RECONSTRUCTING RECONSTRUCTING THE PASTTHE PAST

We will identify major causes and describe the major effects of the We will identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following events from 8000 BC to 500 BC: the development of agriculture following events from 8000 BC to 500 BC: the development of agriculture and the development of the river valley civilizations (1A)and the development of the river valley civilizations (1A)

Identify the characteristics of civilizationIdentify the characteristics of civilization (2B)(2B)

Identify methods used by archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and Identify methods used by archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and geographers to analyze evidence (29A)geographers to analyze evidence (29A)

Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution (17A) CLOSING TASKRevolution (17A) CLOSING TASK

PREHISTORYPREHISTORYCharacteristics of the Paleolithic, Characteristics of the Paleolithic,

Mesolithic, and NeolithicMesolithic, and Neolithic

define: pre·his·tor·icdefine: pre·his·tor·ic    Of, relating to, or Of, relating to, or

belonging to the belonging to the era before the era before the creation of creation of writing and/or writing and/or

recorded history.recorded history.

So, how do we know about the caveman if they didn’t keep written records?

Archeologists, AnthropologistArcheologists, AnthropologistHistorian, GeographersHistorian, Geographers

BonesBones Carbon datingCarbon dating Cave paintingsCave paintings PotteryPottery WeaponsWeapons SoilSoil

Look on page 13

ICE AGEICE AGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=L02XRHbqSE4 v=L02XRHbqSE4 What are some challenges the early humans What are some challenges the early humans

would have had to face during the Ice Age would have had to face during the Ice Age (Paleolithic Age)?(Paleolithic Age)?

Nomadic Life issues = Shelter, Food, Drinking Water, Warmth/ Clothing, Protection from Predators, etc…

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic AgeBackgroundBackground HominidsHominids- are creatures - are creatures

that walk upright on 2 legs that walk upright on 2 legs and opposable thumbsand opposable thumbs

Hominids originated in in Hominids originated in in Africa Africa

Lived during the Stone Lived during the Stone Age and Ice AgeAge and Ice Age

They where They where nomadic nomadic cavemen/women cavemen/women following their food with following their food with no permanent place to call no permanent place to call homehome

Characteristics of PALEOLITHIC AGE (Old Stone Age) 2 million BC

Kept fires goingKept fires going Made Made tools tools and and weaponsweapons

out of out of bone--bone--Chipped stone Chipped stone (flint or obsidian) example (flint or obsidian) example fishhooks made of bonefishhooks made of bone

Developed club, spear, and Developed club, spear, and bolabola

Primitive religion Primitive religion Development of languageDevelopment of language Lived in clans Lived in clans Used animal skins for Used animal skins for

warmthwarmth

Women and men had different jobs Women and men had different jobs but were seen a equalsbut were seen a equals

Lived in caves, dugouts, or treesLived in caves, dugouts, or trees Hunter/GatherersHunter/Gatherers

Neolithic Age – 8000BC to 3000BCNeolithic Age – 8000BC to 3000BC Definition – New Stone Age ( farming, irrigation, and the Definition – New Stone Age ( farming, irrigation, and the

development of communities)development of communities) BC time period is negative years – the closer you get to zero BC time period is negative years – the closer you get to zero

the small the number becomesthe small the number becomes

20 minutes20 minutes

STOPGet into groups of four and research what

methods are used to analyze evidence by the following

Archeologists, AnthropologistHistorian, Geographers

Anthropologists and Anthropologists and ArchaeologistsArchaeologists

AnthropologyAnthropology is the is the study of the origins and study of the origins and development of people development of people and their societies.and their societies.

ArchaeologyArchaeology is a is a specialized branch of specialized branch of anthropology.anthropology.

Archaeologists (artifacts, fossils, excavations, etc.)Anthropologists (fieldwork, analysis of written records, DNA, etc.)

Historians and GeographerHistorians and Geographer HistoriansHistorians rely rely

primarily on written primarily on written evidence to determine evidence to determine how people lived in the how people lived in the past.past.

Today, historians study Today, historians study such evidence as such evidence as photographs and film, photographs and film, as well as written as well as written documents such as documents such as letters and tax records. letters and tax records.

GeographerGeographer studies the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth including physical characteristics, the surface features, and the effects of human activity

Historians (primary sources, secondary sources, oral history, etc.)Geographers (GIS, satellite images, different types of maps, etc.)

Interesting Fact:Interesting Fact:Neolithic people in many parts of the world Neolithic people in many parts of the world

independently developed agriculture.independently developed agriculture.

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution(New Stone Age)(New Stone Age)8000 BC8000 BC

Climate change (temperature Climate change (temperature rise)rise)

Development of AgricultureDevelopment of Agriculture Domestication of animals/ Domestication of animals/

herdingherding IrrigationIrrigation Metal workMetal work

Because of the changes above list Because of the changes above list some things that would alter in day to some things that would alter in day to day life.day life.

Changes in society/villages do to the Changes in society/villages do to the Neolithic Revolution- 8000 BCNeolithic Revolution- 8000 BC

Food surplusFood surplus Population growthPopulation growth Advancement in cities/ communitiesAdvancement in cities/ communities TradeTrade Specialized worksSpecialized works Complex institutions-examples governmentsComplex institutions-examples governments

Why would the transitioning to agriculture and living in Why would the transitioning to agriculture and living in villages increase the need to develop a form of government?villages increase the need to develop a form of government?

List some positive and negative consequences as a result of living List some positive and negative consequences as a result of living in large communityin large community

Which will quickly led to …Which will quickly led to …

POSITIVESPOSITIVES Increase in foodIncrease in food ArtArt ReligionReligion Social classes based on Social classes based on

moneymoney Government/ LawsGovernment/ Laws

NEGATIVESNEGATIVES CrimeCrime Spread of diseaseSpread of disease AttacksAttacks When natural disasters When natural disasters

occur, casualty rates occur, casualty rates will be highwill be high

EARLY/ 1ST CIVILIZATIONS

Neolithic TechnologyNeolithic Technology Creating lawsCreating laws Developed pottery, brushes, Developed pottery, brushes,

paintspaints Learned weavingLearned weaving Built houses & furnitureBuilt houses & furniture Invented the wheel, & plow Invented the wheel, & plow

(in some areas)(in some areas) New tools: awls, wedges, New tools: awls, wedges,

saws, drills, chisels, needles, saws, drills, chisels, needles, etc.etc.

Developed a calendarDeveloped a calendar

What do you think the firstWhat do you think the firstlaws would be in an earlylaws would be in an earlycivilization. civilization. List as many as List as many as

you can in one minute you can in one minute

In a group of 3 decide the three most important laws for your civilization from your lists.

Rise of cities 3000 BCRise of cities 3000 BC

List some specific List some specific characteristicscharacteristics of advanced of advanced civilizations/cities in civilizations/cities in NeolithicNeolithic times times

Advanced cities- aqueduct, wells, roads, buildingsSpecialized workers-artist, cloths, farming, ranching, carpenter, soilder, merchant, teacherComplex institutions – government- rules, religion- priest, economics-trade, bartering, educationRecord keeping Advanced technology – pottery, metalwork, plow, sailboat, wheel, beginning of Bronze Age in Sumer in 3000 BC

What are some things you CANNOT live What are some things you CANNOT live without? – Make a list.without? – Make a list.

WATERWATERSHELTER (housing, clothing, etc.)SHELTER (housing, clothing, etc.)FOODFOOD

So, where would man choose to settle So, where would man choose to settle once he no longer needed to hunt once he no longer needed to hunt

and gather?and gather?

RIVER VALLEYSRIVER VALLEYSEgypt, Mesopotamia, India, &ChinaEgypt, Mesopotamia, India, &China

Exit TicketExit Ticket

Complete Neolithic Revolution Before and After ChartComplete Neolithic Revolution Before and After Chart

THEN…THEN…

In a complete and well developed paragraph,In a complete and well developed paragraph,summarize the important changes in human lifesummarize the important changes in human lifecaused by the Neolithic Revolutioncaused by the Neolithic RevolutionHint what was life like before, during and after theHint what was life like before, during and after theNeolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution