Reconstruction 1865-1877

Reconstruction- period during which the U.S. began to rebuild after the Civil War

13th Amendment-1865 Abolished slavery

Plans for re-admission to the Union

Lincoln’s Plan- 10% Plan Pardon all Confederate soldiers except Officers

and those accused of war crimes Must swear allegiance to Union 10 % allegiance = New State Government

Send Reps to Congress

Plans for re-admission to the Union

Radical Republicans Destroy political power of former slave holders African Americans full citizenship Right to vote

Congressional Plan 5 Military Districts Granted African American men right to vote Ratify 14th Amendment in order to re-enter

Union- citizenship

Plans for re-admission to the Union

Johnson’s Plan Used Lincolns plan except

Excluded Officers and wealthy Plantation owners from oath of allegiance for voting privileges

Northern Politics

President Johnson v. Congress Civil Rights Act of 1866-

gave citizenship Forbade states from passing discrimination laws

Johnson vetoed Act Congress over-rode veto

1st Legislation enacted over Presidential Veto

14th Amendment- 1866 States could not deny rights to citizens Defined citizen as “all persons born or naturalized

in US”

Impeachment

Tenure of Office Act- Cabinet officers couldn’t be removed during term

of President that appointed them without 2/3 of Congress consent

Johnson believed Unconstitutional Fired Sec. of War Stanton

Impeached for not upholding Act Senate found Johnson NOT guilty

1868 Presidential Election

Ulysses S. Grant 1868 elected President Won by 306,000 votes 500,000 African Americans voted

15th Amendment-1870 No person can be kept from voting because

of “race, color, of previous condition of servitude.”

Southern Politics

3 main groups Scalawags

Southerners that supported union during war Anti-slavery, anti-plantation

Carpetbaggers Northerners that moved to south Economic reasons

African Americans 90 % black men voted 1868 Ran for public office

Southern Economy

Resources and land destroyed Confederate War Bonds- Worthless Population

1/5 men dead

Public Works Programs

Built roads, bridges Orphanages and Mental Hospitals 1st public school system in South Raised taxes (Slowed recovery)

The Collapse of Reconstruction

Ku Klux Klan

Goals of the KKK

Political Destroy Republican party Throw out Reconstruction Government Prevent Blacks from voting

Economic Forced landowners to work for whites Couldn’t work outside agriculture Refused to hire or do business if voted

Republican

Collapse of Reconstruction

Enforcement Acts of 1870 Federal Supervision of elections Pres. had power to use Federal Troops in

active KKK areas Amnesty Act- 160,000 former Confederates

Regained right to vote Regained right to hold office

Election of 1876

Rutherford B Hayes- Republican Samuel J Tilden- Democrat

Won popular vote 1 vote short in Electoral college

Compromise of 1877 Hayes wins if….. Withdrawal of federal troops in south