•Red is allele for Fur•Represented by R•Dominant Trait

•White is Allele for No fur•Represented by r•Recessive trait

Breeding Bunnies!

Directions:1.Work in pairs2.Place beans (representing gene pool) on plate3.One partner will randomly select 2 beans4.The other partner will record what beans are selected, thus what rabbits would be born5.Place tally in correct box until all beans are selected6.Calculate number of alleles7.Stop after the first breeding season

Winter hits our population of rabbits!!!

All rabbits that are born without fur do not survive the winter : (

They do not pass on their genes to the next generation of rabbits

Place these genes in the “dead” pile

BEGIN NEXT BREEDING SEASON WITH REMAINING GENES!

Of all the wolves that might survive, a non random sample -- the fleetest of foot, the canniest of wit, the sharpest of sense and tooth -- are the ones that do survive and pass on their genes (86)

Early ideas about evolution

Europe in the 1700’sSpecies were permanent and unchangingEarth was only thousands of years oldScientists began to present evidence that

that species have changed over time and earth is much older then previously thought.

Aristotle believed species were fixed creations arranged by their complexity

Idea Lasted 2000 years

Early ideas about evolution

Others thought that the unusual organisms then known only as fossils must still survive in unexplored parts of the worldThomas Jefferson - Speculated that

mammoths might yet be found living in the American wilderness.

Some scientists interpreted fossils as remains of living species

Fossil mammoths found in Italy were interpreted as the remains of the elephants brought by Hannibal when he invaded Rome.

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

“Why has not anyone seen that fossils alone gave birth to a theory about the formation of the earth, that without them, no one would have ever dreamed that there were successive epochs in the formation of the globe."

Ideas about Geology

By the 1800’s Scientists began to study strata

Strata are formed as layers of rock are deposited over time

In general, lower layers form first and are the oldest

Different rock layers have different kinds of fossils

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

Spent years reconstructing the appearance of unique organisms from fossil bones

Gave convincing evidence that organisms that lived in the past differed greatly then living species

Cuvier's most crucial and longest-lasting contribution to biology was establishing extinction as a fact.

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

"We have monuments taken from the bosom of the Earth, especially from the bottom of coal and slate mines, that demonstrate to us that some of the fish and plants that these materials contain do not belong to species currently existing."

Cuvier found many “sudden” changes in the kinds of organisms found in one layer of strata to the next

Catastrophism – sudden geologic events caused extinction of large groups of organisms at points in the past

Contributed to the scientific acceptance that geologic change and extinction occurred

Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Lyell rebelled against the prevailing theories of geology of the time

He thought the theories were biased and based on the interpretation of the book of Genesis.

Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Lyell thought it would be more practical to exclude sudden geological catastrophes to vouch for fossil remains of extinct species

Therefore it was necessary to create a vast time scale for Earth's history.

Proposed that Earth was millions of years old instead of a several thousands

This concept was called uniformitarianism

Change is typically slow, steady, and gradual.

This is in contrast to catastrophism

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)

Organisms are not passively altered by their environment

A change in the environment causes changes in the needs of organisms living in that environment

All such changes were heritable

Result of these laws was the continuous, gradual change of all organisms, as they became adapted to their environmentsTendency Toward Perfection- Organisms Are

Continually Changing and Acquiring Features That Help Them Live More Successfully In Their Environment

Change in the

environment

Change of needs of organism

Change in behavior of organism

Less use of structure or

organ

Greater use of structure

or organ

Increase in size over several

generations

Decrease in size over several generations, may even disappear

Lamarck’s theory of evolution

Inheritance Of Acquired TraitsTraits Acquired During Ones Lifetime Would Be

Passed To Offspring

Clipped ears of dogs could be passed to offspring!

Inheritance of acquired traits

Rejected by many scientists of the time

Not supported by modern scientific study of the mechanisms of inheritance

Genes Are NOT Changed By Activities In Life