References

Al-khatib K & Paulsen GM (1989) Enhancement of thennal injury to photosynthesis in wheat plants and thylakoids by high light intensity. Plant Physiol 90: 1041-1048.

Alt J, Westhoff P, Sears BB, Nelson N, Hurt E, Hauska G & Herrman RG (1983a) Genes and transcripts for the polypeptides of the cytochrome b6f complex from spinach thylakoid membranes. EMBO J 2: 979-986.

Alt J, Winter P, Sebald W, Moser JG, Schedel R, Westhoff P & Hernnan RG (1983b) Localization, nucleotide sequence of the gene for the ATP synthase proteolipid subunit on the spinach plastid chromosome. Curr Genet 7: 129-138.

Alt J & Herrman RG (1984) Nucleotide sequence of the gene for pre-apocytochrome f in the spinach plastid chromosome. Curr Genet 8: 551-557

Altman A, Cohen BN, Weissbach H & Brot N (1984) transcriptional activity of isolated maize chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 235: 26-33.

Anandan S, Vainstein A & Thornber JP (1989) Correlation of some published amino acid sequences for photosystem I polypeptides to a 17 kDa LHC I pigment-protein and to subunits Ill and IV of the core complex. FEBS Lett 256: 150-154.

Anandan S, Morishige DT & Thornber JP (1993) Light-induced biogenesis of Light-harvesting complex I (LHC I) during chloroplast development in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Plant Physiol101: 227-236.

Apel K & Bogorad L (1976) Light-induced increase in the activity of maize plastid DNA dependent RNA polymerase. Eur J Biochem 67: 615-620.

Annond PA, Schreiber U & Bjorkman 0 (1978) Photosynthetic acclimation to temperature in the desert shrub, Larrea divaricata. II. Light harvesting efficiency and electron transport. Plant Physiol 61:411-415.

Annond PA, Bjorkman 0 & Staehelin LA (1980) Dissociation of supramolecular complexes in chloroplast membranes: a manifestation of heat damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Biochim Biophys Acta 601: 433-442.

Amon Dl (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol24: 1-15.

Aro E-M, Hundal T, Carlberg I & Andersson B (1990) In vitro studies on ligh-induced inhibition of photosystem II and D1 protein degradation at low temperatures. Biochim Biophys Acta 1019: 269-275.

Aro E-M, Virgin I & Andersson B (1993) Photoinhibition of photosystem II. Inactivation, protein damage and turnover. Biochim Biophys Acta 1143: 113-134.

Asada K (1994) Mechanisms of scavenging reactive molecules generated in chloroplasts under light stress. In: Baker NR & Bowyer JR (eds) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis: from molecular mechanism to field, BIOS Scientific Publishers.

Babcock GT (1987) The photosynthetic oxygen evolving process. In: Amesz, J (ed) New Comprehensive Biochemistry, vol 15 pp 125-158, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Barbato R, Shipton CA, Giacometti GM & Barber J (1991) New evidence suggest that the initial photoinduced cleavage of the D1-protein may not occur near the PEST sequence. FEBS Lett 290: 162-166.

Barbato R, Friso G, Rigoni F, Frizzo A & Giacometti GM (1992) Characterization of a 41 kDa photoinhibition adduct in isolated photosystem II reaction centers. FEBS Lett 309: 165-169.

97

Barber J & Andersson B (1992) Too much of a good thing-light can be bad for photosynthesis. Trends Biochem Sci 17: 61-66.

Barkan A (1988) Proteins encoded by a complex chloroplast transcription unit are each translated from multiple mono- and polycistronic mRNAs. EMBO J 7: 2637-2644.

Bassi R, Hoyer-Hansen G, Barbato R, Giacometti GM & Simpson DJ (1987) J Bioi Chern 262: 13333-13341.

Bauer E (1909) Das wesen und die erblichkeitsverhaltnisse der varietates albomarginatae hort von pleargonium zonale. Z Vererbungs 1: 330-351.

Baumgartner BJ, Rapp JC & Mullet JE (1989) Plastid transcription activity and DNA copy number increase ear1y in bar1ey chloroplast development. Plant Physiol89: 1011-1018.

Baumgartner BJ, Rapp JC & Mullet JE (1993) Plastid genes encoding the transcription/translation apparatus are differentially transcribed ear1y in bar1ey (Hordeum vulgare) chloroplast development. Plant Physiol 101: 781-791.

Bendich AJ (1987) Why do chloroplasts and mitochondria contain so many copies of their genome? Bioassay 6: 279-282.

Benett J, Markwell JP, Skirdla MP & Thornber JP (1981) Higher plant chlorophyll alb-protein complexes: studies on the phophorylated apoproteins. FEBS Lett 131: 325-330.

Be nett J (1991) Protein phosphorylation in green plant chloroplast. Annu Rev Plant Physiol & Plant Mol Biol42: 281-311.

Bennoun P (1982) Evidence for a respiratory chain in the chloroplast. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 79: 4352-4356.

Bernzborn RJ, Otto J, Finke W, Meyer HE & Block J (1987) Coclusion from N-terminal amino acid sequences of subunits delta from spinach and maize CF, and of subunits I and II from spinach CF0 . Biolog Chern Hoppe Seyler 36: 351-552.

Berry J & Bojrkman 0 (1980) Photosynthetic response and adaptation to temperature in higher plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 31: 491-543.

Berthold DA, Babcock GT & Yocum CF (1981) A highly resolved, oxygen-evolving photosystem II preparation from Spinach thylakoid membranes. FEBS Lett 134: 231-234.

Bird CR, Koller B, Auffret AD, Huttly AK, Howe CJ, Dyer TA & Gray JC (1985) The wheat chloroplast gene for CFo subunit of ATP synthase contains a large intron. EMBO J 4: 1381-1388.

Bowman CM, Koller B, Deli us H & Dyer TA (1981) A physical map of wheat chloroplast DNA showing the location of the structural genes for the ribosomal RNAs and the large subunit of ribulose 1 ,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Mol Gen Genet 183: 93-101.

Breton J & Nabedryk E (1984) Transmembrane orientation of a-helices and the organization of chloroplasts in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes. FEBS Lett 176: 355-359.

Briat J-F, Laulhere JP & Mache R (1979) Transcription activity of a DNA-protein complex isolated from spinach plastids. Eur J Biochem 111: 503-509.

Britt RD (1996) Oxygen evolution. In: Ort DR, Yocum CF (eds) Oxygenic photosynthesis: The light reactions. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Camm EL & Green BR (1980) Fractionation of thylakoid membranes with the nonionic detergent octyi-B-D-glucopyranoside. Resolution of chlorophyll-protein complex II into two chlorophyll­protein complexes. Plant Physiol 66: 428-432.

Chen Q, Lauzon LM, DeRocher AE & Vierling E (1990) Accumulation, stability, and localization of a major chloroplast heat-shock protein. J Cell Biol11 0: 1873-1883.

Cheniae GM & Martin IF (1970) Sites of function of manganese within photosystem II: Roles in 02 evolution and system II. Biochim Biophys Acta 197: 219-239.

98

Chitnis PR, Xu Q, Chitnis VP & Nechushtai R (1995) Function and organization of photosystem I polypeptides. Photosynth Res 44: 23-40.

Chitnis PR (1996) Photosystem I. Plant Physiol, 111: 661-669.

Choniczynski P & Sacchi N (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem 162: 156-15.

Correns C (1909) Vererbungsversuche mit blass z(gelb) grunen und buntblattrigen sippen bei Mirabilis jalapa, Urtica pilulifera and Lunarie annua. Z Vererbungs 1: 291-329.

Courtice GRM, Bowman CM, Dyer TA & Gray JC (1985) Localization of genes for components of photosystem II in chloroplast DNA from pea and wheat. Curr Genet 10: 329-333.

Cozens AL, Walker JE, Phillips, AL, Huttly AK & Gray JC (1986) A sixth subunit of ATP synthase an Fo component, is encoded in the pea chloroplast genome. EMBO J 5: 217-222.

Critchley C & Chopra RK (1988) Protection of photosynthetic 0 2 evolution against heat inactivation: the role of chloride, pH and coupling status. Photosynth Res 15: 143-152.

Dainese P, Hoyer-Hansen G & Bassi R (1990) The resolution of chlorophyll alb binding protein by a preparative method based on flat bed isoelectric focusing. Photochem Photobiol 51: 693-703.

Danon A & Mayfield SP (1991) Light regulated translation activators: identification of chloroplast gene specific mRNA binding proteins. EMBO J 10: 3993-4001.

Danon A & Mayfield SP (1994) Light-regulated translation of chloroplast mRNAs through redox potential. Science 226: 1717-1719.

Davies KJA (1987) Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. I: General aspects. J Bioi Chern 262: 9895-9901.

De las Rivas J, Andersson B & Barber J (1992) Two sites of primary degradation of the D1 protein induced by acceptor or donor side photoinhibition in PSI I core complexes. FEBS Lett 301: 246-252.

De Vitry C, Olive J, Drapier D Recouvreur M & Wollman FA (1989) Post-translational events leading to the assembly of photosystem II protein complex: a study using photosynthesis mutants from chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Cell Bioi 109: 991-1006.

Debus RJ (1992) The manganese and calcium ions of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim Biophys Acta 1102: 269-352.

Demmig-Adams B & Adams Ill WW (1992) Photoprotection and other responses of plants to high light stress. Annu Rev Plant Physiol & Plant Mol Bioi 43: 599-626.

Deng X-W & Gruissem W (1987) Control of plastid gene expression during development: the limited role of transcriptional regulation. Cell 49: 379-387.

Deng X-W & Gruissem W (1988) Constitutive transcription and regulation of gene expression in non photosynthetic plastids of higher plants. EMBO J 7: 3301-3308.

Deng X-W, Stern, DB, Tonkyn JC & Gruissem W (1987) Plastid run-on transcription. Application to determine the transcriptional regulation of plastid genes. J Bioi Chern 262: 9641-9648.

Deng X-W (1994) Fresh view of light signal transduction in plants. Cell 76: 423-426.

Diner BA, Petrouleas V & Wendoloski JJ (1991) The iron-quinone electron-acceptor complex of photosystem II. Physiol Plant 81: 423-436.

Dostatni R. Meyer HE & Oettmeier W (1988) Mapping of twwo tyrosine residues involved in the quinone (QB) binding site of the D1 reaction center polupeptide of photosystem II. FEBS Lett 239: 207-210.

Dunn PPJ & Gray JC (1988) Localization and nucleotide sequence of the gene for the 8 kDa subunit of photosystem I in pea and wheat chloroplast DNA. Plant Mol Bioi 11: 311-319.

99

Durrant JR, Klug DR, Kwa SLS, van Grondell R, Porter G & Dekker JP (1995) A multimer model for P680, the primary electron donor of PSII. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 92: 4798-4802. _

Edelman M, Cowan CA, Epstein HT & Schiff JA (1964) Studies of chloroplast development in Euglena. VIII. Chloroplast-associated DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 52: 1214-1219.

Edelman M (1981) Nucleic acids of chloroplast and mitochondria. In: Marcus A (ed) The Biochemistry of Plants, val VI pp 249-301, Academic Press, London.

Eisenberg-Domovich Y, Oelmuller R, Herrmann RG & Ohad I (1995) Role of the RCII-01 protein in the reversible association of the oxygen-evolving complex proteins with the lumenal side of photosystem 11. J Bioi Chem 270: 30181-30186.

Enami I, Kaneko M, Kitamura N, Koike H, Sonoike K, Inoue Y & Katoh S (1991) Total immobilization of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein in spinach photosystem II membrane preparations. Protein stoichiometry and stabilization of oxygen evolution. Biochim Biophys Acta 1060: 224-232.

Enami I, Kitamura M, Tomo T, lsokawa y, Ohta H & Katoh S (1994a) Is the primary cause of thermal inactivation of oxygen evolution in spinach PS II membranes release of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein or of Mn? Biochim Biophys Acta 1186: 52-58.

Enami I, Tomo T, Kitamura M & Katoh S (1994b) Immobilization of the three extrinsic proteins in spinach oxygen-evolving photosystem II membranes: roles of the proteins in stabilization of binding of Mn and Ca2

•. Biochim Biophys Acta 1185: 75-80.

Eneas-Filho J, Hartley MR & Mache R (1981) Pea chloroplast ribosomal proteins: characterization and site of synthesis. Mol Gen Genet 184: 484-488.

Feierabend J & Berberich T (1991) In Mache R, Stutz E, Subramanian AR (eds): The translational apparatus of photosynthetic organelles. NATO ASI series, Springer, Berlin pp. 215-227.

Fish LE, Kuck U & Bogorad L (1985) Two partially homologus adjacent light-inducible maize chloroplast genes encoding polypeptides of P700 chlorophyll a-protein complex of photosystem I. J Bioi Chem 260: 1413-1421.

Fork DC, Sen A & Williams WP (1987) The relationship between heat-stress and photobleaching in green and blue-green algae. Photosynth Res 11: 71-87.

Gamble PE & Mullet JE (1989) Blue light regulates the accumulation of two psbD-psbC transcripts in barley chloroplasts. EMBO J 8: 2785-2794.

Ghanotakis OF, Topper JN, Babcock GT & Yocum CF (1984) Water-soluble 17-kDa and 23-kDa polypeptides restore oxygen evolution activity by creating a high-affinitybinding-site for Ca2+ and on the oxidizing side of photosystem-11. FEBS Lett 170: 169-173.

Gillham NW, Boynton JE & Hauser CR (1994) Translational regulation of gene expression in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Annu Rev Genet 28: 71-93.

Girard-Bascou J, Pierre Y & Drapier D (1992) A nuclear mutation affects the synthesis of the chloroplast psbA gene production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Curr Genet 22: 47-52.

Gombos Z, Wad a H & Murata N (1991) Direct evaluation of effects of fatty-acid unsaturation on the thermal properties of photosynthetic activities, as studied by mutation and transformation of synechocystis PCC6803. Plant Cell Physiol 32: 205-211.

Gombos Z, Wada H & Murata N (1992) Unsaturation of fatty acids in membrane lipids enhances tolerance of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 to low-temperature photoinhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 9959-9963.

Gounaris K, Brain APR, Quinn PJ & Williams WP (1983) Structural and functional changes associated with heat-induced phase separation of non-bilayer lipids in chloroplast membranes. FEBS Lett 153: 47-52.

Gounaris K, Brain APR, Quinn PJ & Williams WP (1984) Structural reorganization of chloroplast thylakoid membranes in response to heat stress. Biochim Biophys Acta 766: 198-208.

100

Greenberg BM, Narita JO, deluca-flaherty C, Gruissem W, Rushlow KA & Hallick RB (1984) Evidence for two RNA polymerase activities in Euglena gracilis chloroplasts. J Bioi Chem 259: 14880-14887.

Greenberg BM, Gaba V, Mattoo AK & Edelman M (1987) Identification of primary in vivo degradation product of the rapidly-turning-over 32kD protein of photosystem II. EMBO J 6: 2865-2869.

Gruissem W (1989) Chloroplast gene expression: how plants turn their plastids on. Cell 56: 161-170.

Gruissem W & Tonkyn JC (1993) Control mechanisms of plastid gene expression. Crit Rev Plant Sci 12: 19-55.

Gunning BES & Steer MW (1975) Ultrastructure and the biology of plant cells. Arnold, London.

Haff LA & Bogorad L (1976) Hybridization of maize chloroplast DNA with transfer ribonucleic acids. Biochemistry 15:4105-4109.

Hallick RB, Lipper C, Richards OC & Rutter WJ (1976) Isolation of a transcriptionally active chromosome from chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis. Biochemistry 15: 3039-3045.

Haley J & Bogorad L (1989) A 4-kDa maize chloroplast polypeptide associated with the cytochrome b6f complex: subunit 5, encoded by the chloroplast petE gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 86: 1534-1538. .

Hankamer B, Barber, J & Boekema EJ (1997) Structure amd membrane organization of phhotosystem II in green plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Bioi 48: 641-671.

Harlow E & Lane D (1988) Antibodies: A laboratory manual. Cold Spring Horbor Laboratory.

Hayashida N, Matsubayashi T, Shinozaki K, Sugiura M, Inoue K & Hiyama T (1987) The gene for 9 kd polypeptide, a possible apoprotein for the iron sulfur centers A and B of the photosystem I complex, in tobacco chloroplast DNA. Curr Genet 12: 247-250.

Heinemeyer W, Alt J & Herrmann RG (1984) Nucleotide sequence of the clustered genes for apocytochrome bs and subunit IV of cytochrome b6f complex in spinach chromosome. Curr Genet 8: 543-549.

Henning J & Herrmann RG (1986) Chloroplast ATP synthase of spinach contains nine nonidentical subunit species, six of which are encoded by plastid chromosomes in two operons in a phylogenetically conserved arrangement. Mol Gen Genet 203: 117-128.

Herrmann RG & Kowallik KV (1970) Multiple amounts of DNA related to the size of chloroplasts. Protoplasma 69:365-372.

Herrmann RG (1972) Do chromoplasts contain DNA? II. The isolation and characterization of DNA from chromoplasts, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nuclei of Narcissus. Protoplasma 74: 7-17.

Hess WR, Prombona A, Fieder B, Subramanian AR & Borner T (1993) Chloroplast rps15 and the rpoB/C1/C2 gene cluster are strongly transcribed in the ribosome-deficient plastids: evidence for a functioning non-chloroplast-encoded RNA polymerase. EMBO J 12: 563-571 (1993).

Hiratsuka J, Shimada H, Wittier WF, Ishibashi T, Sakamoto M, Mori M, Kondo C, Honji Y, Sun C-R, Meng B-Y, Li Y-Q, Kanno A, Nishizawa Y, Hirai A, Shinozaki K, Sugiura M (1989) The complete sequence of the rice (oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: Intermolecular recombination between direct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of cereals. Mol Gen Genet 217: 185-194.

Hird SM, Dyer TA & Gray JC (1986) The gene for the 10 kDa phosphoprotein of photosystem II is located in chloroplast DNA. FEBS Lett 209: 181-186.

Hird SM, Dyer TA & Gray JC (1989) Nucleotide sequence of the rpoA gene in wheat chloroplast DNA. Nucleic Acid Res 17: 6394.

Hochstrasser DF, Harrington MG, Hochstrasser A-C, Miller MJ & Merryl CR (1988) Methods for increasing the resolution of two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. Ana Biochem 173: 424-435.

101

Hoglund A-S & Gray JC (1987) Nucleotide sequence of the gene for ribosomal protein S2 in wheat chloroplast DNA. Nucleic Acid Res 15: 10590.

Hoober JK (1984) Chloroplasts. pp. 200-221, Plenum Press, New York.

Howe CJ, Fearnley IM, Walker JE, Dyer TA & Gray JC (1985) Nucleotide sequences of the genes for the alpha, beta and epsilon subunits of wheat chloroplast ATP synthase. Plant Mol Bioi 4: 333-345.

Hu J & Bogorad L (1990) Maize chloroplast RNA polymerase: The 180-, 120- and 38- kilodalton polypeptides are encoded in chloroplast genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 87: 1531-1535.

Hu J, Troxler RF & Bogorad L (1991) Maize chloroplast RNA polymerase: the 78-kilodalton polypeptide is encoded by the plastid rpoC1 gene. Nucl Acids Res 19: 3431-3434.

Hudson GS, Mason JG, Holton TA, Koller B, Cox GB, Whitfeld PR & Bottomley W (1987) A gene cluster in the spinach and pea chloroplast genomes encoding one CF1 and three CF0 subunits of the H. -ATP synthase complex and the ribosomal protein S2. J Mol Bioi 196: 283-298.

Hundal T, Virgin I, Styring S & Andersson B (1990) Changes in organization of photosystem II following light induced D1-protein degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1017:235-241.

Hurt E & Hauska G (1981) A cytochrome b6f complex of five polypeptides with plastoquinol­plastocyanin oxidoreductase activity from spinach chloroplasts. Eur J Biochem 117: 591-599.

lgloi GL & Kassel H (1992) The transcriptional apparatus of chloroplasts. Crit Rev Plant Sci 10: 525-558.

Jansen MAK, Depka B, Trebst A & Edelman M (1993) Engagement of specific sites in the plastoquinone niche regulates degradation of the D1 protein in photosystem II. J Bioi Chern 268: 21246-21252.

Jegerscold C, Virgin I & Styring S (1990) Light-dependent degradation of the D1 protein in photosystem II is accelerated after inhibition of the water splitting reaction. Biochemistry 29: 6179-6186.

Joliot P, Barbier IG & Chabaud R (1969) Un nouveau module des centres photochimique du systeme II. Photochem Photobiol 10: 309-329.

Jung Y-S, Yu L & Golbeck JH (1995) Reconstitution of iron-sulfur center FB results in complete restoration of NADP+ photoreduction in Hg-treated photosystem I complexes from Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301. Photosynth Res 46:249-255.

Katoh S & San Pietro A (1967) Ascorbate-supported NADP photoreduction by heated Euglena chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 122: 144-152.

Kavelaki K & Ghanotakis DF (1991) Effect of the manganese complex on the binding of the extrinsic proteins (17, 23 and 33 kDal of photosystem II. Photosynth Res 29: 149-155

Kawaguchi H, Fukuda I, Shiina T & Toyoshima Y (1992) Dynamical behavior of psb gene transcripts in greening wheat seedlings. I. Time course of accumulation of the psbA through psbN gene transcripts during light-induced greening. Plant Mol Bioi 20: 695-704 (1992).

Kaziro Y (1978) The role of guanosine 5'-triphosphate in polypeptide chain elongation. Biochim Biophys Acta 505: 95-127.

Kim M, Christopher DA & Mullet JE (1993) Direct evidence for selective modulation of psbA, rpoA, rbcl and 16S RNA stability during barley chloroplast development. Plant Mol Bioi 22: 447-463 (1993)

Kim J, Eichacker LA, Rudiger W & Mullet JE (1994) Chlorophyll regulates accumulation of the plastid-encoded chlorophyll proteins P700 and D1 by increasing apoprotein stability. Plant Physiol 104: 907-916.

Kim M & Mullet JE (1995) Identification of a sequence-specific DNA binding factor required for transcription of the barley chloroplast blue light-responsive psbD-psbC promoter. Plant Cell 7: 1445-1457.

102

Klein RR & Mullet JE (1987) Regulation of chloroplast-encoded chlorophyll binding protein translation during higher plant chloroplast biogenesis. J Bioi Chern 262: 4341-4348.

Klein RR, Mason HS & Mullet JE (1988) Light-regulated translation of chloroplast proteins. I. transcripts of psaA-psaB, psbA and rbcl are associated with polysomes in dark-grown and illuminated barley seedlings. J Cell Bioi 106: 289-301.

Klein RR & Mullet JE (1990) Light-induced transcription of chloroplast genes: psbA transcription is differentially enhanced in illuminated barley. J Bioi Chern 265: 1895-1902.

Koike H, lkeuchi M, Hiyama T & Inoue Y (1989) Identification of photosystem I components from the cyanobacteria Synechococcus vulcanus by N-terminal sequencing. FEBS Lett 253: 257-263.

Kok B, Forbush B & McGloin M (1970) Co-operation of charges in photosynthesis evolution. I. A linear four step-mechanism. Photochem Photobiol11: 457-475.

Kolodner R & Tewari KK (1972) Molecular size and conformation of chloroplast DNA from pea leaves. J Bioi Chern 247: 6355-6364.

Kolodner R & Tewari KK (1975) The molecular size and conformation of chloroplast DNA from higher plants. Biochim Biophys Acta 402: 372-390.

Krause GH & Santarius K (1975) Relative thermostability of the chloroplast envelope. Planta 127: 285-299.

Kruase GH (1994) Photoinhibition induced by low temperatures. In: Photoinhibition of photosynthesis from molecular mechanisms to the field. baker NR, Bowler JR (eds) pp 331-348 Bios Scientific Publishers, London.

Krebbers ET, Larrinua IM, Mcintosh L & Bogorad L (1982) The maize chloroplast genes for the ~ and e. subunits of the photosynthetic coupling factor CF1 are fused. Nucleic Acid Res 10: 4985-5002.

Kyle OJ & Zalik S (1982) Development of photochemical activity in relation to pigment and membrane protein accumulation in chloroplasts of barley and its virescens mutant. Plant Physiol 69: 1392-1400.

Lam E & Malkin R (1982) Ferredoxin-mediated reduction of cytochrome b-563 in a chloroplast b-563/f complex. FEBS Lett 141: 98-101.

Lammeli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of· the head of bacteriophage T. Nature 227: 680-685.

Lerbs S, Briat JF & Mache R (1983) Chloroplast RNA polymerase from spinach: Purification and DNA-binding proteins. Plant Mol Bioi 2: 67-74.

Lerbs S, Brautigam E & Parthier B (1985) Polypeptides of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of spinach chloroplasts: Characterization by antibody-linked polymerase assay and determination of sites of synthesis. EMBO J 4: 1661-1666.

Levitt L (1980) Responses of plants to environmental stresses Vol1, Academic press, New York.

Li Y & Sugiura M (1990) Three distinct ribonucleoproteins from tobacco chloroplasts: each contains a unique amino terminal acidic domain and two ribonucleoprotein consensus motifs. EMBO J 9: 3059-3066.

Little MC & Hallick RB (1988) Chloroplast rpoA, rpoB and rpoC genes specify at least three components of a chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase active in tRNA and mRNA transcription. J Bioi Chern 263: 14302-14307.

Lyttleton JW (1962) Isolation of ribosomes from spinach chloroplasts. Expl cell Res 26: 312-317.

Mamedov MD, Hayashi H & Murata N (1993) Effects of glycinebetaine and unsaturation of membrane lipids on heat stability of photosynthetic electron-transport and phosphorylation reactions in Synechocystis PCC6803. Biochim Biophys Acta 1142: 1-5.

103

Mannan RM, He W-Z, Metzger S, Whitmarsh J, Malkin B & Pakrasi HB (1996) Active photosynthesis in cyanobacterial mutants with directed modifications in the ligands for two iron-sulfur clusters in the PsaC protein of photosystem I. EMBO J 15: 1826-1833.

Mattoo AK, Hoffman-Falk H, Marder J & Edelman M (1984) Regulation of protein metabolism: coupling of photosynthetic electron transport to in vivo degradation of the rapidly metabolised 32-kilodalton protein of the chloroplast membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 1380-1384.

Mattoo AK, Marder JB & Edelman M (1989) Dynamics of the photosystem II reaction center. Cell 56: 241-246.

Matsubayashi T, Wakasugi T, Shinozaki K, Yamaguci-Shinozaki K, Zaita N, Hidaka T, Meng BY, Ohto C, Tanaka M, Kato A, Maruyama T & Sugiura M (1986) Six chloroplast genes (ndhA-F) homologues to human mitochondrial genes encoding components of the respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase are actively expressed: Determination of the splice sites in ndhA and ndhB pre­mRNAs. Mol Gen Genet 210: 385-393.

Mayfield SP, Christopher BY, Cohen A & Dan on A (1995) Regulation of chloroplast gene expression. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Bioi 46: 147-166.

McCarty RE & Hammes GG (1987) Molecular architecture of chloroplast coupling factor1. Trends Biochem Sci 12: 234-237.

Memon AR, Meng B & Mullet JE (1996) RNA-binding proteins of 37/38 kDa bind specifically to the barley chloroplast psbA 3'-end untranslated RNA. Plant Mol Biol30: 1195-1205 (1996).

Meng BY, Tanaka M, Wakasugi T, Ohme M, Shinozaki K & Sugiura M (1988) Cotranscription of the genes encoding two P700 chlorophyll a apoproteins with the gene for ribosomal protein CS14: determination of the transcriptional initiation site by in vitro capping. Curr Genet 14: 395-400.

Miller RA & Zalik S (1965) Effect of light quality, light intensity and temperature on pigment accumulation in barley seedlings. Plant Physiol 40: 569-574.

Minami E-1, Shinohara K, Kuwabara T & Watanabe A (1986) In vitro synthesis and assembly of photosystem II proteins of spinach chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 244: 517-527.

Mishra RK & Singhal GS (1992) Function of photosynthetic apparatus of intact wheat leaves under high light and heat stress and its relationship with peroxidation of thylakoid lipids. Plant Physiol 98: 1-6.

Mishra NP, Fatma T & Mishar RK (1992) Protection of wheat chloroplasts from lipid peroxidation and loss of photosynthetic pigments by quercetin under strong illumination. J Plant Physiol 140: 409-413.

Mishra NP, Mishra RK & Singhal GS (1993) Involvement of active oxygen species in photoinhibition of photosystem II: protection of photosynthetic efficiency and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by superoxide dismutase and catalase. J Photochem Photobiol B: Bioi 19: 19-24.

Mishra NP & Ghanotakis DF (1994) Exposure of a photosystem II complex to chemically generated singlet oxygen results in 01 fragments similar to the ones observed during aerobic photoinhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1187: 296-300.

Mishra NP, Francke C, van Gorkam HJ & Ghanotakis OF (1994) Destructive role of singlet oxygen during aerobic illumination of the photosystem II core complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 725: 87-93.

Mitchell P (1975) The protein motive a cycle: A general formulation. FEBS Lett 59:137-139.

Miyao M & Murata N (1983) Partial disintegration and reconstitution of the photosynthetic oxygen evolution system. Biochim Biophys Acta 725: 87-93.

Miyao M & Murata N (1984a) Calcium ions can be subsituted for the 24-kDa polypeptide in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. FEBS Lett 168: 118-120.

Miyao M & Murata N (1984b) Role of the 33 kDa polypeptide in preserving Mn in the photosynthetic oxygen evolving system and its replacement by chloride ions. FEBS Lett 170: 350-354.

10-l

Miyao M, Fujimura Y & Murata N (1988) Partial degradation of the extrinsic 23-kDa protein of the Photosystem II complex of spinach. Biochim Biophys Acta 936: 465-474.

Miyao M & Murata N (1989) The mode of binding of three extrinsic proteins of 33 kDa, 23 kDa and 18 kDa in the Photosystem II complex of spinach. Biochim Biophys Acta 977: 315-321.

Miyao M, lkeuchi M, Yamamoto N & Ono T (1995) Specific degradation of the 01 protein of photosystem II by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in darkness: Implications for the mechanism of degradation of the 01 protein under illumination. Biochemistry 34: 10019-10026.

Mobius M (1920) Uber die Grosse der Chloroplasten. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 92: 393-402.

Mori H, Yamashita Y, Akasaka T & Yamamoto Y (1995) Further characterization of the loss of antenna chlorophyll-a-binding proteins CP43 from photosystem II during donor-side photoinhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1228: 37-42.

Mullet JE (1983) The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide which regulates membrane adhesion (grana stacking) in chloroplasts. J Bioi Chem 258: 9941-9948.

Mullet JE & Klein RR (1987) Transcription and RNA stability are important determinants of higher plant chloroplast RNA levels. EMBO J 6: 1571-1579.

Mullet JE (1988) Chloroplast development and gene expression. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Bioi 39: 475-502.

Mullet JE, Klein PG & Klein RR (1990) Chlorophyll regulates accumulation of the plastid encoded chlorophyll apoproteins CP43 and 01 by increasing apoprotein stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 87: 4038-4042.

Mullet JE (1993) Dynamic regulation of chloroplast transcription. Plant Physiol 103: 309-313.

Murphy OJ (1986) Structural properties and molecular organization of the acyl lipids of photosynthetic membranes. In: Sraehlin LA, Arntzen CJ (eds) Encyclopedis of plant physiology, New Series, vol 19, pp 713-725 Springer Verlag, Berlin

Nagano Y, Ishikawa H, Matsuno R & Sasaki Y (1991) Nucleotide sequence and expression of the ribosomal protein L2 gene in pea chloroplasts. Plant Mol Biol17: 541-545.

Nanba 0 & Satoh K (1987) Isolation of a photosystem II reaction center consisting -of 01 and 02 polypeptides and cytochrome b-559. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 84:109-112.

Nash D, Miyao M & Murata N (1985) Heat inactivation of oxygen evolution in photosystem II particles and its acceleration by chloride depletion and exogenous manganese. Biochim Biophys Acta 807: 127-133.

Nishiyama Y, Kovacs E, Lee CB, Hayashi H, Watanabe T & Murata N (1993) Photosynthetic adaptation to high temperature associated with thylakoid membranes of Synechococcus PCC7002. Plant Cell Physiol 34: 337-343.

Nixon PJ, Gounaris K, Coomber SA, Hunter CN, Dyer TA & Barber J (1989) psbG is not a photosystem two gene but may be an ndh gene. J Bioi Chem 264: 14129-14135.

Norris JR, Uphans RA, Crespi HL & Katz JJ (1971) Electron spin resonance of chlorophyll and the origin of signal I in photosynthesis. Proc natl Acad Sci, USA 68: 625-628.

Ohyama K, Fukuzawa H, Kohchi T, Sirai H, Sano T, Sano S, Umesno K, Shiki Y, Takeuchi M, Chang Z, Aota S, lnokuchi H & Ozeki H (1986) Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA. Nature 322: 572-574.

Ono T & Inoue Y (1989) Removal of Ca2• by pH 3.0 treatment inhibits S2 to S3 transition in

photosynthetic oxygen evolving system. Biochim Biophys Acta 973: 443-449.

Palmer JD & Thompson WF (1982) Chloroplast DNA rearrangement are more frequent when a large inverted repeat sequence is lost. Cell 29: 537-550.

Palmer JD (1985) Comparative organization of chloroplast genomes. Ann Rev Genet 19: 325-354.

105

Palomares R, Herrman RG & Oelmuller R (1993) Post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory steps are crucial in controlling the appearance and stability of thylakoid polypeptides during the transition of etiolated tobacco seedlings to white light. Eur J Bioi 217: 345-352.

Peter GF & Thornber JP (1992) Biochemical composition and organization of higher plant photosystem II light-harvesting pigment-proteins. J Bioi Chern 266: 16745-16754.

Pick U & Racker E (1979) Purification and reconstitution of the N-N'-dicyclohexyl-varbodiimide­sensitive ATPase complex from spinach chloroplasts. J Bioi Chern 25: 2793-2799.

Powles SB (1984) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis induced by visible light. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol 35: 15-45.

Prasil 0, Adir N & Ohad I (1992) Dynamics of photosystem II: mechanism of photoinhibition and recovery processes. In: Barber J (ed) Topics in Photosynthesis Vol 11 pp 295-348, Elsevier Scientific publisher, Amsterdam.

Purcell M, Leroux GD & Carpentier R (1991) Interaction of the electron donor dephynylcarbazide with the herbicide-binding niche of photosysten II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1058: 374-378.

Quigley F & Weil JH (1985) Organization and sequence of five tRNA genes and of an unidentified reading frame in the wheat chloroplast genome: evidence for gene arrangements during the evolution of chloroplast genomes. Curr Genet 9: 495-503 (1985).

Quinn PJ & Williams WP (1985) Environmentally induced changes in chloroplast membranes and their effects on photosynthetic functions. In J Barber, NR Baker (Eds) Photosynthetic mechanism and the environment. Elsevier Science Publishers 1-4 7.

Raison JK, Roberts JKM & Berry JA (1982) Correlations between the thermal stability of chloroplast (thylakoid) membranes and the composition and fluidity of their polar lipids upon acclimation of the higher plant, Nerium oleander, to growth temperature. Biochim Biophys Acta 688: 218-228.

Rapp JC, Baumgartner BJ & Mullet JE (1992) Quantitative analysis of transcription and RNA levels of 15 barley chloroplast genes. J Bioi Chern 267: 21404-21411.

Reinbothe S & Reinbothe C (1996) Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis in angiosperm. Plant Physiol111: 1-7.

Reiss T & Link G (1985) Characterization of a transcriptionally active DNA-protein complex from chloroplasts of mustard (Sinapsis alba L). Eur J Biochem 148: 207-212.

Ris H & Plaut W (1962) The ultrastructure of DNA containing areas in the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol13: 3830391.

Rivas JDL, Andersson B & Barber J (1992) Two sites of primary degradation of the D1 protein induced by acceptor or donor side photoinhibition in photosystem II core complexes. FEBS Lett 301: 246-252.

Rochaix J-D & Malnoe P (1978) Anatomy of the chloroplast ribosomal DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cell 15: 661-670.

Rochaix J-D, Kuchka M, Mayfield S, Schirmer-Rahire M, Girard-Bascou J & Bennoun P (1989) Nuclear and chloroplast mutations affect the synthesis or stability of the chloroplast psbC gene product in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. EMBO J 8: 1013-1021.

Rochaix J-D (1992) Post-transcriptional steps in the expression of chloroplast genes. Ann Rev Cell Bioi 8: 1-28.

Salter AH, Virgin I, Hagman A & Andersson B (1992) On the molecular mechanism of light-induced D1 protein degradation in photosystem II core particles. Biochemistry 31: 3990-3998.

Sambrook J, Fritsch EF & Maniatis T (1982) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

Santarius KA & Muller M (1979) Investigation on heat resistance of spinach leaves. Planta 146: 529-538.

106

Sasaki Y, Tomada Y & Kamikudo T (1984) Light regulates the gene expression of ribulose bisphophate carboxylase at the level of transcription and gene dosage in greening pea leaves. FEBS Lett 173: 31-35.

Sasaki y & Kuroina T (1988) Effect of chloramphenical and lincomycin on chloroplast DNA amplification in greening pea leaves. Plant Mol Bioi 11: 585-588.

Satoh K (1996) Introduction to the photosystem II reaction center: isolation and biochemical and biophysical characterization. Ort DR, Yocum CF (eds) Oxygenic photosynthesis: The light reactions. Dordrecht, Kluwer.

Sayed OH, Emes MJ & Earnshaw MJ (1989) Photosynthetic response to different varities of wheat to high temperature. I. effect of growth temperature on development and photosynthetic performance. J Exp Bot 40: 625-631.

Scheller HV, Okkels JS, Hoj PB, Svendsen I, Roepstroff P & Moiler BL (1989) The primary structure of a 4.0 kDa photosystem I polypeptide encoded by the chloroplast psal gene. J Bioi Chern 264: 18402-18406.

Schreiber U & Berry JA (1977) Heat induced changes of chlorophyll fluorescence in intact leaves correlated with damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. Pia nata 136: 233-238.

Schuster G, Even D, Kloppstech & Ohad I (1988a) Evidence for protection by heat-shock proteins against photoinhibition during heat-shock. EMBO J 8: 1-6.

Schuster G, Timberg R & Ohad I (1988b) Turnover of thylakoid photosystem II proteins during photoinhibition of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Eur J Biochem 177: 403-410. -

Schuster G & Gruissem W (1991) Chloroplast mRNA 3' end processing requires a nuclear-encoded RNA-binding protein. EMBO J 10: 1493-1502.

Scott NS & Possingham JV (1980) Chloroplast DNA in expanding spinach leaves. J Exp Bot 31: 1081-1092.

Seemann JR, Downton WJS & Berry JA (1986) Plant Physiol 80: 926-930.

Sexton TB, Christopher DA & Mullet JE (1990) Light-induced switch in barley psbD-psbC promoter utilization: a novel mechanism regulating chloroplast gene expression. EMBO J 9: 4485-4494.

Shinozaki K, Deno H, Kato A & Sugiura M (1983) Overlap and cotranscription of the genes for the beta and epsilon subunits of tobacco chloroplast ATPase. Gene 24: 147-155.

Shinozaki K, Ohme M, Tanaka M, Wakasugi T, Hayshida N, Matsubayasha T, Zaita N, Chunwongse J, Obokata J, Yamaguci-Shinozaki K, Ohto C, Torazawa K, Meng B, Sugita M, Deno H, Kamogashira T, Yamada K, Kusuda J, Takawa F, Kata A, Todohh N, Shimada H & Sugiura M (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. EMBO J 5: 2043-2049.

Shipton CA & Barber J (1991) Photoinduced degradation of the D1 polypeptide in isolated reaction centers of photosystem II: Evidence for an autoproteolytic process triggered by the oxidizing side of the photosystem. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 6691-6695.

Shuvalov VA, Nuijs AM, van Gorkom HJ, Smit HWJ & Duysens LNM (1986) Picosecond absorbance changes upon selective excitation of the primary electron donor P-700 in photosystem I. Biochim Biophys Acta 850: 319-323.

Sies H & Cadenas E (1983) in Biological basis of detoxification (Caldwell J & Jakoby WB eds) pp 181-211, Academic Press.

Sijben-Muller G, Halick RB, Alt J, Westhoff P & Herrmann RG (1986) Spinach plastid genes coding for initiation factor IF-1, ribosomal protein S11 and RNA polymerase alpha-subunits. Nucleic Acid Res 14: 1029-1044.

Silk GW & Wu M (1988) Darkness and antibiotics increase the steady-state transcripts of the elongation factor gene (tuf) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Curr Genet 14: 119-126.

107

Singh AK, Chauhan S & Singh GS (1995) A simple and rapid aqueous method for the purification of DNA from wheat chloroplast. J Plant Biochem & Biotech 4: 51-53.

Siu C-H, Swift H & Chiang K-S (1976) Characterization of cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes in the colorless alga Polytoma. J Cell Bioi 69: 371-382.

Smillie RM, Critchley c. Bain JM & Nott R (1978) Effect of growth temperature on chloroplast structure and activity in barley. Plant Physiol62: 191-196.

Smith HJ & Bogorad L (1974) The polypeptide subunit structure of the DNA-dependent RNA polymearse of Zea mays chloroplast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 4839-4842.

Sopory SK, Ghirardi ML, Greenberg BM, Elich T. Edelman M & Matteo AK (1993) Regulation of the 32 kD-D1 photosystem II reaction center protein. In: Abrol, Y. P., P. Mohanty, and Govindjee (eds.), Photosynthesis: Photoreactions to Plant Productivity. pp. 131-156. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Stem DB & Gruissem W (1987) Control of plastid gene expression: 3' inverted repeats act as mRNA processing and stabilizing elements, but do not terminate transcription. Cell 51: 1145-1157.

Stidham MA, Uribe GE & Williams GJ (1982) Temperature dependence of photosynthesis in Agropyron smithii Rydb. II. Contribution from electron transport and photophosphorylation. Plant Physiol 69: 929-934.

Sugita M & Sugiura M (1983) Putative gene of tobacco chloroplast coding for ribosomal protein similar to E. coli ribosomal protein S19. Nucl Acid Res 11: 1913-1918.

Sugiura M, Torazawa K & Wakasugi T (1991) Chloroplast genes coding for ribosomal proteins in land plants. In: Mache R, Stutz E, Subramanian AR (eds) The translational apparatus of photosynthetic organelles, pp. 59-69. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Sugiura M (1992) The chloroplast genome. Plant Mol Bioi 19: 149-168.

Suss K-H & Yordanov IT (1986) Biosynthetic cause of in vivo acquired thermotolerance of photosynthetic light reactions and metabolic responses of chloroplasts to heat stress. Plant Physiol81: 192-199.

Tanaka S, Kawata Y, Wada K & Hamaguchi K (1989) Extrinsic 33-Kilodalton protein of spinach oxygen-evolving complexes: Kinetic studies of folding and disulfide reduction. Biochemistry 28: 7188-7193.

Tewari KK & Goel A (1983) Solubilization and partial purification of RNA polymerase from pea chloroplasts. Biochemistry 22: 2142-2148.

Thomas EJ & Ortiz W (1995) Loss of chloroplast transcripts for proteins associated with photosystem II: an early event during heat-bleaching in Euglena gracilis. Plant Mol Biol27: 317-325.

Thompson LK, Blaylock R, Sturtevant JM & Brudvig GW (1989) Molecular basis of the heat denaturation of photosystem II. Biochemistry 28: 6686-6695.

Thornber JP, Morishige DT, Anandan S & Peter GF (1991) Chlorophyll-carotenoid-proteins of higher olant thylakoids. In: Scheer H (ed) The Chlorophylls pp 549-585 CRC Press. Boca raton, FL.

Thumauer MC & Gast P (1985) Q-band (35 Ghz) EPR results on the nature of A 1 and electron spin polarization in photosystem I particles. Photochem Photobiophys 9:29-38.

Tobin EM & Silverthorne J (1985) Light regulation of gene expression in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 36: 569-593.

Trebst A (1986) The topology of the plastoquinone and herbicide binding peptides of photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane. Z Naturforsch 41 C: 240-245.

van Grup M, van Ginkel G & Levine YK (1990) In: Current Research in Photosynthesis Baltscheffsky M (ed) pp 337-340 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

108

Vass I, Styring S, Hundal T, Koivunirmi A, Aro E-M & Andersson B (1992) Reversible & irreversible intermediates during photoinhibition of photosystem 2-stable reduced QA species promote chlorophyll triplet formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 1408-1412.

Venediktov PS & Krivoshejeva AA (1983) The mechanisms of fatty-acid inhibition of electron transport in chloroplasts. Planta 159:411-414.

Venediktov PS & Krivoshejeva AA (1984) Effect of pH and deuterium oxide on the heat inactivation temperature of chloroplasts. Planta 159: 411-414.

Virgin I, Styring S & Andersson B (1988) Photosystem II disorganisation and manganese release after photoinhibition of isolated spinach thylakoid membranes. FEBS Lett 233: 408-412.

Virgin 1, Ghanotakis D & Andersson B (1990) Light-induced D1-protein degradation in isolated photosystem II core complexes. FEBS Lett 269: 45-48.

Volger H & Santarius KA (1981) Release of membrane proteins in relation to heat injury of spinach chloroplasts. Physiol Plant 51: 195-200.

von Gorkham HJ (1985) Electron transfer in photosystem II. Photosynth Res 6: 97-112.

Wada T, Tunoyama Y, Shiina T & Toyoshima Y (1994) In vitro analysis of light-induced transcription in the wheat psbDIC gene cluster using plastid extracts from dark-grown and short-term­illuminated seedlings. Plant Physiol104: 1259-1267.

Wagner GR, Youngman RJ & Elstner EF (1988) Inhibition of chloroplast photooxidation by flavonoids and mechanisms of the antioxidative action. J Photochem Photobiol 8: Bioi 1: 451-460.

Wales R,Newmann BJ, Pappin D & Gray JC (1989) The extrinsic 33 kDa polypeptide of the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II is a putative calcium-binding protein and is encoded by a multi gene family in pea. Plant Mol Biol12: 439-451.

Wang JC (1985) DNA topoisomerases. Ann Rev Biochem 54: 665-697.

Webb MS & Green BR (1991) Biochemical and biophysical properties of thylakoid acyl lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1060: 133-158.

Webber AN, Hird SM, Packman LC, Dyer TA & Gray JC (1989) A photosystem II polypeptide is encoded by an open reading frame co-transcribed with genes for cytochrome b-559 in wheat chloroplast DNA. Plant Mol Biol12: 141-151.

Weis E (1982) The influence of metal cations and pH on the heat sensitivity of photosynthetic oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence in spinach chloroplasts. Planta 154: 41-47.

Wellbum AR & Hampp R (1979) Appearance of photochemical functions in prothylakoids during plastid development. Biochim Biophys Acta 547: 380-397.

Westhoff P, Alt J, Nelson N, Bottomley W, Bunemann H & Herrmann RG (1983) Genes and transcripts for P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein and subunit 2 of the photosystem I reaction center complex from spinach thyalkoid membranes. Plant Mol Biol2: 95-107.

Westhoff P, Alt J, Nelson N, & Herrmann RG (1985) Genes and transcripts for the ATP synthase CFo suunits I and II from spinach thylakoid membranes. Mol Gen Genet 199: 290-299.

Whitmarsh J & Govindjee (1995) Photosynthesis. In: Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, vol 13 pp 513-532 VCH Publishers, Inc.

Willey DL, Howe CJ, Auffret AD, Bowman CM, Dyer TA & Gray JC (1984) Location and nucleotide sequence of the gene for cytochrome f in wheat chloroplast DNA. Mol Gen Genet 194: 416-422.

Williams WP & Gounaris K (1992) Stabilization of PSII-mediated electron transport in oxygen­evolving PSII core preparations by the addition of compatible co-solutes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1100: 92-97.

109

Wood PM & Bendall DS (1976) The reduction of plastocyanin by plastoquinol-1 in the presence of chloroplasts: a dark electron transfer reaction involving components between the two photosystems. eur J Biochem 61: 337-344.

Yamamoto Y & Nishimura M (1983) in The Oxygen evolving system of photosynthesis. Inoue Y, Crofts Ar, Govindjee Murata N, Renger G & satoh K (eds) pp 229-238, Academic Press Tokyo.

Yerkes CT & Babcock GT (1981) Surface charge asymmetry and a specific calcium ion effect in chloroplast photosystem II. Biochim Biophys Acta 634: 19-29.

Yordanov I, Goltsev V, Stotanova T & Venediktov (1987) High-temperature damage and acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus. Planta 170: 471-477.

Zhu YS & Hearst JG (1988) Transcription of oxygen-regulated photosynthetic genes requires DNAgyrase in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 4209-4213.

Zurawski G, Bottomley W & Whitefeld PR (1982) Structures of the genes for the p and e subunits of spinach chloroplast ATPase indicate a dicistronic mRNA and an overlapping translation stop start signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 6260-6264.

Zurawski G & Clegg MT (1987) Evolution of higher plant chloroplast DNA-encoded genes: Implications of structure, function and phylogenetic studies. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 38: 391-418.

110