redtacton report chetan

8/3/2019 Redtacton Report Chetan

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RedTacton

[Dept. of E&C, SCTIT] Page 1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Ni ppon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) is pursuing research and

development of an innovative Human Area Networking technology called RedTacton

that safely turns the surface of the human body into a data transmission path at speeds up

to 10 MB/s between any two points on the body. Using a novel electro-optic sensor,

NTT has already developed a small PCMCIA card-sized prototype RedTacton

transceiver.

RedTacton enables the first practical Human Area Network between body-

centered electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the

environment via a new generation of userinterface based on totally natural human actions

such as touching, holding, sitting, walking, or stepping on a particular spot. RedTacton

can be used for intuitive operation of computer-based systems in daily life, temporary

one-to-one private networks based on personal handshaking, device personalization,

security, and a host of other applications based on new behavior patterns enabled by

RedTacton. NTT is committed to moving RedTacton out of the laboratory and into

commercial production as quickly as possible by organizing joint field trials with partners

outside the company, underNTT's comprehensive producer program.

Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, when networks are

seamlessly interconnected and information is always accessi ble at our fingertips. The

practical implementation of ubiquitous services requires three levels of connectivity:

Wide Area Networks (WAN), typically via the Internet, to remotely connect all types of

severs and terminals; Local Area Networks (LAN), typically via Ethernet or Wi-Fi

connectivity among all the information and communication appliances in offices and

homes; and Human Area Networks (HAN) for connectivity to personal information,

media and communication appliances within the much smaller s phere of ordinary daily

activities-- the last one meter. NTT's RedTacton is a break-through technology that, for

the first time, enables reliable high-s peed HAN. In the past, Bluetooth, infrared

communications (IrDA), radio frequency IDsystems (RFID), and other technologies have

been proposed to solve the "last meter" connectivity problem. However, they each have

various fundamental technical limitations that constrain their usage, such as the


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precipitous fall-offin transmission speed in multi-user environments producing network

congestion.

RedTacton takes a different technical approach. Instead of relying on

electromagnetic waves or light waves to carry data, RedTacton uses weak electric fields

on the surface of the body as a transmission medium. A RedTacton transmitter couples

with extremely weak electric fields on the surface of the body. The weak electric fields

pass through the body to a RedTacton receiver, where the weak electric field affects the

optical properties of an electro-optic crystal. The extent to which the optical properties

are changed is detected by laser light which is then converted to an electrical signal by a

detector circuit.

According to Tom Zimmerman, inventor of the IBM personal networking system,body-based networking is more secure than broadcast systems, such as Bluetooth, which

have a range of about 10m.The issue is that with Bluetooth, it is difficult to rein in the

signal and restrict it to the device you are trying to connect to. But in a busy place there

could be hundreds of Bluetooth devices within range.

Moreover, body-based networking seems to allow for more natural interchanges

of information between humans, as only when you are in true proximity you can make

thissystem work. There are some specific applications that would appear as being ideal

matches for RedTacton-like technologies.

Fig. 1.1 Simple Applicationofa RedTacton


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Chapter 2

RedTacton

2.1 Whatistheneed?

Wired and wireless transmissions have a lot of factors to contri bute. The main

problem with this sort of transmission is the 'Packet Collision', which has been a huge

problem in the industry today. With this Packet Collision there has been lot of

disturbances and time delaysin the packet movement. The traffic from nodes and routers

is not properly managed thereby leading to disturbances and unsatisfaction among users.

So, there has been a need to develop a new technology.

RedTacton is a new Human Area Networking technology that uses the surface of the

human body as a safe, high s peed network transmission path. It is completely distinct

from wireless and infrared technologies asit uses the minute electric field emitted on the

surface of the human body. A transmission path is formed at the moment a part of the

human body comes in contact with a RedTacton transceiver. Communication is possible

using any body surfaces, such as the hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or torso.

RedTacton works through shoes and clothing as well. When the physical contact gets

separated, the communication is ended. Using RedTacton enabled devices; music from a

digital audio playerin your pocket would pass through your clothing and shoot over your

body to headphonesin your ears. Instead of fiddling around with a cable to connect your

digital camera to your computer, you could transfer pictures just by touching the PC

while the camera is around your neck. And since data can pass from one body to another,

you could also exchange electronic business cards by shaking hands, trade music files by

dancing cheek to cheek, or swap phone numbers just by kissing. Touch and action gives

TActon, and word Red a warm color to emphasize warm and cordial communications.This technology was developed by Japanese Company Nippon Telegraph and Telephone

Corporation.


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Chapter 3

TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

3.1 How It Works?

RedTacton uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the human

body. Technically, it is completely distinct from wireless and infrared. RedTacton is a

break-through technology that, for the first time, enables reliable high-speed HAN. In the

past, Bluetooth, infrared communications (IrDA), radio frequency ID systems (RFID),

and other technologies have been proposed to solve the "last meter" connectivity problem.

However, they each have various fundamental technical limitations that constrain

their usage, such as the precipitous fall-off in transmission speed in multi-user

environments producing network congestion.

1. RedTacton uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the humanbody. Technically, it is completely distinct from wireless and infrared.

2. A transmission path is formed at the moment when a part of the human bodycomes in contact with a RedTacton transceiver. Physically separating ends the

contact and thus ends the communication.

3. Using RedTacton, communication starts when terminals carried by the user orembedded in devices are linked in various combinations according to the user's

natural, physical movements.

4. Communication is possible using any body surfaces, such as the hands, fingers,arms, feet, face and legs. RedTacton works through shoes and clothing as well.

3.2 Basic Principles

The basic principles of RedTacton are

1. The RedTacton transmitterinduces a weak electric field on the surface ofthe body.

2. The RedTacton receiversenses changes in the weak electric field on thesurface of the body caused by the transmitter.


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3. RedTacton relies upon the princi ple that the optical properties of anelectro-optic crystal can vary according to the changes of a weak electric

field.

4.

RedTacton detects changes in the optical properties of an electro-opticcrystal using a laser and converts the result to an electrical signal in an

optical receiver circuit.

Fig. 3.2.1 Figure shows theworkingof the RedTacton device over the

surface of our body. The transmitting RedTacton device changes the

electric field on the surface of our body. This is sensed by the electric

field sensor and the variations are given to the receiving RedTacton

device.


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3.3 Working MechanismofRedTacton

The RedTacton will be embedded in various devices, contain a transmitter and

receiver built to send and accept data stored in a digital format. The transmittersends data

by inducing fluctuations in the minute electric field on the surface of the human body.

The naturally occurring electric field induced on the surface of the human body dissipates

into the earth. Therefore, this electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable.

Fig. 3.3.1 Figureshows thevariouselectric fieldson thesurfaceofour

body induced by the RedTactondevice. Onlyaportionof the inducedelectricfieldissensed bythereceiving RedTactondevice. Theremaining

electricfieldsaredissipatedtotheground.


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Data is received using a photonic electric field sensor that combines an electro-

optic crystal and a laser light to detect fluctuations in the minute electric field. The

naturally occurring electric field induced on the surface of the human body dissipatesinto

the earth. Therefore, this electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable. The photonicelectric field sensor developed by NTT enables weak electric fields to be measured by

detecting changesin the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal with a laser beam.

Fig. 3.3.2 Figure Illustratingthe TransferofData


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3.4 RedTacton Transceiver

Figure below shows the block diagram of a RedTacton transceiver. The signal

from the interface is sent to the data sense circuit and the transmitter circuit. The data

sense circuit senses the signal and if the data is present it sends control signal to the

transmitter which activates the transmitter circuit. The transmitter circuit varies the

electric field on the surface of our body. This change in the electric field is detected by

the electro-optic sensor. The output of the electro-optic sensor is given to the detector

circuit, which in turn given to the interface of the receiving RedTacton device.

Fig. 3.4.1 BlockDiagramofRedTacton Transceiver


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3.5 FunctionalFeatures

1. A communications path can be created with a simple touch, automaticallyinitiating the flow of data between a body-centric electronic device and a

computer that is embedded in the environment. For example, two people equipped

with RedTacton devices could exchange data just by shaking hands.

2. A wide range of natural human actions grasping, sitting down, walking, orstanding in a particular place can be used to trigger RedTacton to start a

networked process.

3.

Using a RedTacton electro-optic sensor, two-way communication is supported between any two points on the body at a throughput of up to 10 Mbps.

Communication is not just confined to the surface of the body, but can travel

through the user's clothing to a RedTacton device in a pocket or through shoes to

communicate with a RedTacton device embedded in the floor. Unlike wireless

technologies, the transmission speed does not deteriorate even in the presence of

large crowds of people all communicating at the same time in meeting rooms,

auditoriums or stores. Because the body surface is the transmission path,

increasing the number of connected users directly increases the available numberofindividual channels.

4. RedTacton can utilize a wide range of materials as a transmission medium, as longas the material is conductive and dielectric, which includes water and other

liquids, various metals, certain plastics, glass, etc.

Using ordinary structures such as tables and walls that are familiar and readily

available, one could easily construct a seamless communication environment at very low

cost using RedTacton. (Note that constraints are imposed by the length and environment

of the propagating conductor, and by the thickness of the dielectric.)


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3.6 Human Area Networks

In addition to the WANs (Internet) and LANs, there are applications best served

by Human Area Networks (HANs) that connect the last meter.

Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, where everything is

networked. By making Human Area Networks feasible, RedTacton will enable ubiquitous

services based on human-centered interactions and therefore more intimate and easier for

people to use.

Fig. 3.6.1 ExampleofHAN


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Chapter 4

FEATURES

4.1 TOUCH

Touching, gripping, sitting, walking, stepping and other human movements can be

the triggers for unlocking or locking, starting or stopping equipment, or obtaining data.

Using RedTacton, communication starts when terminals carried by the user or embedded

in devices are linked in various combinations through physical contact according to the

human's natural movements.

Fig.4.1.1 ExampleofTOUCH


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4.2 BROADBAND & INTERACTIVE

Duplex, interactive communication is possi ble at a maximum s peed of 10Mbps.

Because the transmission path is on the surface of the body, transmission s peed does not

deteriorate in congested areas where many people are communicating at the same time.

Taking advantage of thiss peed, device drivers can be downloaded instantly and execute

programs can be sent.

Fig.4.2.1 AboveFigures Shows Difference Between Wireless LAN and

RedTacton


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4.3 ANY MEDIA

In addition to the human body, various conductors and dielectrics can be used as

transmission media. Conductors and dielectrics may also be used in combination.

DI ELETRICS CONDUCTORS

(Signals pass through materials) (Signals travel along surface)

Fig.4.2.1 Media Types

A communication environment can be created easily and at low-cost by using items close

at hand, such as desks, walls, and metal objects. But there is one limitation on the length

of the conductor to be propagated, on installation locations, and on the thickness of the

dielectric to be passed through.


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Chapter 5

APPLICATIONS

5.1 Oneto One Services

With the ability to send attri bute data from personal information devices worn on the

body to computers embedded in the environment, one-to-one services could be implemented that

are tailored to the individual needs of the user.

5.2 EliminationofHuman Error

Fig.5.2.1 An Alarm Sounds Automaticallyto Avoid Accidental

Ingestion

RedTacton devices embedded medicine bottles transmit information on the

medicines' attributes. If the user touches the wrong medicine, an alarm will trigger on the

terminal he is carrying. The alarm sounds only if the user actually touches the medicine

bottle, reducing false alarms common with passive wireless ID tags, which can trigger

simply by proximity.


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Other ExamplesofSimilar Applications:

Alert and contact record at medical, long-term care, and childcare facilities.

Avoidance of risk at construction sites (an alarm sounds ifspecial equipment is handled

by anyone other than supervisors)

5.3 Device Personalization

Setup, registration, and configuration information for an individual user can all be

uploaded to a device the instant the device is touched, eliminating the need for the device

to be registered or configured in advance.

5.4 New Behaviour Patterns

Tables, walls, floors and chairs can all act as conductors and dielectrics, turning

furniture and other architectural elements into a new class of transmission medium. For

example, a user could have instant access to the Internet merely by placing a laptop onto a

conductive tabletop.

5.5 Marketing Applications

When a consumer stands in front of an advertising panel, advertising and

information matching his or her attributes is automatically dis played. By touching or

standing in front of items they are interested in, consumers can get more in-depth

information.

Fig.5.5.1 A Customer Touching The Advertising Panel And Getting

InformationAbout That Advertisement Through RedTacton Device


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5.6. Security Applications

Fig.5.6.1 User Verificationand Unlocking With Justa Touch

Carrying a mobile RedTacton-capable device in one's pocket, IDis verified and the door

unlocked when the user holds the doorknob normally. Secure lock administration is

possi ble by combining personal verification tools such as fingerprint ID or other

biometric in the mobile terminal.

1. RedTacton could be installed on doors, cabinets and other locations calling forsecure access, such that each secure access could be initiated and authenticated

with a simple touch. At the same time, all the transaction details and relevant user

attributes (personal identity, security clearance, etc.) could be logged by the

security system.

2. The transmitting and receiving electrodes of the RedTacton transceiver arecompletely covered with insulating film

3. When communication occurs, displacement current is generated by the electronsin the body because the body is subjected to minute electrical fields. However,

such displacement currents are very common everyday occurrences to which we

are all subjected.


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5.7. Intuitive Operations

Communication is triggered by totally natural human actions and behavior, so

there is no need to insert smart cards, connect cables, tune frequencies, or any of the other

inconveniences usually associated with today's electronic devices. Natural movements

and actions are the trigger. Theres no "operation" any more. Just intuitive human

interaction RedTacton transceivers embedded in two terminals can communicate not only

data but also the control or configuration instructions needed to operate devices. Cable

connections are eliminated. The body itselfis used as transmission medium.

Fig.5.7.1 Touch Printerto Print

Print out where you want just by touching the desired printer with one hand and a

PC or digital camera with the other hand to make the link Complicated configurations are

reduced by downloading device drivers "at first touch".


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Fig.5.7.2 Instantaneous Private Networkvia Personal Handshake

By shaking hands, personal profile data can be exchanged between mobile terminals on

the users. (Electronic exchange of business cards) Communication can be kept private

using authentication and encryption technologies.

5.8. Personalization

Digital lifestyle can be instantly personalized with just a touch. Setup, registration, and

configuration information for an individual user can all be uploaded to a device the

instant the device is touched, eliminating the need for the device to be registered or

configured in advance. A pre-recorded configuration script can be embedded in a mobile

terminal with built-in RedTacton transceiver. When another device with RedTacton

capabilities is touched, personalization data and configuration scripts can be downloaded

automatically.


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Fig.5.8.1 PersonalizationofMobile Phones

Your own phone number is allocated and billing commences. Automatic importing of

personal address book and call history.

The PC is configured to the user'sspecificationssimply by touching the mouse.

Room temperature and lighting are customized when a switch in the living room is

pressed.

Fig.5.8.1 Personalizationofautomobiles.Justsittingintheseattriggers

thecartoloadallitspresets, justthewayyoulike.

The seat position and steering wheel height adjust to match the driver just by sitting in the

car. The driver's home isset as the destination in the car navigation system. The stereo

plays the drivers favorite song.


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Chapter 6

COMPARISONS

6.1 Comparisonwith Other Networks

The chart below shows the positioning of RedTacton with res pect to existing

communication technologies. The focus on ubiquitous service has brought about the

shortening of distances in communication. RedTacton is positioned as the last 1m

solution to ultimate close-range communication. Wireless communication creates

connections when signals arrive, allowing for easy connections because connectors are

unnecessary. However, seen from another aspect, the arriving signals can be intercepted,

so security becomes an issue.

Wired communication transmits data between two connection points, so

interception is difficult and security can be considered to be high. However, connectors

and cables are a nuisance. Taking the above points in account, RedTacton is situated

directly between wireless and wired communication. In other words, RedTacton allows

for easy connection without connectors, while at the same time allowing transmission of

data only between two contact points. It thus has the feature of being difficult to intercept.

Fig. 6.1.1 Above Figure Shows The Comparison Of RED TACTON Device

With Other Networks With Respect To Distance.


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6.2 Comparisonwith Other CommunicationMethods

"Intra-body communication" using the human body as a transmission medium has

been reported, but the electric field/photonics method employed by RedTacton issuperior

to conventional methodsin terms of communication distance, speed, and interactivity.

P: Possible N: Not possible P*: Possible under certain conditions

Fig. 6.2.1 Comparison of Various Methods.


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Chapter 7

SYSTEM SAFETY

7.1 No Current Flowing Into the Human Body from

RedTacton Devices

RedTacton uses the electric field that occurs naturally on the surface of the human

body for communication. Transmitter and receiver electrodes are covered with an

insulating film. No current flowsinto the body from the RedTacton transceiver.

7.2 Displacement Current Occurring In The Body Is SmallEnough

There is no current flowing from the RedTacton transceiver; however, the body

indirectly receives a minute electric field. This causes electrons already present inside the

body to move, creating a minute dis placement current. This dis placement current is

similar to those occurring in everyday life.

7.3 RedTacton Conforms To the Safety Guidelines Of

Induced Current

RedTacton is in conformity to the "Radiofrequency-exposure Protection RCR

standard (RCR STD-38)" issued by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses

(ARIB).


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Chapter 8

DEVICE PROTOTYPES

Fig.8.1 Security Devices (Development Completed)


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Fig.8.2 Data Transmission Devices (in Development).


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Chapter 9

DRAWBACKS

1. Too costly.2. It has no compelling applications that arent already available.3. It can be useful within smaller distances.4. Needs to gain popularity.5. Needs widespread marketing campaigns and education.6. Not useful unless many people adopt it.


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Chapter 10

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

The need for artificial body implants to communicate with each other as well as to

report back to a portable device could have quite some value. In fact, according to other

researchers, the most important application for body-based networking may well be for

these type of communications within, rather than on the surface of, or outside, the body.

RedTacton technology is expected to dominate Bluetooth technology in the future.

RedTacton technology could put the use of cables to an end. The problem faced by the

RedTacton technology is the cost of development. This technology brings a new

dimension of communication which effectively links the user to anyone he wants tocommunicate. Since it provides high s peed communication, it can provide seamless

service wherever, whenever and whoever usesit.

RedTacton has a wide range of unique new functional features and enormous

potential as a Human Area Networking technology. NTT is committed to quickly

identifying and opening up those application areas with the most commercial promise for

RedTacton, a business development process to be coordinated under NTT's

Comprehensive Producer Function program.


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RedTactonChapter 11

REFERENCES

[1] T. G. Zimmerman, Personal Area Networks: Near-field intrabody communication,

IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 35, Nos. 3&4, pp. 609-617, 1996.

[2] T. Nagatsuma and M. Shinagawa, Photonic measurement technologies for high-

frequency electronics, NTT REVIEW, Vol. 14, No. 6,pp. 12-24, 2002.

[3] M. Shinagawa, Development of Electro-optic Sensors for Intra-body

Communicat

ion,

NTT Techn

ical Rev

iew, Vol. 2,

No. 2, pp. 6-11, 2004.

[4] M. Shinagawa, M. Fukumoto, K. Ochiai, and H. Kyuragi, A nearfield-sensing

transceiver for intra-body communication based on the electro-optic effect, IEEE Trans.

IM, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 1533-1538, 2004.

[5] M. Mizoguchi, T. Okimura, and A. Matsuda, Comprehensive Commercialization

Functions, NTT Technical Review, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 12-16, 2005.

[6] http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/st_j.html

[7] http://www.redtacton.com/

redtacton report chetan

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