434

REFERENCES

Adams, E. D., & Bianchi, A. L. (2008). A practical approach to labor support. Jognn-Journal

of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 37(1), 106-115.

Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment. Hillsdale,

New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Apker, J., & Eggly, S. (2004). Communicating professional identity in medical socialization:

Considering the ideological discourse of morning report. Qualitative Health

Research, 14(3), 411-429.

Ballen, L. E., & Fulcher, A. J. (2006). Nurses and doulas: Complementary roles to provide

optimal maternity care. JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal

Nursing, 35(2), 304-311.

Bandler, R., & Grinder, J. (1982). ReFraming: neuro-linguistic programming and the

transformation of meaning. Moab, Utah: Real People Press.

Barclay, L., Donovan, J., & Genovese, A. (1996). Men's experiences during their partner's

first pregnancy: A grounded theory analysis. Australian Journal of Advanced

Nursing, 13(3).

Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. San Francisco: Chandler Publishing

Company.

Bavelas, Black, A., Chovel, N., & Lemery, C. (1988). Form and function in motor mimicry:

topographic evidence that the primary function is communicative. Human

communication research, 14(3), 275-299.

435

Bavelas, Black, A., Lemery, C., & Mullett, J. (1986). "I show you how I feel": motor

mimicry as a communicative act. Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(2),

322-329.

Bavelas, Black, A., Lemery, C., & Mullett, J. (1987). Motor mimicry as primitive empathy.

In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 317-338). New

York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.

Beaton, J., & Gupton, A. (1990). Childbirth expectations: a qualitative analysis. Midwifery,

6, 133-139.

Belsky, J., Lang, M., & Huston, T. (1986). Sex typing and division of labor as determinants

of marital change across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Personality and

Social Psychology, 50, 517-522.

Berg, M., & Terstad, A. (2006). Swedish women's experiences of doula support during

childbirth. Midwifery, 22(4), 330-338.

Berry, L. M. (1988). Realistic Expectations of the labor coach. JOGNN-Journal of Obstetric

Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 17, 354-355.

Bertsch, T., Nagashima-Whalen, L., Dykeman, S., Kennell, J., & McGrath, S. (1990). Labor

support by first time fathers-direct observations with a comparison to experienced

doulas. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology, 11(4), 251-260.

Blix-Lindstrom, S., Christensson, K., & Johansson, E. (2004). Women's satisfaction with

decision-making related to augmentation of labour. Midwifery, 20(1), 104-112.

Block, J. (2007). Pushed: The Painful Truth About Childbirth and Modern Maternity Care

New York: Da Capo Lifelong Books.

436

Bowlby, J. (1969; 1982). Attachment and loss: attachment (Second ed. Vol. 1). New York:

Basic Books.

Bowlby, J. (1979). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. New York: Routledge.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base. New York: Basic.

Bradley, R., Slade, P., & Leviston, A. (2008). Low rates of PTSD in men attending

childbirth: A preliminary study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 295-302.

Breart, G., Mlika-Cabane, N., Kaminski, M., Alexander, S., Herruzo-Nalda, A.,

Mandruzzato, P., et al. (1992). Evaluation of different policies of rht management of

labour. Early Human Development, 29, 309-312.

Breedlove, G. (2005). Perceptions of social support from pregnant and parenting teens using

community-based doulas. J Perinat Educ, 14(3), 15-22.

Brennan, A., Marsiaall-Lucette, S., Ayers, S., & Ahmed, H. (2007). A qualitative exploration

of the Couvade syndrome in expectant fathers. Journal of Reproductive and Infant

Psychology, 25(1), 18-39.

Brown, J. B., Beckhoff, C., Bickford, J., Stewart, M., Freeman, T. R., & Kasperski, M. J.

(2009). Women and Their Partners' Perceptions of the Key Roles of the Labor and

Delivery Nurse. Clinical Nursing Research, 18(4), 323-335.

Bryanton, J., Fraser-Davey, H., & Sullivan, P. (1994). Women's perceptions of nursing

support during labor. JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal

Nursing, 23(8), 638-644.

Buist, A., Morse, C. A., & Durkin, S. (2003). Men's adjustment to fatherhood: Implications

for obstetric health care. JOGNN-Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal

Nursing, 32(2), 172-180.

437

Callister, L. (1993). The role of the nurse in childbirth: perceptions of the childbearing

woman. Clinical nurse specialist, 7(6), 288-293.

Callister, L. C. (1995). Becoming a father. Journal of Perinatal Education, 4(1), 1-8.

Campbell, Scott, K. D., Klaus, M. H., & Falk, M. (2007). Female relatives or friends trained

as labor doulas: outcomes at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum. Birth, 34(3), 220-227.

Campbell, A. (2008). Attachment, aggression and affiliation: The role of oxytocin in female

social behavior. Biological Psychology, 77(1), 1-10.

Campbell, A., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (1982). Teaching expectant fathers how to be better

childbirth coaches. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 7(1), p.

28-32.

Campbell, D. A., Lake, M. F., Falk, M., & Backstrand, J. R. (2006). A randomized control

trial of continuous support in labor by a lay doula. JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric

Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 35(4), 456-464.

Campbell, I., & Field, P. (1989). Common psychological concerns experienced by parents

during pregnancy. Canada's Mental Health, 2-5.

Campero, L., Garcia, C., Diaz, C., Ortiz, O., Reynoso, S., & Langer, A. (1998). "Alone, I

wouldn't have known what to do": A qualitative study on social support during labor

and delivery in Mexico. Social science and medicine, 47(3), 395-403.

Capogna, G., Camorcia, M., & Stirparo, S. (2007). Expectant fathers' experience during labor

with or without epidural analgesia. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia,

16(2), 110-115.

438

Carlton, T., Callister, L. C., Christiaens, G., & Walker, D. (2009). Labor and Delivery

Nurses' Perceptions of Caring for Childbearing Women in Nurse Managed Birthing

Units. Mcn-the American Journal of Maternal-Child Nursing, 34(1), 50-56.

Cassidy-Brinn, G., Hornstein, F., & Downer, C. (1984). Woman-centered pregnancy and

birth. Pittsburgh and San Francisco: Federation of Feminist Women's Health Centers;

Cleis Press.

Chandler, S., & Field, P. A. (1997). Becoming a father - First-time fathers' experience of

labor and delivery. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery, 42(1), 17-24.

Chapman, L. L. (1991). Searching: Expectant fathers' experiences during labor and birth.

Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 4(4), 21-29.

Chapman, L. L. (2000). Expectant fathers and labor epidurals. MCN: The American Journal

of Maternal/Child Nursing, 25(3), p. 133-138.

Chen, C. H., Wang, S. Y., & Chang, M. Y. (2001). Women's perceptions of helpful and

unhelpful nursing behaviors during labor: A study in Taiwan. Birth-Issues in

Perinatal Care, 28(3), 180-185.

Cheung, W., Ip, W. Y., & Chan, D. (2007). Maternal anxiety and feelings of control during

labour: A study of Chinese first-time pregnant women. Midwifery, 23(2), 123-130.

Cheyney, M. J. (2008). Homebirth as systems-challenging praxis: Knowledge, power, and

intimacy in the birthplace. Qualitative Health Research, 18(2), 254-267.

Christen, R. N., Alder, J., & Bitzer, J. (2008). Gender differences in physicians'

communicative skills and their influence on patient satisfaction in gynaecological

outpatient consultations. Social Science & Medicine, 66(7), 1474-1483.

439

Clinton, J. F., & Kelber, S. T. (1993). Stress and Coping in Fathers of Newborns -

Comparisons of Planned Versus Unplanned Pregnancy. International Journal of

Nursing Studies, 30(5), 437-443.

Cogan, R., & Spinnato, J. (1988). Social support during premature labor: effects on labor and

the newborn. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology, 8, 209-216.

Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on

support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of personality &

social psychology, 78(6), 1053-1073.

Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working Models of Attachment Shape Perceptions of

Social Support: Evidence From Experimental and Observational Studies. Journal of

Personality & Social Psychology, 87(3), 363-383.

Collins, N. L., & Ford, M. B. (2010). Responding to the needs of others: The caregiving

behavioral system in intimate relationships. Journal of Social and Personal

Relationships, 27(2), 235-244.

Collins, N. L., Guichard, A. C., Ford, M. B., & Feeney, B. (2004). Working Models of

Attachment. In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Adult Attachment: Theory,

Research, and Clinical Implications. New York: Guilford Press.

Condon, J. T., Boyce, P., & Corkindale, C. J. (2004). The First-Time Fathers Study: a

prospective study of the mental health and wellbeing of men during the transition to

parenthood. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38(1-2), 56-64.

Corbett, C. A., & Callister, L. C. (2000). Nursing support during labor. Clinical Nursing

Research., 9(1), 70-83.

440

Cox, D. N., Wittman, B. K., Hess, M., Ross, A. G., Lind, J., & Lindahl, S. (1987). The

psychological impact of diagnostic ultrasound. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 70(5),

673-676.

Cox, J. L., & Holden, J. M. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: development of the

10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British journal of psychiatry, 150,

782-788.

Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five

Traditions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Cronenwett, L. R., & Kunst-Wilson, W. (1981). Stress, Social Support, and the Transition to

Fatherhood. Nursing Research, 30(4), 196-201.

Dannenbring, D., & Stevens, M. (1997). Predictors of childbirth pain and maternal

satisfaction. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(2), 127-142.

Davis-Floyd, R. (1987). Obstetric training as a rite of passage. Medical Anthropology

Quarterly, 1(3), 288-318.

Davis-Floyd, R. (2001). The technocratic, humanistic, and holistic paradigms of childbirth.

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 75, S5-S23.

de Montigny, F., & Lacharite, C. (2004). Fathers' perceptions of the immediate postpartal

period. Jognn-Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 33(3), 328-

339.

Deater-Deckard, K., Pickering, K., Dunn, J. F., & Golding, J. (1998). Family structure and

depressive symptoms in men preceding and following the birth of a child. American

Journal of Psychiatry, 155(6), 818-823.

441

Declercq, E. R., Sakala, C., Corry, M. P., Applebaum, S., & Risher, P. (2002). Listening to

mothers: Report of the first national U.S. survey of women's childbearing

experiences. New York: Maternity Center Association.

Deitrick, L. M., & Draves, P. R. (2008). Attitudes towards Doula Support during Pregnancy

by Clients, Doulas, and Labor-and-Delivery Nurses: A Case Study from Tampa,

Florida. Human Organization, 67(4), 397-406.

Denzin, N. (2000). The practices and policies of interpretation. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln

(Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 897-922). Thousand Oaks: Sage

publications.

Diamond, L. M. (2001). Contributions of psychophysiology to research on adult attachment:

Review and recommendations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(4), 276-

295.

DiMatteo, M., Kahn, K., & Berry, S. (1993). Narratives of birth and the postpartum: analysis

of the focus group responses of new mothers. Birth, 20(4), 204-211.

Donovan, J. (1995). The Process of Analysis During a Grounded Theory Study of Men

During Their Partners Pregnancies. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(4), 708-715.

Doulas of North America. (1998). The doula's contribution to modern maternity care.

Draper, J. (1997). Whose welfare in the labour room? A discussion of the increasing trend of

fathers' birth attendance. Midwifery, 13(3), 132-138.

Draper, J. (2002a). 'It was a real good show': the ultrasound scan, fathers and the power of

visual knowledge. Sociology of Health & Illness, 24(6), 771-795.

Draper, J. (2002b). 'It's the first scientific evidence': men's experience of pregnancy

confirmation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39(6), 563-570.

442

Dulude, D., Belanger, C., Wright, J., & Sabourin, S. (2002). High-risk pregnancies,

psychological distress, and dyadic adjustment. Journal of Reproductive and Infant

Psychology, 20(2), 101-123.

Ellsbury, K. E. (1987). Paternal Adaptation through the Course of the Partners Pregnancy.

Journal of Family Practice, 24(4), 407-409.

Eriksson, C., Westman, G., & Hamberg, H. (2006). Content of childbirth-related fear in

Swedish women and men - Analysis of an open-ended question. Journal of Midwifery

& Womens Health, 51(2), 112-118.

Eriksson, C., Westman, G., & Hamberg, K. (2005). Experiential factors associated with

childbirth-related fear in Swedish women and men: A population based study.

Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 26(1), 63-72.

Everley, G. S., & Lating, J. M. (2002). Clinical Guide to the treatment of the human stress

response (second ed.). New York: Plenum Publishers.

Feeney, B. (2004). A Secure Base: Responsive Support of Goal Strivings and Exploration in

Adult Intimate Relationships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 87(5),

631-648.

Feeney, B., & Collins, N. L. (2004). Interpersonal safe haven and secure base caregiving

processes in adulthood. In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Adult Attachment:

Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications (pp. 300-338). New York: Guilford

Press.

Feeney, B., & Van Vleet, M. (2010). Growing through attachment: the interplay of

attachment and exploration in adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal

Relationships, 27(2), 226-234.

443

Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2001). Predictors of Caregiving in Adult Intimate

Relationships: An Attachment Theoretical Perspective. [Miscellaneous Article].

Journal of Personality & Social Psychology June 2001;80(6):972-994.

Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Interpersonal Safe Haven and Secure Base

Caregiving Processes in Adulthood. In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Adult

Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications (pp. 300-338): Guilford

Press.

Fenwick, J., Hauck, Y., Downie, J., & Butt, J. (2005). The childbirth expectations of a self-

selected cohort of Western Australian women. Midwifery, 21(1), 23-35.

Ferketich, S. L., & Mercer, R. T. (1994). Predictors of Paternal Role Competence by Risk

Status. Nursing Research, 43(2), 80-85.

Ferketich, S. L., & Mercer, R. T. (1995). Predictors of Role Competence for Experienced and

Inexperienced Fathers. Nursing Research, 44(2), 89-95.

Foundation, N. P. S. (2003). The Role of the Patient Advocate: National Patient Safety

Foundation.

Fowles, E. (1998). Labor concerns of women two months after delivery. Birth, 25(4), 235-

240.

Gagnon, A., Waghorn, K., & Covell, C. (1997). A randomized trial of one-to-one nurse

support of women in labor. Birth, 24(2), 71-77.

Gale, J., Fothergill-Bourbonnais, F., & Chamberlain, M. (2001). Measuring nursing support

during childbirth. MCN, 26(5), 264-271.

Genesoni, L., & Tallandini, M. A. (2009). Men's Psychological Transition to Fatherhood: An

Analysis of the Literature, 1989-2008. Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care, 36(4), 305-317.

444

Gibbins, J., & Thomson, A. M. (2001). Women's expectations and experiences of childbirth.

Midwifery, 17(4), 302-313.

Gilliland, A. L. (2004). Effective labor support by doulas. Unpublished Unpublished master's

thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison.

Glesne, C. (1999). Becoming Qualitative Researchers (Second ed.). New York: Addison

Wesley Longman.

Goodman, J. H. (2004). Paternal postpartum depression, its relationship to maternal

postpartum depression, and implications for family health. Journal of Advanced

Nursing, 45(1), 26-35.

Goodman, P., Mackey, M. C., & Tavakoli, A. S. (2004). Factors related to childbirth

satisfaction. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(2), 212-219.

Gordon, N. P., Walton, D., McAdam, E., Derman, J., Gallitero, G., & Garrett, L. (1999).

Effects of providing hospital-based doulas in health maintenance organization

hospitals. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 93(3), 422-426.

Green, J. M., & Baston, H. A. (2003). Feeling in control during labor: Concepts, correlates,

and consequences. Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care, 30(4), 235-247.

Hall, E. O. C. (1995). From Fun and Excitement to Joy and Trouble - an Explorative Study of

3 Danish Fathers Experiences around Birth. Scandinavian Journal of Caring

Sciences, 9(3), 171-179.

Halldorsdottir, S., & Karlsdottir, S. (1996). Empowerment or discouragement: women's

experience of caring and uncaring encounters during childbirth. Health care for

women international, 17(4), 361-379.

445

Hallgren, A., Kihlgren, M., & Olsson, P. (2005). Ways of relating during childbirth: An

ethical responsibility and challenge for midwives. Nursing Ethics, 12(6), 606-621.

Hamilton, B., Martin, J., & Ventura, S. (2009). Births: Preliminary data for 2007, National

vital statistics reports. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 57(12),

Released March 18, 2009.

Hauck, Y., Fenwick, J., Downie, J., & Butt, J. (2007). The influence of childbirth

expectations on Western Australian women's perceptions of their birth experience.

Midwifery, 23(3), 235-247.

Heatherington, L., Daubman, K., Bates, C., Ahn, A., Brown, H., & Preston, C. (1993). Two

Investigations of 'female modesty' in achievement situations. Sex Roles, 29(11/12),

739-754.

Hemminki, E., Virta, A., Koponen, P., Malin, M., Kojoaustin, H., & Tuimala, R. (1990). A

trial on continuous human support during labor: feasibility, interventions and

mothers' satisfaction. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology, 11(4),

239-250.

Hodnett, Lowe, N. K., Hannah, M. E., Willan, A. R., Stevens, B., Weston, J. A., et al. (2002).

Effectiveness of nurses as providers of birth labor support in North American

hospitals - A randomized controlled trial. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical

Association, 288(11), 1373-1381.

Hodnett, E., & Osborn, R. W. (1989). A randomized trial of the effects of monitrice support

during labor-mothers views 2 to 4 weeks postpartum. Birth, 16(4), 177-183.

Hodnett, E. D., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Sakala, C. (2009). Continuous support for

women during childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(Issue 3).

446

Hofmeyr, G. J., Nikodem, V. C., Wolman, W. L., Chalmers, B., & Kramer, T. (1991).

Companionship to modify the clinical birth environment: effects on progress and

perceptions of labour, and breastfeeding. British Journal of Obstetrics and

Gynaecology, 98, 756-764.

Hoyert, D. (2007). Maternal Mortality and related concepts; National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Statistics, 3(33), 1-13.

Ip, W. (2000). Chinese husband's presence during labour: a preliminary study in Hong Kong.

International Journal of Nursing Practice, 6, 89-96.

Javadnoori, M., Ashfari, P., & Montazeri, S. (2006). Effect of continuous labor support by a

female companion on labor pain. European Journal of Pain, 10(S1), S208.

Johnson, C. (2008). The Political "Nature" of Pregnancy and Childbirth. Canadian Journal of

Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique, 41(4), 889-913.

Johnson, M. P. (2002a). An exploration of men's experience and role at childbirth. Journal of

Men's Studies, 10(2), 165-182.

Johnson, M. P. (2002b). The implications of unfulfilled expectations and perceived pressure

to attend the birth on men's stress levels following birth attendance: a longitudinal

study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 23(3), 173-182.

Jordan, E. T., Van Zandt, S. E., & Wright, E. (2008). Doula care: Nursing students gain

additional skills to define their professional practice. Journal of Professional Nursing,

24(2), 118-121.

Jordan, P. L. (1990). Laboring for Relevance - Expectant and New Fatherhood. Nursing

Research, 39(1), 11-16.

447

Kaila-Behm, A., & Vehvilainen-Julkunen, K. (2000). Ways of being a father: how first-time

fathers and public health nurses perceive men as fathers. International Journal of

Nursing Studies, 37(3), 199-205.

Kane, H. S., Jarernka, L. M., Guichard, A. C., Ford, M. B., Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C.

(2007). Feeling supported and feeling satisfied: How one partner's attachment style

predicts the other partner's relationship experiences. Journal of Social and Personal

Relationships, 24(4), 535-555.

Kennell. (1998). personal communication. In p. conversation (Ed.).

Kennell, Klaus, M. H., McGrath, S., Robertson, S., & Hinkley, C. (1991). Continuous

emotional support during labor in a US hospital. JAMA, 265(17), 2197-2201.

Kennell, & McGrath, S. (1993). Labor support by a doula for middle income couples: the

effect on cesarean rates. Pediatric Research, 33(12A), 58.

Kirkpatrick, L. (1998). Evolution, Pair Bonding, and Reproductive Strategies: A

Reconceptualization of Adult Attachment. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.),

Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 353-393). New York: Guilford Press.

Klaus, Kennell, J., & Klaus, P. (1993). Mothering the Mother: How a doula can help you

have a shorter, easier and healthier birth (first ed.). Reading, Massachusetts:

Addison-Wesley.

Klaus, & Kennell, J. H. (1997). The doula: an essential ingredient of childbirth rediscovered.

Acta Paediatrica, 86, 1034-1036.

Klaus, Kennell, J. H., Robertson, S., & Sosa, R. (1986). Effects of social support during

parturition on maternal and infant morbidity. British Medical Journal, 293, 585-587.

448

Koumouitzes-Douvia, J., & Carr, C. A. (2006). Women's Perceptions of Their Doula

Support. J Perinat Educ, 15(4), 34-40.

Landry, S., McGrath, S., Kennell, J., Martin, S., & Steelmaan, L. (1993). The effect of doula

support during labor on mother-infant interaction at 2 months (abstract). Pediatric

Research, 33, 62.

Lane, V. (1996). Typists' influences on transcription: aspects of feminist nursing epistemic

rigour. Nursing Inquiry., 3(3), 159-166.

Langer, A., Campero, L., Garcia, C., & Reynoso, S. (1998). Effects of psychosocial support

during labour and childbirth on breastfeeding, medical interventions, and mothers'

wellbeing in a Mexican public hospital: a randomised clinical trial. British Journal of

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 105(10), 1056-1063.

Lantz, P. M., Low, L. K., Varkey, S., & Watson, R. L. (2005). Doulas as childbirth

paraprofessionals: Results from a national survey. Womens Health Issues, 15(3), 109-

116.

Laplante, P. (1991). The Couvade Syndrome - the Biological, Psychological, and Social

Impact of Pregnancy on the Expectant Father. Canadian Family Physician, 37, 1633-

&.

Leavitt, J. (1986). Brought to bed: childbearing in America 1750 to 1950. New York: Oxford

university press.

Legerstee, M., & Varghese, J. (2001). The role of maternal affect mirroring on social

expectancies in three-month-old infants. Child Development, 72(5), 1301-1313.

449

Lemay, E. P., Clark, M. S., & Feeney, B. C. (2007). Projection of responsiveness to needs

and the construction of satisfying communal relationships. Journal of Personality and

Social Psychology, 92(5), 834-853.

Leng, G., Meddle, S. L., & Douglas, A. J. (2008). Oxytocin and the maternal brain. Current

Opinion in Pharmacology, 8(6), 731-734.

Li, H. T., Lin, K. C., Chang, S. C., Kao, C. H., Liu, C. Y., & Kuo, S. C. (2009). A Birth

Education Program for Expectant Fathers in Taiwan: Effects on Their Anxiety. Birth-

Issues in Perinatal Care, 36(4), 289-296.

Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Lobel, M., & DeLuca, R. S. (2007). Psychosocial sequelae of cesarean delivery: Review and

analysis of their causes and implications. Social Science & Medicine, 64(11), 2272-

2284.

Lopez, F. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). Dynamic processes underlying adult attachment

organization: Toward an attachment theoretical perspective on the healthy and

effective self. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(3), 283-300.

Lothian, J. (2008). Childbirth Education at the Crossroads. Journal of Perinatal Education,

17(2), 45-49.

Lundgren, I. (2010). Swedish women's experiences of doula support during childbirth.

Midwifery, 26(2), 173-180.

Mackey, M. C. (1998). Women's evaluation of the labor and delivery experience.

Nursingconnections, 11(3), 19-32.

450

Mackey, M. C., & Stepans, M. C. (1994). Women's evaluations of their labor and delivery

nurses. JOGNN: Journal of obstetrical, gynecological and neonatal nurses, 23(5),

413-420.

MacKinnon, K., McIntyre, M., & Quance, M. (2005). The meaning of the nurse's presence

during childbirth. Jognn-Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing,

34(1), 28-36.

Madi, B., Sandall, J., Bennett, R., & MacLeod, C. (1999). Effects of female relative support

in labor: A randomized controlled trial. Birth, 26(1), 4-8.

Manogin, T., Bechtel, G., & Rami, J. (2000). Caring behaviors by nurses: women's

perceptions during childbirth. JOGNN: Journal of obstetrical, gynecological and

neonatal nurses, 29(2), 153-157.

Martin, S., Landry, S., Steelman, L., Kennell, J., & McGrath, S. (1998). The effect of doula

support during labor on mother-infant interaction at two months. Infant Behavior and

Development, 21, 556.

Mason, J. (1996). Qualitative Researching. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Maxwell, J. (2005). Qualitative Research Design: an interactive approach (Second ed. Vol.

41). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

May, K. A. (1982a). The father as observer. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child

Nursing, 7(5), 319-322.

May, K. A. (1982b). Three Phases of Father Involvement in Pregnancy. Nursing Research,

31(6), 337-342.

McCutcheon-Rosegg, S., & Rosegg, P. (1984). Natural Childbirth the Bradley Way. New

York: E.P. Dutton.

451

McGrath, S., & Kennell, J. H. (2008). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Continuous Labor

Support for Middle-Class Couples: Effect on Cesarean Delivery Rates. Obstetrical &

Gynecological Survey, 63(10), 620-621.

McNiven, P., Hodnett, E., & O'Brien-Pallas, L. L. (1992). Supporting Women in Labor - a

Work Sampling Study of the Activities of Labor and Delivery Nurses. Birth-Issues in

Perinatal Care, 19(1), 3-7.

Melender, H. L. (2006). What constitutes a good childbirth? A qualitative study of pregnant

Finnish women. Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health, 51(5), 331-339.

Merton, C. (2000). Problematizing caregiving in childbirth: the case of doula (labor support)

practice. Paper presented at the American Sociological Association Meeting,

Washington, D.C.

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. (2007). Attachment in adulthood: structure, dynamics, and

change. New York: Guilford Press.

Miller, J. B., & Stiver, I. P. (1997). The healing connection: how women form relationships

in therapy and in life. Boston: Beacon Press.

Miltner, R. S. (2000). Identifying labor support actions of intrapartum nurses. JOGNN -

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing., 29(5), 491-499.

Miltner, R. S. (2002). More than support: Nursing interventions provided to women in labor.

JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 31(6), 753-761.

Mottl-Santiago, J., Walker, C., Ewan, J., Vragovic, O., Winder, S., & Stubblefield, P. (2008).

A hospital-based doula program and childbirth outcomes in an urban, multicultural

setting. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 12(3), 372-377.

452

National Center For Health Statistics. (2010, January). Rates of Cesarean Birth and Vaginal

Birth After Previous Cesarean, 1991-95.

Neumann, I. D. (2008). Brain oxytocin: A key regulator of emotional and social behaviours

in both females and males. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 20(6), 858-865.

Nichols, K., Gergely, G., & Fonagy, P. (2001). Experimental protocols for investigating

relationships among mother-infant interaction, affect regulation, physiological

markers of stress responsiveness, and attachment. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic,

65(3), 371-379.

Nichols, M. R. (1993). Paternal perspectives of the childbirth experience. Maternal-Child

Nursing Journal, 21(3), 99-108.

O'Malley, M. P. (2009). 'So either you have a foetal monitor or you have your waters broken,

basically is it?': Articulating maternity care policy at a midwives' ante-natal clinic.

Language Policy, 9(1), 87-96.

O’Driscoll, K., Meagher, D., & Boylan, P. (1993). Active management of labor (third ed.).

London: Mosby-Year Book.

Palkovitz, R. (1985). Fathers Birth Attendance, Early Contact, and Extended Contact with

Their Newborns - a Critical-Review. Child Development, 56(2), 392-406.

Palkovitz, R. (1987). Father's motives for birth attendance. Maternal-Child Nursing Journal,

16, 123-129.

Perez, P. (2009). Doula Programs: How to Start and Run a Private or Hospital-Based

Program with Success (Second ed.). Johnson, Vermont: Cutting Edge Press.

453

Price, S., Noseworthy, J., & Thornton, J. (2007). Women's experience with social presence

during childbirth. Mcn-the American Journal of Maternal-Child Nursing, 32(3), 184-

191.

Quine, L., Rutter, D., & Gowen, S. (1993). Women's satisfaction with the quality of the birth

experience: a prospective study of social and psychological predictors. Journal of

Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 11, 107-113.

Raphael, D. (1973). The Tender Gift: Breastfeeding (First ed.): Prentice Hall.

Richardson, P. (1979). The Body Boundary Experience of Women in Labor: A Framework

for Care. Maternal Child Nursing Journal, 91-101.

Rippin-Sisler, C. (1996). The experience of precipitate labor. Birth, 23(4), 224-228.

Rolfe, G. (2006). Validity, trustworthiness, and rigour: quality and the idea of qualitative

research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(3), 304-310.

Rosen, P. (2004). Supporting women in labor: Analysis of different types of caregivers.

Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health, 49(1), 24-31.

Sandelowski, M. (1993). Rigor or rigor mortis: the problem of rigor in qualitative research

revisited. Advances in Nursing Science, 16(2), 1-8.

Sandelowski, M. (1994). Separate, but Less Unequal - Fetal Ultrasonography and the

Transformation of Expectant Mother Fatherhood. Gender & Society, 8(2), 230-245.

Sbarra, D. A., & Hazan, C. (2008). Coregulation, dysregulation, self-regulation: An

integrative analysis and empirical agenda for understanding adult attachment,

separation, loss, and recovery. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(2), 141-

167.

454

Scott, Berkowitz, G., & Klaus, M. (1999). A comparison of intermittent and continuous

support during labor: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and

Gynecology, 180(5), 1054-1059.

Shannon-Baitz, M. (1979). Addressing the needs of fathers during labor and delivery. MCN:

Maternal Child Nursing, 4, 378-382.

Sharpley, C. F., Halat, J., Rabinowicz, T., Weiland, B., & Stafford, J. (2001). Standard

posture, postural mirroring and client-perceived rapport. Counselling Psychology

Quarterly, 14(4), 267-280.

Simkin, P. (1989). The birth partner: everything you need to know to help a woman through

childbirth (First ed.). Boston: Harvard Common Press.

Simkin, P. (1991). Just another day in a woman’s life: women’s long term perceptions of

their first birth experience. Birth, 18(4), 203-210.

Simkin, P. (1992). Just another day in a woman’s life? part II: nature and consistency of

women’s long term perceptions of their first birth experience. Birth, 19(2), 64-81.

Simkin, P., & Ancheta, R. (2005). The labor progress handbook (Second ed.). Oxford,

England: Blackwell Science.

Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Winterheld, H. A. (2010). Attachment Working Models

Twist Memories of Relationship Events. Psychological Science, 21(2), 252-259.

Slade, P., Macpherson, S., Hume, A., & Maresh, M. (1993). Expectations, experiences and

satisfaction with labor. British journal of clinical psychology, 32, 469-483.

Sleutel, M. (2000). Intrapartum nursing care: A case study of supportive interventions and

ethical conflicts. Birth, 27(1), 38-45.

455

Sleutel, M., Schultz, S., & Wyble, K. (2007). Nurses' views of factors that help and hinder

their intrapartum care. JOGNN-Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal

Nursing, 36(3), 203-211.

Small, R., Lumley, J., Donohue, L., Potter, A., & Waldenstrom, U. (2000). Randomised

controlled trial of midwife led debriefing to reduce maternal depression after

operative childbirth. British Medical Journal, 321(7268), 1043-1047.

Smith, A. C., & Kleinman, S. (1989). Managing Emotions in Medical-School - Students

Contacts with the Living and the Dead. Social Psychology Quarterly, 52(1), 56-69.

Soet, J. E., Brack, G. A., & Dilorio, C. (2003). Prevalence and predictors of women's

experience of psychological trauma during childbirth. Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care,

30(1), 36-46.

Sosa, R., Kennell, J., Klaus, M., Robertson, S., & Urrutia, J. (1980). The effect of a

supportive companion on perinatal problems, length of labor, and mother-infant

interaction. New England Journal of Medicine, 303(11), 597-600.

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research (Second ed.). Thousand

Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Street, R. L., Krupat, E., Bell, R. A., Kravitz, R. L., & Haidet, P. (2003). Beliefs about

control in the physician-patient relationship - Effect on communication in medical

encounters. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18(8), 609-616.

Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A

meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social

Psychology Review, 6(1), 2-30.

456

Tannen, D. (1986). That's not what I meant!: How conversational style makes or breaks

relationships. New York: Ballantine.

Tannen, D. (1990). You just don't understand: Men and women in conversation. New York:

Ballantine.

Tannen, D. (1994). Talking from 9 to 5: How women’s and men’s conversational styles

affect who gets heard, who gets credit, and what gets done at work. New York:

Morrow.

Tannen, D. (1998). The Argument Culture: Stopping America's War of Words New York:

Ballantine.

Taubenheim, A. M., & Silbernagel, T. (1988). Meeting the needs of expectant fathers. MCN:

The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 13(2), 110-113.

Taylor, S. E. (2002). The Tending Instinct: how nurturing is essential for who we are and

how we live. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

Taylor, S. E. (2006). Tend and befriend: Biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress.

Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6), 273-277.

Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A., & Updegraff, J. A.

(2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-

flight. Psychological Review, 107(3), 411-429.

Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: An

"Interpretive" Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation. Academy of Management Review,

15(4), 666-681.

Thornton, J., & Lilford, R. (1994). Active management of labour: current knowledge and

research issues. British Medical Journal, 309, 366-369.

457

Thorstensson, S., Nissen, E., & Ekstrom, A. (2008). An exploration and description of

student midwives' experiences in offering continuous labour support to

women/couples. Midwifery, 24, 451-459.

Tiedje, L. B., & Darling-Fisher, C. (2003). Promoting father-friendly healthcare. MCN: The

American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 28(6), p. 350-359.

Tiedje, L. B., Price, E., & You, M. (2008). Childbirth is changing: What now? Mcn-the

American Journal of Maternal-Child Nursing, 33(3), 144-150.

Tumblin, A., & Simkin, P. (2001). Pregnant women's perceptions of their nurse's role during

labor and delivery. Birth, 28(1), 52-56.

Tzeng, Y. L., Teng, Y. K., Chou, F. H., & Tu, H. C. (2009). Identifying trajectories of birth-

related fatigue of expectant fathers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(12), 1674-1683.

Van Swol, L. M. (2001). The effects of nonverbal mirroring on perceived persuasiveness,

agreement with an imitator, and reciprocity in a group discussion. Communication

research, 30(4), 461-480.

Van Zandt, S. E., Edwards, L., & Jordan, E. T. (2005). Lower epidural anesthesia use

associated with labor support by student nurse doulas: implications for intrapartal

nursing practice. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 11(3), 153-160.

Vehvilainen-Julkunen, K., & Liukkonen, A. (1998). Fathers' experiences of childbirth.

Midwifery, 14(1), 10-17.

Ventura, S. J. (2007). Births: Preliminary Data for 2006. NVSR Volume 56, Number 7. 18

pp. (PHS) 2008-1120. Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health

Statistics, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/07newsreleases/teenbirth.htm

458

Waldenstrom, U. (2003). Women's memory of childbirth at two months and one year after

the birth. Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care, 30(4), 248-254.

Waldenstrom, U. (2004). Why do some women change their opinion about childbirth over

time? Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care, 31(2), 102-107.

Waldenstrom, U., Rudman, A., & Hildingsson, I. (2006). Intrapartum and postpartum care in

Sweden: women's opinions and risk factors for not being satisfied. Acta Obstetricia

Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 85(5), 551-560.

Walker, D., Visger, J. M., & Rossie, D. (2009). Contemporary childbirth education models.

Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health, 54(6), 469-476.

Wertz, R., & Wertz, D. (1977). Lying-In: A history of childbirth in America. New York: Free

Press: Macmillan Publishing.

Williams, K., & Umberson, D. (1999). Medical technology and childbirth: Experiences of

expectant mothers and fathers. Sex Roles, 41(3-4), 147-168.

Wolman, W. L., Chalmers, B., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Nikodem, V. C. (1993). Postpartum

depression and companionship in the clinical birth environment: A randomized,

controlled study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 168(5), 1388-

1393.

Yokote, N. (2007). Fathers' feelings and thoughts when their partners require an emergency

cesarean section: Impact of the need for surgery. Japan Journal of Nursing Science,

4(2), 103-110.

Zwelling, E. (2008). The emergence of high-tech birthing. Jognn-Journal of Obstetric

Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 37(1), 85-93.

459

Zwelling, E., Johnson, K., & Allen, J. (2006). How to implement complementary therapies

for laboring women. Mcn-the American Journal of Maternal-Child Nursing, 31(6),

364-370.