reference manual sanitation

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Toilets and More

November 2008

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

Department of Drinking Water Supply

Government of India

New Delhi

Ministry of Rural Development

Reference ManualReference Manual


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Poor Sanitation Poor Health Poorer People

New Delhi

A Unclean Vil lage wit h open Defecation Practice

1

Malnutrition further increases

the disease burden with

insanitary conditions

As per World Health Report

(2001), water, sanitation and

hygiene related ill health

amounted to 3.9% of the

total global deaths and 5.6%

of DALYs (Disability-Adjusted

Life year).

According to WHO (2001),

there are more than 2 million

deaths and 59.7 million SALYs

lost due to diarrhea.

Improper Sol id and l iquid waste management leads

to various diseases like ma laria, Chicken guniya, etc.

Cleaning of Septic Tanks

is a Hazardous Task

Central Bureau of Health

Intelligence, Ministry of Health

& Family Welfare (2002-03)

reports

=Of all communicable

diseases, 29% shared by

diarrhoeal diseases

=? 10.5 million cases of

diarrhea reported and 4,709

deaths occurred

? 2,893 cholera cases

reported

=??India is the second largest

number of polio cases in

the world.

=??Number of viral hepatitis

cases was more than 4 lakh

?

Unsafe water and insanitaryconditions can cause.

=? Diarrhoea

=?? Dysentry

=?? Jaundice

=?? Paralysis of limbs

=?? Hookworm diseases

causing weakness/

anemia

30.7% & 21.1%

global children are

deprived of proper

sanitation and water

Unicef


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16-21 Nov. '08

2

Sanitation Ladder

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1%

9%

22%28%

40%

44%

58%

Year

Increasing Access to Rural

Sanitation in India

Number of Gram Panchayats achieving

Nirmal Gram Puraskar for achieving Open

defecation free status

Nirmal Gram Puraskar to

Sanitation Revolution

Increasing Government Investment

Jai Swachatha

Jai Hind

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2000

-01

2001-02

2002

-03

200

3-04

200

4-05

2005-06

2006-2007

2007-200

8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percentage

EcologicalSanitation

Urine Diversion

Latrine

Open Defecation

Into A Pit

Open Defecation

Pour Flush Latrine

Simple Pit

Latrine

Ventilated

Improved Pit

State-wise Sanitation

Coverage in India


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New Delhi

3

Toilet Menu

Traditional Ladaki

Ecosan Toilet

No Cost No Water Low Cost Low Water

Leach pit latrines with steep pan with seal of only 10-20 mm

High Cost Low Water

A Steep Pan With Pucca

Super Structure

High Cost No Water

Vacuum Toilets

High Cost High Water

Water Closets, Glamarooms

Steep Slope

Space Toi let Ecol ogi cal San it at ion


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16-21 Nov. '08

4

Eco-toilets in Tsunami Affected Area

Pre-School Potty

B aby Friendly Anganw adi Toilets Toilet for Specially Abled P ersons

Menstrual Hygiene

Menstrual Hygiene

Baby-friendly andGender-friendly Toilets


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New Delhi Ecological Sanitation

Conventional Loop Open Ended Ecosan Closing the Loop Traditional Ecosan Spiti & Leh

First Ecosan Toi let Urine Diversion Eco-san Ecosan Toilet & Bathroom

Ecosan for The Old Aged Musiri First Use and Get Paid

Backwashing of Contaminants

by Roof W ater Harvest ing

5


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16-21 Nov. '08

Convergence Issues

6

Asha Worker to TestWater Quality and Conduct

Sanitary Survey

Gender FriendlyToilets

IECAwareness forHand Washing

Girl ChildAttendance

Rural Water Supply w ith National Rural Health Mission

Total Sanitat ion Campaign w ith Sarva Siksha Abhiyan

Domestic Chlorination Extended IEC


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New Delhi

Solid Waste Management

7

Solid Waste Collection Transportation Dumping

Segregation Aerobic Composting Aerobic Composting & Tilling

Vermi-composting Recycling Pet Bottles Green Belt Development


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8

Train Toi let Vacuum Toilets In Flights

Ecosan Toilet Using Solar Energy

Mobile Temporary

ToiletSolar Composting Toilet

16-21 Nov. '08Special Toilets


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9

New DelhiSanitation

Beyond Toilet

To produce 250 k g of

cereals, 7.5 kg o fchemical ferti l izer is

required.

In 500 l i tres of urine

and 50 litres of faeces,

the nutrient content

(N, P and K) available

is 6.3 kg.

Urine Collect ion Urine Collect ion

Toilet Linked Bio-gas PlantBio-gassifier Earning

Carbon Credits (Andhyodaya)

Rich HarvestDiluted Urine Application

Rich Harvest


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16-21 Nov. '08

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Torch bearer of Sanitation Leading the Campaign

Role of Sanitation worker Learning composting

techniques

Collective Decision of Sarpanches Teaching hygiene habits to the family

INDIA NEEDS

MANY MORE

DINESH'ES.

LET US INVEST IN

OUR CHILDREN

AND THEIR FUTURE

FOR NIRMAL

BHARAT

Dinesh, a 13 year old boy from

Rajasthan built a toilet to protect the

dignity of his elder sister

Sanitation and Dignity


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New Delhi

11

Nirmal Gram PuraskarSanitation Movement

HE The President of India awarding NGP to Panchayat President from the remotest corner of the Country, Ladakh

From 40 Panchayats in 2005, 11,200 Panchayatsgot selected for Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP)

HE The President with N GP awardees at Guwahati, 20/ 10/ 2008

CELEBRATING SUCCESS

NGP has now turned into Sanitation Revolution

Access to safe sanitation has increasedfrom 22% in 2001 to 58% in 2008

Happy NGP awardees - shortly to launchanother incentive award for creating

drinking water security


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16-21 Nov. '08Nirmal Gram toNirmal Bharat

Sikkim Becoming Nirmal Sikkim Very Short ly

View of Nirmal Vil lage

Women Empow erment is The

Mantra for Nirmal Bharat


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13

New DelhiGood Sanitation

Good Health

0.10%

10.10%

20.10%

30.10%

40.10%

50.10%

60.10%

70.10%

80.10%

90.10%

2008 IFM

2008 TSC

By comparing 2008 TSC progress status with Infant Mortality in 2008 across the states,

is observed that broad trend that IFM decreases as TSC coverage goes up is seen.

The statistical correlation is -41.65 which is considered quite strong.

TSC coverage in 2008 vs Rural Female Literacy

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

Rural Female Literacy TSC 2008

TSC coverage is directly proportional to the rural female literacy.

A strong correlation factor of 56.72 has been observed.

Good Sanitation also

? Reduce drudgery from snake bites

? Greater gender empowerment

Kerala

Sikkim

Lakshadweep

WestBengal

TamilNadu

HimachalPrades

h

GoaPunjab

AndhraPradesh

UttarPradesh

ArunachalPradesh

Jamm

uandKashmir

MadhyaPradesh

Karnataka

Rajasthan

DamanandDiu

Pondicherry

D&NHaveli

Kerala

Tripura

Lakshadweep

WestBengal

TamilNadu

HimachalPradesh

GoaPunjab

AndhraPradesh

Maharashtra

Uttaranchal

Meghalaya

Andaman&NicobarIslands

Orissa

Chhatisgarh

Pondicherry


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16-21 Nov. '08Good Sanitation

Good Health

Provides Dignity

Better Convenience

Improved Gir l Chi ld

Enrolment

Overal l Increase in

Productiv ity


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SACOSAN I II COUNTRIESSACOSAN I I I COUNTRIES

MARCHING TOGETHER FOR FULLY SANITIZED SOUTH ASIAN REGION

SACOSAN-III - DIGN ITY AND HEALTH

AFGHANISTANBHUTAN

BANGLADESH

INDIA

MALDIVES

NEPAL

PAKISTAN

SRI LANKA

SALASAR

#

9811056058

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