, December 1996, ibid .

206. Hoitink, H. A. J., Boehm, M.J. and Hadar, Y, Mechanisms of   Suppression of Soil-

borne Plant Pathogens in Compost-Amended Substrates, pp 601-621 in Science and

Engineering of Composting: Design, Environmental, Microbiological and Utilization

Aspects, Ohio, Ohio State University, 1993, cited in Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks

and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David Border Composting Consultancy, The

Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management Markets and Quality Requirements

for Composts and Digestates for the Organic Fraction of Household Wastes,  Report No.

CWM 147/96, Department of the Environment, December 1996.

207. Tilston,E.L., Groenhof, A. C., and Pitt, D., A Feasibility Trail to Test the Antibiotic

Effects of Various Waste-derived Composts in Suppressing Diseases of Economically

Viable Crops in the South West Region of the UK , Compost Science and Utilisation , Vol.

4, p.3, 1996, cited in Warren Spring Consultancy, December 1996, ibid. 

208. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_2.html  Humanure Handbook,

Chapter 3, Compost Defined  

209. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_12.html  Humanure Handbook,

Chapter 3, Compost Miracles 

210. URL:

http://www.btny.purdue.edu/Extension/Pathology/CropDiseases/Corn/corn2.html#anthrac

nosestalkrot Crop Diseases in Corn 

211. Hoitink, H.A.J., Chen, W., Trillas-Gay, M.I. and Chung, Y.R., Compost for Control of 

Plant Diseases, in de Bertoldi, M.  Ferranti, M.P., L’Hermite, P. and Zucconi, F. (eds),

Compost: Production, Quality and Use, London, Elsevier Applied Science, 1987.

212. Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste

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180

Management Markets and Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the

Organic Fraction of Household Wastes,  Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the

Environment, December 1996.

213. URL: http://www.epa.gov/compost/disease.pdf  Innovative uses of compost disease

control for plants and animals 

214. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 85.

215. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_12.html  Humanure Handbook,

Chapter 3, Compost Miracles 

216. Island Resources Foundation and Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Environmental

Profile, 1993.

217. Marafa, L.M., Chau, K.C., Effect of Hill Fire on Upland Soil in Hong Kong, Forestry

Ecology and Management, vol 120, no. 1-3, pp 97-104, 5 May 1999.

218. Kutiel, P and Inbar, M, Fire Impacts on Soil Nutrients and Soil Erosion in a

Mediterranean Pine Forest Plantation, Catena, Vol. 20, No. ½, p. 129-139,

February/April 1993.

219. Villar, M.C. botulinum, Gonzalez-Prieto, SJ, and Carballas, T, Evaluation of Three

Organic Wastes for Reclaiming Burnt Soils: Improvement in the Recovery of Vegetation

Cover and Soil Fertility in Pot Experiments, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 26, no. 2,

pp. 122-129, 1997.

220. Deka, HK and Mishra, RR, The Effect of Slash Burning on Soil Microflora, Plant and

Soil, vol. 73, no.2, pp 167-175, 1983.

221. Montserrat Statistics Office, personal communication, 2001.

222. Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, December 1996, ibid .

223. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_11.html  Humanure Handbook.

Chapter 3: Compost Myths 

224. Montserrat Statistics Office, personal communication, 2001.

225. Howard, Sir Albert, An Agricultural Testament, New York, Oxford University Press,

1943.cited in URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_4.html Humanure

Handbook, Chapter 3, Solar Power in a Banana Peel. 

226. Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, December 1996, ibid .

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181

227. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_11.html The Humanure Handbook –

Chapter 3 Compost Myths 

228. Kendle, A, Reading University, personal communication, 1996, cited in Warren Spring

Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David Border Composting

Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management Markets and

Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the Organic Fraction of 

Household Wastes,   Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the Environment,

December 1996.

229. Lang, D.M., Soil and Land Use Surveys, No. 22 – Montserrat, March 1967, University

of the West Indies, Trinidad, 1967.

230. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993.

231. Kendle, 1996, ibid.  

232. Levington Agriculture Ltd and Rainbow Wilson Associates, An Assessment of the

Quality of Waste Derived Composts Produced by a Range of Processes, Technical Report

No. P229, Bristol, Environment Agency, 2000.

233. Dunn, Roger, Nortcliff, Steve, Baker, R. Martin, Kendle, Tony, Pickering, Jon and

Hadley, Paul, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management – Horticultural

and Landscape Use of Municipal and Green Waste Compost, Report No. CWM/124/94,

Wastes Technical Division, Environment Agency, 1994.

234. MAFF, Fertiliser Recommendations, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,

reference book 209, HMSO, 1994, cited in Warren Spring Laboratory, Shanks and

McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd and David Border Composting Consultancy, The

Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management Markets and Quality requirements

for Composts and Digestates from the Organic Fraction of Household Wastes. Report No.

CWM 147/96, Department of the Environment, December 1996.

235. URL: http://www.boldweb.com/greenweb/compost.htm Using your finished compost  

236. URL: http://www.boldweb.com/greenweb/compost.htm Using your finished compost  

237. URL: http://www.boldweb.com/greenweb/compost.htm Using your finished compost  

238. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 91.

239. Henchie, Stewart, personal communication, 2001.

240. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 32.

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182

241. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 85.

242. URL: http://www.woodsend.org/solvita.htm Solvita Compost Maturity Test  

243. URL: http://www.woodsend.org/solvita.htm Solvita Compost Maturity Test  

244. URL: http://www.woodsend.org/manual.htm Guide to Solvita Testing for  Compost 

Maturity Index 

245. URL: http://www.woodsend.org/manual.htm Guide to Solvita Testing for  Compost 

Maturity Index 

246. URL: http://www.woodsend.org/manual.htm Guide to Solvita Testing for  Compost 

Maturity Index 

247. URL: http://www.woodsend.org/compost.pdf  Interpretation of Waste and Compost 

Tests 

248. Hobbis, Pete, personal communication, 2001.

249. URL: http://www.woodsend.org/compost.pdf  Interpretation of Waste and Compost 

Tests 

250. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993.

251.

 Henry, A.I., Caribbean Agricultural Science, Book 2, Practices, Second Edition,

MacMillan Caribbean, London, 1978.

252. Henry, A.I., 1978, ibid .

253. URL: http://www.cardi.org/research_for_development.htm CARDI Research for 

Development  

254. URL: http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/CCS/Mulching.html  Mulching - Backyard 

Conservation Tip Sheet  

255. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999, page 91.

256. Dunn, Roger, Nortcliff, Steve, Baker, R. Martin, Kendle, Tony, Pickering, Jon and

Hadley, Paul, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management – Horticultural

and Landscape Use of Municipal and Green Waste Compost, Report No. CWM/124/94,

Wastes Technical Division, Environment Agency, 1994, page 12.

257. URL: http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/CCS/Mulching.html  Mulching - Backyard 

Conservation Tip Sheet  

258. Follett, Roy H., Murphy, Larry S. and Donaghue, Roy L., Fertilizers and Soil

Amendments, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1981.

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259. Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993, p.5.

260. Dickson, Nancy, Richard, Thomas and Kozlowski, Robert, Composting to Reduce the

Waste Stream, Northeast Regional Agricultural and Engineering Service, Ithaca, New

York, 1991.

261. Follett, Roy H., Murphy, Larry S. and Donaghue, Roy L,1981, ibid .

262. Follett, Roy H., Murphy, Larry S. and Donaghue, Roy L,1981, ibid. 

263. Follett, Roy H., Murphy, Larry S. and Donaghue, Roy L,1981, ibid .

264. Follett, Roy H., Murphy, Larry S. and Donaghue, Roy L,1981, ibid.  

265. URL: http://www.tropag-fieldtrip.cornell.edu/tradag/slashmulch.html  Slash/Mulch

Systems 

266. URL: http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/close/xpz05/greenmanure.htm Allotment and 

Kitchen Gardens -The Green Manure Page 

267. URL: http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/covercrop.html#principle Principal Uses of Cover 

Crops and Green Manures 

268. URL: http://www.fadr.msu.ru/rodale/gp/guatover.html Rodale’s Guatemala RARC 

Centro Maya 

269.

 Bannochie, Iris and Light, Marilyn, Gardening in the Caribbean, London, Macmillan

Caribbean, 1993, p. 8.

270. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., Waste Management and the Householder: Composting, Leeds,

University of Leeds (School of Civil Engineering), 1999, p 28.

271. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., 1999, ibid .

272. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., 1999, ibid .

273. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., 1999, ibid  

274. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., 1999, ibid .

275. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., 1999, ibid .

276. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., 1999, ibid .

277. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., 1999, ibid .

278. Henry, A.I., Caribbean Agricultural Science, Book 2, Practices, Second Edition,

MacMillan Caribbean, London, 1978.

279. URL: http://www.montserratreporter.org/fra0701-3.htm The Montserrat Reporter 20th

 

July 2001. 

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184

280. Dickson, Nancy, Richard, Thomas and Kozlowski, Robert, Composting to Reduce the

Waste Stream, Northeast Regional Agricultural and Engineering Service, Ithaca, New

York, 1991.

281. URL: http://webmd.lycos.com/content/article/1680.50831 Counselling to Prevent 

Tobacco Use 

282. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/cdnr.htm Chronic Disease Notes and Reports 

283. Naidoo, Jennie and Wills, Jane, Health Promotion – Foundations for Practice, Second

Edition, Edinburgh, Bailliere-Tindall, 2000

284. Ferber and Haugh, 1964, cited in Wray, Elizabeth P.J., Waste Management and the

Householder: Composting, Leeds, University of Leeds (School of Civil Engineering),

1999.

285. Oppenheim, Abraham Naftali, Questionnaire Design, Interview and Attitude

Measurement, 2nd

edition, London, Cassell, 1992, cited in Wray, Elizabeth P.J., Waste

Management and the Householder: Composting, Leeds, University of Leeds (School of 

Civil Engineering), 1999.

286. Wray, Elizabeth P.J., Waste Management and the Householder: Composting, Leeds,

University of Leeds (School of Civil Engineering), 1999.

287.

 Wray, Elizabeth P.J., 1999, ibid .

288. Montserrat Statistics Office, personal communication, 2001.

289. Montserrat National Trust Environmental Workshop, May 2001.

290. Warren Spring Laboratory, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd and David

Border Composting Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste

Management Markets and Quality requirements for Composts and Digestates from the

Organic Fraction of Household Wastes. Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the

Environment, December 1996.

291. Meekings, Helen, personal communication, 2001.

292. URL: http://www.londonaggregates.com/price.html London Aggregates 2001 Material

Price List  

293. Levington Agriculture Ltd and Rainbow Wilson Associates, An Assessment of the

Quality of Waste Derived Composts Produced by a Range of Processes, Technical Report

No. P229, Bristol, Environment Agency, 2000.

294. The Wildlife Trusts, Mucking In …The Community Composting Pack,   Henry

Doubleday Research Association, Lincoln, 1997.

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185

295. Fergus, Howard, A. “Montserrat, History of a Caribbean Colony, “ MacMillan

Caribbean, 1994, London and Basingstoke.

296. Jobes, Katya, Development Unit, personal communication, 2001.

297. Egbewumi, O.O., Sridhar, M.K.C., and Asuzu, M.C., Composting through Community

Action: A rural experience in Nigeria, Appropriate Technology Appropriate Technology

Vol 23, No. 4, March, 1997, pp34-35.

298. The Wildlife Trusts, Mucking In …The Community Composting Pack,   Henry

Doubleday Research Association, Lincoln, 1997.

299. Goldstein, Jerome, Garbage As You Like It, Emmaus, Pas, Rodale Books, 1969.

300. Tonge, Bill, Montserrat Water Authority, personal communication, 2001.

301. Montserrat Water Authority administration, personal communication, 2001.

302. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_10.html The Humanure Handbook 

Chapter 3 Compost Biodiversity

303. URL: http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/envqual/wq0424.htm WQ424 Biosolids

Standards for Pathogens and Vectors. 

304. URL: http://www.woodsend.org/solvita.htm Solvita Compost Maturity Test  

305. URL:

http://navigation.helper.realnames.com/framer/1/0/default.asp?realname=EPA+Office+of 

+Solid+Waste&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eepa%2Egov%2Fosw&frameid=1&provi

derid=0&uid=10264099  Composting Yard Trimmings and Municipal Solid Waste 

306. Dougherty, Mark, Field Guide to On-Farm Composting, Ithaca, New York, Natural

Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1999.

307. Anderson, J.L. and Machmeier, R.E., Establishment of State Rules for Land Application

and Utilization of Septage, chapter in American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Onsite

Wastewater Treatment, vol. 5: Proceedings Of The Fifth National Symposium on

Individual and Small Community Systems,  December 14-15, 1987, St Joseph, American

Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1988.

308. Dougherty, Mark, 1999, ibid , page 29.

309. Metcalf &Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, New York,

McGraw Hill, 1991.

310. Metcalf &Eddy, 1991, ibid .

311. Rynk, Robert, On-Farm Composting Handbook, Ithaca, New York, Natural Resource

Agriculture and Engineering Service, 1992.

312. Metcalf &Eddy, 1991, ibid .

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187

324. Spellman, Frank R. Wastewater Biosolids to Compost, Lancaster, PA, Technomic

Publishing Co. 1987.

325. De Bertoldi, M, Vallini, G. and Pera, A. (1984), Technological Aspects of Composting

Including Modelling and Microbiology, in Gasser, J.K.R. (ed), Composting of 

Agricultural and Other Wastes, Agricultural and Food Research Council, Elsevier

Applied Science, London,   cited in Ng, Mee Weng, Potential use of Composting for

Sludge Treatment, MSc Dissertation, Leeds, University of Leeds, 2001.

326. Kuai,L., Doulami, F. and Vestraete, W. (1999) Sludge Treatment and Reuse as a Soil

Conditioner for Small Rural Communities, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 73, No.3, 213-

219, July 2000 cited in Ng, Mee Weng, Potential use of Composting for Sludge

Treatment, MSc Dissertation, Leeds, University of Leeds, 2001.

327. Rigby, Jenny, Report. Waste Management Sector Review, Montserrat, May 2000.

328. Jones, H.A. and Nedwell, D.B., Soil Atmosphere Concentration Profiles and Methane

Emission Rates in the Restoration Covers Above Landfill Sites: Equipment and 

Preliminary Results, Waste Management and Research, Vol. 8, pp21-31, cited in Warren

Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David Border

Composting Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management

Markets and Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the Organic Fraction

of Household Wastes,   Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the Environment,

December 1996.

329. Dunn, Roger, Nortcliff, Steve, Baker, R. Martin, Kendle, Tony, Pickering, Jon and

Hadley, Paul, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management – Horticultural

and Landscape Use of Municipal and Green Waste Compost, Report No. CWM/124/94,

Wastes Technical Division, Environment Agency, 1994.

330. Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David

Border Composting Consultancy, The Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste

Management Markets and Quality Requirements for Composts and Digestates for the

Organic Fraction of Household Wastes,  Report No. CWM 147/96, Department of the

Environment, December 1996.

331. Spellman, Frank R. Wastewater Biosolids to Compost, Lancaster, PA, Technomic

Publishing Co. 1987.

332. MAFF, Fertiliser Recommendations, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,

reference book 209, HMSO, 1994, cited in Warren Spring Consultancy, Shanks and

McEwan (Energy Services) Ltd, and David Border Composting Consultancy, The

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188

Technical Aspects of Controlled Waste Management Markets and Quality Requirements

for Composts and Digestates for the Organic Fraction of Household Wastes,  Report No.

CWM 147/96, Department of the Environment, December 1996.

333. URL:

http://navigation.helper.realnames.com/framer/1/0/default.asp?realname=EPA+Office+of 

+Solid+Waste&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eepa%2Egov%2Fosw&frameid=1&provi

derid=0&uid=10264099 Biosolids Generation, Use and Disposal, in the United States.  

334. USEPA, Compost-New Applications for an Age-old Technology, Office of Solid

Waste and Emergency Response, EPA503-F-97-047, October, 1997, cited in URL:

http://navigation.helper.realnames.com/framer/1/0/default.asp?realname=EPA+Office+of 

+Solid+Waste&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eepa%2Egov%2Fosw&frameid=1&provi

derid=0&uid=10264099 Biosolids Generation, Use and Disposal, in the United States.  

335. URL: http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter3_6.html The Humanure Handbook 

Chapter 3 Four Necessities for Good Compost  

336. Mappie (Philemon Murrain) Botanical Gardens Manager, Montserrat National Trust,

personal communication, 2001.

337. Montserrat Water Authority, personal communication, 2001.

338.

 Montserrat Water Authority, Montserrat Water Authority Silver Anniversary 25 years

1972 – 1997, Sweeney’s,  Montserrat, Montserrat Water Authority, 1997, Page 14.

339. Solid Waste in Brazil, videotape from BBC television program, undated.

340. Helen Meekings, DFID, personal communication, 2001.

341. West Indies Real Estate, personal communication, 2001.

342. Montserrat Lands and Survey Department, 2001.

343. Benedict, Arthur H., Epstein, Eliot and Alpert, Joel, Composting Municipal Sludge A

Technology Evaluation, Pollution Control Review No. 152, Park Ridge, New Jersey,

Noyes Data Corporation,  1988.

344. URL: http://www.composters.com/docs/acc.html Electric chipper/shredder  

345. URL: http://www.morbark.com/equipment_specs/627trommel.htm Equipment Specs 

627 Trommel Screen 

346. URL: http://www.bra.org/screen.htm The Compost Screen 

347. URL: http://www.cityfarmer.org/paulcomp66.html#Vanccompost City of Vancouver 

Composting Initiatives 

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189

348. Delaney, Rosemary Pauline, Fox’s Bay Wetland Montserrat: Ecology, Hydrology, and

Water Quality. Implications for Management, Master of Science Thesis, Department of 

Biology, University of the West Indies, Barbados, 1995.

349. Ng, Mee Weng, Potential use of Composting for Sludge Treatment, MSc Dissertation,

Leeds, University of Leeds, 2001, p. 25.

350. Friends of the Earth, Compost! Friends of the Earth’s Guide for Local Authorities,

London, Friends of the Earth, March 1993.

351. Haug, R T., Compost Engineering Principles and Practice, Michigan, Arbor Science,

1980, cited in Ng, Mee Weng, Potential use of Composting for Sludge Treatment, MSc

Dissertation, Leeds, University of Leeds, 2001.

352. Benedict, Arthur H., Epstein, Eliot and Alpert, Joel, 1988, ibid .

353. Benedict, Arthur H., Epstein, Eliot and Alpert, Joel, 1988, ibid .

354. URL:

http://navigation.helper.realnames.com/framer/1/0/default.asp?realname=EPA+Office+of 

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355. Meekings, Helen, Department for International Development, personal communication,

2001.

356. William Wall, Wall Trading, personal communication, 2001.

357. URL: http://www.fertilegarden.com/bulk.asp Fertile Garden Supply Organic Garden

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358. Dickson, Nancy, Richard, Thomas and Kozlowski, Robert, Composting to Reduce the

Waste Stream, Northeast Regional Agricultural and Engineering Service, Ithaca, New

York, 1991.

359. Henry, A.I., Caribbean Agricultural Science, Book 2, Practices, Second Edition,

MacMillan Caribbean, London, 1978.

360. Follett, Roy H., Murphy, Larry S. and Donaghue, Roy L., Fertilizers and Soil

Amendments, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1981.

361. Buffonge, Kathy, personal communication, 2001.

362. Wallace, P.A. Field Trials of Compost for Agriculture, UK Department of the

Environment, Abingdon, 1996.

363. Gibbs, Dr. Erica, Montserrat National Trust, personal communication, 2001.

364. Cowing, Mike, Solid Waste Management in Montserrat Visit Report July 2000, St

Lucia Solid Waste Management Authority, 2000.

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365. Lang, D.M., Lecture on Soil Types of Montserrat, held at Montserrat National Trust

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366. Lang, D.M., May, 2001, ibid. 

367. Ryan, William, St Peter’s Church, personal communication, 2001.