referat alcoolism

8/15/2019 referat alcoolism

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Specificul personalităţii şi autostima în tulburările induse de consumul de alcool la adolescenţi

CUPRINSINTRODUCERE........................................................................................................3

PARTEA I ABORDARE TEORETICĂ.............................................................10

CAPITOLUL 1.........................................................................................................11

ETILISMUL CRONIC VS. BEŢIA - CA REACŢIE NECRITICĂ A OMULUI....11

1.1. Alcoolismul !i" #$%s#$c&i'( is&o%ic(...........................................................1)

1.).P%$l$'*"+* co"sumului !$ *lcool #$ #l*" mo"!i*l ,i %$io"*l........................1

1.3.D$/i"i+ii ,i cl*si/ic(%i.......................................................................................1

1.3.1. Cl*si/ic*%$* *lcoolicilo%..........................................................................1

1.3.). o%m$l$ cli"ic$.....................................................................................12

1.. P*%&icul*%i&(+i *l$ co"sumului !$ *lcool 4" /u"c+i$ !$ '5%s&( ,i s$6...............)0

1..1. A7u8ul !$ *lcool l* &i"$%i........................................................................)1

1..). E&ilismul c%o"ic l* /$m$i........................................................................)

CAPITOLUL ).........................................................................................................)2

ACTORII ETIOLO9ICI PREDISPO:ANŢI ;I AVORI:ANŢI AIETILISMULUI CRONIC.........................................................................................)2

).1. *c&o%ii $"$&ici..............................................................................................)2

).). *c&o%ii !$ m$!iu...........................................................................................30

CAPITOLUL 3.........................................................................................................33

SPECIICUL PERSONALITĂŢII


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CAPITOLUL .........................................................................................................

ROLUL PSI>OTERAPIEI CO9NITIV-COMPORTAMENTALE PENTRUAMELIORAREA AUTOSTIMEI ALCOOLICULUI..............................................

.1. Co"c$#&ul !$ #si?o&$%*#i$..............................................................................

.). T$?"ici ,i m$&o!$ #si?o&$%*#$u&ic$................................................................

.3. T$%*#i* co"i&i'-com#o%&*m$"&*l( ,i %olul $i 4" *m$lio%*%$* *u&os&im$i.......0

PARTEA a II-a CERCETAREA EXPERIMENTALĂ.....................................2

CAPITOLUL .........................................................................................................@

DESI9NUL CERCETĂRII......................................................................................@

.1. O7i$c&i'$l$ c$%c$&(%ii.....................................................................................@

.). I#o&$8$l$ c$%c$&(%ii.........................................................................................0

.3. Lo&ul #$"&%u c$%c$&*%$....................................................................................0

.. M$&o!oloi* c$%c$&(%ii...................................................................................)

. A"*li8* c*"&i&*&i'( * %$8ul&*&$lo% c$%c$&(%ii.....................................................

. A"*li8* c*li&*&i'( ,i co"clu8iil$ c$%c$&(%ii=============..2@

BIBLIO9RAIE....................................................................................................10

ANEE...................................................................................................................10@

ANEA 1...............................................................................................................110

ANEA )...............................................................................................................113

ANEA 3...............................................................................................................1)

ANEA ...............................................................................................................1)@

)


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INTRODUCEREA 7$* * /os& 4" #%imul %5"! u" *s#$c& *l com#o%&*m$"&ului soci*l #$"&%u c(

* s$%'i& !$s/(,u%(%ii %i&u*lului c%$(%ii !$ *&mos/$%( #*c&i8(%ii u"o% l$(&u%i. S-*sc?im7*& c$'* !$-* lu"ul s$col$lo%

O #%i'i%$ !$ *"s*m7lu "$ *%*&( c( !*c( s&ilul co"sumului '*%i*8( #*siu"il$

%*m5". Ac$l$*,i $/$c&$ #u&$%i o%o%i *u /os& *&%i7ui&$ *l&$"*&i' !i'$%s$lo% 7(u&u%i.

A%um$"&$l$ !i" !iscu+iil$ #ol$mic$ *su#%* $/$c&$lo% #o8i&i'$ s*u "$*&i'$ *l$

$&*"olului su"& *lim$"&*&$ !$ "o%m$ soci*l$ mi&oloii o7i,"ui"+$ /%$c'$"& /ii"! !$

o%!i" su7i$c&i'.Alcoolismul c%o"ic #%$su#u"$ co"s&*"& $6is&$"&* u"$i *&i"$%i'isc$%*l$.

C$l #u&i" 10 !i" *!ul&ii Eu%o#$i ,i Am$%icii !$ No%! ,i #$s&$ 1F3 !i"

i"&$%"*%il$ 4" s#i&*l #$"&%u 7oli *cu&$ *u l$*&u%* cu *7u8ul !$ *lcool G*#%ili$ 1@@

9. Co%"u+iuH.C$l #u&i" 1 !i" #*ci$"&ii i"&$%"*&i *u o 7o*l* s*u o i"c*#*ci&*&$

l$*&* !$ *lcool i*% l* m*i mul& !$ 10-)0 *c$*s&* co"&%i7ui$ s$m"i/ic*&i' l*

i"&$%"*%$.I" u!$&ul Bi?o% G).000 locui&o%i 4" 1@@0H i"ci!$"&* #*&oloi$i *lcoolic$

Gc* !i*"os&ic #%im*%H * /os& !$ 33J100.000 locui&o%i. Ci/%$l$ s$ i"sc%iu 4" #l**

'*lo%ilo% mo%7i!i&*&ii #$ co"&i"$"&.

Co"si!$%5"! $s*"&io"ul %$#%$8$"&*&i' i"s$*m"( c* l* "i'$lul +*%ii *#*% 4"

/i$c*%$ *" 0 c*8u%i !$ *lcoolism "$c$si&5"! &%*&*m$"&.


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#si?oloi$i ,i m$!ici"ii c*%$ *u %olul !$ * o/$%i *l&$%"*&i'* u"$i *&i&u!i"i cul&u%*l$

sc?im7*&$ /*+( !$ s&%$su%il$ 8il"ic$.

D*c( *lcoolismul %$#%$8i"&( o #%o7l$m( !$ sănătate a populaţiei *#*%$

us&i/ic*&( $l*7o%*%$* u"o% #%o%*m$ c*%$ s( u%m(%$*sc( #%$'$"i%$* com7*&$%$* ,i

&%*&*m$"&ul *c$s&$i */$c+iu"i.

D$s$o%i *lcoolismul "u $s&$ #us #$ lis&* /*c&o%ilo% $&ioloici !$&$%mi"*"+i s*u

/*'o%i8*"+i #5"( c$ 7o*l* "u *u"$ 4"&%-u" s&*!iu *'*"s*&. D*% &%*&*m$"&ul *%$ !$*

$/ici$"+( %$!us( !$ *c$$* im#o%&*"&( 4mi #*%$ *&i&u!i"$* us&( i"&$%'$"+io"is&( 4"

/*&* 7ol"*'ului *lcoolic.

Locul #$ c*%$ 4l ocu#( *lcoolismul 4" #*&oloi* e!i"o-le#ală $s&$

co"si!$%*7il. D$,i $s&$ #%i'i& cu 7u"('oi"+( $s&$ !$ /*#& u" *!$'(%*& /l*$l soci*l

c*%$ #u"$ 4" #$%icol *"umi&$ c*&$o%ii !$ #o#ul*+i$ *&5& #%i" !$%*!*%$* #si?ic( #$

c*%$ o *"&%$"$*8( c5& ,i #%i" co"s$ci"+$l$ m$!ico-l$*l$.

P%i" i"/lu$"+* !$loc "$li*7il( #$ c*%$ o $6$%ci&( *su#%* s&(%ii !$ s("(&*&$

*lcoolismul * *u"s o #%o7l$m( !$os$7i&( *su#%* c(%$i* *% &%$7ui s( s$co"c$"&%$8$ m*i mul&$ K/o%+$ s#%$ * (si u" l$*c #$"&%u *c$*s&( #*&im(. Mul+i

co"si!$%( c( *lcoolul co"s&i&ui$ u" *lim$"& *&5&* '%$m$ c5& o%ic$ m$!ic co"/i%m(

/*#&ul c( 7(u&u%* 4"%*,(.


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%$*c+i$ !$ *#(%*%$ 4m#o&%i'* u"$i si&u*+ii "$!o%i&$ !$ o%*"ism. D*c( 7(u&u%* $s&$

u%m*&( im$!i*& !$ m5"c*%$ co"s$ci"+$l$ "u su"& !$ &$mu&.


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!im#o&%i'( &%$c$ 4"&%-o s&*%$ !$ !$#%$si$.T%$#&*& *#*%$ $7%i$&*&$* i*% omul

!$'i"$ m*i i%i&*7il m*i *%$si' mi,c(%il$ su"& "$siu%$ m$%sul ,i $c?ili7%ul s$

&ul7u%( i*% 'o%7i%$* $s&$ !$8*%&icul*&(. C%$sc5"! im#%$"*+i* *lcoolic( s$ #o*&$*u"$ l* s&*%$* !$ som" #%o/u"! s*u c?i*% !$ com( .

B$+i* #*&oloic( $s&$ &o& o /o%m( #u&$%"ic( !$ *lcoolism 4"s( s$ m*"i/$s&(

m*i #u&$%"ic #%i" i"&$"si/ic*%$* &ul7u%(%ilo% !$ co",&i$"+( . Ac$*s&( */$c+iu"$

*#*%$ !u#( co"sumul u"o% c*"&i&(+i mici !$ *lcool 4"s( "um*i l* #$%so*"$ cu

&%*um*&ism$ c%*"io-c$%$7%*l$ $#il$#si$ s*u l* c$i cu *s&$"i$ #u&$%"ic(.


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D$oc*m!*&( $6&i"!$%$* #$ sc*%( l*%( * *lcoolismului $s&$ %$u !$ $6#lic*&

"im$"i "u ,&i$ cu $6*c&i&*&$ !$ c$ *&5& !$ mul+i o*m$"i 7$*u ,i m*i *l$s !$ c$ 7$*u

*&5& !$ mul&.


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mo%+ii 7ol"*'ilo% !$ *lcoolism #%imul loc 4l ocu#( *cci!$"&$l$ &%*um$l$ ,i

4"&o6ic*+iil$ G)H *#oi u%m$*8( 7olil$ !$ i"im( ,i *l$ '*s$lo% s*"'i"$ G12H

c*"c$%ul G1H si"uci!$%il$ GH 7olil$ o%*"$lo% %$s#i%*&o%ii GH.P$"&%u * #%$'$"i *lcoolismul $s&$ "$c$s*% c* #%im$l$ s$m"$ *l$ 7olii s( /i$

o7s$%'*&$ . Ac$s& luc%u s$ #o*&$ 4"&5m#l* *&u"ci c5"! s$%'iciil$ !$ s("(&*&$ #u7lic(

/*c cu"oscu&$ #u7licului l*% i"/o%m*+ii u&il$ !$s#%$ *c$*s&( */$c+iu"$. T%$7ui$

"$*#(%*& su7li"i*&( %*'i&*&$* *c$s&$i 7oli ,i /$lul 4" c*%$ $* */$c&$*8( #$%so*"* ,i

soci$&*&$*. Mo%&*li&*&$* l$*&( !$ ?$#*&i&$ c%o"ic$ ,i ci%o8$ 4" *"ul )001 * *&i"s

ci/%* !$ 2@ !$ c*8u%i l* 100.000 locui&o%i i*% "i'$lul mo%7i!i&(+ii sis&$mului

c*%!io-'*scul*% ,i *#*%*&ului !i$s&i' * *&i"s %$s#$c&i' ci/%$l$ 12) ,i 10@l*

100.000 !$ locui&o%i . As&(8i "u m*i mi%( #$ "im$"i /*#&ul c( s&%*8il$ o%*,$lo% su"&

Ki"u"!*&$ cu /$lu%i&$ 7(u&u%i s#i%&o*s$ co"&%*/(cu&$.

Luc%*%$* !$ /*+( s$ !o%$,&$ s( * /i u" im#uls #$"&%u * !$&$%mi"* #$ c$i 4"

!i/icul&*&$ s( *#$l$8$ cu 4"c%$!$%$ l* u" &$%*#$u& 4" co"!i+iil$ 4" c*%$ #%o7l$m$l$

su"& co#l$,i&o*%$.

U" im#o%&*"& c*#i&ol *l luc%(%ii 4l co"s&i&ui$ #%$8$"&*%$* &$%*#iilo% c$l$ m*i

$/ici$"&$ ,i !$ c$%&( *c&u*li&*&$ #$"&%u o !$sc?i!$%$ c5& m*i m*%$ c(&%$ c$$* c$

4"s$*m"( 4"+$l$$%$* ,i *cc$#&*%$* u"$i %$*li&(+i #$ c*%$ mul+i o i"o%(J

!epen!enţă etili"ă%

Mul+i s#$ci*li,&i c%$! c( i"/lu$"+* #si?oloic( 4" co"&%olul co"sumului !$

*lcool $s&$ m*i m*%$ !$c5& /*c&o%ii /i8ioloici. D$,i *lcoolicii co"si!$%( c( "$*%$*

#%o7l$m$lo% $s&$ o /o%m( !$ * /*c$ /*+( c%i&icilo% soci$&(+ii *c$*s&( *&i&u!i"$ l$ #o*&$ *!uc$ mul&$ com#lic*+ii. Co"sum*&o%ii 4"%(i+i !$ *lcool 4,i #i$%! #o/&* !$

m5"c*%$ *u"5"! s( o7+i"( c*lo%iil$ "$c$s*%$ o%*"ismului !i" *lcool *'5"!

*s&/$l u" !$/ici& s$%ios !$ 'i&*mi"$ ,i mi"$%*l$. C*"&i&(+il$ m*%i !$ *lcool */$c&$*8(

%*' /ic*&ul. Es&$ cu"oscu& /*#&ul c( co"sumul /%$c'$"& !$ 7(u&u%i s#i%&o*s$ s$

2


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&%*"s/o%m( 4" !$#%i"!$%$ i*% *#oi *#*%$ *lcoolismul c%o"ic. P%o%$s5"! *c$*s&(

7o*l( sc?im7( #$%so"*li&*&$* omului J c$%cul i"&$%$s$lo% s$ %$!uc$ l* s*&is/*c$%$*

!o%i"+$i !$ * co"sum* *lcool #osi7ili&(+il$ c%$,&$%ii lui c%$*&o*%$ limi&5"!u-s$$'i!$"&. Bol"*'ii !$ *lcoolism c%o"ic */l5"!u-s$ &o& m*i !$s 4" s&*%$ !$ $7%i$&*&$

*co%!( !i" c$ 4" c$ m*i #u+i" &im# /*mili$i ,i *c&i'i&(+ilo% soci*l$.

Mul+i o*m$"i c*%$ ,i-*u #i$%!u& s$%'iciul !$8*m(i+i !$ so*%&( ,i !$ 'i*+( c*! 4"

#*&im* *lcoolic( c*%$-i #%im$,&$ cu 7u"('oi"+( !$s*'*%,i"! o#$%* i"c$#u&* o!*&*

cu i"*!*#&*%$* l* si&u*&ii "oi. P%omo'*%$* u"ui mo! s("(&os !$ 'i*+( $s&$ i"!ic*&(

#$"&%u s&('ili%$* *c$s&ui 'iciu !*% s$ c$%$ i"sis&$"& m*i mul&( im#lic*%$ 4"

%$8ol'*%$* *c$s&$i #%o7l$m$.

Am#lo*%$* m*%c*"&( %$#%$8i"&( o #%im( 4"su,i%$ * *lcoolismului 4" lum$* !$

*s&*8i ,i $* $s&$ !$mo"s&%*7il( #%i" s&*&is&ici. A% /i u" #%im *%um$"& *l *l$$%ii

#%$8$"&$i &$m$.

Dim$"siu"$* &$m$i i"ci&( l* c$%c$&*%$* $i #$ !$ *l&* #*%&$ !$scu%*$*8(

/ii"!c( !i" mul&i#l$ *s#$c&$ "u #*%$ * s$ *l$$ u" c*#*& !$ !%um u" /i% co"!uc(&o%cu *&5& m*i #u&i" s$ 4"&%$'$!$ o solu+i$ /i"*l(.

I" #si?oloi$ c* ,i 4" m$!ici"( *lcoolismul %$#%$8i"&( o Km("u,(

*%u"c*&( *#%o*#$ &u&u%o% s#$ci*li&(+ilo% !*% "$%i!ic*&( !$ "iciu"*. El *#*%+i"$

&u&u%o% ,i "im("ui 4" *c$l*,i &im#. D$ *c$$* $s&$ /%$c'$"& i"o%*& &%*&*& #%i"&%-u"

s/*& #%i$&$"$sc si m*i *l$s "u $s&$ #%i'i& c* 7o*l* !$ /o"! #$ c*%$ s$ %$/$*8( o

*"umi&* #*&oloi$.

@


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PARTEA I

ABORDARE TEORETI!

10


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CAPITOLUL &

ETILISMUL CRONIC 'S% BE(IA - CA REAC(IE NECRITICĂ AOMULUI

Di" &im#u%i s&%('$c?i omul * /olosi& !i/$%i&$ su7s&*"+$ #$"&%u *-,i mo!i/ic*

#%o#%i* s&*%$ !$ co",&i$"+( #$"&%u * s$ s&imul* s*u %$l*6* #$"&%u *-,i i"!uc$

som"ul s*u #$"&%u *-l #%$'$"i #$"&%u * i"&$"si/ic* #$%c$#+iil$ o7i,"ui&$ o%i #$"&%u

*-,i #%o!uc$ ?*luci"*+ii.Su7s&*"+$l$ c*%$ */$c&$*8( com#o%&*m$"&ul co",&ii"+* ,i

!is#o8i+i* #si?ic( su"& "umi&$ psi)oa"ti*e%

Su7s&*"+$l$ #si?o*c&i'$ c$l$ m*i cu"oscu&$ su"&J se!ati*ele G*lcoolul7*%7i&u%ic$l$

&%*"c?ili8*"&$ mi"o%$H opia"eele Go#iul ,i !$%i'*+ii s(i m$&*!o"*Hstiulantele

G*m/$&*mi"$l$ coc*i"* "ico&i"* co/$i"*H )alu"ino#enele G LSD m$sc*li"*

#siloci7i"* /$"cicli!i"*-PCDH ,i "anna+is Gm*%iu*"* ?*,i,H .

S$ co"si!$%( c( !%ou%il$ $"um$%*&$ m*i sus */$c&$*8( com#o%&*m$"&ul ,ico",&ii"+* 4"&%uc5& *c+io"$*8( #$ c(i 7ioc?imic$ s#$ci/ic$ *su#%* c%$i$%ului .

Se!ati*ele sunt su+stanţe "a$e s"a! a"ti*itatea sisteului ne$*os

"ent$al . C$l m*i /olosi& !i"&%$ *c$s&$* $s&$ *lcoolul . A#%o*#$ /i$c*%$ soci$&*&$

#%imi&i'( s*u i"!us&%i*li8*&( co"sum( *lcool.

C* u%m*%$ * u"ui co"sum %$#$&*& u" i"!i'i! #o*&$ !$'$"i !$#$"!$"& /i8ic s*u

#si?oloic !$ o%ic*%$ !i" *c$s&$ !%ou%i. Depen!enţa ,ii"ă !$"umi&( ,i a!i"ţie s$ c*%*c&$%i8$*8( #%i" tole$anţă Gc$$* c$ 4"s$*m"( c( l* co"sum co"&i"uu i"!i'i!ul

&%$7ui$ s( i* !i" c$ 4" c$ m*i mul& !%o #$"&%u * *'$* *c$l*,i $/$c&H ,i #%i"

siptoul !e .nt$e$upe$e G!*c( /olosi%$* !%ou%ilo% $s&$ 4"&%$%u#&( #$%so*"*

#%$8i"&( %$*c+ii /i8ic$ ,i #si?oloic$ "$#l(cu&$H. Depen!enţa psi)olo#i"ă s$ %$/$%(

11


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$il7%o""$%

Bo"?ö//$% A. o%$l Bl$ul$% $&c. Au u%m(%i& *c$l*,i s&u!iu *l cl*si/ic(%ii cli"ic$ ,i

*l *s#$c&$lo% socioloic$.


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Di" 1@0 #5"* 4" 1@20 #%o!uc&i* ,i co"&%olul o/ici*l $%*u su7 co"&%olul

s&*&ului. P%i" c%$,&$%$* #u&$%ii !$ cum#(%*%$ co"sumul * c%$scu& %$#%$8$"&5"! o

su%s* !$ '$"i&u%i !$loc "$li*7il$ Gi" Polo"i* 10-1 !i" '$"i&ul "*&io"*lH.


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&%0% P$ele*anţa "onsuului !e al"ool pe plan on!ial 1i $e#ional

R$/$%i"&$l$ l* co"sumul !$ *lcool *u u" co"+i"u& &o& m*i *l*%m*"& #$ m(su%(

c$ "$ *#%o#i$m !$ 8il$l$ "o*s&%$.

L$isl*&ii "$i"s#i%*&$ #%$cum #%o?i7i+i* *m$%ic*"( - s*u c$* so'i$&ic( m*i

%$c$"& - li7$%*li8*%$* #%os& i"&$l$*s* 4" Rom*"i* #os&%$'olu&io"*%* *u co"!us l*

#%o!uc&i* ilici&* 4" i"s&*l*&ii i"*!$c'*&$ cu %iscu%i c%$scu&$ !$ &o6ici&*&$.

Co"&i"u&ul 4" #lum7 *l 'i"u%ilo% cu%$"&$ $s&$ !$ 0) 01 mF1 i*% *cumul*%$*

4" o%*"ism $s&$ co"s&*"&*. S$ $s&im$*8* c* #lum7$mi* c%$scu&* l* *lcoolici

!$&$%mi"* s$m"$ !$ s*&u%"ism l* 1 !i"&%$ 7(%7*+i ,i 3 !i"&%$ /$m$i.

P$ #l*" mo"!i*l co"sumul !$ *lcool #$ c*# !$ locui&o% * "$es"ut .n e!ie

"u 234 .n &55& ,ata !e &536 c%$,&$%$* s-* /(cu& cu '*lo%i /o*%&$ m*%i 4" +(%i c*%$

#5"* 4" &536 *'$*u co"sumu%i %$l*&i' mici 4" &im# c$ c%$,&$%$* * /os& mo!$%*&*

*7s$"&( s*u * $6is&*& o sc(!$%$ * co"sumului 4" +(%i c*%$ #5"* 4" 1@0 *'$*u ci/%$

%i!ic*&$ *l$ co"sumului #$ c*# !$ lociu&o% G#$s&$ li&%i *lcool #u% #$ c*# !$

locui&o% *"u*lH.

.O.1@@H. !i"

#o#ul*&i* *!ul&* !i" SUA s$ co"/%u"&( cu *7u8ul !$ *lcool.

1


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Rom5"i* s$ 4"c*!%$*8( 4"&%-u" mo!$l !$ co"sum *s$m("(&o% cu c$l*l&$ +(%i

!i" su!-s&ul Eu%o#$i.

Co"sumul !$ *lcool l* "oi 4" +*%( * 4"%$is&%*& '*lo%i c%$scu&$ i" #$%io*!*

1@-1@2. Di" 1@2 #5"( 4" 1@@ co"sumul !$ *lcool sc*!$ &%$#&*& u%m5"! c*

!i" 1@@ #5"* 4" #%$8$"& s* s$ 4"%$is&%$8$ u" &%$"! #%o%$si' *sc$"!$"& *"&ici#5"!

c%$,&$%$* i"ci!$"+$i #*&oloi$i l$*&$ !$ *lcool 4" *"ii u%m*&o%i.

Su%s*J >$*l&? /o% *ll !*&*7*s$ Al O%*"i8*+i$i Mo"!i*l$ * S("(&*+ii

1


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&%7% De,iniţii 1i "lasi,i"ă$i

Di" #$%s#$c&i'( m$!ic*l( alcoolismul este starea psi"ică şi fi#ică $ însoţită

de tulburări cronice de comportament $ re#ult%nd din consumul e&cesi' de alcool

(continuu sau episodic) în scopul de a suprima disconfortul (fenomenul de

dependenţă) $ care duce în final la autodistru*erea indi'idului+El$m$"&$l$

!$/i"i&o%ii *l$ *lcoolismului su"& J cosumul $6c$si' !$ *lcool G co"&i"uu s*u

$#iso!icH /$"om$"ul !$ !$#$"!$"+( !$&$%io%*%$ /i8ic( ,i mi"&*l(.

Su"& mul&$ !$/i"i+ii !*&$ *lcoolismului !*% c$l$ m*i mul&$ !i"&%$ $l$ i"clu!J

incapacitatea de a te abţine Gs$"8*+i* c( "u #o*&$ &%$c$ o 8i /(%( s( 7$iH s*u lipsacontrolului Gi"c*#*ci&*&$* !$ * &$ o#%i !u#( u"* s*u !ou( 7$+ii 4"&%-u" &im# %$l*&i'

scu%&H.

Cu &o*&$ c( !$/i"i+i* i"clu!$ ,i i"c*#*ci&*&$* !$ *7+i"$%$ !$ l* *lcool s*u *7s$"+*

co"&%olului c*%*c&$%is&ic *c$s&ui mo!$l com#o%&*m$"&*l /o*%&$ #u+i"i *lcoolici 'o%

/i '*8u+i 4" s&*%$ !$ $7%i$&*&$ #5"( l* s/5%,i&ul 'i$+ii. Ac$,&i* !$ o7ic$i *l&$%"$*8(

#$%io*!$l$ !$ 4"&%$%u#$%$ Gs*u co"sum mo!$%*& H cu #$%io*!$l$ 4" c*%$ co"sum(

$6c$si'. D*c( "u co"sum( *lcool &im# !$ !ou( s(#&(m5"i s*u c?i*% lu"i *c$*s&*

"u 4"s$*m"( c( i"!i'i!ul "u $s&$ *lcoolic.

&%7%&% Clasi,i"a$ea al"ooli"ilo$Cl*si/ic*%$* *lcoolicilo% $s&$ o #%o7l$m( c*%$ s$ lo'$,&$ !$ !i/icul&(+i

%$8ul&5"! !i" l*&$"+* s*u c*%*c&$%ul $/$m$% *l s$m"$lo% !$ i"&o6ic*+i$ . Din punct

de 'edere medical $ distin*em bolna'i spitali#aţi în primul r%nd pentru simptome

caracteristice de alcoolism Gci%o8$ #oli"$'%i&$ H ,i bolna'i pre#ent%nd un teren

alcoolic #$s&$ c*%$ s$ su#%*#u" !i/$%i&$ */$c+iu"i. C?i*% s#i&*l$l$ !$ #si?i*&%i$

!is&i" psi"o#e alcoolice ,i psi"o#e *re'ate pe alcoolism.

1


18/128


U"$l$ s&*&is&ici !is&i" J

• alcoolismul latent c*%*c&$%i8*& #%i" mo!$%*&$ &ul7u%(%i !$ c*%*c&$% ,i*l&$ *c&i'i&(+i

• etilismul constituit cu l$8iu"i 'isc$%*l$ ,i *7s$"&$ism l* s$%'iciu

• etilismul *ra' cu l$8*%$* #%o/u"!( * sis&$mului "$%'os 7ol"*'i

i"c*#*7ili !$ mu"c(

• psi"o#ele alcoolice+

Du#( *l&( cl*si/ic*%$ G$lli"c 1@)H s$ #o& !is&i"$ J• #$%so*"$ c*%$ /olos$sc *lcoolul #$"&%u c*lm*%$* u"o% su/$%i"+$ /i8ic$

s*u mo%*l$ l* c*%$ !$#$"!$"+* "u s$ !$8'ol&( o7li*&o%iu

• *lcoolismul co"s&i&ui& !u#( o lu"( #$%io*!( !$ *7u8 l* c*%$ s$

*!*u( com#lic*+iil$ som*&ic$ comu"$ Gci%o8$ #oli"$'%i&$ *s&%i&$

$&c.H

•

*lcoolicii cu /$"om$"$ !$ &ol$%*"+( ,i !$#$"!$"+( /i8ic( l* c*%$ s$su#%*#u" %*'$ &ul7u%(%i com#o%&*m$"&*l$ $"$%*&o*%$ !$ *c&$

*"&isoci*l$ .

&%7%0% 9o$ele "lini"eo%m$l$ cli"ic$ su"& "um$%o*s$ ,i !$#i"! !$ c*"&i&*&$* "*&u%* ,i !u%*&*

u&ili8(%ii &o6icului . Co"s&*"&i" 9o%os * %u#*& /o%m$l$ cli"ic$ 4" J

•

i"&o6ic*+i* *lcoolic( *cu&(• &ul7u%(%i #si?ic$ *cu&$ ,i su7*cu&$

• si"!%omul !$ im#%$"*%$ *lcoolic( c%o"ic(

• /o%m$ !$li%*"&$ *l$ *lcoolismului

12


19/128


• $"c$/*lo#*&ii *lcoolic$ c*%$"+i*l$

• !$m$"+* *lcoolic(.

I"&o6ic*+i* *lcoolic( *cu&( s$ cl*si/ic( 4" J 7$+i* *cu&( Gi"$s&i$ $6c$si'( !$

*lcool l* u" "$7(u&o% s*u su%'$"i"! c* o su#%*4"c(%c*%$ l* u" *lcoolic c%o"icH ,i

7$+i* #*&oloic( Gc*%$ #o*&$ !$'$lo#* s&%*&u%il$ #%o/u"!$ *l$ u"$i #$%so"*li&(+i

#si?o#*&$ $"$%5"! /o%m$ K#*&oloic$H .

Tul7u%(%il$ #si?ic$ *cu&$ ,i su7*cu&$ su"& !$ !ou( /o%m$J !$li%ul *lcoolic

*cu& ,i !$li%ul *lcoolic su7*cu&.

o%m$l$ !$li%*"&$ *l$ *lcoolismului su"& J s$c?$l$l$ #os&-o"i%ic$ ?*luci"o8**lcoolic( $%"ic$ !$li%u%il$ *lcoolic$ c%o"ic$ G!$li%ul !$ $lo8i$ !$li%ul

?*luci"*&o% c%o"ic si"!%o*m$l$ sc?i8o/%$"i/o%m$ H.


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i"/%*c+iu"$ J $l $s&$ m5"*& m*i *l$s s#%$ *c&$ !$ im#ulsi'i&*&$ ,i *%$si'i&*&$ /*#&$

'iol$"&$ !$ l* !is&%u$%$ #5"( l* omo% GC?*%#*"&i$%H. Ac$s&$* s$ 4"&5l"$sc *&5& 4"

7$+i* *cu&( c5& ,i 4" *lcoolismul c%o"ic #u&5"! &%*"s/o%m* u" om *l&/$l 4"+$l$#& ,ili"i,&i& 4"&%-u" s*!ic s*u u" c%imi"*l. Ac&$lo% !$ 'iol$"+( *lcoolicul l$ *!*u(

!$lic&$ !$ '**7o"!* !$ /u%& !$ 'iol. D%*m$l$ !$ $lo8i$ su"& o /o%m( /%$c'$"&(.

U"$o%i $i #o& comi&$ c%im$ !$ c*%$ "u su"& co",&i$"+i 4" &im#ul %*#&usu%ilo%

!$li%*"&$ s*u su7 im#$%iul u"$i sc$"$ o"i%ic$ &$%i/i*"&$.

Vi*+* *lcoolicului #o*&$ s/5%,i /i$ #%i" suici! /i$ 4" &im#ul u"$i /ui !ic&*&$ !$

&$%o*%$* o"i%ismului G !$/$"$s&%*%$ su7m$%si$H .

E'olu+i* sim#&om*&oloi$i *lcoolismului c%o"ic !$#i"!$ !$ c$l$ !ou(

mo!u%i !$ u8 #*&oloic J *7u8ul s*u !$#$"!$"+* *lcoolic( *c$s&$* s$ #$&%$c !$

o7ic$i 4" #%imii ci"ci *"i !$ co"sum %$ul*& . D$ *s$m$"$* co"sumul *7u8i'

#%$coc$ !$ *lcool Gsu7 1 *"iH !uc$ 4" mo! /%$c'$"& l* com#lic*+ii ul&$%io*%$ !$

o%!i" soci*l s*u m$!ico-l$*l. D$,i c$l$ !ou( /o%m$ !$ u8 #*&oloic #o& co"&i"u* ,i

l* '5%s&* 4"*i"&*&( s#$ci/ici&*&$* lo% s$ mo!i/ic( u"$o%i c* %$8ul&*& *l com#lic*+iilo%

o%*"ic$ *#(%u&$.

&%2% Pa$ti"ula$ităţi ale "onsuului !e al"ool .n ,un"ţie !e *:$stă 1i se;

Apa$ent apana< al +ă$+aţilo$ = al"oolisul se e;tin!e astăi .n o!

seni,i"ati* 1i .n $:n!ul ,eeilo$ 1i al tine$ilo$ = .n "iu!a !i,i"ultăţii eto!elo$

!e !epista$e% Se .n$e#ist$eaă 1i o .n#$i


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!$'%$m$ !$c5& c$l$ $6ci&*&o%ii. D*& /ii"! /*#&ul c( "$u%o"ii c$%$7%*li m$"+i" u"

$c?ili7%u s&%5"s 4"&%$ $6ci&*+i$ ,i i"?i7i+i$ su#%im*%$* si"*#s$lo% i"?i7i&o%ii *%$ c*

$/$c& o s$"8*+i$ !$ $6ci&*%$ s*u s&imul*%$. To&u,i si"*#s$l$ $6ci&*&o%ii 'o% /i ,i $l$su#%im*&$ 4" cu%5"! $/$c&$l$ s&imul*&o*%$ !is#*% c*u85"! o s&*%$ !$ som"ol$"+( ,i

o /u"c+io"*%$ m*i %$!us( 4" #l*" s$"8o%i*l ,i mo&o%.

C*%$ $s&$ c*"&i&*&$* !$ *lcool #$ c*%$ o #$%so*"( #o*&$ s( o co"sum$ /(%( * /i

l$*l !$cl*%*&( i"&o6ic*&( R$l*+i* !i"&%$ co"c$"&%*+i* !$ *lcool 4" s5"$ ,i

co"sumul !$ *lcool "u $s&$ sim#l(.Ac$*s&* !$#i"!$ !$ s$6ul #$%so*"$i %$u&*&$*

co%#o%*l( ,i 'i&$8* !$ co"sum*%$. V5%s&* m$&*7olismul i"!i'i!ului ,i o7i,"ui"+*

co"sumului !$ *lcool su"& *l+i /*c&o%i c$ &%$7ui$ lu*+i 4" co"si!$%*%$. Nu $s&$

*!$'(%*& c( 7$%$* s*u 'i"ul su"& m*i #u+i" c*#*7il$ s( 4m7$&$ #$ ci"$'* !$c5& o /*c

7(u&u%il$ &*%i.U" #*?*% m*%$ *#%o6im*&i' 1)0 ml !$ 'i" ,i 0 ml !$ X?isW *u

*c$l*,i co"+i"u& !$ *lcool ,i c*m *c$l*,i $/$c&.

&%2%&% A+uul !e al"ool la tine$iConsuul !e al"ool a "$es"ut .n ultiul tip "a *olu 1i ,$e"*enţă = ia$

*:$sta la "a$e se .n"epe "onsua$ea !e al"ool a s"ăut%

U"* !i"&%$ c$l$ m*i #$%iculo*s$ #%$u!$c(+i o co"s&i&ui$ c$* co"/o%m c(%$i*

Kco#ilului "u-i s&%ic( o #ic(&u%( !$ *lcool.D$*l&/$l *c$*s&( #(%$%$ $s&$ $6&%$m !$

!$s 4"&5l"i&( m*i *l$s l* +*%( u"!$ mul+i #(%i"+i l$ !*u co#iilo% s( us&$ #$"&%u *-i

Kc(li. As&/$l !$ #(%i"+i *&$"&$*8( /(%( s( ,&i$ l* s("(&*&$* c$lo% mici . O%*"ismul

co#ilului $s&$ mul& m*i s$"si7il l* *c+iu"$* &o6ic( * *lcoolului. P$"&%u * #%o'oc*

s&*%$* !$ com( l* u" co#il !$ -2 *"i $s&$ !$ *u"s o co"c$"&%*+i$ 4" s5"$ *

*lcoolului !$ - o%i m*i %$!us( !$c5& l* *!ul& .

)1


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23/128


C$l$ m*i s$%io*s$ #%o7l$m$ su"& *cci!$"&$l$.


24/128


$/$c&$lo% *lcoolului *su#%* s("(&(+ii c*#*ci&(+ii !$ mu"c(

com#o%&*m$"&ului soci*l ,i i"&%o!uc$%$* 4" #%o%*mul !i!*c&ic * u"o%

#%$l$$%i !$s#%$ *lcoolism ,i $/$c&$l$ s*l$ G4"c$#5"! !i" cl*s$l$ * IV-*,i * V-*H.

• Măsu$i so"ial / e"onoi"e cum *% /iJ m$"+i"$%$* u"o% #%$+u%i c5& m*i

%i!ic*&$ i"&$%8ic$%$* '5"8(%ii !$ 7(u&u%i *lcoolic$ co#iilo% ,i

*!ol$sc$"+ilo% %$!uc$%$* "um(%ului !$ u"i&(+i 4" c*%$ s$ co"sum( 4"

$6clusi'i&*&$ 7(u&u%i *lcoolic$ ,i "$*u&o%i8*%$* /u"c+io"(%ii *c$s&o%* 4"

'$ci"(&*&$* ,colilo% c(mi"$lo% i"s&i&u+iilo%.

&%2%0% Etilisul "$oni" la ,eeiS$ o7s$%'( !i/$%$"+$ im#o%&*"&$ 4"&%$ s$6$ #%i'i&o% l* co"sumul !$ *lcool ,i

l* $/$c&$l$ /i8ic$ #%o!us$ !$ *c$s&*.


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G7(%7*+iF/$m$iH 4" %5"!ul m*%ilo% co"sum*&o%i ,i )F1 4" %5"!ul co"sum*&o%ilo%

oc*8io"*li.

C$%c$&(&o%ii su"& !$ *co%! cu #(%$%$* c( /$m$il$ 7$*u !i" *c$l$*,i mo&i'$ c*

,i 7(%7*+ii. A!$#+ii &$o%i$i /o%+$i s*u #u&$%ii Gco"/o%m c(%$i* 7$*u $6c$si' c$i c$

!o'$!$sc o *cc$"&u*&( "$'oi$ !$ *-,i m*"i/$s&* /o%+*H c%$! c( !$'i" *lcoolic$

/$m$il$ cu &%$7ui"+( !$ !omi"*%$ 4" &im# c$ #*%&i8*"ii &$o%i$i !$#$"!$"+$i

G&$"!i"+$l$ *%$si'$ ,i !$ */i%m*%$ * /o%+$i su"& o %$*c+i$ su7 c*%$ s$ *scu"!$ !$ /*#&

"$c$si&*&$* !$ * /i !$#$"!$"& !$ ci"$'* i*% co"sumul !$ *lcool *% %(s#u"!$ u"$i

!o%i"+$ !$ co"/o%& ,i siu%*"+( c*%$ 4"(&u%( s$"&im$"&ul !$ !$#$"!$"+(H*%um$"&$*8( c( /$m$il$ !$'i" m*i %*% *lcoolic$ !$c5& 7(%7*+ii !$o*%$c$ 4" 'i*+(

"u 4"c$*%c( s&(%i co"/lic&u*l$ l$*&$ !$ /$"om$"ul !$ !$#$"!$"+(.

E6#lic*+i* *lcoolismului l* /$m$i !u#( *l&$ #(%$%i *% #u&$* /i l$*&( !$

$6is&$"+* u"o% &ul7u%(%i o7s&%$&ico-i"$coloic$ cum *% /i s#%$ $6$m#lu s&$%ili&*&$*

s&(%i c*%$ c%$*8( 4"!oi$li cu #%i'i%$ l* c*li&(+il$ /$mi"i"$ #%$cum ,i $6is&$"+* u"o%

&ul7u%(%i *l$ 'i$+ii co"u*l$ s*u !i'o%+ GV. B$"&i, #*.H .

Conţinutul ai $e!us .n apă al o$#anisului ,eeilo$ ,a"e "a a"estea să ,ie

ai *ulne$a+ile !e":t +ă$+aţii la e,e"tele al"oolului "eea "e ,a"e "a p$in

"onsua$ea a"elea1i "antităţi !e al"ool "onse"inţele asup$a sănătăţii să ,ie ai

#$a*e la ,eei% Al&$ !i/$%$"+( 4"&%$ /$m$i ,i 7(%7*+i #o& /i !$ o%!i" socio-cul&u%*l J

4" $"$%*l co"sumul !$ *lcool l* 7(%7*+i $s&$ co"si!$%*& c* o co"soli!*%$ * im*i"ii

m*sculi"$ !$ 'i%ili&*&$ ,i m*&u%i&*&$. Co"sum*%$* !$ *lcool !$ c(&%$ /$m$i $s&$

#%i'i&( !i/$%i& J /$m$i* c*%$ 7$* mul& $s&$ o7i$c&ul !$8*#%o7(%ii soci*l$ ,i 4"

co"s$ci"+( $* 4"c$*%c( s( !isimul$8$ !i/icul&(+il$ cu c*%$ s$ co"/%u"&( 4" loc s(

solici&$ *u&o% c*li/ic*& .

S#$ci*li,&ii !$ l* S#i&*lul !$ Psi?i*&%i$ KSocol* *u co"s&*& 4" ul&imii *"i u"

*s#$c& 4"%io%(&o% 4" c$$* c$ #%i'$,&$ K!$8'ol&*%$* *lcoolismului.S-* o7s$%'*& o

)


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c%$,&$%$ * #o"!$%ii 7olilo% #si?ic$ c*u8*&$ !$ co"sumul %$#$&*& !$ *lcool.


27/128


+iolo#i"e @tole$anţă s"ăută 1i psi)opatolo#i"e> al"oolisul ,einin este

,oa$te a!esea un al"oolis ne*$oti" !e tip !ep$esi*%

P$%so*"$l$ c*%$ *u !$'$"i& !$#$"!$"&$ #si?oloic !$ *lcool c$i c*%$/olos$sc !$ o7ic$i *lcoolul #$"&%u * /*c$ /*+( s&%$sului ,i *"6i$&(+ii-*u m*%i ,*"s$ !$

* !$'$"i *lcoolici. Ac$,&i* su"& #%$!is#u,i l* u" c$%c 'icios. R$cu%5"! l* *lcool

*&u"ci c5"! su"& co"/%u"&*+i cu u"$l$ #%o7l$m$ $i l$ &%*&$*8( !$ /*#& i"$/ici$"&.


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CAPITOLUL 0

9ACTORII ETIOLOICI PREDISPOAN(I I 9A'ORIAN(I

AI ETILISMULUI CRONIC

Al"oolisul este polietiolo#i" 1i politipi"% Mo!elul ulti,a"to$ial este

.+$ăţi1at !e a


29/128


Gsu/$%$* !$ i#o?o"!%i$ ,i m$l*"coli$H i*% $"$%*+i* * #*&%* $%* !$7il( cu &o&ul ,i

s&$%il( $'i!$"+ii"!u-s$ #%i"&%-u" 4"*l& %*! !$ i!io+i$.

9oo!Xi" * c%i&ic*& s&u!iil$ /*mili*l$ *su#%* *lcoolismului #$ 7*8* /*#&ului c(s$ o#$%$*8( cu u" co"c$#& "$cl*% !$/i"i& Gs*u cu mul&i#l$ *cc$#+iu"i !$ l* *u&o%

c*%$ 4"s( "ici "u ,i l$ #%$ci8$*8(H. C* #%$'*l$"+( 4" #%$8$"& s$ *cc$#&( c( *% #u&$* /i

co"si!$%*+i *lcoolici !i"&%$ 7(%7*+i ,i 0 !i"&%$ /$m$i 4" &(%il$ !$8'ol&*&$ .

Di"&%$ s&u!iil$ $m$loloic$ su"& cu"oscu&$ c$l$ *l$ lui P*%&*"$" ,i

col*7o%*&o%ii ,i o"sso" ,i col*7o%*&o%ii c*%$ *u co"s&*&*& o $%i&*7ili&*&$ 4"&%$ 030

,i 00 4" #%i'i"+* /%$c'$"+$i ,i c*"&i&(+ilo% i"$%*&$. Ac$$*,i *u&o%i !*% ,i *i 4"

Su$!i* ,i Lo$c?li" 4" S.U.A. *u c$%c$&*& $%i&*7ili&*&$* *7u8ului !$ *lcool ,i *l

!i/$%i&$lo% com#o"$"&$ *l$ *c$s&ui *7u8 '*%i*+iil$ /ii"! 4"&%$ 0 ,i 0 . As&/$l

!u#( P*%&*"$" 4" c*8ul !$"si&(+ii $* $%* !$ 03@ !$ 03 #$"&%u c*"&i&*&$ ,i !$

"um*i 01 #$"&%u li#s* !$ co"&%ol.


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Al+ii *u&o%i 4"s( co"si!$%( c( *% /i 'o%7* *ici m*i !$%*7( !$ o c*%$"+( 'i&*mi"ic(

4"&%uc5& cu%$l$ !$ !$8*lcooli8*%$ *% su#%im* &ul7u%(%il$ !$ '$!$%$.i"ou% * co"s&*&*& u" %isc !$ 30 l* /ii ,i 0 l* /iic$l$ *lcoolicilo%.


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#%ocu%(%ii *lcoolului '*%i$&*&$* 7(u&u%ilo% $6is&$"&$ *&i&u!i"$* &ol$%*"&( * o#i"i$i

#u7lic$ i"&$%$s$ $co"omic$H. *c&o%i soci*li c* ,om*ul s&%$ss-ul soci*7ili&*&$*

c%$$*8( c*&$o%ii !$ co"sum*&o%i 4" /u"c+i$ !$ c*"&i&*&$* c*li&*&$* !u%*&* ,ici%cums&*"&$l$ co"sumului. U" sc%$$"i" 4" c*#i&*l* Sco&i$i G8o"* cu co"sum su7

m$!i* co"&i"$"&uluiH * *si& *7s&i"$"&* G"u *u co"sum*& 4" ul&im$l$ !ou* lu"iH l*

!i"&%$ 7(%7*+i ,i 1 !i"&%$ /$m$i co"sum*&o%i oc*8io"*li /ii"! 1 !i"&%$

7(%7*+i ,i 3 !i"&%$ /$m$i co"sum*&o%i /%$c'$"&i Gc$l #u&i" s*#&*m5"*lH @

!i"&%$ 7(%7*+i ,i 2 !i"&%$ /$m$i.


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*"i. Nu s-*u (si& !i/$%$"+$ s$m"i/ic*&i'$ 4" c$$* c$ #%i'$,&$ co"sumul !$ *lcool

4"&%$ c$l$ !ou( %u#u%i. Pu+i" m*i mul& !$c5& um(&*&$ co"sum*u *lcool oc*8io"*l

!i" %u#ul #%o'$"i& !i" &*&( *lcoolic co"sum*u *lcool %$ul*& 4" &im# c$ @ !i" c$l(l*l& %u# /(c$*u *c$l*,i luc%u . To*&$ *c$s&$ s&u!ii #o& /i c%i&ic*7il$ !*&o%i&(

u"o% !i/icul&(+i c$ +i" !$ mul&i#l$ ,i '*%i*&$ co"!i+ii !$ m$!iu !*% o%icum $l$ #*%

s( i"!ic$ u" %ol mic *l i"/lu$"+$i $%$!i&*%$.

Im#lic*+iil$ *lcoolismului 4" "um$%o*s$ l*&u%i *l$ 'i$+ii soci*l$ im#u"

*#lic*%$* u"o% m(su%i c*%$ s( %$*c&u*li8$8$ s&im* !$ si"$ c* #%oc$s $'*lu*&i' cu

%ol !$ $c?ili7%u #$%so"*l *l /i$c(%ui i"!i'i!.

luc&u*+i* co"sumului !$ *lcool 4" !i/$%i&$ #$%io*!$ is&o%ic$ !$mo"s&%$*8(

!$#$"!$"+* *c$s&o%* !$ o s$%i$ !$ /*c&o%i soci*li $co"omici #oli&ici $&c.

V*%i*&$l$ %$*c+ii som*&o#si?ic$ c*%$ sc*! %$8is&$"+* ,i /*cili&$*8( *#*%i+i*

*lcoolismului c* 7o*l( &%$7ui$ *'u&$ 4" '$!$%$ #%i" *"*loi$ cu o%ic$ */$c+iu"$

#osi7il(.

E&ioloi* *lcoolismului $s&$ 4"c( ,i *s&(8i i"su/ici$"& cu"oscu&( . E6is&(

"um$%o*s$ i#o&$8$ c*%$ #u" *cc$"& #$ mo&i'$l$ im$!i*&$ *l$ *m7i*"+$i s&%uc&u%*

#*%&icul*%( * #$%so"*li&(+ii s*u *"umi&$ #%o#%i$&(+i /*%m*coloic$ *l$ *lcoolismului.

Alcoolismul $s&$ u" /$"om$" ?$&$%o$" 4" c*%$ #o"!$%$* /*c&o%ilo% *mi"&i+i m*i

sus '*%i*8( !$ l* u" su7i$c& l* *l&ul.

3)


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CAPITOLUL 7

SPECI9ICUL PERSONALITĂ(II N TULBURĂRILE

INDUSE DE CONSUMUL DE ALCOOL

Ti#oloiil$ #$%so"*li&(+ii "u *u o s$m"i/ic*+i$ 4" si"$ ci $!uc*+io"*l( ,i

&$%*#$u&ic( $l$ *&$"+io"5"! *su#%* #*%&icul*%i&(+ilo% #si?oloic$ c$ u%m$*8( * /i

/o%m*&$ !*% ,i *su#%* *c$lo%* c$ &%$7ui$ $'i&*&$ s*u *m$lio%*&$.

Personalitatea se defineşte ca fiind sinte#a tuturor elementelor care

concură la confi*urarea mentală a unui subiect pentru a.i da acestuia o fi#ionomie proprie GE"(c?$scu C. #*.1H. Ac$s& *s#$c& %$8ul&( !i" u%m(&o*%$l$

s*l$ #*%&icul*%i&(+i J co"s&i&u+i* #si?o-/i8ioloic( $l$m$"&$ i"s&i"c&i'o-*/$c&i'$

c*%*c&$% &$m#$%*m$"& &i#ul !$ %$*c+i$ co"!ui&( "i'$lul !$ *s#i%*+ii .


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u"i&*&$ 'i$ c*%$ "u #o*&$ /i !$8m$m7%*&( /(%( *-,i #i$%!$ i!$"&i&*&$*. I"!i'i! $s&$

o%ic$ o%*"ism i"clusi' omul. T$%m$"ul "u !$s$m"$*8( !$c5& o #%$8$"+( ,i "ucu#%i"!$ !$sc%i#+ii s*u $'*lu(%i. D$ *c$$* c5"! s$ /olos$,&$ #$"&%u * !$s$m"* #$

u"ul s*u m*i mul+i o*m$"i *#*%$ ,i o "u*"+( !$ i"!i/$%$"+( !*c( "u si !$ !is#%$+.

Indi'idualitatea $s&$ indi'idul luat în ansamblul proprietăţilor sale

distincti'e şi ori*inale. Aici i"&$%'i"$ o "o&( !$ com#l$6i&*&$ /*+( !$ c*%$ "$ $s&$

c$%u&( *&$"+i$ !*c( "u %$s#$c&. S$ s#u"$ !o*% c( /i$c*%$ !is#u"$ !$

i"!i'i!u*li&*&$* s* !$ c*%$ &%$7ui$ s( +i"( s$*m* .To&u,i s#$ci/ic*%$* um*"ului "u

$s&$ 4"&o&!$*u"* #%$"*"&(. S-* !iscu&*& !$s#%$ i"!i'i!u*li&*&$ ,i 4" 7ioloi$.

Cu &$%m$"ul #$%so*"( s#$ci/ic*%$* um*"ului $s&$ #%$8$"&(. Nu su"& #$%so*"$

!$c5& o*m$"ii. To&u,i "u $s&$ #%$ci8*&( '5%s&* ocu#*+i* '*lo*%$*. D$ *c$$*

&$%m$"ul "u s$ /olos$,&$ !$c5& 4" o%!i"$* s&*&is&ic( . Es&$ &o&u,i im#lic*&( i!$$* c(

omul c* #$%so*"( 4"!$#li"$,&$ %olu%i ,i !is#u"$ !$ s&*&usu%i soci*l$.

P$%so"*li&*&$* sim$&%ic( cu i"!i'i!u*li&*&$* $s&$ u" co"c$#& c*%$ cu#%i"!$

între* sistemul atributelor $ structurilor şi 'alorilor de care dispune o persoană+

D$ *c$$* &$%m$"ul !$ #$%so"*li&*&$ im#lic( ,i $'*lu(%i #%i'i"! c*li&(+il$ #$%so"*l$

%olu%il$ ,i s&*&usu%il$ !$ c*%$ !is#u"$ %$s#$c&i'* #$%so*"(. O%ici"$ !is#u"$ !$

#$%so"*li&*&$ 4"s( i$%*%?i* '*lo%ic( * #$%so"*li&(+ilo% s$ $6&i"!$ #$ o sc*l( /o*%&$

m*%$ ,i #%$su#u"$ '*%i*&$ !i/$%$"+i$%i. i$c*%$ #$%so"*li&*&$ cumul$*8( u"

*"s*m7lu !$ s&*&usF%olu%i. Co"c%$& #$%so"*li&*&$* 4" !i'$%s$ %$l*+ii ,i *c+iu"i s$

m*"i/$s&( co"/o%m %olului 4"!$#li"i& ,i +i"5"! s$*m* !$ s&*&usul s(u !$ci $**#*%$ c* u" #$%so"*. Ac&o% #$ sc$"* 'i$+ii /i$c*%$ 4,i mo!$l$*8( s&%uc&u%il$

#%o/u"!$ !$ #$%so"*li&*&$ !u#( 4m#%$u%(%il$ 4" c*%$ s$ */l( ,i !$8'ol&(

com#o%&*m$"&$ co"/o%m$ cu %olFs&*&usul s(u !$ #(%i"&$ s*u co#il #%o/$so% s*u

$l$' ,$/ s*u su7o%!o"*& #%o!uc(&o% s*u co"sum*&o% ,o/$% s*u #i$&o" *8!( s*u

3


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o*s#$&$ $&c. !$ /i$c*%$ !*&( *#(%5"! c* u" #$%so"* m*i mul& s*u m*i #u+i"

o%ii"*l.

7%0% Spe"i,i"ul pe$sonalităţii .n tul+u$ă$ile in!use !e "onsuul !e al"ool la*:$sta a!oles"enţei


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37/128


!$8'ol&( o s$%i$ !$ s&%uc&u%i #o8i&i'$ s*u "$*&i'$ !$#$"!$"&$ !$ co"!i+iil$

/*c&o%ilo% $!uc*+io"*li soci*li ,i !$ c$l$ c$ +i" !$ !o75"!i%$* u"o% #*%&icul*%i&(+i

$%$!i&*%$.Con"oitent "u atu$ia$ea psi)olo#i"ă a pe$sonalităţii a$e lo" 1i

atu$ia$ea ei so"ială %Pe$sonalităţile iatu$e =sunt ,$e"*ente .n $:n!ul

"onsuato$ilo$ !e al"ool %

Mi$lu :l*&$ %$!( c5&$'* !i"&%$ c*%*c&$%is&icil$ #$%so"*li&(+ii im*&u%$ J

• %*"i+$ limi&*&$ *l$ Eului "$im#lic*&$ 4" !i'$%s$ *c&i'i&(+i

"$#*%&ici#*"&$ 4" mo! *u&$"&ic "u !o*% /i8ic ci ,i #si?oloic

• c$"&%*&$ #$ $l$ 4"s$l$ 4"c?is$ 4" $l$ 4"s$l$ #os$si'$ su/oc*"&$

$6clusi'is&$ Gc%$! c( "um*i $l$ *u &%(i& o *"umi&( $6#$%i$"+( !o%$sc

s( /i$ iu7i&$ !*% "u #o& !(%ui iu7i%$*H

• $mo+io"*l 8omo&o*s$ cu i87uc"i%i !$ m5"i$ ,i #*siu"$

4"&5m#i"5"! /%us&%(%il$ su"& *cu8*&o*%$ ,i *u&o*cu8*&o*%$

• mo!i/ic( %$*li&*&$* #$ c*%$ o %$/l$c&( #$"&%u * o *!*#&* &$"!i"+$lo% ,i

/*"&$8iilo% lo%

• su"& */$c&*&$ K#o8$*8( c*u&( s( l*s$ *l&$ im#%$sii *su#%* /o"!ului

lo% co"&%*%$ c$lo% #$ c*%$ l$ !$+i"

• *c+io"$*8( /luc&u*"& $8i&*"& 4" /u"c+i$ !$ si&u*+ii 4m#%$u%(%i.

Posi7ili&(+il$ %$!us$ !$ *!*#&*%$ ,i !$ i"&$%*%$ "$#u&i"+* !$ * s$ %*co%!* l*

s&%uc&u%il$ soci*l-#%o/$sio"*l$ ,i /%$c'$"&$l$ $,$cu%i ,i i"succ$s$ !$8*m(i%i

*"6i$&(+i #o& $"$%* com#o%&*m$"&$ "$/*s&$ !$'i*"+$ ,i c?i*% suici!.

La al"ooli"i = ,enoenele !e auto!es"ope$i$e = autoap$e"ie$e =

auto"unoa1te$e sunt .nsoţite !e insatis,a"ţii 1i !e iposi+ilitatea !e a-1i

3


38/128


*alo$ia p$op$iile "alităţi "opo$taentale 1i = .n ultiul $:n!= !u" la

ina!apta$e%

P$ l5"( co"!ui&$l$ "o%m*l$ c*%$ !$"o&( !im$"sio"*%$* $c?ili7%ului ,i

*!*#&(%ii l* *lcoolic *#*% 4" &im# co"!ui&$ *"o%m*l$ c*%$ s$ c*%*c&$%i8$*8( #%i"

$6#%im*%$* os&ili&(+ii "$*&i'ismului i"o%*"+( 4"c(lc*%$* u"o% %$uli !i"

"$cu"o*,&$%$* lo% s*u !i" "$%$*li8*%$* im#lic*+iilo% cu c*%$ s$ #o& sol!* *s$m$"$*

*&i&u!i"i ,i 4" /i"$ co"!ui&$ imo%*l$ c5"! s$ *u"$ l* 4"c(lc*%$* %$ulilo% ,i

"o%m$lo% soci*l$ . Ca u$a$e a !es,ă1u$ă$ii uno$ ast,el !e "on!uite = se

"onstituie a""epto$ii o$ali= "a$e pot !u"e la "on,li"t inte$io$ 1i ,$ust$aţie 1i se

e*i!enţieaă .n $olu$ile 1i statutele so"iale . P$ m(su%( c$ co"sumul !$ *lcool s$

*cu&i8$*8( ,i *#oi !$'i"$ c%o"ic i"!i'i!ul &%(i$,&$ *"6ios ,i !%*m*&ic %$l*+iil$ cu

c$i !i" u% i"&$%'i" o s$%i$ !$ m*"i/$s&(%i c$ c*! su7 i"ci!$"+* u"o%

com#o%&*m$"&$ s&%uc&u%*&$ !u#( u%m(&o*%$l$ &i#u%i !$ #$%so"*li&*&$ J

• * im*&u%i&(+ii #si?ic$ c5"! *!*#&*%$* $s&$ !i/icil( %$o*i$ li#si&(

#*%+i*l !$ %$*lism ,i cu *c+iu"i i"/*"&il$

• * !$8'ol&(%ii !i8*%mo"ic$ !omi"*&$ !$ *c+iu"i i"s&*7il$ l*7ili&*&$

*/$c&i'( im#ulsi'i&*&$ 7%u&*li&*&$ "$*&i'ism $oism os&ili&*&$

/*+( !$ c$i !i" u%

• * $'olu+i$i *s&$"ic$ !$ "*&u%( #si?o$"( 4" c*%$ !omi"( /o%m$ !$

?*"!ic*# cu c*%*c&$% %$*c&i' #%i" 'ul"$%*7ili&*&$* #$%so*"$i l*

co"sumul !$ *lcool

• * $'olu+i$i #si?o#*&ic$ c$ co"+i"$ o m*%$ !o8( !$ l*7ili&*&$ */$c&i'( ,i

&$"!i"+$ s#%$ m*"i/$s&(%i i"/%*c+io"*l$.

32


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Ac$s&$ s&%uc&u%i *l$ #$%so"*li&(+ii #o& l* *lcoolici $"$%* u%m(&o*%$l$

&ul7u%(%i !$ com#o%&*m$"& J &ul7u%(%i !$ com#o%&*m$"& #$ 7*8( !$ !$#%i'*%$

soci*l( G$,$cul 4" #%o/$si$ $,$c ,col*% o sl*7* co$8iu"$ /*mili*l( $&c.H &ul7u%(%i!$ com#o%&*m$"& #$ 7*8( !$ !$#%i'*%$ #si?ic( G!is&o%sio"(%i *l$ co",&ii"+$i

!$%*!*%$ #si?ic(H $&c.

E6is&( o #%(#*s&i$ *!5"c( 4"&%$ 'i$+il$ $c?li7%*&$ 4" *"s*m7lu G4" #o/i!* u"o%

$l$m$"&$ "$'%o&ic$ mi"o%$ H ,i 'i*+* *lcoolicului . Nu c*li&*&$* u"ui *c& !$ci!$

!$ci !*c( #$%so*"* $s&$ $s&$ s*u "u 'ic&im* *lcoolismului ci co$%$"+* mo!ul !$

s&%uc&u%*%$ !$ i"&$%*%$ * 4"&%$ii #$%so"*li&(+i $6#%im*& 4" c*#*ci&*&$* !$

*u&o%$l*%$ *u&o#$%/$c+io"*%$ *u&o%$*li8*%$ !$ i"&$%*%$ ,i $/ici$"+( soci*l(.


40/128


m*i 4"*l& !$ !$8'ol&*%$ #si?os$6u*l( c*%$ * *simil*& '*lo%il$ cul&u%*l$ ,i c*%$

m*"i/$s&( cu $6c$#+i* co"sumului !$ *lcool o %$s#o"s*7ili&*&$ ,i o com#$&$"+(

soci*l( co"si!$%*7il( $'oc( #$"&%u :i$l$% ,i 9lic G1@2H o #$%so*"( cu "i'$l !$!$8'ol&*%$ %i!ic*& *l c(%$i s&il !$ 'i*+( $s&$ c*%*c&$%i8*& !$ o o%i$"&*%$ 4m#o&%i'*

#%o#%i$i #$%so*"$.


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P$%so*"* c*%$ s$ *cc$#&( #$ si"$ #o*&$ &%(i co"/o%&*7il *cc$#&5"!u-,i

#u"c&$l$ &*%i ,i sl(7iciu"il$ /(%( s( s$ c%i&ic$ 4" #$%m*"$"+(.

A&u"ci c5"! "i'$lul *u&os&im$i $s&$ sc(8u& #$%so*"* *%$ o s$"8*+i$ !$ 'i!i"&$%io% #$ c*%$ 4"c$*%c( s(-l um#l$ *(+5"!u-s$ 4" mo! com#ulsi' !$ su#o%&u%i

$6&$%io*%$ c5"! *c$*s&( "$'oi$ !$ * um#l$ 'i!ul i"&$%io% !$'i"$ *u&om*&(

%$#$&i&i'( ,i #li"( !$ !is#$%*%$ *'$m !$ * /*c$ cu u" com#o%&*m$"& *!ic&i' c* 4"

c*8ul &o6icom*"i$i.

O *l&$%"*&i'( s("(&o*s( l* com#o%&*m$"&ul *!ic&i' $s&$ cul&i'*%$* *u&os&im$i

s*u m*i $6*c& * /o%+$i ,i 4"c%$!$%ii c*%$ i8'o%(sc !i" i"&$%io%. Au&os&im* "u s$

co"s&%ui$,&$ !i"&%-o !*&( ci %$#%$8i"&( u" #%oc$s com#l$6 ,i !$ !u%*&( 4" c*%$

$l$m$"&ul /u"!*m$"&*l 4l co"s&i&ui$ !o%i"+* ,i c*#*ci&*&$* su7i$c&ului !$ * *'$*

%i( !$ #%o#%i* #$%so*"(. Ac$*s&* 4"s$*m"( c( su7i$c&ul &%$7ui$ s( co",&i$"&i8$8$

"$'oil$ s*l$ /u"!*m$"&*l$ ,i s( /*c( !$m$%su%il$ "$c$s*%$ 4" '$!$%$* s*&is/*c$%ii

lo%.

C:te*a !int$e "auele autostiei s"ăute sunt p$eentate !e Bou$ne @&558 H

• Părinţi "ipercritici

Ac$,&i* c%i&ic*u &o& &im#ul co#ilul ,i 4i /i6*u s&*"!*%!$ com#o%&*m$"&*l$

$6c$si' !$ 4"*l&$ c*%$ "u /(c$*u !$c5& s( !$cl*",$8$ s$"&im$"&$ !$ cul#*7ili&*&$

co#ilul /ii"! co"'i"s c( "icio!*&( "u '* /i !$s&ul !$ 7u".

C* *!ul& u" *s&/$l !$ co#il '* co"&i"u* s( lu#&$ !i" %(s#u&$%i #$"&%u

#$%/$c+iu"$ ,i #$"&%u !$#(,i%$* u"ui s$"&im$"& !$ i"/$%io%i&*&$ *!5"c 4"%(!(ci"*&.

U" *s$m$"$* su7i$c& '* *'$* ,i o /o*%&$ #u&$%"ic( &$"!i"+( s#%$ *u&oc%i&ic(.• Pierderi semnificati'e suferite în copilărie

• Co#ilul c*%$ * #i$%!u& u" #(%i"&$ #%i" !$c$s s*u !i'o%+ '* !$8'ol&* u"

#u&$%"ic s$"&im$"& !$ *7*"!o" 'i! i"&$%io% ,i i"s$cu%i&*&$ s$"&im$"&$ c$

1


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'o% /i *cc$"&u*&$ !$ #i$%!$%il$ su/$%i&$ l* '5%s&* m*&u%i&(+ii . C* *!ul&

i"!i'i!ul %$s#$c&i' '* 4"c$%c* s( !$#(,$*sc( s$"&im$"&ul !$ *7*"!o"

!$'$"i"! $6c$si' !$ !$#$"!$"& !$ o *l&( #$%so*"( !$ *c&i'i&*&$* #%o/$sio"*l( *lim$"&$ *lcool s*u !%ou%i .

• Abu#ul parental

A7u8ul /i8ic ,i s$6u*l $6$ci&*& !$ #(%i"+i %$#%$8i"&( o #si?o&%*um( m*o%(

c*%$ #o*&$ co"!uc$ l* *#*%i+i* u"o% s$"&im$"&$ !$ i"*!$c'*%$ i"s$cu%i&*&$

"$5"c%$!$%$ 4" c$il*l+i cul#*7ili&*&$ ,i os&ili&*&$. A!ul+ii c*%$ *u su/$%i& *7u8u%i 4"co#il(%i$ #o& !$'$"i u" /$l !$ 'ic&im$ #$%m*"$"&$ s*u !im#o&%i'( !$8'ol&( o

*&i&u!i"$ os&il( /*+( !$ lum$ ,i 'i*+( &%*"s/o%m5"!u-i #$ c$il*l+i 4" 'ic&im$.


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*s$m$"$* #$%so*"( '* *'$* &$"!i"+$ *u&o!is&%uc&i'$ ,i s$ '* *u&os*7o&* 4"

#$%m*"$"+(.

• 1iperprotecţiaU" co#il ?i#$%#%o&$*& "u '* 4"'(+* "icio!*&( s( *i7( 4"c%$!$%$ 4" lum$* !i"

*/*%* c$%cului /*mili*l ,i "u-,i '* c5,&i* i"!$#$"!$"+*. L* '5%s&* *!ul&( o *s&/$l

!$ #$%so*"( '* *'$* s$"&im$"&ul i"s$cu%i&(+ii ,i s$ '* &$m$ s( s$ !$#(%&$8$ !$

locu%il$ siu%$ s*u !$ #$%so*"$l$ #$ c*%$ s$ #o*&$ 7*8*.

• Indul*enţa e&a*erată a părinţilor

Co#ilul K%(s/(+*& "u '* *'$* $6#$%i$"+* u"o% %*&i/ic*+ii *co%!*&$ !u#( m$%i&,i "ici #$ *c$$* * #%o#%iilo% s*l$ limi&$. A!ul+ii !$ m*i &5%8iu 'o% /i #$%so*"$ li#si&$

!$ #$%s$'$%$"+( 'o% !$8*%m* u,o% ,i 'o% 4"&5m#i"* !i/icul&(+i c5"! 'o% /i solici&*+i

s( !$#u"( $/o%&u%i 4"&%-o !i%$c+i$ s*u *l&*. Ei 'o% *,&$#&* c* c$il*l+i s( 'i"( 4"

4"&5m#i"*%$* lo% 4" loc s(-,i c%$$8$ #%o#%iul !$s&i". P$"&%u c( 'i*+* 4i #%i'$*8( !$

c$$* c$ l$-* o/$%i& 4" co#il(%i$ #$%so*"$l$ %$s#$c&i'$ s$ 'o% sim+i /o*%&$ "$siu%$ l*

'5%s&* *!ul&(.

R$m$mo%*%$* &%$cu&ului "u &%$7ui$ s( *i7( !%$#& o7i$c&i' 4"'i"o'(+i%$*

#(%i"+ilo% ci %$co"s&%ui%$* u"ui #%$8$"& c*%$ s( /i$ #%o#ic$ s("(&(+ii /i8ic$ ,i

#si?ic$ #$%so"*l$.

V*l$%iu C$*u,u lu5"! c* #u"c& !$ %$#$% im*i"$* !$ si"$ s&u!i*8(

$6#$%im$"&*l s*u #$ 7*8* u"o% *#%$ci$%i &$o%$&ic$ %$l*+i* !i"&%$ *c$*s&* ,i *&%i7u&$l$

%$*l$ *l$ #$%so"*li&(+ii !i"&%$ $* ,i im*i"$* !$s#%$ c$l(l*l& s*u !i"&%$ im*i"$* !$

si"$ ,i im*i"$* !$ si"$ *&%i7ui&( lumii .

La al"ooli"i = uneo$i = ia#inea !e sine este ult 1i ne


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e;istenţă= ,iin! .n a"ela1i tip #$eu !e a""eptat 1i !e tole$at !e "eilalţi% El .1i

"$eeaă 1i "$eeaă 1i "elo$lalţi #$a*e p$o+lee !e a!apta$e 1i inte#$a$e so"ială%

CAPITOLUL 2

ROLUL PSIOTERAPIEI CONITI'-COMPORTAMENTALEPENTRU AMELIORAREA AUTOSTIMEI ALCOOLICULUI

. EWH J

1. P$e#ăti$ea psi)ote$apeuti"ă pent$u "u$ă c$ *%$ !%$#& sco#J

• co",&i$"&i8*%$* &$"siu"ilo% $mo+io"*l$ c*%$ *u $"$%*& o7ic$iulco"sumului !$ *lcool

• s&*7ili%$* u"$i %$l*+ii &$%*#$u&ic$ cu 7ol"*'ul


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). Cu$a !e !einto;i"a$e Gs$'%*ul ,i co%$c&*%$* m$&*7olic(H 4" *c$*s&(

si&u*+i$ $s&$ "$c$s*%( s#i&*li8*%$* #$"&%u 3- s(#&(m5"i #$"&%u * #u&$* #$%mi&$

#%i'*%$* *7solu&( !$ *lcool m$!ic*+i* $u&imi8*"&( Gs$!*&i'$ &%*"c?ili8*"&$ "$u%ol$#&ic$ ?i#"o&ic$ u"$o%i *"&i!$#%$si'$H &%*&*m$"&ul &ul7u%(%ilo% ?$#*&o-

!i$s&i'$ ,i &%*&*m$"&ul s&(%ii c*%$"+i*l$

3. Cu$a !e sensi+ilia$e c*%$ u&ili8$*8( J

• *#omo%/i"* c$ %$*li8$8( u" %$/l$6 co"!i+io"*& !$ 'om( l* i"$s&i*

!$ *lcool• !isul/i%*m G*"&*lcoolH c*%$ 7loc?$*8( m$&*7oli8*%$* *lcoolului l*

s&*!iul !$ *c$&*l!$?i!( su7s&*"+( &o6ic( c$ !( o s$%i$ !$ $/$c&$

s$cu"!*%$

• m$&%o"i!*8ol m$!ic*m$"& c*%$ !$&$%mi"( %$!uc$%$* *#$&i&ului

#$"&%u *lcool .

. Post / "u$a "$c$si&( *7s&i"$+( &o&*l( u&ili8*%$* 8il"ic( * Z c*#sul( !$

!isul/i%*m ,i *sis&$"+( soci*l( ,i #si?o&$%*#i$ #os&-cu%(.

2%&% Con"eptul !e psi)ote$apie

Psi?o&$%*#i* #o*&$ /i *"*li8*&[ su7 u"?iul s$"sului s[u %$s&%ic&i' *l &$?"icii

s*u *l *&i&u!i"ii *l m$&o!$i !$ luc%u s*u *l *c&i'i&(+ii #si?o&$%*#$u&ului.

Te"nica psi"oterapeutic2 *%$ 4" '$!$%$ !$m$%sul !$li7$%*& sis&$m*&i8*& cu%$/$%i%$ l* u" *"umi& mo! !$ /u"c+io"*%$ m$"&*l[.


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Atitudinea psi"oterapeutic2 *%$ 4" '$!$%$ mo!ul co"c%$& !$ i"&$%'$"+i$

#si?oloic[ "$sis&$m*&ic[ ,&ii"+i/ic[ s*u $m#i%ic[ 4" c*!%ul #%*c&icii m$!ic*l$ s*u

#$!*oic$. Acti'itatea psi"oterapeutic2 i"clu!$ 4" s/$%* s* *&i&u!i"$* #si?o&$%*#$u&ic[

%$*li85"! &o&o!*&[ u" #*s s#%$ m$&o!* #si?o&$%*#$u&ic[. P$ !$ *l&[ #*%&$ *c&i'i&*&$*

#si?o&$%*#$u&ic[ *% *'$* s$"sul *&%i7ui& *c+iu"ii &$%*#$u&ului.

3etoda de psi"oterapie , c*%$ cu#%i"!$ *"umi&$ &$?"ici s$ 7*8$*8[ #$

comu"ic*%$* '$%7*l[ 4"&%-o %$l*+i$ !$ *u&o%*%$ !i"&%$ #*ci$"& ,i &$%*#$u& 4" sco#ul

*m$lio%[%ii sim#&om$lo% s*u 4m7u"[&[+i%$* *!*#&[%ii soci*l$. M$&o!* im#u"$

i"'$s&i*%$* !$ c[&%$ #si?o&$%*#$u& * #%o7l$m$lo% !$ 'i*+[ *l$ #*ci$"&ului ,i *

o%ii"ii !i/icul&[+ilo% 4" $6#$%i$"+* !$ 'i*+[ * *c$s&ui*.


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2%0% Te)ni"i 1i eto!e psi)ote$apeuti"e

T$?"icil$ c* ,i m$&o!$l$ !$ #si?o&$%*#i$ "u #o& /i cl*% !$limi&*&$ cu

co"+i"u& ,i mo!u%i !$ *c+iu"$ !is&i"c&$ ,i 7i"$ #%$ci8*&$. D$siu% $6is&[ s#$ci*li,&i

c*%$ sus+i" i"!i'i!u*li&*&$* ,i su#$%io%i&*&$* /i$c[%$i &$?"ici s*u m$&o!$ "ou

$l*7o%*&$ !u#[ cum $6is&[ !o'$8i "um$%o*s$ c[ *s&/$l !$ o#i"ii su"& 4" m*%$

m[su%[ "$/o"!*&$.

D$siu% "um[%ul m*%$ *l &$?"icilo% ,i m$&o!$lo% !$ #si?o&$%*#i$ * im#us

sis&$m*&i8*%$* lo% 4" /u"c+i$ !$ *"umi&$ c%i&$%ii 4" %5"!ul c[%o%* !is&i"$mJ

-m$&o!$ !$ #si?o&$%*#i$ o%i$"&*&$ $mo+io"*l s*u */$c&i'-m$&o!$ !$ #si?o&$%*#i$ o%i$"&*&$ i"&$l$c&u*l s*u co"i&i'.

Di" #u"c&ul !$ '$!$%$ *l !$m$%sului *#lic*&i' s$ !is&i" &$?"ici ,i m$&o!$ !$

#si?o&$%*#i$ 7*8*&$ #$ u%m[&o*%$l$ c%i&$%iiJ

• in'esti*ati'= #%$ocu#*&$ 4" mo! $s$"+i*l !$ co"o*,&$%$* o%*"i8[%ii

#si?ismului um*"

• etic$ c$ *u 4" '$!$%$ '*lo%il$ um*"$ ,i co%$l*& lo% "o%m$l$ ,i %$ulil$

com#o%&*m$"&ului um*"

• curati' , c*%$ u%m[%$sc 4" mo! !$cl*%*& u"i'oc ,i s&%ic& !i%$c+io"*&

$limi"*%$* sim#&omului ,i &$o%$&ic 'i"!$c*%$* #*ci$"&ului.

Su7 u" *"umi& u"?i #si?o&$%*#i* #%$su#u"$ #$"&%u #*ci$"& u" #%oc$s !$

4"'[+*%$ G* "o%m$lo% %$ulilo% co"!ui&$lo% !$8i%*7il$ * mo!ului !$ %$l*&io"*%$

* c*#*ci&(&ii !$ &$s&*%$ - * %$*li&(&ii - ,i !$ i"&$%*%$ 4" %$*li&*&$H #%oc$s c*%$ s$

%$*li8$*8[ #%i" J - i!$"&i/ic*%$ - co"!i+io"*%$ - cl*%i/ic*%$ Gi"si?&H.


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50/128


#si?o!%*m* mo%$"i*"( &$%*#i* /*mili$i socio&$%*#i* comu"i&*&$* &$%*#$u&ic(

%$soci*li8*%$*.

2%7% Te$apia "o#niti*-"opo$taentală 1i $olul ei .n aelio$a$ea autostiei

M*sloX G1@2H 4" 7i"$cu"oscu&* s* #i%*mi!( * &%$7ui"+$lo% !is&i"$ ci"ci

"i'$lu%i l* c*%$ s$ s&%uc&u%$*8( *c$s&$*J

T%$7ui"+$ !$ *u&o*c&u*li8*%$

G%$*li8*%$* !$#li"( * #o&$"+i*lului um*" 4m#li"i%$ #$%so"*l(H

T%$7ui"+$ !$ *u&os&im(

G%$s#$c& /*+( !$ si"$ s$"&im$"&ul %$*li8(%ii ,i m(i$s&%i$i #$%so"*l$H

T%$7ui"+$ !$ !%*os&$ ,i *#*%&$"$"+(

G"$'oi$ !$ */$c+iu"$ ,i su#o%& !i" #*%&$* c$lo%l*l+i i"&imi&*&$ H

T%$7ui"+$ !$ s$cu%i&*&$ G*!(#os& m$!iu siu%H

T%$7ui"+$ /i8ioloic$

G?%*"( *#( *$% som" s$6H

M*sloX su7li"i*8( /*#&ul c( s*&is/*c$%$* &%$7ui"+$lo% su#$%io*%$ $s&$

!$#$"!$"&( !$ 4"!$#li"i%$* c$lo% i"/$%io*%$.

0


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Bou%"$ G1@@H $s&$ !$ #(%$%$ c( u" #%im #*s #$ c*l$* co"s&%ui%ii *u&os&im$i 4l

%$#%$8i"&( co",&i$"&i8*%$* ,i s*&is/*c$%$* #%o#%iilo% &%$7ui"+$. P$"&%u /*cili&*%$*

co",&i$"&i8(%ii *u&o%ul #%$8i"&( o lis&( * #%i"ci#*l$lo% t$e+uinţe uane G4"&%$ c*%$"u su"& i"clus$ &%$7ui"+$l$ /i8ioloic$ !$ 7*8(HJ

1.Siu%*"+( /i8ic( ,i s$cu%i&*&$ #si?oloic(

). S$cu%i&*&$ /i"*"ci*%(

3. P%i$&$"i$

. A&$"+i$ !i" #*%&$* c$lo%l*l+i

. N$'oi* !$ * /i *scul&*& !$ *l+ii

. N$'oi* !$ 4"!%um*%$

. N$'oi* !$ %$s#$c&

2. N$'oi* !$ co"/i%m*%$

@. N$'oi* !$ * $6#%im* ,i 4m#(%&(,i s$"&im$&$l$

10. N$'oi* !$ *#*%&$"$"+(

11. N$'oi* !$ "u%&u%*"+( G"$'oi* c* *l&$ #$%so*"$ s( *i7( %i( !$

su7i$c&ul 4" c*u8(H

1). N$'oi* !$ co"&*c& /i8ic

13. N$'oi* !$ i"&imi&*&$

1. N$'oi* !$ $6#%im*%$ s$6u*l(

1. N$'oi* !$ loi*li&*&$ ,i 4"c%$!$%$

1. N$'oi* !$ *u&o4m#li"i%$

1. N$'oi* !$ #%o%$s ,i !$ *&i"$%$ * o7i$c&i'$lo% 12. N$'oi* !$ * s$ sim+i com#$&$"& 4"&%-u" *"umi& !om$"iu

1@. N$'oi* !$ * *!uc$ o co"&%i7u+i$

)0. N$'oi* !$ !is&%*c+i$ ,i oc

)1. N$'oi* !$ li7$%&*&$ ,i i"!$#$"!$"+(

1


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KC$ !o'*!( *m c( luc%u%il$ s&*u *s&/$l

KEs&$ *c$s& luc%u &o&!$*u"* *!$'(%*&

KO*%$ *m lu*& 4" co"si!$%*%$ &o*&$ *s#$c&$l$ #%o7l$m$i • Dialo#ul inte$io$ "u "a$a"te$ ne#ati* &%$7ui$ co"&%*c*%*& #%i" i"&$%m$!iul

*/i%m*+iilo% #o8i&i'$ c* !$ $6$m#lu J

KM( *cc$#& ,i c%$! 4" mi"$ *,* cum su"& .

KC%$! 4" #osi7ili&(+il$ m$l$ !$ * %$u,i.

KM$%i& %$s#$c&ul c$lo%l*l+i.

KNu $ "$'oi$ s( /iu #$%/$c& #$"&%u * m$%i&* !%*os&$* c$lo% !i" u%.

KS$"&im$"&$l$ ,i !o%i"+$l$ m$l$ su"& im#o%&*"&$.

R$*li8*%$* o7i$c&i'$lo% #$%so"*l$ co"&%i7ui$ l* 4"&(%i%$* *u&os&im$i. D$,i

%$*li8(%il$ $6&$%io*%$ "u 'o% #u&$* %$#%$8$"&* "icio!*&( 7*8* u"ic( #$ c*%$ s$

co"s&%ui$,&$ *u&os&im* &o&u,i *c$s&$* 'o% co"&%i7ui 4" mo! $'i!$"& l* c%is&*li8*%$*

o#i"i$i #$ c*%$ o *'$m !$s#%$ #%o#%i* #$%so*"(.


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• *mili*

• M$!iul !$ 'i*+(

• P%i$&$"ii

• C*%i$%*

• E!uc*+i*

• E'olu+i* #$%so"*l(

• Tim#ul li7$%

• Vi*+* s#i%i&u*l(.

O !*&( s&*7ili&$ o7i$c&i'$l$ su7i$c&ul &%$7ui$ s( $'*lu$8$ cu o"$s&i&*&$ c$

4"&%$#%i"!$ ,i c$ "u 4"&%$#%i"!$ #$"&%u %$*li8*%$* *c$s&o%*.


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D$#(,i%$* *c$s&o% &$m$%i s$ %$*li8$*8( #%i" *"*loi$ cu *l&$l$ !$ #il!(

/o7iil$ su7i$c&ul /ii"! "$'oi& s( s$ co"/%u"&$ cu &$*m* s* ,i s-o *7o%!$8$ 4"

#*,i mici. Al&$ o7s&*col$ c*%$ s$ #o& %i!ic* 4" c*l$* 4"!$#li"i%ii o7i$c&i'$lo% +i"!$ !om$"iul cul#*7ili&(+ii .


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AH Diensiune ,ii"ă

1. Im*i"$* !$s#%$ #%o#%iul co%#

• mul+umi%$* /*+( !$ #%o#%iul *s#$c& • c%$!i"+* c( c$il*l+i 4i %$s#$c&( !o*% #$ *c$i* c*%$ *%*&( 7i"$

• !o%i"+* !$ sc?im7*%$ * #%o#%i$i 4"/(+i,(%i.

BH Diensiunea psi)olo#i"ă

&% E;pe"tanţe J 9a"to$i oti*aţionali

• !o%i"+* !$ * *'$* succ$s ,col*% s*u #%o/$sio"*l

• *,&$#&*%$* !$ *#%$ci$%i !i" #*%&$* #%o/$so%ilo%Fsu#$%io%ilo%

• *,&$#&*%$* !$ *#%$ci$%i !i" #*%&$* /*mili$i

• *,&$#&*%$* !$ *#%$ci$%i !i" #*%&$* #%i$&$"ilo%

• s$"&im$"&ul u&ili&(+ii

• im#%$si* !$ K* s&%ic* &o& c$ $s&$ *&i"s

• im#%$si* !$ * /i o #$%so*"( %*&*&(.

0% n"$e!e$ea .n sine

• "$#u&i"+* !$ * /i s*&is/(cu& !$ #%o#%i* #$%so*"( 4" li#s* *#%$ci$%ilo%

c$lo%l*l+i

• cu%*ul 4" $6#u"$%$* #%o#%iilo% #(%$%( ,i o#i"ii

• c%$!i"+* c( #osi7il$l$ %$,$li "u !imi"u$*8( iu7i%$* s*u %$s#$c&ul

c$lo%l*l+i

• s$"&im$"&ul !$ !$8*m(i%$ #$%m*"$"&( * c$lo%l*l+i

• *u&o4"'i"ui%$*.

7% Consi!e$aţia ,aţă !e sine

• c%$!i"+* 4" !%$#&ul !$ * /i iu7i&


57/128


• c%$!i"+* 4" !%$#&ul !$ * /i /$%ici&

• c%$!i"+* 4" !%$#&ul !$ * /i %$s#$c&*&.

C Diensiunea so"ială

&% In,e$io$itatea J Supe$io$itatea ,aţă !e "eilalţi

• c%$!i"+* c( c$i !i" u% su"& m*i 7u"i F m*i %o8*'i

• c%$!i"+* c( o*m$"ii 4i %$s#$c&( !o*% #$ *c$i* c*%$ su"& !$,&$#+i

• c%$!i"+* c( o*m$"ii 4i %$s#$c&( !o*% #$ *c$i* c*%$ su"& 7o*+i

• c%$!i"+* c( o*m$"ii 4i %$s#$c&( !o*% #$ *c$i* c*%$ *u #u&$%$

• c%$!i"+* c( o*m$"ii 4i %$s#$c&( !o*% #$ *c$i* c*%$ *u #%$s&iiu.

0% De*ălui$ea sinelui

• cu%*ul !$ * s$ com#o%&* "*&u%*l "*&u%*l 4" %$l*+iil$ cu #%i$&$"ii

• c%$!i"+* c( K* /i &u 4"su+i 4"s$*m"( *-+i *&%*$ !$8*#%o7*%$*

c$lo%l*l+i

• !$8'(lui%$* #%o#%iilo% s$"&im$"&$ s*u $mo+ii c$lo% !i" u%

7% Atitu!inea ,aţă !e su""es J e1e"

• "$c$si&*&$* !$ * *'$* succ$s

• c%$!i"+* c( $,$cu%ilo% &$ /*c i"/$%io% c$lo%l*l+i

• 4"'i"ui%$* c$lo%l*l+i #$"&%u #%o#%iil$ $,$cu%i

• c%$!i"+* 4" * !$'$"i o #$%so*"( o #$%so*"( im#o%&*"&(.

2% Couni"a$ea inte$pe$sonală

• !o%i"+* !$ * sus+i"$ "$*#(%*& #%o#%iil$ #(%$%i

• %(7!*%$* !$ *-i *scul&* #$ c$il*l+i

• !o%i"+* !$ *-i co"'i"$ "$*#(%*& #$ c$il*l+i !$ u!$c*&* #%o#%iilo% */i%m*+ii.


58/128


8% Cola+o$a$ea "u "eilalţi

• #l(c$%$* !$ * luc%* 4" $c?i#(

• *u&o%ul *co%!*& c$lo%l*l+i

• com#o%&*m$"&ul *m*7il /*+( !$ c$il*l+i

• *cc$#&*%$* c%i&icilo%.

2


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PARTEA a II.a

ERETAREA E4PERI3E/TA5!

@


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CAPITOLUL 8

DESINUL CERCETĂRII

8%&% O+ie"ti*ele "e$"etă$ii

C$%c$&*%$* $/$c&u*&( u%m(%$,&$ s( su%#%i"!( c*%*c&$%is&icil$ s#$ci/ic$

*!ol$sc$"+ilo% co"sum*&o%i !$ *lcool .


61/128


8%0% Ipoteele "e$"etă$ii

1. S$ #%$su#u"$ c( $6is&( o co%$l*+i$ #o8i&i'( 4"&%$ %*!ul !$ !$8o%*"i8*%$

*l m$!iului -clim*&ul /*mili*l ,i %*!ul co"sumului !$ *lcool *l *!ol$sc$"+ilo%

). S$ #%$su#u"$ c( $6is&( o co%$l*+i$ #o8i&i'( 4"&%$ "i'$lul sc(8u& *l s&im$i !$

si"$ G*sum*& ,i %$cu"oscu& 4" /*mili$ c* #%o7l$m( !$&$%mi"*&( !$ co"sumul !$

*lcoolH ,i "i'$lul !isc%$#*"+$i 4"&%$ Eul R$*l ,i Eul I!$*l

3. S$ #%$su#u"$ c( $6is&( o co%$l*+i$ #o8i&i'( 4"&%$ %*!ul co"sumului !$

*lcool G!$&$%mi"*& #%i" !i*"os&ic ,i i"&$"si&*&$* m*"i/$s&(%ilo% cli"ic$H ,i s#$ci/icul

&ul7u%(%ilo% !$ #$%so"*li&*&$ . S$ #%$su#u"$ c( $6is&( o co%$l*+i$ #o8i&i'( 4"&%$ %*!ul co"sumului !$

*lcool ,i $/ici$"+* *!*#&(%ii G%$!*&( #%i" o#o%&u"i&*&$* %$8ol'(%ii si&u*+iilo% !$ 'i*+(

co&i!i*"( ,i #%i" c*li&*&$* #$%/o%m*"+$lo%H .

Ipoteele "e u$eaă a ,i testate statisti" p$esupun ,aptul "ă a"este

$elaţii sunt .nt$-o anuită ăsu$ă pon!e$ate 1i Jsau in,luenţate !e *a$ia+ile

le#ate !e st$u"tu$a 1i "alitatea $elaţiilo$ int$a-,ailiale .nt$e su+ie"ţii stu!iului

1i apaţinăto$ii a"esto$a%

8%7% Lotul pent$u "e$"eta$e

Lo&ul su#us c$%c$&(%ii * cu#%i"s u" "um(% &o&*l !$ 0 su7i$c+i *!ol$sc$"+i 30

#%o'$"i+i !i" /*milii o%*"i8*&$ Gl$*l co"s&i&ui&$H ,i 30 #%o'$"i+i !i" /*milii

!$8o%*"i8*&$ s*u !i" c$"&%$ !$ #l*s*m$"& ,i ,coli s#$ci*l$ G4" c*%$ su"&

i"&$%"*+iH.C$%c$&*%$* * /os& /(cu&( l* S#i&*lul !$ #si?i*&%i$ \S/5"&* M*%i*!i"

loc*li&*&$* V$!$* u!$+ul A%$, 4" S$c+i* !$ Psi?i*&%i$ * S#i&*lului u!$+$*" A%$,

S$c+i* !$ Psi?i*&%i$ * s#i&*lului C5m#ulu" Mu,c$l ,i 4" c*!%ul L*7o%*&o%ului !$

S("(&*&$ Mi"&*l( A%$,.

1


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Su7i$c+ii su#u,i c$%c$&(%ii *u /os& s$l$c&*+i !u#( c%i&$%iul \'5%s&( G$&*#* !$

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TABELUL &

T i p l o

t

S e ;

' : $ s

t ă Mediul de

provenienţă

Nivel socio-

cultural

Tipul

familiei

Gradul

consumului

de alcool

M F 16-20 20-25

r u r a l

u r b a n M !

" r # a n i $ a t ă

% e $ o r # a n i $ a t ă & M

Lotul

e;pe$iental

&? &0 &2 &3 &0 &? 5 &6 && &8 &8 &8 5 3

Lotul a$to$ &K &7 &8 &8 && &5 ? && && &8 &8 &8 5 3

Lo&u%il$ !$ c$%c$&*%$ su"& omo$"$ !i" #u"c& !$ '$!$%$ *l c%i&$%iilo%J

• Ti# !$ /*mili$Gclim*& i"&%*/*mili*lH

• V5%s&(

• S$6

• M$!iu !$ #%o'$"i$"+(

•

Ni'$l socio-cul&u%*l• 9%*!ul co"sumului !$ *lcool.

)


63/128


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sc*l$c?$s&io"*%ul .P.I. #u"( 4" $'i!$"+( u%m(&o*%$l$ 4"su,i%i !$ #$%so"*li&*&$ J NERVO:ITATEA A9RESIVITATEA DEPRESIA ECITABILITATEA

SOCIABILITATEA CALMUL TENDINŢA DE DOMINARE IN>IBIŢIA

IREA DESC>ISĂ ETRAVERSIA-INTROVERSIA LABILITATEA

EMOŢIONALĂ ;I MASCULINITATEA EMINITATEA.

DESCRIEREA SCALELOR

Ta+elul 0

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(scala) Semnificaţia scalei

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ridicate ale scalei

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S ; - E$oa$ea stan!a$! a e!iilo$

t - testul t-stu!entG

Co"/o%m i#o&$8$i "ul$ *!mi&$m c( "u $6is&( o co%$l*+i$ #o8i&i'( 4"&%$ %*!ul!$ !$8o%*"i8*%$ *l m$!iului -clim*&ul /*mili*l ,i %*!ul co"sumului !$ *lcool *l

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P$"&%u lo&ul !$ s&u!iu !u#( *#lic*%$* c?$s&io"*%ului !$ #$%so"*li&*&$%$i7u% ,i * sc*l$i !$ m$l*"coli$ B$c-R*/*$ls$" *m &%*"s/o%m*& co&$l$ m$!ii 4"

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referat alcoolism

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