ReconstructionReconstruction

The BIG concept►EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR

[1865-1877]Nationalism won out over sectionalism.

There were 3 plans for Reconstruction Abraham Lincoln had thought about the process of restoring the Union from the earliest days of the war. His guiding principles were to accomplish the task as rapidly as possible and ignored calls for punishing the South.

1) Lincoln’s plan more lenient (assassinated)• A general amnesty would be granted to

all who would take an oath of loyalty to the United States and pledge to obey all federal laws pertaining to slavery

• High Confederate officials and military leaders were to be temporarily excluded from the process

• When one tenth of the number of voters who had participated in the 1860 election had taken the oath within a particular state, then that state could launch a new government and elect representatives to Congress.

• The states of Louisiana, Arkansas and Tennessee rapidly acted to comply with these terms. However, the Lincoln plan was not acceptable to Congress.

2) Johnson’s Plan► Johnson from TennesseeJohnson from Tennessee►Pardons would be granted to those Pardons would be granted to those

taking a loyalty oath taking a loyalty oath ►No pardons would be available to high No pardons would be available to high

Confederate officials and persons Confederate officials and persons owning property valued in excess of owning property valued in excess of $20,000 $20,000

►A state needed to abolish slavery A state needed to abolish slavery before being readmitted before being readmitted

►ratification of 13th Amendment (abolished slavery)

►A state was required to repeal its A state was required to repeal its secession ordinance before being secession ordinance before being readmitted. readmitted.

►Most of the seceded states began Most of the seceded states began compliance with the president’s compliance with the president’s program. Congress was not in program. Congress was not in session, so there was no immediate session, so there was no immediate objection. However, Congress objection. However, Congress reconvened in December and reconvened in December and refused to seat the Southern refused to seat the Southern representatives.representatives.

► Reconstruction had produced Reconstruction had produced another deadlock between the another deadlock between the president and Congress.president and Congress.

3) Radical Republican plan-much more harsh.

►They blamed South for war. 1-South divided into five occupied

military districts 2-each state had to ratify 14th (citizenship) and 15th (voting

rights) Amendments (13,14,15 often called Civil War Amendments)

3-had to write new constitution giving black males the right to vote

The Slavery AmendmentsThe Slavery Amendments►1313thth: slavery abolished: slavery abolished►1414thth: former slaves allowed to be : former slaves allowed to be

citizens; all rights grantedcitizens; all rights granted►1515thth: black males given the right to : black males given the right to

votevote

The Impeachment of The Impeachment of Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson

► The Radical Republicans organized an The Radical Republicans organized an effort in Congress to impeach the president effort in Congress to impeach the president as a payback for resisting their programs. as a payback for resisting their programs. violating of the Tenure of Office Actviolating of the Tenure of Office Act Pardoning of traitors (presumably Pardoning of traitors (presumably

Confederate officials) Confederate officials) Impeding the ratification of the 14Impeding the ratification of the 14thth

AmendmentAmendment Conspiring in the assassination of Lincoln Conspiring in the assassination of Lincoln

► The vote in the Senate was 35-19 for The vote in the Senate was 35-19 for conviction, one vote short of the necessary conviction, one vote short of the necessary two-thirds.two-thirds.

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

Reconstruction Act of 1867►Creation of five military districts in the

seceded states ►Each district was to be headed by a military

official empowered to appoint and remove state officials

►Voters were to be registered; all freedmen were to be included as well as those white men who took an extended loyalty oath

►State constitutional conventions, comprising elected delegates, were to draft new governing documents providing for black male suffrage

►States were required to ratify the 14th Amendment prior to readmission.

Life in the SouthLife in the South

►Loss of life and Loss of life and property ($4 property ($4 billion)billion)

►Economic Economic devastation of devastation of the Souththe South

Interior of Fort Sumter after the war

PovertyPoverty►What does What does

poverty poverty mean?mean?

►What are What are some of the some of the interesting interesting details you details you see in this see in this picture?picture?

Atlanta: 1865

►Freedman’s Freedman’s Bureau-Bureau- helped blacks helped blacks with new with new freedoms—freedoms—education and education and jobs; also jobs; also helped with helped with food, clothing, food, clothing, sheltershelter..

►Appearance of Appearance of SCALAWAGS SCALAWAGS

and and CARPETBAGGERCARPETBAGGER

SS

1876 Election1876 Election

Rutherford B. Hayes (OH)Republican

Samuel J. Tilden (NY)Democrat

Peter Cooper (NY)

Greenback

Controversy EruptsControversy Erupts► Each of the states with disputed votes had Each of the states with disputed votes had

submitted two sets of electoral ballots, submitted two sets of electoral ballots, one favoring Tilden, the other Hayes. one favoring Tilden, the other Hayes.

► The Constitution had not foreseen this The Constitution had not foreseen this event and offered no remedy. event and offered no remedy.

► Possibility of war.Possibility of war.► Congress opted to appoint an "impartial" Congress opted to appoint an "impartial"

Electoral CommissionElectoral Commission to find a solution. to find a solution.

Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877►An informal agreement between An informal agreement between

the two parties, sometimes the two parties, sometimes called the "called the "Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877," convinced the Democrats that ," convinced the Democrats that they should accept the they should accept the Commission's 8-7 vote, which Commission's 8-7 vote, which made Hayes the new president.made Hayes the new president.

Election of 1876Candidates

Party

Electoral Vote

PopularVote

Rutherford B. Hayes (OH)William A. Wheeler (NY)

Republican 185 4,034,311

Samuel J. Tilden (NY)Thomas A. Hendricks (IN)

Democratic 184 4,288,546

Peter Cooper (NY)Samuel F. Cary (OH)

Greenback 0 75,973

Black Codes aka Jim Crow Black Codes aka Jim Crow LawsLaws

►Systematic practice of promoting the Systematic practice of promoting the separation of African Americans from separation of African Americans from white societywhite society

►Why would this happen in the South Why would this happen in the South during Reconstruction?during Reconstruction?

►Why would it be ignored?Why would it be ignored?►Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964►Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965

Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.

► Rosa Parks► December 1,

1955