record industry 15
DESCRIPTION
MUS 419 Chadron State CollegeTRANSCRIPT
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Recording Industry
Chapter 15
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Recording History
1877 Edison invents cylinder recording 1887 Emile Berliner patented
gramophone, 1890 first lateral-cut disks, 1893 formed United States Gramophone Company
1894 1st commercial recording 1901 Victor Talking Machine Co.
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History cont.
1917 1st Jazz Recording 1924 Bell Labs invents electrical
recording process: range 100-5,000 Hz 1930s Great Depression, Sales Drop
90%, Jukebox growths helps industry 1939 Decca markets low cost 35 cent
recording
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History cont. 1942-45 AF of M strike Late 1940s one-stops (distributors with all
labels); Independent Labels grow 1948 33 1/3 RPM record & 45 RPM born 1950s TV takes over, Radio stations fire
live bands & use recorded music. 1953 - Les Paul perfects multi-track
recording machine
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History cont
1955 Columbia Record Club 1957 Rack Jobbing begins 1958 Stereo introduced. Listening booths
disappear. 1960s NARM National Association of
Record Merchandisers. Major labels begin to reclaim market.
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History cont.
1970s - Independent Producers grow. 16-24 track recorders & synthesizers
1980s - Disco bust, MTV & Video Clips, CDs
1990s - DAT approved, internet begins to effect distribution.
2000 - MP3s, Napster, iPod, iTunes
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Major Labels
“their own distribution system” Own manufacturing facilities, lower costs Well financed international corps. Can sign more artists for more money Can promote at $100,000 per single 1 in 5 recoup Can ride out continued losses
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Independent Labels
Must rely on various distributors, money slow in returning up the pipeline
Closer to street level, release new styles earlier than majors
Can serve a niche market with loyal following
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Specialty Labels
Specific demographic - classical (Nonesuch & Deutsche Grammophon), Folk & ethnic (Folkways)
DIY - Do It Yourself. Sell from the stage or a web site
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Major Labels
Universal Music Group - 29.59% Sony/BMG - 28.46% Warner Music Group - 14.68% EMI Music Group - 9.91%
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Universal
Interscope/Geffen/A&M Island Def Jam Music Group Motown Universal Music Nashville Universal Records Verve Music Group Universal Classics Group
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Universal cont
Universal Music Enterprises Universal Music Latino Island Records Group (UK) Mercury (UK) Polydor (UK)
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Sony Arista Records BMG/Classics BMG Heritage BMG International Companies Columbia Records Epic Records J Records Legacy Recordings
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Sony cont RCA Records RCA Victor Group RLG Nashville Sony Classical Sony Music International Sony Music Nashville Sony Wonder Sony Urban Music
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Warner Music Group
Asylum Records Atlantic Records Group East West Warner Bros. Records Inc Warner Music International Warner Strategic Marketing
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EMI Music Group Angel Records Blue Note Records Capitol Records US Capitol Records Nashville EMI Latin EMI Christian Music Group Narada Priority Records Virgin Records America
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Administrative Structure
Executive (CEO, COO, CFO, General Manager) - Lawyers or Producers
A&R (Artist & Repertoire) - sign talent, listening to demos, visiting clubs & showcases. After signing guide project through
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Structure cont.
Distribution/Sales - get product into stores and one-stops
Marketing - Radio Promotion (visit stations, appearances, interviews, etc.), Video Promotion, Publicity (manage media coverage, articles & interviews), Advertising (ads in national and trade press, etc.) ,
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Structure cont.
Creative Services (design products, album art, posters), Production Dept (oversee various steps), Product Manager, Special Products (licensing requests, repackaging back catalog)
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Structure cont.
International Dept - foreign sales and affiliates
Business & Legal Affairs - copyrights, contracts, etc.
Accounting - royalties, budgets, reports Publishing Affiliates - all companies have
a BMI & ASCAP publisher
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Trade Associations
NARAS (National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences - Grammy Awards
RIAA - Record Industry Association of America
NARM - National Association of Record Merchants