Redhat Virtualization

By:Ankur VermaC.S.E- VI Sem0902710018A.K.G.E.C,Ghaziabad

Agenda

• Physical Vs Logical(Demo)• Virtualization: The What?• Virtualization: The How?• Virtualization: The Why?• Redhat Virtualization(Demo)

• Virtualization Vs. Virtualization

• Future

Physical Vs Logical

A demonstration for Logical Volume Manager (L.V.M) is suffice enough to give an insight of how great the things are if scaled ahead the physical boundaries…

• Commands required for configuration:Create the required partitions.

#fdisk /dev/sda

Create the physical volumes

#pvcreate /dev/sda{5,6,7}

Watch the pvsize and also the non usable size of the partition

#pvdisplay

Create volume group of the three partitions thus formed

#vgcreate vg0 /dev/hda{5,6,7}

#vgdisplay

create the logical volume of the volume group thus formed using command:

#lvcreate -L +50M /dev/vg0 -n lv0

#lvdisplay

We can even extend this logical volume thus formed using the following command depending upon our use:

#lvextend -L +25M /dev/vg0/lv0

Display the logical partition which actually exists for use:

#ls /dev/vg*

Finally after the partition is created:

mount a file system to it using command:

mkfs.ext3 -L /lvm_data /dev/vg0/lv0

Mounting it on a directory to use.

mount /dev/vg0/ /mnt

We are ready to store data into this logical volume.

Virtualization :

The Why?

In Past

One operating system on one machine , so ,the OS had complete control of the resources in that machine. Various applications would run on that machine, but these applications could affect each other.

Machine utilisation was very low, most times it was below 20%.

Even Now!!

Low server utilization, and

Overall increase in hardware cost, etc.

then came the era of

!!Virtualization!!

Virtualization :

The What?

Virtualization, in computing, is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, a storage device or network resources.

The usual goal of virtualization is to centralize administrative tasks while improving scalability and overall hardware-resource utilization.

Virtual Machine Monitor(or Hypervisor) Each virtual machine interfaces with its host system via the virtual machine monitor (VMM). Being the primary link between a VM and the host OS and hardware, the VMM provides a crucial role.

What a VMM Should Do??

OS and Apps in a VM don't know that the VMM exists or that they share CPU resources with other VMs

VMM should run protected from allGuest software

VMM should isolate Guest SW stacks from one another

VMM should present a virtual platform interface to Guest SW

x86 modes: Privilege Levels

• x86 processor’s segment-protection mechanism recognizes 4 privilege levels (0-high, 3-low level)

• The center (reserved for the most privileged code) is used for the segments containing the critical software, usually the kernel of an operating system.

• Outer rings are used for less critical software.

• The processor uses privilege levels to prevent a program or task operating at a lesser privilege level from accessing a segment with a greater privilege, except under controlled situations.

• Full Virtualization

• Para Virtualization

Virtualization Types:

Full Virtualization

Complete simulation of the underlying hardware.

Every salient feature of the hardware is reflected into one of several virtual machines – including the full instruction set, input/output operations, interrupts, memory access, and whatever other elements are used by the software that runs on the bare machine, and that is intended to run in a virtual machine.

Para Virtualization

presents a software interface to virtual machines that is similar but not identical to that of the underlying hardware.

The intent of the modified interface is to reduce the portion of the guest's execution time spent performing operations which are substantially more difficult to run in a virtual environment compared to a non-virtualized environment.

Virtualization :

The How?

Major Hypervisors

Xen : University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory

Fully open sourced Set of patches against the Linux kernel

VMware ESX : Closed source Proprietary drivers

VirtualBox: a free hypervisor from SUN Systems. Limited functionality

KVM: Most used Hypervisor in Linux.

Xen

•Hypervisor that supports x86, x86_64, Itanium, and ARM architectures.

•can run Linux, Windows, Solaris, and some of the BSDs as guests on their supported CPU architectures.

•can do full virtualization on systems that support virtualization extensions, but can also work as a hypervisor on machines that don't have the virtualization extensions.

Xen Vs KVM

• If you want to run a Xen host, you need to have a supported kernel.

• Though after kernel 2.6.23 ,linux has started to put in into the mainline.

KVM

• Hypervisor that is in the mainline Linux kernel.

• runs on x86 and x86-64 systems with hardware supporting virtualization extensions.

• KVM isn't an option on older CPUs made before the virtualization extensions were developed, and it rules out newer CPUs (like Intel's Atom CPUs) that don't include virtualization extensions.

• If you're getting a recent Linux kernel, you've already got KVM built in.

System RequirementsXen para-virtualization requirements•Para-virtualized guests require a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 installation tree available over the network using the NFS, FTP or HTTP protocols.

Xen full virtualization requirements

Full virtualization with the Xen Hypervisor requires:•an Intel processor with the Intel VT extensions, or

•an AMD processor with the AMD-V extensions.

KVM requirements

The KVM hypervisor requires:

•an Intel processor with the Intel VT and the Intel 64 extensions, or

•an AMD processor with the AMD-V and the AMD64 extensions.

Red Hat

Virtualization

Virtualization with Red HatRed Hat Virtualization provides a complete package of almost all types of virtualizations

1.Server/operating system virtualization integrated into kernel and OS platform(as KVM)

2.Storage virtualization: Global data Red Hat Global File System/CLVM

3.System management, resource management, provisioning

Red Hat Network

4.Application environment consistency with non-virtualized environments

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Platform

Shared Storage

Extend

• Server and storage virtualization extends across multiple systems

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Platform

A fully integrated server and storage virtualization environment

Multi Host/Instance Logical Volume Management

Multi Host/Instance Global File System

Multi Host/Instance Application Migration

Provides a complete virtualization platform

Server : Storage : Management

Simplifies deployment & manageability

Increases flexibility & scalability

Integrates server & storage virtualization no special hardware

Installing an Operating System

Options Available:

1)GUI(Graphical User Interface)

2)CLI(Command Line Interface)

Basic packages Installation

# yum groupinstall VirtualizationLibvirtqemu-kvmpython-virtinstvir-managervirt-viewer

The dependencies are configured automatically during the installation process.

GUI Installation

• Open the Virtual Machine Manager window. Select Applications System ToolsVirtual Machine Manager.

• Add a connection. Select File Add Connection. The Add Connection pop-up appears.

• Add a new Virtual Machine: Select Domainclick New

• Selecting Storage Location and Size:

• Selecting Virtual Network in Select Network:

• Selecting Memory and CPU Allocation

• Finalising the virtual machine creation

Working with our newly created virtual machine

CLI Installation

#virt-install --prompt

Open Source Virtualization

:Future?

Virtualization – It's gonna be even better!

• Multiple Hypervisor Support(Xen, KVM, ....)

• Even better deploymentCobbler – next gen. Installation server

• More managebleoVirt (free platform virtualization management web application software developed by Red Hat)

VMware Vs. VirtualBox Vs. KVM

Domains for comparison:

•Device Support

•Ease of use

•Installation

•Administration

•Look & Feel

•Performance

•Licensing and Support

I/O Performance Comparison

On Scale of 5(best)

How’s That!!!

?

Target

• The Enthusiasts

• The Architects

• The Executives

• The Followers

References

Websites:•http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Virtualization/

•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen

•http://xen.org/

•http://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=Ubuntu_10.04&p=kvm

•http://www.linuxforu.com/2011/09/vmware-player-virtualbox-kvm-virtualization-comparative-review/http://www.linuxforu.com/2011/09/vmware-player-virtualbox-kvm-virtualization-comparative-review

/

•https://www.linux.com/news/enterprise/systems-management/327628-kvm-or-xen-choosing-a-virtualization-platform

Persons

•Mr. Abhay Verma, IT (VIII Sem), AKGEC

•Mr. Saurabh Singh

SENIOR ASSOCIATE , Headstrong Corporation Ltd

reportsaurabh@gmail.com,

Contd..

Documents and Books:

•Xen and the Art of Virtualization

Paper by:

Paul Barham, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory

•Fedora Bible: 2010 Edition

By: Wiley Publication

• Virtualization Guide: Red Hat Virtualization

Copyright © 2007 Red Hat, Inc.

!!Queries!!