recent trends and experimental approaches in science, technology book.pdf · recent trends and...

RECENT TRENDS AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY

AND NATURE

EDITORIAL AND ADVISORY BOARD

Prof. R.C. Srivastava (VC, Dr. RPCAU)

Prof. R. S. Kureel (VC, Dr. BRAUSS)

Prof. R.S. Dubey (VC, TMBU, Bhagalpur, Bihar)

Prof. T.P.S. Katiyar ( NDUAT)

Dr. D. K. Upreti (Director, NBRI, Lucknow)

Dr. Vishal Nath (Director, ICAR- Litchi, Muzaffarpur)

Dr. A.D. Pathak (Director, IISR)

Dr. Shishir Kumar Gangwar (Wollega University, Ethiopia)

Dr. Sanjeev Verma ( IMS, University of Lucknow, Lucknow)

Prof. Kanwal Kishan Dhar (Waksman Institute, USA,)

Prof. B. Annadurai (Mekelle University, Ethiopia)

Prof. Jaswant Singh (Awadh University Fizabad)

Prof. Firas Rashad Al-Samarai (University of Baghdad, Iraq)

Prof. Dr. Khalil H. Aljeboori (College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq)

Prof. M.K. Bhardwaj (College of Natural Science, Mekelle University, Ethiopia)

Dr. Raj Veer Singh Rathor, OSD, Governor

Dr. K.R. Kanaujia (GBPUAT, Pantnagar)

Dr. Munish Gangwar (CSUAT)

Dr. R.P. Sharma (Diector, FGIE & T, Raibareli)

Dr. Puneet Mishra (University of Lucknow, Lucknow)

Dr. R. K. Pathak (BNCET)

Dr. Tarun Singh Gangwar (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow)

Dr. Sanat Kumar Sharma (CUSB, Gaya)

Dr. Manoj Kumar (University of Lucknow, Lucknow)

Dr. Zia A. Pathan (Civil Services University, Ethiopia)

Dr. A.P. Singh (MJPRU, Bareilly U.P.)

Dr. Anju Verma (University of Missouri, Columbia)

Dr. Ravinder Sharma (SKUAST, Kashmir)

Dr. Jyoti Sharma (Govt. Degree College, Kathua)

Dr. Ngongeh, L. A. (Nsukka University, Nigeria)

Dr. Kamal Samwal (Mai Bela Ave, Asmara University, Eritrea)

Mr. Sandeep Sachan (NIFT) Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India

Recent trends and experimental approaches in Science, Technology and Nature

IndexSession-1 Value addition in Traditional crops

Sl Paper ID Paper Title Page No.

1 10034 Managing post-harvest diseases of apple and mango by UV-C and hot watertreatment

1

2 10057 Phytoceuticals in spices with special reference to aniseeds and coriander:their role in controlling oxidative stress-induced diseases

1

3 20008 Statistical assessment of yield stability of finger millet at diverse location inchhattisgarh state of india

2

4 20017 Development of cost effective package of practice for organic production ofmango cv. Mallika

2

5 20020 Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on headspaceGas concentrations including volatiles and sensorial attributes of fresh-cutlettuce

3

6 10035 Fungitoxic effect of essential oil of zingiber officinaleroscoe 37 10036 Cercospora baraichensis sp. nov. on Sorghum vulgare -a great nutrimental

potent ethnomedicinal plant4

8 10037 Diversity of ethno-medicinal flora from bhinga forest Range of shrawastiforest division, shrawasti (UP) India

4

9 10038 Diversity of ethno-medicinal flora from bahraich (UP) India 510 10039 Prevalence of Foliicolous Fungi on Ethnomedicinal and Nutrimental flora of

District Bahraich (U.P.) India5

11 10054 Impact Of Critical Micronutrients Foliar Application On Yield Of Cashew(Anacardium Occidentale L.) Under Agency Tracts Of Rampachodavaram,A.P, India

6

12 10058 Response of onion seed production to different levels of Nitrogen andpotassium application

6

13 10091 Medicinal plant cell suspension cultures: therapeutic Applications andproduction of desired secondary Metabolites

7

14 10092 Evaluation of antimicrobial potential of endophytes Isolated from menthapiperita l.

7

15 10096 Studies on floral chrecteristics of walnut genotypes 8

16 10097 Review on advances in plant propagation of walnut 8

17 10098 Evaluation of spur types and colour strains of apple 9

18 10099 A study on the foraging behaviour of hymenopterans on Vegetable crops inthe south-24-parganas district of west Bengal, India

9

19 20001 Mitoinhibitory and cytotoxic effect of fungicide mancozeb On allium cepa l.Root meristem

10

20 20018 Response of organic inputs on yield, quality and soil Microbial properties ofsoil in mango CV. Dashehari

10

21 20021 Post harvest behavior of different lettuce cultivars and their Cut forms underdifferent storage conditions

11

22 20037 Antibacterial activity of different spice extracts against Vibrio species fromdifferent region of uttar Pradesh Lucknow

11

23 20030 Stinging nettle: environment friendly plant with future Prospect for himalayanarea

12

24 20045 Determination of antimicrobial potential of endophytic Fractions of mentha 12

piperita against pathogenic microbes25 30044 Varietal assessment of wheat crop under maize- potato potato- Maize

cropping system13

26 20056 Methods to estimate the above ground biomass in forest Ecosystem 1327 20052 Rodent migration following gregarious bamboo Flowering and possible

outbreaks of rodent borne Zoonotic diseases in north-eastern hill region withParticular reference to mizoram, India

14

28 20079 Assessment of heavy metal contamination in vegetables And soil irrigatedwith ganga river water at allahabad, India

15

29 20080 Studies on genetic diversity of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) undersemiarid areas of Gujarat

15

30 20091 Report on Lepidoptera pest diversity on apple plantataions (Malus domesticaBorkh.) in Jammu Province, J&K, India

16

31 30007 Physiology of Flowering in Litchi verses Mango: a Concept 1632 30021 Influence of split application of NPK on mulberry leaf yield under temperate

climatic conditions of Kashmir17

33 30009 Characterization and optimization of exopolysaccharides produced byrhizobia isolated from root nodules of medicinal legume Trigonella (methi)

17

34 30033 Behaviour of antioxidant enzymes and quality under low and elevatedtemperature storage of potato tubers

18

35 30047 Soil Fertility Mapping Using GIS in National Seed Project Farms of N DUniversity of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, EsternUttar Pradesh

18

36 30032 Post harvest technology of Euryale ferox Salisb. ( Makhana) and valueaddition for food for food security with technology sectors

19

37 30050 Effect of ethrel spray on the ripening behaviour of mango (Mangifera indicaL.) variety 'Dashehari'

19

38 30045 Influence of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to land configuration,moisture regimes and nutrient substitution on growth, yield and nutrientmining

20

39 30049 Response of soil amendments on productivity of rice–berseem croppingsystem and changes in soil properties of sodic soil

20

40 30071 Response of Foliar Application of essential nutrients (Zn, K and Mg) onSugarcane under Drought condition

21

41 30061 Evaluation of different levels of vermicompost on growth and yield of lentilunder inter-cropping system in rainfed ecosystem

21

42 30066 Key for Identification and Biology of Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis 22

43 30073 Studies on population dynamics of insect-pests of linseed 2244 20007 A methodology and software for quantitative assessment of damage caused

by foliar diseases of plants using digital image23

45 30078 Effect of growth retardant and nipping on growth and yield of chickpea 2346 30079 Mitigation of drought in lentil (lens culinaris medik) through Plant growth

regulators for higher productivity24

47 30080 Studies of heritability for yield associated traits in wheat genotypes ( triticumaestivum l.)

24

48 30081 Performance of new wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum) at different levelsof nitrogen under rain-fed condition

25

49 30082 Infuence of integrated nutrient management on soil properties and yeald ofsugarcane

25

50 30083 Gene action for yield and its contributing traits in mungbean {Vigna radiata(L). Wilczek}

26

Session-II Climate Change & Agriculture

51 10044 Effect of enzymatic activities in a Vertisol as influenced by long termapplication of fertilizer and FYM

27

52 10049 Issues and Challenges for Sustainable Development of Bhoj- Wetland,Bhopal, As a Source of Drinking Water

27

53 10059 Evaluation of Water Quality Index and Physico-chemical parameter value ofthe River Ganga at the site Kalakankar and Shringverpur

28

54 10061 Profitability of wheat in different size of farms in Central India 2855 10062 Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management in Transplanted Paddy (Oryza

Sativa) Through Front Line Demonstration29

56 10066 Evaluation of comparative efficiency of sulphur containing fertilizer materialsas source of plant available sulphur

29

57 10069 Carbon dioxide emission related to microbial biomass of salt affected soils 3058 20013 Swachh bharat abhiyaan: application of technologies for treatment of solid

waste & waste water recycling30

59 10080 Prevention of Brown Leaf Spot Disease of Paddy by Cow Urine withIndigenous Plant leaf Extract

31

60 20033 Recent Developments in Insecticide Formulations 3161 20025 Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Intercropping with Chickpea (Cicer arietinum

L.) under Different Row Ratios on Growth and Yield of Brown Mustard(Brassica juncea L.)Effect of Row Ratios and nitrogen levels on growth andyield of Brown Mustard +(Brassica juncea L.)

32

62 20034 Potential and problems of organic farming in cereal production with specialreference to jammu & kashmir

32

63 10067 Foliar application of magnesium and boron influences leaf nutrient status,yield and quality of black pepper

33

64 20066 Significance of Plant Genetic Resources for Climate Resilient Agriculture: ACase Study of Central Himalayan Region

33

65 10042 Sustainable Development as Cornerstone of Biodiversity Conservation 3466 10046 Varietal screening for seed germination and early seedling growth in Maize

(Zea mays)34

67 10045 Potential use of Typha latifolia L. for domestic waste water treatment byusing constructed wetland: Phytoremediation

35

68 10047 Biosynthesis of Gold nanoparticles using seeds of Cucurbita maxima and itsimpact on Fusarium species

35

69 10056 α-L-Rhamnosidase from Aspergillus flavipus using Citrus Solid Waste asInducer for Application in Juice Industry

36

70 10063 Productivity Enhancement of Soyabean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] ThroughImproved technologies in Farmers Field

36

71 10064 Effect of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron herbicides on soilproperties of paddy grown area

37

72 10065 Processing Stability of Minerals quality of [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.]Cultivars

37

73 10079 Isolation and identification of leaf spot disease of wheat 3874 10081 Characterization and suitability evaluation of dredged Asa River Sediment for

sustainable reuse38

75 10082 Palynology and Stratigraphy Relationship of the Facies Intertongueingbetween the Afikpo Sandstone and Nkporo Shale in the CretaceousAnambara Basin, Southeastern Nigeria

39

76 10083 Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of thiosemicarbazonederivative of substituted chalcone and its Zn (II) Complex

39

77 20002 Cytophysiological effect of herbicide glyphosate on two non-target Vigna 40

species78 20005 Phytoremediation potential of naturally occurring weed species grown on the

metal contaminated soil40

79 20010 Assessing and interpreting the spatial distribution pattern of insect populationin pegeonpea

41

80 20012 Comparative Evaluation of Traditional (wooden plank) and ImprovedTechnology (Pant loading ramp) used for Loading and Unloading task toAlleviate Physiological and Psychophysical Trauma

41

81 20014 Effect of Packaging Materials and Storage Conditions on Shelf Life andQuality of Okra

42

82 20023 Effect of soil amendments on growth and yield attributes of wheat crop(Triticum eastivum L.) in sodic soil

42

83 20024 Genetic resistance of the bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori L. genotypes toviral diseases

43

84 20026 Effect of row direction and spacing on growth, yield and oil content of Toria(Brassica compestris)

43

85 20027 Studies on growth, yield and oil content of Toria (Brassica compestris) asInfluence by row direction and spacing.

44

86 20028 Response of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different dates of transplanting,spacing and number of seedlings/hill

44

87 20029 Effect of levels of Inorganic Fertilizers and seed innoculation with bio-fertilizers culture on growth and yield of field Pea(Pisum Sativum L.)

45

88 20035 Evaluation of different nutrient management practices for enhancement of theproductivity in different rice establishment method

45

89 20036 Study of response of nitrogen on avt-2 rice cultivars under high and lowinput management in direct seeded condition

46

90 20041 Conceptualizing the Diversity of Exotic Cultivated Flora of Pantnagar 4691 20043 Environmental Pollution and monitoring in east Antarctica 4792 20042 Eco-friendly management of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l) at

panatnagar, uttarakhand47

93 20053 Identification and conservation of traditional rice varieties in ChattishgarhState of India for climate change adaption

48

94 20054 Heavy Metal Pollution in River Ganga and River Yamuna in India: A Review 4895 20061 Forms of Potassium in Soils of Agriculture College Research Farm, Indore,

Madhya Pradesh49

96 20072 Response of linseed (linum usitatissimum l.) To establishment methods andvarieties in vertisols of chhattisgarh plains of india

49

97 20077 Assessment of seasonal variations in surface water quality of the river Kosi ,a major tributary of the river Ganga in Northern India

50

98 20081 Physico-chemical Characteristics of River Alaknanda Uttarakhand, India 5099 20087 Integral effect of herbicide and soil amendments on soil nutrient

availability, fertility and productivity in tropical rainfed51

100 20095 An assessment of waterlogging induced morpho-physiological changes insugarcane genotypes and its association with waterlogging tolerance

51

101 20089 Impact of sodium benzoate on morphological traits and yield of wheat undersaline condition

52

102 20090 Inter and intra-specific genetic differentiation and evaluation of accessions forquality yield in Plantago germplasm

52

103 20096 Assessment of soil quality under rice-mentha+wheat farming system of soilbilaspur tahsil of rampur district (uttar pradesh)

53

104 Need of crop diversification for mitigate food security 53105 20098 Suitability of lichens in monitoring air pollutants in Uttar Pradesh, India 54

106 30000 Screening of antagonistic endophytic bacteria against Colletotrichumfalcatum causing red rot in Sugarcane crop

54

107 30001 Separation, identification & chemo-profiling of phytochemicals fromDhaincha seed (Sesbania sesban seed)

55

108 30002 Assessment of different organic manure on soil health, production andcollecting parameter of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.)]

55

109 30003 Role of agrophysiology in increasing the yield of the crops 56110 30004 Effect of foliar nutrition and sulphur on growth and quality of blackgram 56111 30005 Combining ability studies for grain yield and quality paremeters in newly

developed maize (Zea mays L.) inbred line crosses.57

112 30006 Establishment and optimization of callus to plant regeneration system usinganther culture of maize (zea mays. L)

57

113 30008 Response of Nitrogen and Sulphur fertilization on Sesame under rainfedcondition

58

114 30010 Effect of Various Growth regulators on in vitro multiplication rate anddevelopment of Efficient micropropagation Protocol for Elite SugarcaneCultivar CoH – 119

58

115 30011 Improvement of Growth and Productivity of Brassica juncea by FluorescentPseudomonad through Exploitation of Plant Microbe Partnership

59

116 30012 Physiological studies on differential uptake of nitrogen and zinc by wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) varieties.

59

117 30013 Evaluating rice germplasm for iron and phytic acid concentration in rice seed 60118 30024 Gauging of pollution level in Ganga at Varanasi 60119 30026 Role of IPM in vegetable seed production 61119 30028 Air pollution effects on human and plants 61120 30029 Assessment of Cultural and Morphological Variability in Red Rot of

Sugarcane from Pilibhit District of Uttar Pradesh62

121 30030 Microbial approaches to mitigate toxic contaminants from soil by naturalhyperaccumulators

62

122 30043 Land Use Planning: Developing Wastelands More Productive 63123 30046 Rhizofiltration: An eco friendly trend for rehabilitation heavy metal polluted

water bodies63

124 30055 Behaviour of antioxidant enzymes and quality under low and elevatedtemperature storage of potato tuber

64

125 30056 Risk Assessment of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security 64126 30057 Air pollution effects on human and plants 65127 30059 Physico- chemical analysis of ground water at mahoba city (u.p.) 65128 30062 Biochemical studies on different genotypes of foxtail millet (setaria italica L.) 66129 30064 Chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) based intercropping system under moisture

stress condition66

130 30065 Studies on irrigation requirement and weed management of japanese mint(mentha arvensis) under different planting system

67

131 30067 Creening of pseudomonas spp. Isolated from rhizosphere of pea plant as plantgrowth promoter and biocontrol agent

67

Session –III Recent Trends in Human & Animal Health Management

132 30081 Biotech and genetic tools in context to human & animal Health managementspecial reference to ethiopia: A review

68

133 10051 Benefits of Meditation and Yoga in Clinically Depressed patients 68134 20062 Secondary income from non-edible parts of fish trade 69135 10073 Migraine and homoeopathy– A case study 69

136 20075 Development of Nucleocapsid (N) Protein Mediated Resistance inWatermelon against Watermelon Bud Necrosis Virus

70

137 10095 HPLC technique for determination of assay of quetiapine in quetiapinefumerate tablets

70

138 20047 Understanding of neuro-endocrinology involved in female farm animalreproduction and its use to augment fertility

71

139 30014 Homoeopathy –an option for eradication of leprosy 71140 30031 Current status of teloschistacean lichen taxa in India 72141 30035 Microbial assessment of milk sample from lucknow region 72142 10053 Effect of cryopreserved sperm on breeding of common carp and it’s strain

amur carp during monsoon and post monsoon season73

143 10076 Effect of starvation on the haemopoietic organs of fish Garra gotyla gotyla. 73144 20003 Assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pesticide using Allium cepa

L.74

145 20031 Flavonoids from whole plant of Euphorbia hirta and their evaluation againstexperimentally induced gastroesophageal reflux disease in rats

74

146 20016 Computer-Aided approach to study the anti-tumour potentials of seaweedagainst canine breast cancer

75

147 20032 Seasonal and Diel Variations in Physico-chemical Parameters of Water inRelation to Fisheries of River Narmada from Lametaghat to Bhedaghat(Madhya Pradesh)

75

148 20040 Bustle of bio- flavonoids on Gastric Ulcer: What’s New? 76149 20057 Impact of foliar spray of calcium and magnesium on economic traits of

(bombyx mori l.) during summer in kashmir76

150 20039 Copper toxicity to different developmental stages of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

77

151 20094 Anticancer property of Anthracycline Cf. Curcumin 77152 20059 Larval Cannibalism in the Indus Valley Toad, Duttaphrynus stomaticus. 78153 20044 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of protein isolated from vigna

radiata (mung bean)78

154 20046 Evaluation of antimicrobial protein isolated and purified from skin andmuscles homogenate of labeo rohita (rohu)

79

155 20060 Effect of Telanthera/ Alternanthera ficoidea ( natural )dye on Mulberry silkand its application

79

156 20063 Ethno Veterinary Practices among the livestock owners of Eastern Plain Zone(UP-9) of Middle Gangetic Plains.

80

157 20064 Incidence of Gastrointestinal helminthes in Goats in and around Kumarganjarea

80

158 20065 Efficacy of different anthelmintics in the Therapeutic Management ofGastrointestinal parasites in Goats

81

159 20073 Cr (VI) induced antioxidant and gene expression responses in fish Channapunctatus (Bloch)

81

160 20084 Electrophoretic comparison of serum proteins of Labeo rohita reared inselected lakes of Bangalore

82

161 20058 Amphibian population decline: a case study from jammu and kashmir, India 82162 20085 Bioaccumulation of chromium peroxide in tissue of fresh water feed fish

Channa punctatus (Bloch)83

163 20086 Genetic polymorphism of β-casein gene (a1/a2 milk variants) in zebu and hf xzebu crossbred cattle

83

164 20078 Protective effect of perindopril against intracerebral colchicine inducedmemory impairment in mice

84

165 20088 Metal toxicity leads to histopathological changes in albino rats (rattus-rattus 84

albino)166 20093 Pharmaceutical cocrystal technique to enhance the solubility of an

antihypertensive BCS Class II Drug85

167 30016 Isolation and characterization of promising probiotic strain: Lactobacillusmurinus

85

168 20099 Studies on the common livestock feeds in milak block of rampur district, uttarpradesh

86

169 30022 Effects of sublethal heroin administration on hormonal profiles andadenohypophysial endocrine cells of albino Mus norvegicus

86

170 30023 Effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on the pupal weight and emergence of mothsof multivoltine mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori Linn).

87

171 30027 Identification of quinones and coumarins in Swietenia macrophylla leaf 87172 30036 Simple sequence repeats in sequenced Trichoderma genomes: frequency,

distribution and markers for genus Trichoderma88

173 30037 Tailoring shape and size of biogenic silver nanoparticles to enhanceantimicrobial efficacy against MDR bacteria

88

174 30048 Effect of temperature and leaf quality on rearing of silkworm (Bombyx mori)during different seasons in Shahjahanpur

89

175 20069 Transcriptional profiling of antioxidant and apoptotic genes in phorateexposed fish, Channa punctatus

89

176 20078 Protective effect of perindopril against intracerebral colchicine inducedmemory impairment in mice

90

177 20085 Bioaccumulation of chromium peroxide in tissue of fresh water feed fishChanna punctatus (Bloch)

90

178 30016 Isolation and characterization of promising probiotic strain: Lactobacillusmurinus

91

179 30034 Study of gonado-somatic index of male and female giant snakehead fish,Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822)

91

180 30058 Performance of multi x bi hybrids of silkworm in Uttar Pradesh Climaticconditions

92

181 30060 Nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatic fibrosis in rodent model of disease:Anti-fibrotic potential of gallic acid via regressing oxidative damage

92

182 30068 Heavy metal bioaccumulation and their risk assessment in some edible fishesof the Ganga River near Jajmau (Kanpur) and Shuklaganj (Unnao), India

93

183 30069 Distribution of heavy metals in water, sediments and fish tissue (labeo rohita)in ganga river of eastern U.P. India

93

184 20042 Eco-friendly management of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l) atpanatnagar, uttarakhand

94

Session –IV Innovations in ICT, Social Sciences, Management & Allied Sciences

185 10041 Information Communication needs among Rural Fish Farmers: A study inUttarakhand

95

186 10040 Community Radio as an Information Communication tool for social learningon Science Technology and Nature

95

187 10048 Adaptation of Indian Thangka Paintings for Designing and Digital Printing ofApparels Using Computer Aided Designing

96

188 10055 Discovery of the helium in saugor division, southern ganga basin,bundelkhand region, M.P. India.

96

189 10068 Biodiversity, Application of Bioenergy for Energy Systems or Materials andEnvironmental Sustainability: Sustainable Energies Future Perspectivethrough Energy Efficiency Development

97

190 10088 Effect of heavy metals on non-reducing sugars in Nigella sativa L. seedling 97191 10093 Production of green conjugates of silver nanoparticles for determination of

antimicrobial potential against biofilm producing staphylococcus aureus98

192 10077 Eco-friendly antibacterial fnishing on bamboo/cotton woven fabrics 98193 10086 Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation ofRutin in Ginkgo Biloba

Commercial Dosage Forms using HPTLC99

194 20009 Dayalbagh educational institute (dei) as a resemblance of sustainability: anexploratory study

99

195 20015 Psychological scale of workers job satisfaction in tea factory 100196 20067 Ergonomic assessment of the male and female farm workers involved in rice

transplanting100

197 30015 A Dipstick to Determine the Lead contamination In Sugarcane Juice 101198 10043 Recent Trends and Approaches in Embroidery Craft of Punjab 101199 10071 Laser ignition system for ic engines 102200 10072 Performance characteristics of a diesel engine with jatropha oil diesel oil

blends102

201 10074 The impact of multi-instructional approach on senior high school student’sperformance in Mendelian genetics

103

202 10075 A bi-instructional approach to teaching and learning of Glycolysis and theKrebs cycle

103

203 10084 Refractive index Study of Intermolecular Interaction Between BinaryMixtures of Terpinolene with Some Halobenzenes at 303.15, 308.15 and313.15K

104

204 10078 Heat Exchangers Technology and Applications in Heat ExchangeEngineering

104

205 10087 Viscosities of binary mixtures of p-Cymene with halogenated benzenes(fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene) at 303.15, 308.15 and313.15 K

105

206 10085 A study on Thermodynamic Parameters and Stability of Binary metalcomplexes of Y(III) and Th(IV) metals with Pregabalin

105

207 10089 Alterations in the carbohydrates and cardiac glycosides in Nigella sativa L.seeds and its sprout

106

208 10090 Isolation and characterization of Cr(VI) reducing microbes 106209 20000 Physiological changes in Semibarbula orientalis (Web.) Wijk. & Marg.

during dehydration and rehydration regimes107

210 20004 Synthesis and characterization of the dyes based on metal complexes ofpyrazolone derivatives and their dyeing performance on various fibers

107

211 20006 Introduction of Ultrasonic Interferometer and Experimental Techniques forDetermination of Ultrasonic Velocity, Density, Viscosity and VariousThermodynamic Parameters

108

212 20048 Determination of Densities of some R4NI - Solutions in DMSO – DioxaneBinary Solvent Mixtures at 250C by Magnetic Float Densitometer and studyof Masson’s Equation from ϕv Data

108

213 20050 Studies on Soil borne fungi in Cucurbits Vegetable Crops Grown inLucknow, Kanpur and Varanasi district in Uttar Pradesh, India

109

214 20051 Effects of aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons on enzyme activities of Scyllaserrata found in Mahim Creek (Mumbai)

109

215 20074 New Kinematical Parameters In Einstein-Cartan Theory of Gravitation 110216 20092 CSTRI 2-in-1 Winding Machine for Weft Preparation in Hand loom Weaving 110217 30020 A study regarding agricultural development in sindholi block district of

shahjahanpur U.P.111

218 30038 Issues with the Hausdorff measure in Finsler spaces 111

219 30051 Science, religion and society 112220 30052 Modernity, Technology and Modern Society 112221 30053 Analysis of disputes and oppurtunities in big data mining 113222 30063 Ultrasonic studies on molecular interactions in ternary mixtures of sodium do

decyl sulphate-urea-water at different temperatures113

223 30070 Coding for Hard-disk partition by Linux Block Device Driver 114224 30084 WTO and Indian wheat export 114224 30085 Impact assessment of dairy entrepreneurs on knowledge, income and

employment under sgsy115

226 30086 Study on awareness level of the GPMS about agricultural developmentprogrammes

115

227 30087 Skill Development Of Rural Youth Through Krishi Vigyan Kendra 116

Session – I

VALUE ADDITION INTRADITIONAL CROPS

Recent trends and experimental approaches in Science, Technology And Nature

1

MANAGING POST HARVEST DISEASES OF APPLE AND MANGO BYUV-C AND HOT WATER TREATMENT

Srivastava Madhu PrakashCentre of excellence, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007,

Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTPostharvest losses have been reduced mainly through postharvest fungicides and to a lesser degree, through postharvestmanagement practices to reduce inoculum or effective management of the cold chain system .We examined the possible useof a hot water treatment (HWT) with UV treatment to disinfect apple and mango fruits. In vitro studies showed thanPenicilliumexpansumwassensitiveto high temperature. It was observed that the treatment of 40ºC temperature was leasteffective in reducing spore germination of P. expansumat any duration of exposure to hot water treatment. Completeinhibition of P. expansumwasachieved by exposing the spores to hot water treatment at 60ºC for duration of 2 min and at50ºC for 20 min. 60ºC for duration of 2-20 min was 100% effective for both pathogens. The growth of B. theobromae wascompletely inhibited at 50ºC for 20 min and 60ºC for 2 min. UV-C treatment significantly decreased the spore-germinationof P. expansum in accordance with duration of exposure and distance. UV-C treatment at 10 cm distance from the source ofradiation for 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min showed 100% inhibition. In vivo treatments of hot water significantly decreased decayas compared to control. In vivo experiments showed that 60ºC for 1 min treatment was most effective in reducing decay.The exposure for 2 min or more at the same temperature reduced the appearance and commercial value of fruit. In applefruits UV-C irradiation at the distance of 10 cm for 5 min was most effective to control decay caused by P. expansum.Increase in duration of exposure beyond 5 min at 10 cm distance injured both fruits and increased lesions instead ofreducing them. In mango fruits effective control of B. theobromae was observed upon exposure for 5 min. HWT alone ye incombined which was applied separately were each able to reduce natural decay incidence to commercially acceptable levels(5%) and combining them showed no additional effect.

KEYWORDS: Hot-water treatment, Physical agent (UV), P. expansum, B. theobromae. Apples (PyrusmalusL.), Mango (Mangiferaindica L.). blue mold disease, biological control.

PHYTOCEUTICALS IN SPICES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOANISEEDS AND CORIANDER: THEIR ROLE IN CONTROLLING

OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED DISEASES

Andallu B.Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Sri SathyaSai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur campus,

Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACTNature has provided mankind with a broad and structurally diverse array of pharmacologically active chemical compounds,phytoceuticals, which have proved to be indispensable for the cure of chronic diseases or as lead structures for noveltherapeutic agents. Many experimental and clinical evidences support the casual relationship between oxidative stress andvarious chronic diseases and hence, numerous studies are focused on ameliorating chronic diseases by reducing theoxidative stress. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that natural products can combat oxidative stress and reducethe morbidity and mortality associated with chronic diseases. Active compounds mainly from spices such as aniseeds,coriander etc. also termed as phytoceuticals include isoprenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, carotenoids,phytoestrogens, alkaloids which exhibit antioxidant (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, α-tocopherol, lycopene, luteolin, thymoletc.), anti-inflammatory (quercetin, curcumin, thymol etc.), osteogenetic (genistein, diadzein, casein, inulin, etc.),hypolipidemic (MUFA, PUFA, resveratrol, saponins, tannins, beta-sitosterol, etc.) and anticarcinogenic (capsaicin,genistein, curcumin, ellagic acid, lutein, etc.) activities. Thus, phytoceuticals protect against reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced diseases such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory diseases and cancer and hence, these arepowerful instruments in promoting optimal health, longevity and quality of life. Phytoceuticals in spices can be consideredas lead molecules for discovery of therapeutically active drugs in pharmaceutical, cosmoceutical and food industries.

KEYWORDS: Oxidative stress, diseases, phytoceuticals, antioxidants, spices.

Value addition in traditional crops

2

STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF YIELD STABILITY OF FINGER MILLET ATDIVERSE LOCATION IN CHHATTISGARH STATE OF INDIA

1Singh D.P., 1Bhardwaj R. K., 2Saxena R.R. and 3Joshi Bhupendra1Research Scholar, M.G. C.G.V. Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.), India

2Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) India3Department of Agriculture, District Bastar (C.G.) India

ABSTRACTDifferent recommended varieties of finger millets were used in diverse location of Bastar district in Chhattisgarh stateacross 7 varied locations for genotype X environment interaction (GEI) and yield stability during three year (2012-13 to2014-15). Different stability statistical models used to described GEI and adoption of certain environments. Eberhart andRussell model, ThePerkins and Jinks model, Ecovalence model and combined ANOVA indicated significance betweenvarieties and environments. The Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction effect (AMMI) stability model wasbest fitted for finger millets yield data. The AMMI 2 model was used for finger millet yield data described by adoptionmap.

KEYWORDS: genotype X, GEI, finger millet, varieties, environment.

DEVELOPMENT OF COST EFFECTIVE PACKAGE OF PRACTICE FORORGANIC PRODUCTION OF MANGO CV. MALLIKA

Ram R. A., Verma A. K. and vaish SupriyaDivision of Crop Production, ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow- 226 101, India

ABSTRACTExperiment was laid out on 35 years old trees of mango cv. Mallika in 2015. Seven treatments comprising seven types ofinputs as: FYM (40 kg/ tree +Azotobacter+ Azospirillum+ PSB (108cfu/g ) +Mycorrhiza (inoculum) (T1), biodynamiccompost (30 kg/ tree) +bio-enhancers (CPP 100 g, BD – 500 and BD 501 as soil and foliar spray) (T2), neem cake +farmyard manure (20 kg /tree) +Azotobacter+ Azospirillum+ PSB (108cfu/g) (T3), vermi compost (30 kg/ tree+Azotobacter+ Azospirillum+ PSB (108cfu/g) (T4), farmyard manure (40 kg/ tree) +bio-enhancer (Amritpani 5% soilapplication) (T5), FYM (40kg/ tree) +green manuring (sun hemp) Azotobacter+ Azospirillum+ PSB (108cfu/g) (T6) and1000g N P K /tree (T7) were applied.Maximum fruit yield (160.30 kg /tree) was recorded with application of T2 followedby T3 and minimum (88.46 kg/tree) with T7. Observations on average fruit weight, diameter and length were varied non-significantly. Improvement in fruit quality with application of different treatments was also observed and maximum TSS(26.36 0Brix) recorded with T2 followed by T6 and minimum 22.360Brix with application of 1000g NPK/tree. Maximumtotal caretonoids (6.40 mg/100g) was recorded with T2 and minimum (4.70 mg/100g) with T4. Maximum fluorescencerecovery after photo bleaching (FRAP) 74.98 per cent) was recorded with T2 and minimum 44.81 per cent with T4.Antioxidant per cent inhibition (DPPH) was recorded maximum 76.823 with T2 and minimum 51.033 with T7.Observations on titrable acidity were varied non-significantly.Yield data were taken for economic analysis showed that the production cost (Rs. 59013.18 /ha.) was recorded maximumwith application of T3by Rs. 39094.21 /ha in T1 and minimum (Rs.29716.49/ha.) with application of T7. Maximumproduction of 16030 kg fruit/ha was recorded with application of T2followed by 14713 kg/ha with T3and minimum 8846kg /ha with 1000g N P K /tree. However, total production value was recorded maximum (Rs.160300/ha.) with T2 followedby Rs. 147130/ha in T3and minimum Rs.88460/ha in 1000g N P K/tree. Maximum productivity 0.51 kg /Rs was workedout in T2 followed by 0.339 kg /Rs. in T4 and minimum (0.284 kg/Rs.) with application of T1.Maximum net return Rs.128857.86/ha was recorded with T2 followed by Rs. 92610.97 /ha with T4 and minimum (Rs.587743.51/ha) withapplication of 1000g N P K /tree. Maximum benefit cost ratio (5.10) was obtained with T2 followed by 3.39 with T4, T5and minimum (2.84) in T1.

KEYWODS: FYM, organic production, FRAP, DDPH.


3

EFFECT OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING ON HEADSPACEGAS CONCENTRATIONS INCLUDING VOLATILES AND SENSORIAL

ATTRIBUTES OF FRESH-CUT LETTUCE

Kaur Manpreet, *Dhumal Sangram S., Garande Vishnu K., Patgaonkar Deepak R. and Patil Supriya S.Department of Horticulture,College of Agriculture, Kolhapur – 416004, (MPKV Rahuri)

*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe effect of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on the headspace gas concentrations andsensorial attributes of fresh-cut lettuce cv. GKL-2 during refrigerated storage (5±10C) was studied at PostharvestLaboratory of Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur. Five different MAP packagings viz., 100% nitrogen(N2), 95% nitrogen (N2) plus 5% oxygen (O2), 10% carbon dioxide plus 3% oxygen, and perforated film packagings (10holes @ 1.5 mm per packet) including air (Passive MAP) as control treatment were undertaken for study. The changes inheadspace gas concentrations including volatiles were slow in the fresh-cut lettuce packaged with 10% carbon dioxide and3% oxygen up to 15 days at 5±10C. Decrease in oxygen (%) and increase in carbon dioxide (%), ethylene (ppm),acetaldehyde (µLL-1) and ethanol concentration was observed in all post-harvest treatments. The packaging of lettuce withcarbon dioxide (10%) and oxygen (3%) recorded minimum decrease in oxygen and increase in carbon dioxide, ethylene,acetaldehyde and ethanol concentrations. The maximum changes in headspace gas concentrations including volatiles viz.acetaldehyde and ethanol were observed in perforated packagings treatment followed by air/passive MAP. Carbon dioxide(10%) and oxygen (3%) MAP was best in retaining the sensory attributes viz. color and appearance, taste, flavor, crispnessand overall acceptability.

KEY WORDS: Fresh-cut lettuce, modified atmosphere packaging, carbon dioxide, oxygen, volatiles, shelf-life, quality.

FUNGITOXIC EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ZINGIBEROFFICINALEROSCOE

Srivastava Madhu PrakashCentre of excellence, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007,


ABSTRACTThe volatile antifungal fraction was isolated in the form of an essential oil (the rhizome of Zingiberofficinale Roscoe) thatwas standardized by physico-chemical properties and Gas liquid chromatography (GLC). GC-MS studies of the oilrevealed the presence of 39 chemical constituents of them Zingiberene was found to be the major component (26.8 %). Itwas found that volatile activity was more toxic than poisoned food technique. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) of the oil was found to be 500-700 ppm against both the test fungi (Aspergillusflavusand A. niger). The oil showedfungistatic nature at its MIC but proved fungicidal at higher doses. The oil showed broad range of activity and inhibited allthe 10 storage fungi tested at its MIC (500-700 ppm). Thus, the oil may constitute an ideal indigenous and effectivefumigant and preservative for protection of paddy and rice in particular and other food commodities in general.

KEYWORDS: Composition, Fungitoxic effect, Gas liquid Chromatography, Zingiberofficinale


4

CERCOSPORA BARAICHENSIS SP. NOV. ON SORGHUM VULGARE –AGREAT NUTRIMENTAL POTENT ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT

Tripathi S. C., Ajay Kumar & *Mall T. P.Postgraduate Department of Botany, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich-271 801 (U.P.), India

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTDuring survey for the foliicolous fungi from diversified habitats of Bahraich the authors came across an important crop ofthe locality Sorghum vulgarePers. which belongs to Plantae, Poales, Panicoideae, Andropogoneae is commonly calledbroom corn, guinea corn, jowar and sorghum. On critical study the living leaves were found to be infected withCercospora. Since it has also been customary for plant pathologists and mycologists to describe as new anyCercosporafound on a host for the first time (Ellis, 1971), thisundescribed taxa has been described and illustrated asCercosporabahraichensissp. nov.Tripathi, Kumar and Mall. The review of available literatures reveals that there has beenno record of this fungus from India on this host so for. Therefore, this host of the new species is a new record to Indianmycoflora from Bahraich (U.P.).

KEYWORDS: Foliicolous fungi, Sorghum, Ethno medicinal plant, North Central Tarai Forest, Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh.

DIVERSITY OF ETHNO-MEDICINAL FLORA FROM BHINGA FORESTRANGE OF SHRAWASTI FOREST DIVISION, SHRAWASTI (U. P.) INDIA

Mall T. P.Postgraduate Department of Botany Kisan P.G. College Bahraich- 271 801 (U. P.) India


ABSTRACTThe authors visited Bhinga Forest Range of Shrawasti Forest Division on April 1, 2013 so as to collect and document theethnomedicinal properties of the potent ethnomedicinal plants. The authors collected forty one plants species belonging totwenty seven families. Exact botanical identity of the plants is still under process because some plants are not found inflowering stage at that time. Mr. Tilak Ram Verma nursery gardener, Mustakim watchman of Gulra guest house and SabirAli of GulraKothi told us the local names along with their ethnomedicinal use and their mode of administration. We aresimply providing the local names of the ethomedicinal plants which were informed by above persons which are eitherbeing used single or in combination for different ailments viz. arthritis, antidote for scorpion sting, burn, cut, cough & cold,cholera, constipation, diarrhea, diabetes, fever, inflammation, jaundice, leucorrhea, piles, polyphagia, payaria, rheumatism,scrofula, wound and other skin ailments, etc. The above persons advised us to do visit during rainy season when the plantsare to be found in flowering season to get the plants in flowering stage as well as a large number of plants increasing thegreenery of the forest as well as the potent ethnomedicinal plants.

KEYWORDS: ethnomedicinal plants, arthritis, antidote, scorpion sting, wound, skin ailments.


5

DIVERSITY OF ETHNO-MEDICINAL FLORA FROM BAHRAICH (UP)INDIA

Mall, T. P.PostgraduateDepartment of Botany Kisan P.G. College Bahraich- 271 801 (U. P.) India


ABSTRACTThe present study reveals about the vast diversity of herbal plants used for the treatment of various ailments by the tribes aswell as poor villagers of Bahraich district. The potential of ethno botanical research and need for documentation oftraditional knowledge pertaining to the medicinal plant utilization for the greater benefit of mankind is carried out becausemost of the villages of Bahraich district are not having sufficient medical facilities. But all the villages have the traditionalmedicines and treatments to cure all the ailments. The rural population has to depend on the local ethnic doctor called asvaiddaya or hakim. They prepare medicines from the medicinal plants available in their locality. They follow all thetraditional and ethnic method of preparing the medicine. Bahraich have well blessed phyto diversity which is a rich sourceof medicinal plants as well as ethnic communities. The remote locality, poverty, illiteracy and lack of touch with moderncivilization make them confined to hold on traditional faith hence they are wholly dependent on indigenous plants for thetreatment of various ailments. The investigation was performed by collection of local medicinal plants in consultation withthe local tribes as well as poor villagers and medicine venders. The common medicinal plants used by rural tribes werestudied and one hundred forty nine plant species belonging to hundred thirty four genera representing sixty one familieswere found to be utilized in the treatment of various twenty five ailments viz. abortifacient, antidote for snake and scorpionbite, burn, cough, cold, constipation, conjunctivitis, diabetes, ear pain, fever, gastrointestinal troubles, headache, insomnia,jaundice, leucorrhoea, mouth ulcer, respiratory troubles, scrofula, skin and skeletal ailments etc. Various medicinal plantparts viz. leaves, flowers, barks, latex, seeds, rhizome, root, sometimes whole plant were used as ethno medicine. For eachplant species, details of scientific name, authors name, vernacular name and family as well as use were provided along withparts harvested for treatment and the mode of administration.

KEYWORDS: Ailments, ethno botanical, ethno medicine, medicinal plants, phyto-diversity, secondary metabolites, traditionalknowledge, Bahraich.

PREVALENCE OF FOLIICOLOUS FUNGI ON ETHNOMEDICINAL ANDNUTRIMENTAL FLORA OF DISTRICT BAHRAICH (U.P.) INDIA

*Mall T. P. & Tripathi S. C.Postgraduate Department of Botany, Kisan PG College, Bahraich-271 801 (U.P.) India

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe life of human beings is totally dependent on plants. Probably no plant of the Earth is unaffected by fungi. Fungi arealmost omnipresent and they occupy the widest range of substrates due to their wast ceaseless adoptability. Among thegalaxy of living organism, the fungus are unique in having adoptability even in adverse environmental conditions. Thefoliicolous fungi destroy the photosynthetic pigments of healthy and green leaves as well as reduce the amount of lightfalling area on leaf lamina due to their luxuriant growth and infection. The present study deals with morphotaxonomicstudies of such foliicolous fungi on the flora of district Bahraich.The study revealed the occurrence of different foliicolousfungi which adversally affect the nutrimental as well as ethnomedicinal values of the flora. The current identification offungal is absolutely free from ambiguities which is vital for employment in applied disciplines. It is because of the fact thatwithout the study of morphotaxonomy all studies concerning its phytopathological aspects would be misleading.

KEYWORDS: Foliicolous fungi, NorthcentralTerai forest, Bahraich.


6

IMPACT OF CRITICAL MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ONYIELD OF CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.) UNDER AGENCY

TRACTS OF RAMPACHODAVARAM, A.P., INDIA

Govardhanrao V., Ramana P. V.SAU Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Pandirimamidi,

Rampachodavaram, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh - 533288

ABSTRACTThe results revealed that Foliar application of Fe (4.0%) + Mn (3%) + Cu (1%) + Zn (6%) + Mo (0.05%) + B (2%)recorded highest number of flowering laterals (20) per square metre, perfect flowers (235.70) per panicle, male flowers(520.7) per panicle, nut weight (11.97 g), and nut yield (11.67 kg) per tree. From the study, it was found that the foliarapplication of Fe (4.0%) + Mn (3%) + Cu (1%) + Zn (6%) + Mo (0.05%) + B (2%) is beneficial for increasing the nut yieldthrough improvement in sex ratio (0.31), fruit set and net return Rs 82667 ha-1 cashew var. BPP-8.

KEYWORDS: Foliar Application, Micronutrients, Cashew, Nut Yield

RESPONSE OF ONION SEED PRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT LEVELSOF NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM APPLICATION

1*Manna D., 1Maity T. K. and 2Basu A.K.1Department of Vegetable Crops,

2Department of Seed Science and Technology,Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,Mohanpur, 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India


ABSTRACTThe research work was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,West Bengal, for consecutive two years during rabi seasons of 2012 and 2013 to study the effect of nitrogen and potassiumlevels on yield and quality seed production of onion. Two different factors were considered, factor: (A) Nitrogen level (75,125 and 175) kg/ha, (B) Potassium level (80, 100 and 120) kg/ha. The experiment consisting of nine treatmentscombination was laid out in “Factorial Randomized Block Design” with three replications. The results showed that plantheight, number of flower stocks per plant, number of seeds per umbel, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, nutrient accumulationin seed and germination percentage were significantly influenced by different treatments. The yield of seed increased withincreased levels of different treatment combination. The treatment combination at a level nitrogen and potash (175 and 120kg/ha) produced the maximum yield of seed per hectare (9 q /ha) followed by 125 kg N/ha with 120 kg K/ha, 175 kg N/hawith 100, 80 kg K/ha, respectively, which were significantly different form all other treatment combinations. The resultssuggested that nitrogen 175 kg/ha with potassium 80-120 kg/ha produced more effective flowering stalks and showedbetter performance on seed yield and quality of onion.

KEYWORDS: Onion, Nitrogen And Potassium Fertilizer, Seed Production.


7

MEDICINAL PLANT CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES: THERAPEUTICAPPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTION OF DESIRED SECONDARY

METABOLITES

Mishra TulikaDepartment of Botany, St. Joseph’s College for Women, Civil lines Gorakhpur-273009, Uttar Pradesh


ABSTRACTPlant cell cultures represent a potential source of valuable secondary metabolites which can be used as food additives,nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. The development of plant tissue cultures for the production of secondary metaboliteshas been underway for more than three decades. Plant cell cultures with the production of high-value secondarymetabolites are promising potential alternative sources for the production of pharmaceutical agents of industrial importanceThe synthesis of phytochemicals by the cell cultures in contrast to these in plants is independent of environmentalconditions and quality fluctuations. In many cases, the chemical synthesis of metabolites is not possible or economicallyfeasible. Medicinal plant cell suspension cultures which are characterized with the feature of totipotency, could be apromising alternative "chemical factory". Moreover, the natural food additives are better accepted by consumers incontrast to those which are artificially produced. One of the main problems encountered is the lack of basic knowledge ofthe biosynthetic routes, and mechanisms responsible for the production of plant metabolites. This review generalizes andanalyzes the recent progress of this bioproduction platform for the provision of medicinal chemicals and outlines a range oftrials taken or underway to increase product yields from these cultures.

KEYWORDS: Secondary Metabolites, Pharmaceuticals, Suspension Cultures, Medicinal Plants.

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF ENDOPHYTESISOLATED FROM MENTHA PIPERITA L.

1*Mukesh Kumar, 2Mathur Abhishek1Research Scholar, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

2Sr. Scientist & Head (Technical), Environmental Biotech & Engineering Co. (EBEC) Delhi- NCR-110012, India*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTEndophytes are those microorganisms that inhabit interior of plants especially leaves, stems, roots shows no apparent harmto host. Almost all classes of vascular plants and grasses examined to date are found to host endophytic organisms. Theseendophytes are diverse group of microbes which may be bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes etc. It is meant that there is a greatdiversity of population of microbes residing in the tissues of most of the medicinal plants and thus are able to produce thesimilar kind of secondary metabolites as is produced by the specific plant tissue. Thus there is a need to explore thebiodiversity and medical importance of such microbes residing in the plant tissues. In the present investigation, the putativeendophytes were isolated from leaves and stems of Mentha piperita (pepermint) plant. A total of 4 different bacterialendophytes were isolated from leaves which were marked as L1, L2, L3 and L4 while only 2 different types of bacterialendophytic cultures were isolated from stems of the plant which were marked as S1 and S2. These bacterial endophyteswere isolated and maintained in pure form on LB medium. These bacterial endophytes were further screened forbiochemical tests and gram staining in order to confirm the genera of bacteria isolated. These bacterial cultures werebacilli, cocci and coco-bacilli. The 4 dominant endophytic bacteria isolated from leaves were identified as Gram positivebacilli (MPGPB), gram positive cocci (MPGPC), gram negative bacilli (MPGNB) which were marked as L1, L2, L3 andL4 respectively. The 2 dominant bacterial endophytes isolated from stem were identified as gram negative cocci (MPGNC)and gram positive cocco-bacilli (MPGPCB). These stem endophytes were marked as S1 and S2 respectively. No recordingof fungal endophytes was observed on PDA medium plates. These cultures were further progressed for the production ofsecondary metabolites in order to determine the antimicrobial potential against pathogenic microbial strains viz.Leuconostoc mesentroides, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The results were found to be very effective when the bacterial endophytic isolates viz. L2, L3,L4 and S1 showed potency against the pathogenic strains.

KEY WORDS: Bacterial Endophytes, Mentha Piperita, Leaves, Stems, Antimicrobial Activity.


8

STUDIES ON FLORAL CHRECTERISTICS OF WALNUT GENOTYPES

Sharma Girish, *Negi Deepika, Thakur Kiran and Sajwan ParamjeetDept. of Fruit Science, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan (HP), India, 173230.


ABSTRACTThe present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Field of Department of Fruit Science, Dr Y S ParmarUniversity of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan (HP) to know the floral characteristics in different walnut genotypesto assess their suitability as pollinizers to enhance walnut production and productivity. The trial was laid out in RBD withthree replications on twelve genotypes. The variations among different walnut genotypes, in respect of catkin length, catkinbud burst, time and duration of male flowering, time and duration of female flowering and pollen shedding were observed.Partap was early to flower and late in ‘Meylannaise’. Shimla Selection had the maximum value (16.08 cm) for catkinlength and was significantly superior compared to all other genotypes. Minimum value (6.12 cm) was observed in‘Meylannaise’. The catkins length in Shimla Selection was 9.96 times longer as compared to that of ‘Meylannaise’.Number of catkins per inflorescence was highest (6) in ‘Hartley’, Kullu Selection, Kashmir Selection and KainthalSelection whereas Partap registerd lowest value for it. The male flowering ranged from as early as 15th March (Partap) to30th April (Meylannaise), female flowering from 25th March (Hartly) to 7th May (Montignac) and pollen shedding from19th March (Partap) to 26th April (Montignac). Genotypes Gobind, Montignac, Kinnaur Selection and Sirmour Selectiontook lesser time for completion of female flowering while ‘Hartley’ and Kullu Selection had longest time of femaleflowering. Most of the genotypes were protandrous and clustering behaviour of them was determinate.

KEYWORD: Walnut, catkin characters, protandry, pollen shadding.

REVIEW ON ADVANCES IN PLANT PROPAGATION OF WALNUT*Negi Deepika, Thakur Kiran, Sajwan Paramjeet and Mishra Gopa

Department of fruit science, Dr YSPUHF, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India- 173230*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe rich protein and oil content of walnut makes it indispensable for human nutrition. Therefore, walnut is classified as astrategic species for human nutrition. This imposes the necessity to propagate only varieties of good biological andeconomic value. The ambience of north- western Himalayas are competent for the cultivation of nut crops like walnut.Nevertheless, the major cramp in the augmentation of region under nut crops is non availability of grafted or budded plantsof superior cultivars. The majority of the walnut orchards are of seedling origin, which are highly variable and producingnuts of poor quality. Propagation of nut crops is more arduous than other fruit crops due to varied propagation problemsviz., scarcity of scion wood of superior cultivars for grafting and budding, low rate of callus formation due to presence ofhigh concentration of phenolic compounds, lack of standard propagation technique(s) and snail-paced growth rate (only20-30% seedlings attain graftable size in 1 year). The standardization of a suitable vegetative method of propagation is apre-requisite for the development of nut crop industry. Some commendable efforts have been made by various researcherson the propagation of walnut by using advanced techniques e.g. hot callus grafting, epicotyl grafting, chip budding, topwoking, nursery raising techniques etc. with a varying level of outcome (eg: Highest grafting success of 87.52 % with hotcallus grafting technique). The evolved method of walnut epicotyl grafting under production conditions resulted inprosperous tree propagation and could also be professed for Walnut production.

KEYWORDS: Budding, Epicotyl Grafting, Hot Callusing, Top Working, Walnut


9

EVALUATION OF SPUR TYPES AND COLOUR STRAINS OF APPLE

Sharma Girish, *Thakur Kiran, Negi Deepika and Sajwan ParamjeetDepartment of Fruit Science, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni - Solan,

Himachal Pradesh - 173230*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTApple is the major temperate fruit of Himachal Pradesh and in a period of 40-45 years its cultivation has achieved a statusof an industry, in various operations like planting, training, pruning, orchard management, harvesting, grading, packagingand finally for sale, labour is engaged throughout the year. Delicious group of cultivars has been the main stay of appleindustry in with passage of time and changes in climatic condition these cultivars are producing low yield, are showingbiennial bearing tendency, susceptibility to spring frost and frequency of fluctuating temperature has increased. Furthercultivars of this specific group mature within ashort period and cause a glut in market. A number of early colour strains andspur types were introduced and evaluated for more than ten years at main campus of University of Horticulture andForestry, Nauni-Solan. Higher yield was observed for cultivars Vance Delicious, Top red, Hardiman, compared to StarkingDelicious. Pollinizing cultivars namely Tydeman’s Early Worcestor matures the earliest whereas some new strains ofdelicious matured about more than 15-20 days earlier than Starking Delicious. Both Starkspur Golden and Golden SpurDelicious matured very late. Based on evaluvation Top Red and Vance Delicious (Standard type) and spur type Redspurperformed better at low altitude where colour development is a problem. Further the cultivars matured early, colour wasmore intense compared to Starking Delicious. Among pollinizing spur types Starkspur Golden produced higher yield andquality too was better than Golden spur Delicious.

KEYWORDS: Apple, HP, glut, glut, Redspur, Starkspur Golden.

A STUDY ON THE FORAGING BEHAVIOUR OF HYMENOPTERANS ONVEGETABLE CROPS IN THE SOUTH-24-PARGANAS DISTRICT OF

WEST BENGAL, INDIA

Sengupta Panchali and Ghorai NarayanDepartment of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India

ABSTRACTBees are known to display a systematic foraging behaviour which involves their ability to identify only rewarding floralresource on non-random basis. By pollinating a wide variety of cultivated and wild plants, bees contribute towards 1/3rd ofglobal food production. Significantly, vegetable crop species are known to serve as profitable resource base for a majorityof such pollinators. Thus the present study was designed to document the foraging hymenopterans on seven vegetable cropspecies (Solanum melongena, Solanum lycopersicum, Abelmoschus esculentus, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Capsicumannuum, Raphanus sativus, Allium cepa) across the study site (viz. Lakshmikantapur-22°22'N,88°37'E and Narendrapur-21°94'N,88°44'E) situated in the South-24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. The entire study was conducted fromJanuary 2015 - December 2015. 20 hymenopteran species were observed foraging on crop species during this entire studyperiod. A synchrony between peak blooming period of flowers and maximum number of foraging hymenopterans as notedprobably elaborate an attempt by these bees to maximize the energy intake per unit time during peak blooming period ofthese plants. Greater visitation rate of Xylocopa, Bombus orientalis, Apis and Megachile on flowering plant species wereobserved. Additionally, Xylocopa and Apis spend longer duration of time foraging on flowers of crop species. Greatervisitation rate and longer duration of visits on flowers makes Xylocopa bees the most popular non apis forager in thisstudy. This could probably be attributed to their ability to forage from a wide repertoire of food plants throughout the year.Additionally, Solanum melongena, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Raphanus sativus, Allium cepa were observedattracting a large number of insect visitors in this study. Such studies on pollinator behaviour of some hymenopterans totheir foraging resource could help in understanding the pollination services rendered by them.

KEYWORDS: Solanum, Abelmoschus, Brassica, Capsicum Raphanus Allium, Xylocopa, Bombus, Megachile


10

MITOINHIBITORY AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF FUNGICIDEMANCOZEB ON ALLIUM CEPA L. ROOT MERISTEM

1Fatma Firdos, 0Kamal Aisha and 2Srivastava Alka1Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India

2In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow -226007, (U.P.) India*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTMancozeb, a polymeric complex of manganese ethylene – 1, 2-bis (dithio- carbamate) with a zinc salt, is a widely usedfungicide. In the present study we have evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the fungicide mancozeb on rootmeristems of Allium cepa L. The root meristems of A. cepa L. were treated with eight different concentrations (10ppm,30ppm, 50ppm, 70ppm, 90ppm, 110ppm, 130ppm, 150ppm) of mancozeb for 24 and 48 h duration. Exposure to differentconcentrations of pesticide showed a progressive concentration and time related inhibition of the mitotic activity ofmeristematic cells. The mitotic index was minimum at the highest concentration (150ppm) of mancozeb. Additionally, awide range of abnormal mitotic stages, were detected in treated cells when compared to control. The total percentage ofaberrations generally increased as the concentration and time of treatment increased. Among these, frequently observedchromosomal abnormalities were sticky prophase, disorientation at metaphase and anaphase, C ‐ metaphase, clumpedmetaphase and anaphase, anaphase bridges and laggard chromosomes. This study indicates that mancozeb decreased themitotic index and produced clastogenic and aneugenic types of abnormalities in Allium cepa root tip cells. The dataobtained in this study showed that plant bioassays is a useful and an important test system to detect possible genotoxicityof chemicals.

KEYWORDS: Polymeric complex, mitotic activity, clastogenic, aneugenic types.

RESPONSE OF ORGANIC INPUTS ON YIELD, QUALITY AND SOILMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN MANGO CV. DASHEHARI

Ram R. A., Singha Atul and vaish SupriyaDivision of Crop Production, ICAR- Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow- 226 101, India

ABSTRACTIn on going experiment on mango cv. Dashehari, seven treatments comprising of T1- FYM (50kg/plant), T2- FYM(50kg/plant) + Azospirillum culture + PSB @ 250 g/tree, T3-FYM (50kg/plant) + Azotobacter culture + PSB @ 250 g/tree,T4- Vermicompost (50k g/plant), T5-Vermicompost (50k g/plant) + Azospirillum culture + PSB @ 250 g/tree, T6-Vermicompost (50 kg/plant) + Azotobactor culture + PSB @ 250g/tree, T7- FYM (50 kg/plant) + Azospirillum culture +PSB @ 250 g/tree + vermiwash (5 liters 1:1 ratio) were applied during the month of September. Maximum increase inplant height (0.20 cm) was recorded with application of T7 and minimum 0.13 cm with T1. Annual increase in plant spread(N-S) 0.25 cm was also recorded maximum T7 followed by 0.22 with T6 and minimum 0.17 cm with T1. Observations onannual increase in tree girth and canopy spread (E-W) varied non-significantly. Maximum increase in plant height (0.20cm) was recorded with application of T7 and minimum 0.13 cm with T1. Annual increase in plant spread (N-S) 0.25 cmwas also recorded maximum with T7 followed by 0.22 with T6 and minimum 0.17 cm with T1. Maximum yield (96.24 kg/tree) was recorded with application of T7 followed by T4 and minimum (50.14 kg /tree) with T1. Observations on averagefruit weight, diameter and length also varied significantly. Maximum av. fruit weight (254.66g) was recorded with T6 andminimum 208.66 g with application of T1. Improvement in fruit quality with application of different treatments was alsoobserved and maximum TSS (20.33 0Brix) recorded with T7, T2 and T3. Minimum acidity (0.23 %) was recorded withapplication of T5 and highest (0.36 %) with T2.Total bacterial population was significantly improved (16.20 x 107 cfu/g) with application of T7, fungal (13.57 x 104 cfu/g)and actinomycetes (13.57 x 104 cfu/g) population was also increased with application of T6. Significant improvement indefydrogenase activity in soil (4.37 µg TPF /g /hr) was noticed with T7 while maximum fluorescin diacetate activity wasrecorded (960.66 fluorescin k/g /hr) with T7. Minimum microbial population (bacteria 7.63 x 107 cfu/g, fungi – 10.40 x 104

cfu/g and actinomycetes – 9.50 x 104 cfu/g), DHA (1.86 µg TPF /g /hr) and FDA (515.33 mg fluorescin k/g /hr) wasrecorded with T1. Maximum net return Rs.73439.65 /ha was recorded with T7 followed by Rs. 68484.88 /ha with T6 andminimum (Rs.30927.95 /ha) in T1. Maximum benefit cost ratio (4.22) was obtained with T7 followed by 4.07 in T6 andminimum (2.60) in T1

KEYWORDS: Mango, Dashehari, improvemnent, bacterial population, benefit cost ratio.


11

POST HARVEST BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENT LETTUCE CULTIVARS ANDTHEIR CUT FORMS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS

Patil Supriya S., *Dhumal Sangram S., Patgaonkar Deepak R., Garande Vishnu K. and Kaur ManpreetDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur – 416004, (MPKV Rahuri)


ABSTRACTThe four leaf type lettuce cultivars i.e. GKL-1, GKL-2, GKL-3 and Chinese Yellow were evaluated for postharvestbehavior during storage. The harvested fresh leaves of different lettuce cultivars were processed into two forms i.e. wholeleaf form and cut form (5x3 cm) and were stored at two storage conditions i.e. refrigerated storage (5±1°C) and ZECC (9-15°C). Results revealed that whole leaf form of lettuce cultivars stored in refrigerated condition recorded minimumchanges in physico-chemical parameters. With the advancement of storage period decrease in per cent moisture, ascorbicacid and polyphenol content was observed in all treatments irrespective of cultivars, forms and storage conditions. Themaximum per cent browning and decay was observed in ZECC storage which was minimum in refrigerated storage. Thewhole leaf form of lettuce cultivar Chinese Yellow recorded shelf life of 15 days when stored at refrigerated storage(5±10C), whereas other cultivars (GKL-1, GKL-2 and GKL-3) recorded shelf life of 12 days. Whole leaf form of Lettucecultivars stored in ZECC condition recorded shelf life upto 6 days while fresh-cut lettuce recorded shelf life of 3 days inZECC. Fresh-cut lettuce recorded accelerated physiological loss in weight, moisture loss with increase in browning anddecay percentage. Decrease in per cent moisture, ascorbic acid and polyphenol content with increase in physiological lossin weight was recorded in all treatments over the period of storage irrespective of cultivars, forms and storage conditions.The whole leaf form of lettuce cultivar Chinese Yellow recorded minimum changes in physico-chemical parameters andcontrolled enzymatic browning which maintained sensorial marketable quality and enhanced acceptability of lettuce leavesup to 15 days when stored at refrigerated storage (5±1°C).KEYWORDS: lettuce cultivars, physico-chemical parameters, Chinese Yellow.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SPICE EXTRACTS AGAINSTVIBRIO SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT REGION OF UTTAR PRADESH

LUCKNOW1*Tiwari Ashish, 2Shankar Uma, 3Pandey B. R., 4Sahni Divya

1ICAR Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow.2Division of Biotechnology, CytoGene Research & Development, Lucknow.

3 Dean, Science and Technology, Sai Nath university, Ranchi (Jharkhand)4ICAR Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India


ABSTRACTToday antibiotic resistance is turning out to be major challenge for the medical world. Thus focus shifts to medicinal plantsand natural sources as an alternative to the antibiotics. Herbal sources of drugs have been of interest since ancient times,thus easily accepted by general population. Considering the rich source and easy availability, five common spices(Cardamom-Elettaria cardamomum, Clove- Syzygium aromaticum, Asafoetida- Ferula assa-foetida, Oregano- Origanumvulgare, Garlic- Allium sativum) have been selected for the study to screen them for their antibacterial property againstboth pathogenic and non pathogenic species of Vibrio (V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, V. mimicusand V. alginolyticus).Extraction of the spices were done in three solvents i.e., acetone, ethanol and methanol. The studyrevealed that the methanolic extracts of oregano and garlic showed a distinct inhibitory effect against V.mimicus and V.cholera respectively. Clove, cardamom and asafoetida also exhibited a range of activities between intermediate tosusceptible. Also, some of the extracts of spices showed no activity at all against some or all of the target vibrio species.

KEYWORDS: Indian Spices, Extracts, Vibrio, Water Borne, Inhibition, Susceptible.


12

STINGING NETTLE: ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PLANT WITH FUTUREPROSPECT FOR HIMALAYAN AREA

Pant VasudhaSecretary Green Hills Trust, Almora, Uttarakhand

ABSTRACTIt is estimated that there are around 250000 to 300000 known plant species on the globe, however only 150 to 200 are usedas food by human (FAO 1999a). Today, 75 percent of the world’s food is generated from only 12 plants. Rice, maize andwheat collectively contribute nearly 60 percent of calories and proteins obtained by humans from plants. With the everincreasing population and fast depletion of plant resources it has now become necessary that due attention is paid toexplore new plant resource that has nutritional and health benefits (European Commission 2011). The challenge is not onlyto feed world population but also ensure them with nutritionally rich and healthy food as improved nutrition has highimpact on society as it leads to better health which would further lead to increased economic growth (Floros et al., 2010).Often the species consumed in large quantities are most explored in food and nutrition science, and limited consideration isgiven to lesser known but otherwise highly potential species. There is need to create awareness among people about locallyconsumed species that form an important part of diet. Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is one such species that is foundwidely in temperate and tropical Asia, Europe, northern America and northern Africa and consumed by traditionalsocieties. Stinging Nettle (locally known as Bicchooghas /Shisoon in Kumaun region), is a perennial wild herb that cangrow at an altitude ranging from 1200-3000 m and is found growing in waste land, gardens, hedges of the terraced fields,slops of the mountain and so on. Nettle is a subject of scientific interest and product development in all the countrieswherever it is found. Every part of the plant including tender shoots, leaves, stem, seeds and root is being used for thebenefit of human, animal or environment. However no such effort has been made to study and utilize the plant in India.Our observations indicate that being hardy and perennial herb it is more climatic resilient in case of abrupt climaticchanges and its productivity is not much affected in the erratic climatic fluctuations. Literature from all over the worldindicates that it has a long history of being used as a source of food, fiber and medicine. As medicine it has been usedtraditionally to treat painful muscles, joints, gout, rheumatism and also prostate problems. A rich source of protein andchlorophyll with many necessary minerals like iron, calcium, magnesium, nettle also provides vitamins C, A, B1, B2, Eand K. Being rich in nitrogen it provides excellent fertilizer for the soil. If proper focus and research is channelized onagricultural, medicinal, food, soil and human health and environmental aspects of this plant it can prove to be arevolutionary plant in hilly region of Uttarakhand. If used as a food supplement it will be an answer to the prevailingnutritional deficiencies and also can work as preventive measure for many diseases if consumed as tea or decoction. Withits multiple uses and valuable research focus, nettle will prove to be cash crop in declining agriculture scenario ofUttarakhand. Need is to realize its vast potential for the benefit of the state

KEYWORDS: Kumaun region, Urtica dioica L., nutritional deficiencies, cash crop.

DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF ENDOPHYTICFRACTIONS OF MENTHA PIPERITA AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROBES

1*Juyal Preeti, 2Mathur Abhishek1Himalayan University, Arunachal Pradesh, India; 2NCFT, New Delhi & Institute of Transgene Life Sciences,

Dehradun (U.K), India*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTEndophytic microorganisms asymptomatically colonize healthy plant tissues and may be related to the plant's resistance toattack by pathogens or even to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The present study was aimed at isolating andcharacterizing endophytic strains from the leaves, stems and roots of Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae). Coarse and fine leaves,stems and root fragments after surface sterilization with internal procedures were collected to isolate endophytes. After 10days of incubation, the colonization rate (CR) of the fragments and the endophytic were purified and maintained in culturemedium. The bacteria were partially characterized using Gram staining and fungi were identified by distinguishingbetween reproductive structures using a micro-culture technique. The endophytic CR was more significant in coarse rootfragments. In roots, the percentage of bacteria was higher than the percentage of fungi while in leaves and stems, thepercentage of fungi was higher in comparison to bacteria. Gram-positive bacilli (MPGPB) and gram positive coco-bacilli(MPGPCB) were accounted for the majority of bacterial isolates. Amongst all the fungal isolates, the majority hadsporulating mycelium, which mainly consisted of fungi from the genus Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma andPapulaspora. The antimicrobial activity of dominant endophytes were checked after preparation of solvent broth cultureagainst test bacterial cultures viz. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonasaeruginosa. The results were found to be very significant and surprising as all these endophytic solvent fractions showedpotent antimicrobial activity against the test organisms.

KEYWORDS: Mentha piperita, Endophytes, antimicrobial activity, pathogens.


13

VARIETAL ASSESSMENT OF WHEAT CROP UNDER MAIZE- POTATO -POTATO- MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEM

1Binod Kumar1, 2Shashikant and 3Singh Govind1Scientist Agronomy Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kannauj U.P.

2Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kannauj U.P.(Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology. Kanpur UP 208 002)

3 Former Scientist, Remote Sencing Institute, Lucknow UP.*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTWheat is the staple food of majority of Indian population. Large variations were noticed in wheat production during lastfive agricultural years. Bad weather conditions coupled with non adjusted choice of proper varieties resulted 1.45% and9.72% negative wheat production during 2013 and 2015 respectively. Keeping the utmost requirement of proper selectionof varieties, an on farm trial was conducted in different locations of kannauj district using three varieties i.e. K-7903, K-924 and K-9423 under varied late sown condition. Kannauj district is known for Maize- Potato-Potato-Maize croppingsystem. Because of heavy nutrients miner crops the ground water levels is going down in an accelerated manner. Thereforea potato crop was replaced with late sown wheat varieties for food security and enhancing the wheat production inparticular. During 2014-15, wheat variety namely K-9423 gave highest yield which was followed by K-924 and K-7903with production of 39.65, 38.55 and 36.12 quintals /hectare respectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that use of K-9423 performed better and found most suitable crop for cultivation under stress conditions.

KEYWORDS: Wheat, varieties, Kannauj district, suitable crop, cultivation, stress conditions.

METHODS TO ESTIMATE THE ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS IN FORESTECOSYSTEM

*Shukla Uma, Bajpai Shubham, Pandey Ruby, Singh Harendra and Shukla D. NBhargava Agricultural Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002,

Uttar Pradesh, India*Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTForest ecosystems are one of the most important carbon sinks of the terrestrial ecosystem. Accurate estimation andmapping the distribution of forest biomass is prerequisite in answering a long-standing debate on the role of forestvegetation in the regional and global carbon cycle. Above Ground Biomass (AGB) is the most important and visiblecarbon pool of terrestrial forest ecosystem. This review paper includes a variety of approaches and data sources have beenused to estimate forest’s AGB: (i) field measurement; (ii) remotely sensed data; or (iii) ancillary data used in GIS-basedmodelling. Depending on the aim of the study, different compromises concerning the used methods appeared to beinevitable. Each method has been proven to be useful and has shown its advantages and disadvantages. The objective inthis paper is to review and summarize a range of approaches that could be adapted to estimate above ground biomass inNatural forests along with advantages and constraints associated therewith.

KEYWORDS: Above-Ground Biomass, Forest Biomass, Carbon Stocks, Biomass Estimation, Remote Sensing.


14

RODENT MIGRATION FOLLOWING GREGARIOUS BAMBOOFLOWERING AND POSSIBLE OUTBREAKS OF RODENT BORNEZOONOTIC DISEASES IN NORTH-EASTERN HILL REGION WITH

PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MIZORAM, INDIA

Biswas ShyamalFormer Joint Director & Head, National Centre for Disease Control, Plague Surveillance Unit,

Min.of Health & FW, Govt.of India, NTI campus, Bangalore-560 003*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTBamboo is a versatile Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) with a wide range of domestic, commercial and industrialuses. Bamboos account for 12.8 percent approximately of the total forest cover in India. The NEH region harbours morethan 66 percent of the Indian Bamboo genetic resources. Out of 125 bamboo sp. available in India, 8.4 taxa are found inNEH region. Mizoram occupies the largest forest area (30.8%) under different bamboo species, followed by Meghalayawith 26.0 percentThe gregarious bamboo flowering of Melocanna baccifera or Mautam occurs periodically after every 48 ± 1 years andcauses ecological imbalance in North-Eastern Hill region comprising of seven contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh,Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Nagaland. Bamboo plants die after flowering and fruiting and leavingbare and exposed soil, which is disastrous in mountainous states. Secondly, rodents feed on the flowers and seeds of thedying bamboo, leading to a rapid growth in their numbers, which migrate towards agricultural fields, granaries and destroystanding crops and stored grains. The destruction of crops results in food scarcity and famine. The epidemiologicalimbalance also leads to increased risk of infection in man and animals or outbreak of rodent-borne diseases. The modes oftransmission are through rat bite, insect vector bites- fleas and other ecto-parasites or contamination of food, water and airby rodent urine or excreta. Some of these diseases require immediate control measures to minimize the morbidity andmortality in local inhabitants. From historical or scientific records, it is believed that masting of Mau bamboo- Melocannabaccifera occurred across north-eastern India in 1815, 1862, 1911, and 1958. A Melocanna masting event occurred onschedule in Mizoram in 2006-09. The crops suffered massive damage, with yields at 30 year low. It was reported thatspontaneous increase in rodent population due to high nutritive value of bamboo fruits, reduction in cannibalism due to theavailability of plenty of food during bamboo flowering and change in the ecological conditions resulting in ‘r’-pattern ofrodent breeding might be the probable reasons for the rodent outbreaks. The rodent fauna of the Indian sub-continent isrepresented by 46 genera and 128 species. Out of 18 commensal rodents, Rattus rattus is the most predominant species. InNEH region, Rattus spp. forms about 45% of the total rodent population (specially, R. nitidus-24.51%) followed by Musspp. (16.9% M. musculus) and Bandicota bengalensis (lesser bandicoot rat) about 31.5%. Rodents responsible for faminein the years of bamboo flowering are R. rattus, R. nitidlis, R. niviventer and R.r. brunnellsculus. Mizoram was underthreats during bamboo flowering because Myanmar -a high risk area for transmission of plague, salmonellosis beingendemic in Mizoram with frequent food poisoning outbreaks, gastroenteritis being second leading health problem indicatesunsafe food and drinking practices. Higher attitudes and practices of people towards rodents including consumption oftheir flesh, difficult terrains and inaccessible remote or interior villages with poor health facilities were the real threats forthe transmission of rodent borne diseases. The state had prepared a series of Bamboo Flowering and Famine CombatSchemes (BAFFACOS) in 2005 for inter- sectoral co-ordination with various departments like agriculture, health, ruralworks and public works. A central team of rodent and rodent borne disease experts from CAZRI, Jodhpur; NIPHM,Hyderabad and National Central for Disease Control, Plague Surveillance Unit, Bangalore visited Mizoram several timesduring 2006-2009 for making on the spot assessment, to demonstrate rodent pest management and surveillance, preventionand control of rodent borne diseases in the region and to train the workers involved in surveillance and control works.

KEYWORDS: Non-Timber Forest Products, NEH region, Melocanna baccifera, M. musculus, rodent pest.


15

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN VEGETABLESAND SOIL IRRIGATED WITH GANGA RIVER WATER AT ALLAHABAD,

INDIA*Pandey Ruby, Raghuvanshi Divya, Sharma Pramod Kumar, Singh Harendra, Shukla Uma and Dikshit

AnupamDepartment of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India

*Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in soil as well as in leafy vegetables, irrigated byGanga river water at three different sites of Allahabad district. Three vegetables as Brassica campestris,Coriandrumsativumand Spinaciaoleracea have been analyzed for six heavy metals viz: Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Soilsamples were also analyzed for the heavy metals to assess the contamination level by evaluation of different factors viz:enrichment factor (EFc), geoaccumulation index ( Igeo) and ecological potential risk (RI). Six samples (three vegetablesamples and three soil samples) from each site were taken then analyzed and compared with the safe limits of variousagencies such as FAO/WHO, RML, MRL etc. Result revealed that the concentration of all the heavy metals in vegetableswere below the maximum recommended limit (MRL) except the Pb metal (0.74 mg/kg) whereas in soil samples all theheavy metals found below the detectable limits. It is also found that the factors such as enrichment, index ofgeoaccumulation and ecological potential risk index for all the analyzed samples reported deficiency to minimal,unpolluted and low risk respectively. However, to prevent any chronic health risk and extent of heavy metal contaminationsteps must be taken to reduce human activities at the sites and the regular monitoring of heavy metals in soil andvegetables grown in wastewater irrigated areas is also necessary.

KEYWORDS:Ganga river; heavy metals; enrichment factor (EFc); geoaccumulation index ( Igeo) and ecological potential risk index(RI)

STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CUSTARD APPLE (ANNONASQUAMOSA L.) UNDER SEMIARID AREAS OF GUJARAT

Yadav Vikas, Singh A. K., Singh Sanjay, Appa Rao V. V. & Saroj P. L.Central Horticultural Experiment Station (CIAH),Vejalpur, Panchmahals (Godhra), Gujarat

ABSTRACTCustard apple is being growing through seedling origin of local strain; few named varieties are either available or knownby the growers. However, huge diversity in custard apple is present in famer’s field, forest area and road side of villages inGujarat. So far systematic research findings and recommendations are scanty to harvest potential of custard apple in dryland area of country. Keeping in view the above facts in background, an extensive survey was made to identify and collectsuperior genotype of custard apple from diversified areas of Gujarat during 2015-16. Till now twenty five elite custardapple genotypes have been collected from different parts of Gujarat. Wide range of genetic diversity has been observedwith respect to various aspects like growth, flowering, fruiting and qualitative characters of custard apple which inviteimmense opportunity to explore the germplasm for superior type from existing population. Result of study revealed that thedifferent genotypes exhibited huge variability with respect to fruit weight (110.45 – 335.37 g), fruit length (45.32- 84.12mm), fruit breadth (55.28-95.92 mm), pulp weight (50.75 to 205.87 g), rind weight (33.47 – 143.28 g), rind thickness(2.29 – 4.65 mm), specific gravity (0.83-1.37), seed length (9.40-14.90 mm), seed width (5.10-8.32 mm), seed thickness(2.90-5.10 mm), number of flakes with seed (12-63), number of without seed (2-25), total no. of flakes (22-68), flakelength (17.72-28.85 mm), flake breadth (10.15-18.36 mm), TSS of pulp (26.61-32.630Brix), acidity (0.20-0.30), total sugar(12.48-17.55 %), vitamin C (18.25 -38.24 mg/100 ml of fruit juice) and TSS/Acid ratio (88.70-174.72) among thegenotype studied for physico-chemical characters. Based on the observations genotype CHES-CA 12, CHES-CA 18 andCHES-CA 20 were found superior for various qualitative and quantative fruit characters. Some genotypes found growingon sole rocks in forest and road side of villages have been collected to screen against abiotic stress under dry landcondition of western India.

KEYWORDS: custard apple, diversified areas, qualitative characters, physico-chemical characters.


16

REPORT ON LEPIDOPTERA PEST DIVERSITY ON APPLEPLANTATAIONS (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) IN JAMMU PROVINCE,

J&K, INDIAGupta Ruchie and Tara J. S.

University of Jammu-180006, Jammu & Kashmir, India*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTLepidoptera (scaly winged insects) is the third largest order after Coleoptera and Hymenoptera which includes moths,butterflies and skippers. Holloway et al., (1992) reported about 2,00,000 species of Lepidoptera out of which 15,000species are butterflies on global basis and remaining moths. They are holometabolus i.e., egg, larva, pupa and adult arepresent in their life cycle. India can be considered as the home of apples which are grown in Jammu and Kashmir,Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand hills in North-West India. Several pests have been recorded attacking apple crop since,its introduction and commercialization, but no estimation on the damage caused by them has been recorded. The status ofinsect and mite pests infesting apple in Himachal Pradesh was determined by Bhardwaj and Bhardwaj (1998). A largenumber of survey-cum-collection tours were undertaken in different parts of Jammu and adjoining areas during appleplantation and reported eight Lepidopteran pests attacking apple plantations. Three species of family Lymantriidae, twospecies of family Lasiocampidae, and one each species of families Gelechiidae, Geometridae and Limacodidae arecollected and identified. The standard techniques given by Common, 1970; Klots, 1970; Robinson, 1976 and Zimmerman,1978 were consulted for various morphological and genitalic characters. The species of families Lymantriidae andGelechiidae were observed as abundant whereas Lasiocampidae and Limacodidae are less abundant. Three species arerecorded for the first time on apple plantations in Jammu province. The details on an inventory, geographical distribution,host plants, diagnostic features, biology and their damage on apple plantations will be highlighted during the Conference.

KEYWORDS: Lepidoptera, Pest, Apple, Malus Domestica, Holometabolous.

PHYSIOLOGY OF FLOWERING IN LITCHI VERSES MANGO: ACONCEPT

1Singh Sanjay Kumar, 2Nath Vishal and 3Singh V K1, 2ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur 842 002, Bihar

3ICAR-Central Institute of Sub-Tropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTLychee or litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) produces leaf flushes, flowers and fruit onterminals of new growth. The reproductive phase is associated with the ability to alternate between the production ofvegetative and reproductive buds. The stress factors like water stress, cold winter and post harvest tip pruning (whichsynchronize vegetative flush) reiterative pruning during winter and foliar application of KNO3 are the triggering factors toinduce dormancy which promotes flowering in litchi and mango. The maturity of terminal shoots and accumulation ofcarbohydrate in the shoot apex are associated with the synthesis of the floral stimulus. The litchi trees must experience oneflush of vegetative growth immediately after harvest (must take rest for 4 to 6 weeks prior to winter-spring flush forpanicle formation) and require a minimum number of three flushes for adequate flowering. The flushes maturing earliest(before the winter period) produce floral shoots, while trees maturing quite late produce vegetative shoots. The transitionfrom vegetative to floral development takes place with genetical expression of high cytokinin concentration in the shootapex. The chlorophyll concentration dependent photosynthesis rate of lychee leaves on younger flushes and adjacent tofruit, is greater than that on shaded older flushes. Development of the vegetative shoot of mango from initiation of growthto full elongation requires 3–6 weeks, depending on the cultivar and climatic conditions. A shoot usually produces about12 nodes that bear leaves if it is vegetative, lateral inflorescences if it is reproductive, or both leaves and inflorescenceswithin the same nodes if it is mixed. Gibberellic acid (GA) prevents a mature mango tree from flowering, decreased GAslevels beyond a certain threshold leads to the development of floral initials probably through the accumulation ofcarbohydrates and floral bud break, which is possible with spray of “flower-inducing” chemicals like potassium nitrate,thiourea, ethylene or palobutrazol (promote level of sugar and protein). The florigenic promoter (FP) that is continuouslysynthesized in mango leaves and carried to buds through phloem induces flowering. Induction (occurs in stems that haveattained sufficient time in rest since the previous flush) appears to be governed by the interaction of the FP and a vegetativepromoter (VP). Regular bearing cultivars has higher chlophyll content, total sugar, total protein, NR activities and higherdiffusion resistance capacity than biennial bearing cultivars might lead to floral induction even in new shoot in later.Likewise mango, litchi does require cool temperatures for floral induction under subtropical conditions. Litchi and mangogrown in the low-latitude tropics rely less on low temperature.

KEYWORDS: Litchi chinensis, Mangifera indica, reproductive phase, florigenic promoter, vegetative promoter.


17

INFLUENCE OF SPLIT APPLICATION OF NPK ON MULBERRY LEAFYIELD UNDER TEMPERATE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KASHMIR

* Nooruldin S., Afifa, Kamili S., Mir M. R., Baqual M.F. and Sharma R. K.Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund

Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir- 191121, India.*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACTA study was taken to assess Influence of split application of NPK on leaf yield under temperate climatic conditions of

Kashmir. The experiment was laid down in RBD with 11 different combinations of N P K and two controls, one where nofertiliser was used and the other as per package of practices for temperate region. Fertilisers were applied in two splits, firstin the first week of April and the second split in the last week of June after harvesting first crop. Nitrogen was applied inthree levels viz., N1, N2 and N3 (150 +150; 180 + 120 and 120 + 180), phosphorus in two levels viz., P1 and P2 (120 + 00and 60 + 60) and potassium was also applied in two levels K1 and K2 (120 + 00 and 60 + 60) respectively. Significantlyhigher leaf yield (14379.1 kg/ha) was recorded in autumn as against spring (12553.4 kg/ha). Higher levels of nitrogen inNPK combination did influence leaf yield (15196.5 kg/ha) in spring as well as in autumn (16850.7 kg/ha). Split applicationof NPK did reveal positive influence on the leaf production. During both seasons, treatments with higher levels of nitrogenrecorded higher yield suggesting the need for split application of P and K along with increased level of N for maximizationof leaf harvest during both seasons.

KEYWORDS: Mulberry, NPK, Season, Silkworm rearing, Split application, yield.

CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OFEXOPOLYSACCHARIDES PRODUCED BY RHIZOBIA ISOLATED FROM

ROOT NODULES OF MEDICINAL LEGUME TRIGONELLA (METHI)

Verma Maya, Banerjee Sulogna, *Arora Naveen KumarDepartment of Environmental Microbiology Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar,

Raebareli road, Lucknow- 226025*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTRhizobia are known as very efficient exopolysaccharide (EPS) producers and EPS plays an important role in variousbiotechnological applications. In this study twenty (R1-R20) EPS producing rhizobia were isolated from root nodules ofmedicinal plants named Trigonella growing in different areas of Lucknow (U.P.). All the isolates were checked for EPSproducing abilities and among all isolates R18 isolate was selected as best EPS producer. The optimization of EPSproduction by R18 isolate was done using different carbon sources utilization (glucose, galactose, dextrose, mannitol,mannose, lactose, and inositol), different nitrogen sources utilization (ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, sodiumnitrate, yeast extract, glycine, and potassium nitrate), pH variants (5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and different salt concentrations (1%,2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%). Results indicate that isolate R18 showed best growth when medium was amended with mannitol(1%) as carbon source and yeast extract (0.1%) as nitrogen source at pH- 8 and 3% salt concentration. At these optimumconditions isolate R18 was grown and EPS produced by it was extracted by centrifugation process. Extracted EPS wascharacterized and high amount of sugars were observed. Extracted EPS was also characterized by scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques.According to SEM analysis EPS was compact crystalline in nature with irregular shape and rough surface. EDS analysisshowed that in EPS the concentration of Ca, P, K were highest followed by O, C, Mg and S were also present in traceamounts. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis was done for functional group analysis of EPS. On the basis of FTIR analysis itwas observed that EPS was heteropolysaccharide with relative content of proteins and high amino sugars having hydroxyl,carboxyl and amino as main functional groups.

KEYWORDS: Rhizobia, EPS, Trigonella, Medicinal legumes,


18

BEHAVIOUR OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND QUALITY UNDER LOWAND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE STORAGE OF POTATO TUBERS

1Bandana, 2Singh Brajesh, 3Mehta Ashiv, 1Sharma Vineet and 1Manoj Kumar1Central Potato Research Institute Campus, Modipuram, Meerut-250 110 (U.P) India

2Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171 001 (H.P) India3Central Potato Research Station-144 002 (Pb) India

ABSTRACTTo investigate antioxidant defense system and stress induced changes antioxidant enzymes were studied in four potatocultivars: Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-3, Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Pukhraj kept at 4 and 12° C (CIPC, Isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbmate) up to 180 days of storage. Ascorbate peroxidase peaked from harvest up to 60 days of storage andthen decreased successively. The content of glutathione (GR) increased initially upon storing tubers at 60 days at both thetemperatures and then declined gradually to almost initial levels at 120 days of storage. GR activity was consistently higherin processing cultivars Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-3, Kufri Jyoti than Kufri Pukhraj. Catalase activity increased upto 60 days and indicated decrease at 90 days. Further increase was noticed at 120 days of storage. However, valuesobserved were more for tubers stored at low temperatures. Potatoes at elevated temperature were registered with decreasedlevels of catalase activity and the activity slowly returned to the level that was noticed during initial periods. Compared to12°C malondialdehyde content increased at low temperature storage and continued to increase with duration at lowtemperature up to end of storage. Dehydroascorbate levels decreased up to 30 days of storage and increased mildly up to90 days. The content decreased at 12°C at 120 days whereas opposite trend was observed at 4°C where, content increasedirrespective of all the varieties. Reducing sugars increased at 90 days of storage in all the varieties followed by suddendecrease upon further sampling. Potato stored at low temperature generally had higher reducing sugar concentrationcompared to storage at elevated temperature. It was observed that enzymes were more sensitive to low than at elevatedtemperature and potato varieties responded differently.

KEYWORDS: antioxidant defense system, four potato cultivars, GR activity.

SOIL FERTILITY MAPPING USING GIS IN NATIONAL SEED PROJECTFARMS OF N D UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY,

KUMARGANJ, FAIZABAD, ESTERN UTTAR PRADESH.*Singh Govind, 2Binod Kumar, 2Shashikant

1Former Project Scientist, Remote Sensing Applications Centre, Jankipuram, Lucknow, U. P.2Scientist KrishiVigyan Kendra, Kannauj, U. P.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] fertility parameter viz., pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), abailable macro and micro nutrients were determined insurface soil samples taken 100 meter grid intervals from all five units of National Seed Project farm soils of Nadradra DevaUniversity of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Amaniganj block, Faizabad District of Uttar Pradesh. Based on datamaps were prepared in GIS environment using ARC GIS 10.2.2. The surface soil sample have Soil reaction of all farmwere alkaline (pH>8.5), and organic carbon content (0.60 to 5.0 g kg-1), abailable nitrogen (94.00 to 198.00 kg ha-1),phosphorous (5.10 to 11.70 kg ha-1), and iron (1.30 to 8.70 mg kg-1) in all the farm units were low the available potassium(112.30 to 119.80 kg ha-1), sulphur (3.50 to 15.20 mg kg-1), zinc (0.40 to 0.90 mg kg-1), magnanese (1.00 to 6.00 mg kg-1)and cupper (0.10 to 0.60 mg kg-1) was madium. While exachangeble calcium (0.10 to 1.40 [cmol (p+) kg-1]) were low andmanganissium (1.20 to 11.00 [cmol (p+) kg-1]) was medium. In conformity with mean values described above, OCavailable N, P, and Fe were low and available K, S, Zn, Mn, Cu,was medium (100% area for each) suggesting maps arepreferred over means values.

KEYWORDS : Soil Fertility Map, GIS


19

POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY OF EURYALE FEROX SALISB.(MAKHANA) AND VALUE ADDITION FOR FOOD FOR FOOD SECURITY

WITH TECHNOLOGY SECTORS

Naghma PraweenDepartment of Botany, T.M. Bhagalpur University , Bhagalpur

Corrosponding author email: [email protected] harvest technology is inter -disciplinary ''Science and technique"applied to agricultural produce after harvest for itsprotection , conservation , processing ,packaging , distribution , marketing and utilization to meet the food and nutritionalrequirements of the people in relation to their needs .The plant foxnut belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae. It is popularlyknown as 'Makhana' in India. It grows in water and is found in India, korea, Japan, and Russia. The seeds of foxnut areused in Ayurvedic preparations. It strengthens the heart and is very useful in anemia. Makhana increases quality andquantity of semen, prevents premature ejaculation, increases lipido and helps in female infertility. It forms the basis forthousands of fishing families. Makhana seeds are processed by the traditional method which is laborious, time consumingand causes pains and injuries to the processors hand. It involves handling of hot roasted nut manually. Gorgon nutcomprises of hard shell and starcy kernel. For popping, hard shell requires some external force or impact to develop crackin the shell in hot condition, as soon as the crack develops in the shell, kernel gets popped out. To develop a machine forapplying the mechanical action to the nut, mechanical properties like rupture stress and strain and moduls of elasticity areto be taken into account. This is popularly due to hard shell of the nut. The collection of makhana seeds from the pondbottoms starts during the second half of August and is followed by the intricate proscessing methods leading to popping.The entire exercise is a tedious and painstaking operation and is carried out only by the experienced fisherman. The fisherman crawl under water to sweep the guries (seeds) into heaps which are then scooped out from the pond with the help ofbamboo appliansec like Auka and Gaanj and are threshed by the fact to remove the 1 membranous covering and thenthroughly washed by water of the same pond Makhana is being marketed mostly in its original i.e. popped form, Poppedmakhana is voluminous in nature which increases its price manifold in distant market and restricts its export also to limitedquantity in price manifold in distant market and restricts its export also to limited quantity in neighbouring and gulfcountries . If some ready to eat produce like salted makhana , sweetened makhana , dried makhana powder , makhanaflakes makhana kheer mix etc. and their packaging methods and materials are made available , makhana may be apotential source of hard currecies by exporting it to the developed countries . Some efforts have been made in thisdirection.

KEYWORDS: Popped makhana, experienced fisherman, Auka, Gaanj.

EFFECT OF ETHREL SPRAY ON THE RIPENING BEHAVIOUR OF MANGO(MANGIFERA INDICA L.) VARIETY 'DASHEHARI

*Gurjar P.S., Verma A. K., Dixit Abhay and Shukla D.K.Division of Post Harvest Management, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture,

Rehmankhera, Lucknow-226101, India.*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of post harvest spraying of different concentrations of ethrel (100,200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm) on ripening and colour development in ‘Dashehari’ mango fruits harvested in second week ofJune. The treated fruits were assessed for physicochemical parameters such as physiological loss in weight (PLW),firmness, TSS, titrable acidity, total carotenoids and peel chlorophyll and observations were recorded at 2 days intervalduring 8 days storage at ambient temperature. Changes in total soluble solids, total carotenoids and PLW showedincreasing trends up to 8 days during storage whereas fruit firmness, titrable acidity and total peel chlorophyll showeddecreasing trends. Ethrel spray at 600 ppm induced uniform ripening with attractive yellow colour within 4 days whileuntreated control fruits failed to ripen uniformly and remain light green even after 8 days of storage. Ripening advances by4 days in fruits sprayed with 600 ppm ethrel compared to unsprayed control fruits.

KEYWORDS: Ethrel Spray, Ripening, Uniform Colour, ‘Dashehari’ Mango.


20

INFLUENCE OF FRENCHBEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) TO LANDCONFIGURATION, MOISTURE REGIMES AND NUTRIENT

SUBSTITUTION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT MINING1Binod Kumar, 2Shashikant and 3Singh Govind

1Scientist Agronomy Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kannauj UP. 2Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kannauj UP(Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology. Kanpur UP 208 002)

3 Former Scientist, Remote Sencing Institute, Lucknow UP.*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTPulses are the main source of protein to vegetarian masses of India. French bean is one of the important crops consideredas it is very high in protein content (20-22 %) and minerals. The optimum temperature for better growth is 16-240C.Growth of plant ceases if temperature falls below 100C. Temperature above 350C cause dropping of buds and floweringresults in poor yield. French bean generally raised in areas receiving 50-150 cm annual rainfall. Water logging at any cropgrowth stage adversely affects its yield. Rains cause flower drop and spread of leaf spot diseases. Aberrant weather,prolonged dry spell, late onset and early cessation of monsoon compel us to invent new production technologies especiallywhen climate is changing globally. Therefore, keeping the scope and limitation into account a field trial was conducted onfrenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during 2010-12 at NDUA&T, Faizabad to study its response to various landconfigurations, moisture regimes and nutrient substitution (with and without organics) under eastern Indo-Gangetic plainsof UP. Significantly higher growth attributes in terms of plant height, number of branches and dry matter per plant atharvest, and yield attributes measured through pods/plant and seeds/ pod were observed under 15 cm raised bed landconfiguration, 1.0 IW/CPE moisture regime and application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 25% Nthrough biocompost as compared to the rest of the treatments. Leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth ratewere significantly superior with the above treatments viz., raised beds, moisture regime and 75% RDF + 25% N throughbio-compost. As a result, significantly higher seed/straw yield of frenchbean along with higher N, P and K uptake in themwere obtained under the above treatments.

KEYWORDS: French bean, optimum temperature, rainfall, Indo-Gangetic plains of UP.

RESPONSE OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE–BERSEEM CROPPING SYSTEM AND CHANGES IN SOIL PROPERTIES

OF SODIC SOIL

Yadav R. S., Singh Bagwan, Singh S. P.and Singh A. K.Forage Section , Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding ,

N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.)-224229*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted during 2009-10 to 2013-14 at Genetics and Plant Breeding Reseacrh Farm ofN.D.U.A.T., Faizabad to find out the effect of of soil amendments on productivity of rice –berseem cropping system andchanges in soil properties of sodic soil. The soil was silty loam with initial pH (1:2)9.1, organic carbon 0.21% E.C.(dSm-1)0.98, E.S.P.32.2, available N 115.6 kg /ha , P 19.2 kg/ha and K147.7 kg/ha. The experiment consisted of ten treatmentsviz; RDF (120kg N:60kg P2O5 : 40kg K2O: 25kg ZnSO4 kg/ha) ,RDF+FYM 10 t/ha, RDF+ gypsum 75%GR, RDF+ gypsum50%GR, RDF+ pressmud 75%GR, RDF+ pressmud 50%GR, RDF+ gypsum 75%GR+ FYM 10 t/ha, RDF+ gypsum50%GR+ FYM 10 t/ha, RDF+ pressmud 75%GR+ FYM 10 t/ha and RDF+ pressmud 50%GR+ FYM 10 t/ha were triedin randomized block design with three replications at the same site during the experimental period. All the treatmentsapplied in rice and berseem was taken with recommended fertilizer dose (25kgN: 80kg P2O5kg/ha). The pooled resultsrevealed that application of RDF+ gypsum 75%GR+ FYM 10 t/ha in rice – berseem cropping system producedsignificantly highest berseem forage equivalent yield (474.69q/ha) over rest of the treatments. Application of RDF+gypsum 75%GR+ FYM 10 t/ha in rice – berseem cropping system registered highest uptake of N, P and K (180.98, 30.83and 177.99kg; N, P2O5 and K2O/ha ,respectively). The application of different amendments brought down the value of pH,EC and ESP over its initial values. Whereas organic carbon content of the soil was increased over its initial value after thecrop cycle. The available N, P and K in soil increased slightly with the application of soil amendments as compared toinitial values.

KEYWORDS:- soil amendments , productivity, rice, berseem, crop cycle.


21

RESPONSE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS (ZN,K AND MG) ON SUGARCANE UNDER DROUGHT CONDITION

Jain Radha, Singh Anshu and Singh S.P.Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow-226002

ABSTRACTDrought is one of the major environmental stresses affecting growth and productivity of sugarcane in many areas oftropical and subtropical India. Tillering and grand growth phases are known as critical stages of drought-sensitivity due tothe high requirement of water for sugarcane growth. Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis in plants by closing stomataand damaging the chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic apparatus. It disturbs the balance between the production ofreactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defence, causing accumulation of ROS which induces oxidative stressto proteins, membrane lipids and other cellular component. Mineral elements have numerous functions in plants includingmaintaining charge balance, electron carriers, structural components, enzyme activation, and providing osmoticum forturgor and growth. Present study was aimed to assess the effect of foliar applications of essential nutrients (Zn, K and Mg)on physio-biochemical attributes of sugarcane subjected to drought stress. Single bud setts were planted in earthen potsfilled with soil. After about 60 days of planting, drought treatment was given by withholding water supply. Foliar spray ofessential nutrients (Zn, K and Mg) was performed at the onset of drought. The treatments comprised of control (D1),drought (D2), drought + 0.05% ZnCl2 (D3), drought +1% KCl (D4) and drought + 0.1 % MgCl2 (D5) and plants weresampled after 2, 3 and 4 days of drought for growth, biochemical and molecular studies. Results obtained indicateddecrease in leaf area, RWC, SLW, chlorophyll, carotenoids contents, SPAD and increase in SLA, MDA, proline contentand peroxidase activity due to drought (D2) treatment. Foliar application of essential nutrients (Zn, K, Mg) increased leafarea, SLW, RWC, chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline contents, SPAD and decreased SLA, peroxidase activity and MDAcontent. P5CS gene expression was increased in drought (D2) and Drought + essential nutrient treatments; increase washighest in drought + KCl (D4) treatment. Findings suggested beneficial effect of foliar application of essential nutrients(Zn, K and Mg) on drought tolerance; KCl was found most effective among these nutrients.

KEYWORDS: environmental stresses, drought-sensitivity, oxidative stress, KCl.

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF VERMICOMPOST ON GROWTHAND YIELD OF LENTIL UNDER INTER-CROPPING SYSTEM IN RAINFED

ECOSYSTEM

Munish Kumar, Shailendra Singh, Piyush Kumar and Ravi KumarDepartment of Soil Conservation & Water Management, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology,

Kanpur-208002*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out at Kanpur under rainfed eco-system during 2010-11 and 2011-12 on different levels ofvermicompost under lentil based cropping systems. The treatments comprised of 7 Cropping Systems viz. Lentil sole,chickpea sole, mustard sole, L+CP (1:3), L+CP (1:5), L+M (3:1) and L+M (5:1) intercropping and four levels ofVermicompost viz. Control, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 tha-1 tested in a Factorial Randomized Block design replicated thrice. The cropvarieties used K-75 of lentil, Udai of chickpea and Vaibhav of mustard. Sowing of crops was done on 21.10.10 and18.10.11 both the year. Total rainfall received during experimental period is 51.7 and 67.6 mm in the year 2010-11 and2011-12, respectively. On the basis findings of the experiment, it was concluded that the intercropping systems of L+M(3:1), L+CP (1:3) and L+CP (1:5) proved equally superior than all other cropping systems of sole stand and intercropping,by producing total seed yield of 10.58, 9.92 and 9.88 qha-1 and 2.21, 2.07 and 2.06 B:C ratio, respectively. Other croppingsystems viz. sole lentil, sole chickpea, sole mustard and L+ M (5:1) intercropping produced 8.49, 8.93, 8.82 and 9.63 qha-1

total seed yield and 1.84, 1.85, 1.85 and 2.03 B:C ratio, respectively. Vermicompost application @ 3 tha-1 recorded highestvalues of 11.44 qha-1 total seed yield, 2.12 B:C ratio against lowest values of 7.40 qha-1 total seed yield, 1.82 B:C ratiowithout vermicompost.

KEYWORDS: rainfed, eco-system, crop varieties, Vermicompost, intercropping.


22

KEY FOR IDENTIFICATION AND BIOLOGY OF CHILLI THRIPSSCIRTOTHRIPS DORSALIS

Gupta ManikaDeptt. of Zoology, J.J.T.U., Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTMinute insects i.e. Thrips fall in the order Thysanoptera and Family Thripidae. They show exploiting behaviourintermittently. Thrips plays an active role as a pest of several crops and causes substantial damage. Thripidae family isfound throughout the world and comprises more than 200 genera. The genus Scirtothripsc omprises more than 100 sp. ofthrips. But Scirtothrips dorsalisis the most studied pest in the genus on the basis of their economic and global distribution.It belongs to subfamily Thripinae under family Thripidae. S. dorsalisare destructive to a variety of plant species. Theantennae of S. dorsaliswere long, eight segmented and devoid of microtrichia and annulations. Antennae had differentshades of colourI-II segments were pale and III-VIII were dark. Antennal segments III and IV had forked sense cones.Head was observed pale in colour longer than broad across the eyes. Eyes were redish in colour at the middle and threeocceli were arranged triangular manner. Month cone was triangular in shape acutely pointed at the end. Wings were seenwell developed, devoid of microtrichia, veins and setae. Three setae were present at the base of the forewings, which wereflattened at the tip. Fringed hairs on anterior and posterior margin of forewings were nearly equal in size. The abdomenwas found long, narrow and tapering into a tubular structure. Maxillary stylets elongated, extending deeply in to head,reaching up to the level of compound eyes. Maxillary palpi were two segmented. Anteclypeus area was not distinct.Prothorax had two prominent dorsal plates. The tarsi and the apex of middle and hind tibiae of legs were observedyellowish, with dark transverse antecostal ridges and fore tibiae were lighter in colour. Thrips are not very impressive dueto its morphological nature in contrast to our better known insects. Thrips are found averaging in size at 1-2 mm. Vastmajorities of thrips species are plant feeders. Adult thrips were found in all the samples from the pre-bloom inflorescencesand shoot tips. The body of adult is pale yellow in colour. Larvae of S. dorsalisare ceramic white to pale in colour. Adultsare less than 1.5 mm in length with dark wings. A pair of eight segmented antennae with forked sensorium. Incompletestripes are seen dorsally on the abdomen. Chilli thrips has a rapid life cycle and can develop from an egg to adult within14-20 days under optimal weathered conditions. Chilli thrips, S. dorsalis does not feed on mature host tissues; it feeds onyoung fruit calyx and leaves. Thrips feeding on delicate plant organs can create silvery scarring on leaves. This earlydamage to plant growth can lead to malformation of the fruits. It is the result of feeding injury caused by S. dorsalis on thehost plant that the photosynthetic activity is also affected and the final result is significant yield loss.

KEYWORDS: Scirtothrips Dorsalis , Thripidae, Biology, Identification, Biology.

STUDIES ON POPULATION DYNAMICS OF INSECT-PESTS OFLINSEED

*Chandra Umesh, Rizwan Mohammad, Gupta P.K.Department of Entomology, N.D.U.A.T. Kumarganj, Faizabad


ABSTRACTPopulation dynamics of insect-pests of linseed and management of linseed budfly, Dasyneura lini Barnes was carried outat Student’s Instructional Farm, Narewndra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Faizabad (UP)during 2012-13. The incidence of insect-pests was observed on the variety of Neelam at weekly interval from germinationto till the harvest of the crop. Leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola and Semi looper, Plusia aurichalcea were observed atearly vegetative stage to till maturity stage of the crop. Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia oblique, Linseed budfly,Dasyneura lini, Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera were observed at initiation of flower to maturity of crop. Bud flywas observed as a major insect-pest and other as minor pest i.e. Leaf miner, Semi looper, Gram pod borer and Bihar hairycaterpillar. Simple correlation studies were carried out to evaluate the incidence of insect-pests and effect of meteorologicalvariables. The population of linseed bud fly was positively correlated with minimum and maximum temperature, while itwas negatively correlated with relative humidity, rain fall and sunshine hours. The population of gram pod borer waspositively correlated with maximum temperature while it was negatively correlated with minimum temperature, relativehumidity, rain fall and sunshine hours. The population of leaf miner was positively correlated with minimum temperature,relative humidity, rainfall and sunshine hours while it was negatively correlated with maximum temperature. Thepopulation of semi looper was positively correlated with minimum temperature, relative humidity, rain fall and sunshinehours. It was negatively correlated with maximum temperature. The population of Bihar hairy caterpillar was Positivelycorrelated with minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall and sunshine hours.

KEYWORDS: Dasyneura lini, linseed, insect-pests.


23

A METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE FOR QUANTITATIVEASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY FOLIAR DISEASES OF

PLANTS USING DIGITAL IMAGE1Verma H.C., 2Misra A.K., 3Shukla P.K. & 4Rajan, S.

1Scientist (Computer Application), 2Ex-Head, Division of Crop Protection, 3Senior Scientist (Plant Pathology), 4Director.ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture,Rehmankhera, Lucknow – 226 101(UP), India

*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected],

ABSTRACTThe paper describes the methodology and development of software for the quantitative assessment of damage caused byfoliar diseases of plants-a case of mango (MangiferaIndica, L.).The accuracy of visual assessment of foliar damage due todifferent diseases by domain experts is many times differ in quantitative assessment and hence provides variable results.Keeping this limitation in mind digital image analysis based software was developed that provide fast and accurateassessment of foliar damage due to different diseases. It is a good enough for early quantification of the extent of damagedue to disease so that appropriate management options can be applied for enhancing mango productivity. The developedmethodology takes damaged RGB image as input and converts it to gray scale image. Further, it threshold the gray,Convert it to binary form& filter is applied on it. This process will highlight the damaged area as uniform black spot(‘OFF’ pixel) and background leaf portion as white (‘ON’ pixel). After this number of pixels of both types of areas arecounted and converted to actual area using the image resolution (DPI).Using these values damaged area as percentage ofleaf area can easily be computed. Based on this methodology, a software has been developed in Matlab R2016a , that hasminimum user interaction. Users’ have to provide RGB leaf image and its resolution in DPI and software provides theoutput as % of area damaged.It would serve as semi-automatic tool for measurement of foliar damage due to diseaseswith better accuracy than that of manual assessment by experts. Based on the quantum of damage, the decision on theirmanagement by the application of biological, cultural, physical and chemical management methods may be taken atappropriate time. The software would empower researchers’ in effective decision making for the timely management ofthe different mango diseases and would provide economic benefit by saving from unnecessary application of spray,thereby also protect from environmental hazards.

KEYWORDS: Digital image processing (DIP), Matlab; Plants, Foliar Damage, Software; Extent of Disease.

EFFECT OF GROWTH RETARDANT AND NIPPING ON GROWTH ANDYIELD OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)

1Prajapati Anupam, 1Raj Bahadur, 2Rajpoot Priyanka, 1Nehal Nikita, 1Yadav Dharmendra Kumar, 1SharmaNitish, 1Vishwakarma Richa and 3Singh Jaswant

1Department of Crop Physiology, 2Genetics and Plant Breeding,3Animal Genetics & BreedingNarendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (UP)

ABSTRACTChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important cool season food legume in the world after dry beans and peas(FAO, 2006). The chickpea seed is a good source of carbohydrates and proteins, which together constitute 80% of thetotal dry seed weight. Two main types of chickpea cultivars are grown globally Kabuli and Desi, representing two diversegene pools. A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2013-2014 at the Students Instructional Farm (SIF),Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) to study the Effect of maleichydrazide (MH) and nipping on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The experimental design was laid outin randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications along with variety K-850. The treatment wascomprised of foliar spray of maleic hydrazide along with untreated control. MH 25 and 50 ppm concentrations and nippingwere used in experimentation. Foliar spraying of maleic hydrazide and nipping were performed well at 30 and 50 daysafter sowing (DAS). It is concluded from the result that foliar application of MH 50 ppm at 30 and 50 DAS and nippingat 30 and 50 DAS were found most effective to decreased the growth, but increase the all parameter of plant like totalchlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, protein content in seed, number of pod per plant, pod weight plant-1, 100seed weight plant-1, grain yield (g) plant-1, grain yield quintal hectare-1, and harvest index followed by foliar application ofMH 25 ppm at 30 and 50 DAS respectively. Result needs further validation with higher concentration of foliar applicationof MH 50 ppm at 30 and 50 DAS.

Key words: Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.), Nipping, Growth Retardant, Grain Yield and 100 Seed Weight.


24

MITIGATION OF DROUGHT IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) THROUGHPLANT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY

1*Raj Bahadur, 1Pankaj Kumar, 2Singh Bhagwan, 1Singh Vinod, 1Vishwakarma S. R., 1Rajpoot Priyanka and3Singh Jaswant

1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2Director Research,3Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding,Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (UP)

*Corresponding Author Email: - [email protected]

ABSTRACTLentil has unique symbiotic ability to use atmospheric nitrogen for plant growth which makes them preferable crops for

sustainable agriculture. Lentil is the 2nd most important grain legume that gained worldwide economic importance as asource of protein (25.5 to 28.31%). In addition, it is also suitable as a rotation crop to replenish soil nitrogen levels. Due toits importance, an experiment was planned under rainfed condition entitled on “Mitigation of drought in lentil (Lensculinaris Medik) through plant growth regulators for higher productivity”. The experiment was sown in RBD with threereplications during Rabi 2012-13 at G.P.B. Research Farm, Kumarganj. Nine treatments were taken under the study withone lentil released variety i.e., NDL-1 with no irrigation after sowing the experiment. The treatments were applied withfoliar spray of growth regulators with untreated control. Details of the treatments of experiment were as follows- T1-Control (no spray), T2-Water spray at flower initiation and pod initiation, T3-Seed priming with 2% KCL (6 hrs), T4-2%Urea spray at flower initiation, T5-2% Urea spray at pod initiation, T6-2% Urea spray at flower and pod initiation, T7-20ppm salicylic acid spray at flower initiation, T8-20 ppm salicylic acid spray at pod initiation and T9-20 ppm salicylic acidspray at flower and pod initiation. Five treatments T3, T4, T6, T7 and T9 showed significant effect on biomass/plant at 50%flowering and treatments T5, T6, T8 and T9 showed significant effect on biomass/plant at maturity, pod no./plant, podweight/plant (g), grain weight /plant (g), biomass (kg)/plot (2.4 m2) and yield q/ha over the control. Treatments T4, T5, T6,T8 and T9 showed significant effect on grain no./plant, grain weight (kg)/plot (2.4 m2) and relative water content (RWC) at90 DAS over the control. Among the treatments 2% Urea spray at flower and pod initiation, 20 ppm salicylic acid spray atflower and pod initiation and 2% Urea spray at pod initiation showed highest increase on yield and yield contributing traitsover the control respectively. In case of harvest index (HI) treatment T6, T9 and T3 showed highest value over the controlrespectively.

Key words: Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medik), Rainfed, Growth Regulators, Grain Yield.

STUDIES OF HERITABILITY FOR YIELD ASSOCIATED TRAITS IN WHEATGENOTYPES (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

1*Priyanka Rajpoot, 1Singh P. K., 1Verma O. P., 1Tripathi Neeta, 1Raj Bahadur, 2Nehal Nikita and 2SharmaNitish

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, *Department of Crop Physiology,N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (UP), India.

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crop of global significance, grown in diversified environments. It is the major staplefood of country and it occupies a prominent position in the cropping pattern of the country. The present study wasconducted in the experimental area, during Rabi season of 2012- 13 at the agricultural Research Farm of BNPG College,Rath, Hamirpur in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Heritability estimates provide theinformation about index of transmissibility of the quantitative characters of economic importance and are essential for aneffective crop breeding strategy. The magnitude of heritability also helps in predicting the behaviour of succeedinggenerations by devising the appropriate selection criteria and assessing the level of genetic improvement. Similarly, geneticadvance gives clear picture and precise view of segregating generations for possible selection. High estimates heritabilityassociated with high estimates of genetic advance was observed for days to 50% flowering, plant height, which in factdemonstrate the presence of additive genes effect indicating effectiveness of selection for the improvement of these trait.Broad sense heritability was highest for days to 50 % flowering, followed by number of spikelets per ear, plant height,days to maturity. The higher estimate of genetic advance was noticed for days to 50% flowering and plant height. Highheritability with low genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for days to maturity which indicated theinvolvement of non-additive gene action for the expression of this character and selection for such trait might not berewarding. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for days to 50%flowering; indicating that these traits were under additive gene control and selection for genetic improvement these traitswould be effective. Study of variability, heritability and genetic advance in the germplasm will help to ascertain the realpotential value of the genotype.

Keyword: Heritability, Wheat, Yield associate traits.


25

PERFORMANCE OF NEW WHEAT GENOTYPES (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) ATDIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN UNDER RAIN-FED CONDITION

Rajesh Kumar, Vishuddha Nand, Singh Bhagwan and Raees AhamadDepartment of Agronomy, NDUA&T, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P)

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 at crop research station, Masodha (NDUA&T Kumarganj, Faizabad) inthis experiment two new genotypes (K 1317 and HD 3171) were tested with three checks (C 306, K 8027 and HD 2888) atthree nitrogen levels (40 kg, 60 kg and 80 kg N/ha) with the object to identify genotype for better yield at specific level ofnitrogen under rain-fed condition. The nitrogen was used as per treatment and P & K @ 30 and 20 kg/ha, respectively atthe time sowing as basal. The yield of all varieties increase with increased in nitrogen levels. Maximum grain yield 30.15q/ha was found at 80 kg N/ha which was significantly higher than its lower levels e.i. 60 and 75 kg per ha. Amonggenotypes, HD 3171 produced maximum grain yield 31.41 q/ha followed by K 1317 (28.19), C 306 (27.90), HD 2888(27.13) and K 8027 (25.97 q/ha).

KEYWORDS: New Genotypes, Rain-Fed Condition, Sowing, Grain Yield.

INFUENCE OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SOILPROPERTIES AND YEALD OF SUGARCANE

Neeraj KumarDepartment of Agronomy, N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj , Faizabad – 224 229 (U.P.), India

ABSTRACTInvestigations were carried out during kharif season 2013 at Agronomy research farm of Narendra Deva University ofAgriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad to evaluate the “Effect of Integrated NutrientManagement on soil fertility and yield of sugarcane”. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design withthree replications and twelve treatments viz.(T1) Ralligold @10 kg/ha at the time of planting and 3 month after planting +100% RDF, (T2) Ralligold @ 15 kg/ha at the time of planting and 3 month after planting + 100 % RDF, (T3) Ralligold @20 kg/ha at the time of planting and 3 month after planting + 75% RDF, (T4) Ralligold @ 10 kg/ha (at the time of plantingand 3 month after planting + 75% RDF, (T5) Ralligold @ 15 kg/ha at the time of planting and 3 month after planting +75% RDF, (T6) Ralligold @ 20 kg/ha at the time of planting Ralligold and 3 month after planting + 75% RDF, (T7)Ralligold @ 10 kg/ha at the time of planting and 3 month after planting + 50% RDF, (T8) Ralligold @ 15 kg/ha at the timeof planting and 3 month after planting + 50% RDF, (T9) Raligold @ 20 kg/ha at the time of planting and 3 month afterplanting + 50% RDF, (T10) Ralligold @ 20 kg/ha at the time of planting +100%, RDF (T11) 100% RDF, (T12) control. Thesoil of experimental plots was silty loam. The quantity of nutrients were supplied in to inorganic forms viz. urea, DAP andMOP to supply N,P and K, respectively. The sugarcane yield recorded significantly higher cane yield and sugar recoverywith T3- Ralligold @ 20 kg/ ha at time of planting and 3 months after planting+ RDF as compared to all the other nutrientmanagement practices. Yield attributing characters like cane girth, cane length and cane weight were significantly higherwith T3- Ralligold @ 20 kg/ ha at time of planting and 3 months after planting+ RDF over all most of the treatment.Integrated nutrient management was influenced favorably the B.D, pH, EC, OC, OM and available S in soil. Among thenutrient management practices, significantly higher available N, P2O5, and K2O were recorded with T3- Ralligold @ 20 kg/ha at time of planting and 3 months after planting+100% RDF which was significantly superior most of the treatments. Themaximum net returns (Rs. 114475/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.52) were also found with the application of T3- Ralligold @20 kg/ ha at time of planting and 3 months after planting+ RDF.

KEYWORDS: INM, Silty Loam, Cane, Sugar, Recovery, Net Returns, Cost Ratio


26

GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS INMUNGBEAN {VIGNA RADIATA (L). WILCZEK}

Vimal S. C. and SarvjeetN.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229

Email: [email protected]

AbstractABSTRACTAmong the various pulses grown in our country, mungbean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek} is one of the most importantpulse crops. Mungbean also know as greengram, botanically belongs to family Leguminosae and sub-family papilionaceae.It is a highly self-pollinated crop having somatic chromosome number (2n=2x) of 22. Mungbean is grown principally forits proteineous seeds that are used as human food. For attaining higher yield levels in mungbean or any crop, the breeder isrequired to simplify this complex situation through handling of yield components. Four homozygous and geneticallydiverse varieties/genotypes of mungbean namely, EC-393410, NDM-1, EC-393407 and ML-550 were chosen forexperimental materials and made two crosses viz. EC-393410 x NDM-1 and EC-393407 x ML-550. The basic populationof each cross viz., two parents, their F1, F2 and back crosses BC1 (F1 x male parent) and BC2 (F1 x female parent) weredeveloped and planted in a Compact Family Block Design with three replications at Genetics and Plant Breeding Farm ofN.D. University Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad during Kharif and Zaid season. The genetic variationfor yield and some important yield components was assessed in two sets of crosses involving four parents throughgeneration mean analysis. The mean data of six populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) were subjected to joint scalingtest. In the presence of epistasis, six-parameter model was used to detect all types of gene actions. Additive as well non-additive gene effects played an important role in all the traits. In general the magnitude of dominance effect (h) was greaterthan additive effect (d) for most of the characters. Digenic interaction and duplicate type of epistasis revealed complexnature of inheritance of the traits. The intercrossing of F2 plants are recommended to produce best recombinants for thetraits having complex genetic behavior and selection in the latter generations of segregating populations for developinghigh yielding mungbean varieties.

KEYWORDS: Greengram, Genetics and Plant Breeding Farm

Session – II

CLIMATE CHANGE &AGRICULTURE


27

EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES IN A VERTISOL AS INFLUENCEDBY LONG TERM APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER AND FYM

Patel Gajendra, Dwivedi B. S., Dwivedi A. K. and Thakur R. K.Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.)

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted during kharif 2013 at Research Farm under All India Coordinated ResearchProject on Long Term Fertilizer Experiments, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh with the objectives toevaluate the effect of long term application of fertilizers and FYM on enzymatic activities in a Vertisol. Therewere ten treatments consisting with different fertility levels i.e. T1 - 50% NPK, T2 -100% NPK, T3 -150% NPK,T4 -100% NPK+ Hand weeding, T5 -100% NPK+ Zn , T6-100% NP, T7-100% N, T8–100% NPK + FYM, T9–100% NPK-S, T10-Control, were tested in RBD with 4 replications. A constant soybean-wheat croppingsequence was practiced in the experimental field during the past 42 years. The data on dehydrogenase, acidphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glocosidase activities were found higher at after harvesting incomparison to before sowing. Further, at both stages, the enzymatic activities increased significantly in 100%NPK dose + FYM over control. These findings indicate that addition of FYM with 100% NPK dose improvedbiological condition of the soil.

KEYWORDS: Fertilizer, enzymatic activities, Vertisol, soybean-wheat, cropping, biological condition.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OFBHOJ- WETLAND, BHOPAL, AS A SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER

1Tamot Praveen & 2*Tamot Sadhna1Post –Graduate Department of Zoology, Government Maharani Laxmi Bai Girls P.G. College (Autonomous), Bhopal.

2Sadhu Vaswani College, Bairagarh, BhopalCorresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTBhopal without the Upper Lake (Bhoj-Wetland- Ramsar Site) reflects the incomplete picture of the city and is said to bethe life line. This lake was created in the early 11th century by King Bhoj, Bhopal became Capital of Madhya Pradesh inyear 1956. Since then, it has witnessed a tremendous influx of people and consequent urban development. This resulted inan increased demand of portable water and subsequent pressure on upper lake resource. The catchment area of upper lakeis 361 Sq. Kms and a main source of portable water and meets 40% of the demand of drinking water for city’s growingpopulation. Due to increasing population in the past four decades lake water was insufficient therefore Kolar water supply(35 Kms from city) has been installed to meet growing water demand. In present scenario even both the water bodies areinsufficient to meet the growing water needs. Finally Govt. of Madhya Pradesh is going to bring Narmada River water (80Kms from city) to bridge the gap between demand and the supply of drinking water. Therefore it is necessary to conserveand manage the available aquatic resources in and around the city for future. These developments have generatedanthropogenic pressure on the lake, thus accelerating its eutrophication and microbial contamination and making the waterunfit for human consumption without proper treatment. Following factors are responsible for deterioration of lake waterquality such as : Siltation from agricultural fields, Joining of domestic raw sewage, Pollution from point & non pointsources, Encroachment and flourishing growth of aquatic weeds, Bathing activities and human intervention in the fringearea of lake, Tourism activities, Agricultural activities in the catchment area, Inflow of residual chemical fertilizers andpesticides and insecticides, Trapa cultivation, Excessive growth of macrophytes and algal blooms. These factors should bemanaged for lake limnology and sustainable development.

KEYWORDS: Eutrophication, Water- quality, Sustainable development, Bhoj wetland .

Climate change & agriculture

28

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY INDEX AND PHYSICO-CHEMICALPARAMETER VALUE OF THE RIVER GANGA AT THE SITE KALAKANKAR

AND SHRINGVERPUR

*Tripathi Beenu and Shukla D.N.Bhargava Agricultural Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad,Allahabad-211002,

Uttar Pradesh, India*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTIn the present investigation work was carried out to calculate the water quality index of the river Ganga at Kalakankar(Pratapgarh) and Shringverpur (Allahabad). The number of parameters into a simple expression were expressed by waterquality indices(WQI) and WQI made easy interpretation of monitoring data. The physico-chemical parameters values ofboth the analyzing sites for the year 2014-15 were monitored in the monsoon, winter and summer seasons for calculationof Water Quality index. The value of WQI of both the sites indicates that water were severely polluted and not fit forhuman consumption. But the water at the sites Kalakankar were of better quality as comparison to the site Shringverpur inthe year 2014-15. In the present investigation we concluded that the water quality of analysing sites under study notsuitable for drinking purpose during any season. From Pratapgarh the sites were taken Kalakankar whereas the sitesShringverpur were taken from Allahabad. The sites Kalakankar were located at 35 km distance from the sitesShringverpur.

KEYWORDS: Ganga, Physico-chemical parameters,Correlation coefficient, Coefficient variation, Water quality index

PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT IN DIFFERENT SIZE OF FARMS INCENTRAL INDIA

Gautam A. N. and Sirothiya NidhiDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, JNKVV, Jabalpur (MP) India

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe present study was attempt to examine the cost and return of wheat crops different size of farm and profitabilityanalysis in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. The study was conducted in 2013-14. Returns from the crop cultivation arenot only important for the survival of farmers, but also facilitate reinvestment in agriculture. If the flow of income for cropcultivation is not regular and adequate, farmers may not be able to repay their debts which would lead to increasedindebtedness. (Darling, 1925, NSSO, 2005, NSSO, 2005b, Narayanmoorthy and Kalamkar 2005, Raddy and Mishra 2009.)After the green revolution the yield per hectare of wheat in India increased from 14.1 quintal per hectare to 25.80 quintalper hectare on the farm of major wheat growing states as well as progressive farms of Madhya Pradesh in wheatproduction. the study was attempt to examine the cost and return of wheat crops different size of farm and profitabilityanalysis. It is also sowed that cost of production at cost C2 level was worked out as Rs 671.55/qtlRs. 794.04/qtl and Rs.813.48/qtl for small medium and large farmers respectively and at average level it was found Rs 797.72/qtl. Similarly costof production at C3 level, it was worked out as Rs. 761.72/qtl for small farm Rs. 895.03/qtl for medium farmers and Rs913.91/qtl for large farmers and at overall average level, it was found Rs. 896.86/qtl, It was found that cost of productionwas found minimum in small farmers. small farmers used resources more efficiently as compared to medium and largeframers who invested having for a less pro portionae return. On an average level of input output ratio was found 1:1.60 and1:1.46 at cost C2 and Cost C3 level respectively.

KEYWORDS: farmers, agriculture, wheat, farms.


29

INFLUENCE OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT INTRANSPLANTED PADDY (ORYZA SATIVA) THROUGH FRONT LINE

DEMONSTRATION

Tiwari B. K., Sahare K. V., *Baghel K. S. and Pandey A. K.JNKVV, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Umaria, Madhya Pradesh-484661, India*JNKVV, KrishiVigyan Kendra, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh-486001, India

ABSTRACTThe front line demonstration on paddy were conducted during the kharif seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 at 16 farmersfields, to demonstrate integrated nutrient management and economic benefit of improved technologies consisting suitablevarieties (Danteshwari) and Integrated nutrient management (100:60:40:20 kg NPKS/ ha + Azotobactor + PSB @ 05gm/kgof seed; 75% through organic fertilizers while 25% though FYM and BGA), at Umairya district of MP under irrigatedconditions. The improved technologies INM recorded mean yield of 53 q/ha which was 67% higher than that obtained withfarmers practice of 31.6 q/ha. Improved technologies gave higher mean net return of Rs. 40,462 /ha with a B:C ration 2.68as compared to farmers practice (Rs. 17036/ha, B:C ratio 1.81). By conducting Front Line Demonstration of Proventechnologies, yield potential of Rice crop could be enhanced to a great extent with increase in the income level of farmingcommunity of the District.

KEYWORDS: INM, Improved Technologies, Net Return, Farming, Community.

EVALUATION OF COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF SULPHURCONTAINING FERTILIZER MATERIALS AS SOURCE OF PLANT

AVAILABLE SULPHUR* Pathak Jagannath, Srivastava Saumaya, Sharma Yogesh Kumar and Dwivedi A. K.

ICAR-AICRP (MSPE), Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP-226007*Corresponding author email:[email protected]

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in district Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the comparativeefficiency of sulphur containing fertilizers on maize crop (variety Maharaja). Soil of experimental field was deficient inavailable sulphur (3.59mgkg-1). There were 10 treatments consisting of four levels of sulphur (0, 15, 30 and 45 kgha-1) andthree sulphur sources viz., vitasul, bentonite and gypsum. Results revealed that, treatment S3B2 (bentonite @ 45 kg ha-1)performed better. Highest grain yield kg per plot (10.88), straw yield kg per plot (28.22), grain yield ton per ha (4.03),straw yield ton per ha (10.45) and biological yield ton per ha (14.48) was recorded in treatment S3B2. Minimum yield perplot as well as per ha was recorded in control. Maximum grain: straw ratio 2.59 was also found in S3B2 treatment. Data onapparent agronomic efficiency reveals that response of sulphur is decreasing with increasing doses of sulphur. Maximum40.66 kg grains / kg-1 added sulphur was recorded in S1B2 (bentonite @ 30kg ha-1), but lowest (12.0) was found intreatment S3G3 (gypsum @ 45 kg ha-1). Percent response was calculated and maximum (25.15%) and minimum (11.49%)was found in S3B2and S1G3 (gypsum @ 15 kg ha-1) treatments respectively. Maximum sulphur concentration 1056.9 and571.7 mg kg-1 was found in seed and straw respectively. Minimum sulphur concentration was found in control.Concentration was increased with increasing dose of sulphur in seed as well as in straw. When biomass of maize plantssubjected to different sulphur fertilizers were analyzed, it was found that all vitasul, bentonite and gypsum increased drymatter yield of maize plants at most places as compared to control. When tissue S concentration was estimated, it wasfound that bentonite increased concentration of S in leaves and cobs to a great level. Protein content increased at all appliedS doses but increase was more in vitasul. Overall treatment bentonite @ 45 kg ha-1 constantly performed better than othertreatments.

KEYWORDS: Sulphur, Fertilizer, Bentonite, Gypsum, Soil.


30

CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION RELATED TO MICROBIAL BIOMASS OFSALT AFFECTED SOILS

1Gangwar Ravi Kumar, 2Singh Jaspal, 3Marianna Makádi, 1Erika Michéli, 1Tamás Szegi1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SzentIstván University, Gödöllő, Hungary

2Department of environmental science, Bareilly College, Bareilly, UP, India3Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

ABSTRACTThe land degradation process of soils has negative effect on its diversity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectof land use on carbon dioxide emission in relation to microbial biomass of salt affected soils. Soils were collected fromarable and non-arable land showed distinct variation in soil electrical conductivity (EC), ranging from 0.17 to 0.45 dSm-1 inthe arable land and from 0.5 to 2.65 dSm-1 in the non-arable land. The average Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), averagedehydrogenase activity, average phosphatase and average basal soil respiration (BSR) is low in non-arable land. The resultof this study shows that soil respiration is negatively correlated with EC in both lands. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC),average dehydrogenase activity and average phosphatase are significantly correlated with the emission of CO2- C in botharable and non-arable.

KEYWORDS: Land Degradation , Microbial Biomass, Salt Affected Soils.

SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAAN: APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FORTREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE & WASTE WATER RECYCLING

Mathur AbhishekSr. Scientist & Head (Technical), Environmental Biotech & Engineering Co. (EBEC) Delhi- NCR-110012, India

Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTSolid waste management is one among the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities in the country to keepurban centers clean. However, it is among the most poorly rendered services in the basket—the systems applied areunscientific, outdated and inefficient; population coverage is low; and the poor are marginalized.Waste is littered all overleading to insanitary living conditions. Municipal laws governing the urban local bodies do not have adequate provisions todeal effectively with the ever-growing problem of solid waste management. In today’s era, microbes are the most commonneed of today’s biotechnological innovations. These microbes are able to produce some enzymes and different metaboliteswhich can be utilized by us in one or the other form for new innovations or producing alternative technologies. In one ofthe study by our team, an effective microbial consortia was developed which was utilized for biodrying of Municipal solidwaste (MSW). The biodrying is directly proportional to biodegradation process which converts the waste into simpler formand bio-compost. By the treatment of solid waste with our microbial formulation leads to the increase in temperaturewithin the heaps in comparison to non-treated heap. After long exposure to the microbial formulation in the heap it wasobserved that MSW converts into bio-compost that can be utilized in agriculture and physically the coarser particles can beutilized as fuel in the boilers within the industries. Water recycling is reusing treated wastewater for beneficial purposessuch as agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, and replenishing a ground water basin(referred to as ground water recharge). Water recycling offers resource and financial savings. Wastewater treatment can betailored to meet the water quality requirements of a planned reuse. Recycled water for landscape irrigation requires lesstreatment than recycled water for drinking water. No documented cases of human health problems due to contact withrecycled water that has been treated to standards, criteria, and regulations have been reported. Distilleriesare responsiblefor the generation of ecotoxic wastewater spent wash (effluent). Spent wash contains caramel, melanoidin and much moretoxic chemicals. Melanoidin is a recalcitrant pigment responsible to give brownish colour to spent wash. It is observed thatthe colour and bad smell of the effluent spent wash is directly proportional to BOD and COD levels. In the other study, theexperiments were performed to treat the spent wash to a maximum level. Different bacterial, fungal cultures and mixedbacterial and fungal consortia were selected for the study of melanoidin degradation. Spent wash in 100% concentrationwas used to study the degradation of melanoidin by means of prepared microbial consortia. Further the chemical treatmentwas also performed after biological treatment in order to reduce the maximum color within the spent wash. With ourtedious efforts, we have developed successful microbial – based technologies for treating of solid waste as well as wastewater recycling. These technologies are now in a state of patent filing and commercialization.

KEYWORDS: Solidwaste, Spent wash, Waste water, Effluent, Microbial-based technologies.


31

PREVENTION OF BROWN LEAF SPOT DISEASE OF PADDY BY COWURINE WITH INDIGENOUS PLANT LEAF EXTRACT

*Alam Shah, Seth Rajendra Kumar and Shukla D. N.Bhargava Agricultural Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad,

Allahabad. UP (India) 211002

ABSTRACTRice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in the world and a primary food source for more than a third ofworld’s population. In current study, Prevention of brown leaf spot disease of paddy by cow urine with indigenous plantleaf extract during June to October 2016. In this study, the different treatment applied control, Allium sativum + cow urine,Azadirachtaindica+ cow urine, Daturastramonium + cow urine treatment for control of brown leaf spot disease of paddy.In the field, the DI 19.48% was recorded from Allium sativum + cow urine in T1 treatment whereas In the pot, the DI23.33%. was recorded from Allium sativum + cow urine in T1 treatment. The better response of Allium sativum + cow urinetreatment against brown leaf spot disease of paddy. It has been found that cow urine has potential to control of brown leafspot disease of paddy. It is ecofriendly and also help full in increasing the soil fertility and easily available to farmers invillages were they can purpose it by their own hand.

KEYWORDS: Brown leaf spot disease of paddy, Cow urine, Plant leaf extract.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INSECTICIDE FORMULATIONS

Kaushik Ekta, Negi Sarswati and Dubey J. K.Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni - Solan,

Himachal Pradesh - 173230*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTInsects are one of the biggest animal populations with a very successful evaluative history. On the other hand, many insectsare vectors for many diseases, damages crop and causing serious health and economic issues. In order to combat thenumerous losses caused by insects, several chemicals known as insecticides have been used to kill them or inhibit theirreproduction and feeding. Insecticide product consists of two parts: active and inert ingredients. Insecticides are formulatedin various forms like dust, granules, wettable powder, soluble powder, emulsifiable concentrate, oil solutions, fumigantsetc. Scientific community made approaches towards the development of newer molecules which could be easilybiodegradable and target-specific with very low mammalian toxicity, which could undergo photo degradation, microbialdegradation as well as chemical degradation leaving very less amount of residues in the environment. New dustformulation like air-mixed oil coated and driftless dust are developed which give more deposit of active ingredient to thetarget area. Formulations like soluble powders have less phytotoxicity and require little agitation; floating granules areeffective to control the aquatic pest. Water soluble packets are developed to overcome the inhalation hazards and alsoreduce the mixing and handling of toxic chemicals. Microencapsulated products and nano-insecticides being develop toincrease efficacy and stability, with advantage of controlled release. Invert emulsions are water in oil type formulationswhich reduces the surface runoff and have better penetration and absorption. Researchers are currently designingformulations that are similar to conventional formulas, but reducing the particle sizes of the polymers, surfactants andmetal to create nano-formulations that are more soluble, slow releasing and do not prematurely degrade.

KEYWORDS: Insects, Vectors, Diseases, Damages, Crop, Health, Economic Issues.


32

EFFECT OF NITROGEN LEVELS AND INTERCROPPING WITHCHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) UNDER DIFFERENT ROW RATIOSON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BROWN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEAL.) EFFECT OF ROW RATIOS AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON GROWTH

AND YIELD OF BROWN MUSTARD +(BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)1Verma Omkar and 2Singh Rajesh1Research Scholar, 2Assistant Professor,

Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences,Allahabad-211007(U.P.) India

ABSTRACTA field experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) season of 2013 at the Crop Research Farm, Department ofAgronomy, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad (U. P.) to evaluate the “effect of Nitrogen level andIntercropping with Chickpea (CicerarietinumL.) Under different row ratios on growth and yield of Brown mustard(Brassica species L.). ” The experiment consisted of twelve treatments comprising of three nitrogen levels (viz.,100 %recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) to brown mustard + 100% RDN to chickpea, 75 % RDN to brown mustard + 100 %RDN to chickpea, and 100 % RDN to brown mustard +75 % RDN to chickpea) and four row ratios (viz., brown mustard :chickpea in row ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6) which were laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Theexperimental findings reveal the highest no. of siliqua/plant in brown mustard in treatment T7 (100% RDN Brown mustard: 100% RDN Chickpea (1:4), maximum no. of seeds/siliqua in treatment T8 (75% N Brown mustard : 100% N Chickpea(1:4), maximum test weight in treatment T7 and highest seed yield in treatment T3 (100% N Brown mustard : 75% NChickpea (1:1). In chickpea the maximum no. of pod/plant, grain/pod, seed index in treatment T7 {100% RDN Brownmustard : 100% RDN Chickpea (1:4row ratio) although the maximum seed yield was recorded under treatment T10 (100%RDN Brown mustard : 100% RDN Chickpea (1:6 row ratio) due to more no. of plants in 1:6 row ratio of brown mustard :chickpea. The highest benefit cost ratios was recorded under treatment T10 due to more plant population of chickpea.

KEYWORDS: Nitrogen levels, Intercropping, row ratios, growth and yield of Brown Mustard and Chickpea.

POTENTIAL AND PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN CEREALPRODUCTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JAMMU & KASHMIR

1Panotra Narinder, 2Sharma J. P., 3Sharma Vikas, 4Singh S. K. and 5Vishaw Vikas1&4Scientist; Organic Farming Research Centre, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology of Jammu, Chatha,

Jammu & Kashmir2Director Research, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology of Jammu, Chatha,

Jammu & Kashmir3Associate Professor &Incharge; Organic Farming Research Centre, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology

of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu & Kashmir5Ph. D Scholar, Division of Soil Science,Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu

& Kashmir*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTOrganic farming is not a new concept of agricultural and has been followed in India as well as Jammu and Kashmir, sincethe prehistoric times and is one of the most effective methods of sustainable agriculture of all times. Organic agriculture isinvolved with the natural methods like crop rotation, inter-cropping, mulching, biological pest control, compost,integration of crops and live stocks etc makes it even better and useful for cultivation of various crops without harming thefertility of the soil. It is therefore, essential to promote organic farming across the globe to retain the fertility of the soil aswell as preserve the environment. Organic residues and nutrients produced on the farm are recycled back to the soil. Covercrops and composted manure are used to maintain soil organic matter and fertility. There are different kinds of organicfarming systems. The common forms of organic farming include – permaculture, biodynamic farming, Do nothingfarming, no-till farming etc. All these techniques involve cultivation using minimum mechanical equipments.

KEYWORDS: OrganicFarming, Soil fertility and Organic Products.


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FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MAGNESIUM AND BORON INFLUENCESLEAF NUTRIENT STATUS, YIELD AND QUALITY OF BLACK PEPPER

1*Ramana P.V., 2Gladis R., 2Sainath. N.1Department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, KVK, Pandirimamidi,

2Department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, College of Agriculture, KAU, Tiruvanathapuram.*Corresponding author email: [email protected],

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted at Panniyur Research Station, Panniyur, Kerala to study the response of black pepper tofoliar application of magnesium and boron. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice withnine treatments using Panniyur-1 as the test variety. The results revealed that the foliar application of 0.5% MgSO4 + 1%borax increased B and Mg content in pepper leaves. In general B and Mg content in leaves increased upto berry formationstage followed by a reduction at harvesting stage irrespective to various treatments. The spike per vine (55.33), berriesvine-1(112.4), and spike yield (1 kg plant-1), were recorded by foliar application of 0.5% MgSO4 + 1% borax the highestoleoresin (11.6), and piperine (6.10) content were obtained with foliar application of 0.5% MgSO4 + 1% borax Foliarapplication of 0.5% MgSO4 + 1% borax proved next best treatment in improving these parameters.

KEYWORDS: black pepper, foliar application, magnesium, boron.

SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR CLIMATERESILIENT AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF CENTRAL

HIMALAYAN REGION1*Trivedi A. K. And , 1Verma S. K.

1ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station Bhowali – 263132, Nainital, (Uttarakhand) IndiaPresent Address: ICAR - Central Institute for Subtropical HorticultureRehmankhera, P.O. – Kakori, Lucknow - 226 101

(Uttar Pradesh),*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTClimate change is impinging uncertainty in weather, increasing vulnerability of land and natural resources. Degradation ofsoil, anthropogenic alteration of landscapes results instability of fragile ecosystems. Torrential rains, floods and land slidescause large scale damage to agro-biodiversity in general and plant genetic resources (PGR) in particular which arefoundation stones of sustainable agriculture. Central Himalayan Region is a biodiversity hot spot. In spite of adverseclimatic conditions landraces of different crops surviving and performing better than recent released varieties. Theselandraces are source of food and nutrition security in remote and inaccessible areas. Germplasm exploration and collectionexpeditions and surveys were conducted to gather the germplasm and associated information. Wheat, paddy, millet,mustard and soybean genetic diversity is crucial for food security in this region. Several germplasm samples of these cropsearlier commonly grown in the area, collected by the Bureau and conserved in the National Gene Bank have also beenfound to be at the verge of extinction. Certain landraces have been wiped out. Study exemplifies the need of communitylevel gene banks/ regional gene banks besides National Gene Bank which is playing crucial role in germplasmconservation, characterization and documentation.

KEYWORDS: Plant Genetic Resources, Genetic Diversity, Food Security,Germplasm, Gene Bank,vulnerability.


34

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS CORNERSTONE OF BIODIVERSITYCONSERVATION

Pal PranabWild life issues of India Dehradun


ABSTRACTBiodiversity, the assortment of life on earth, is imperative to social and economic growth, along with is really fundamentalto our endurance. Biodiversity eventually provides us through a source of food, medicines, and materials withopportunities. Protecting biodiversity is a national precedence as it is related to livelihoods of millions of populace. It is inrecognition of the bearing of biodiversity and its inter-linkages with the livelihoods of people. India with 2.3 % of world'stotal land area supports 18% of the human population as well as 15% of the world's livestock population. In India justabout one third of the land is undergoing a variety of forms of degradation along with one fourth of the geographic area isaffected by means of desertification. Soil degradation impacts agricultural output, biodiversity, groundwater and on thewhole water accessibility. The past three reports of the Forest Survey of India (FSI) show that most north-eastern stateshave witnessed deforestation. The conversion of the normal areas determines not only the loss of the plant species but alsoa decrease in the animal species linked to them. According to FAO of United Nations has experiential conserving as wellas using biodiversity sustainably is the enter to feeding the malnourished people in developing countries. India has utmostmalnourished people in the world. Sustainable development, with its dual importance on the most topical concerns growthwith environment is typical of such efforts. Reduced biodiversity means millions of people countenance a prospect wherefood supplies are further vulnerable to pests as well as disease, and where fresh water is in uneven of petite supply.According to study more than 100 million metric tonnes of aquatic life, including fish, molluscs as well as crustaceans arein use from the wild every year. Heating of the earth's facade affects biodiversity because it endangers all the species thatadapted to the cold owing to the latitude the Polar species or the elevation mountain species. Global warming will havedisastrous effects such as accelerating sea level rise, droughts, floods, storms as well as heat waves. These will collisionsome of the world's poorest as well as most susceptible people, disrupting food production along with threatening cruciallyvital species, habitats and ecosystems. The BBC reported climate change might wipe out 20% of the world's Lizardspecies by 2080. Lizards have already crossed a thresholds for extinctions caused by climate change. According to journal,an estimated 100 million sharks are being killed each year. Expert reported that More than 35% decline in freshwaterspecies seeing as 1970. Africa elephant numbers chop down severely in the 19th as well as 20th centuries, largely owingto the ivory trade in addition to habitat loss. Asian elephant numbers have dropped by means of at least 50% in excess ofthe last three generations, along with they're still in decline today. Rhinos are facing one more fight for their very survival.India has a affluent tradition of biodiversity conservation. Traditional human relationships akin to beliefs, faith, taboos,customs and preferences played an vital function in conservation of habitats with entity species. The real challenges ofsustainable development are at slightest seeing that assorted as well as complex as the multiplicity of human societies withusual ecosystems around the planet.

KEYWORDS: Sustainable development, Conservation Strategies, Climate Change, Pollution, Biodiversity

VARIETAL SCREENING FOR SEED GERMINATION AND EARLYSEEDLING GROWTH IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS)

*Yadav Vandana, Sharma Yogesh Kumar, Singh Hina, Prakash Srivastava MadhuDepartment of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 (U.P.) India


ABSTRACTThe petridish experiments were carried out to investigate the varietal screening for seed germination and early seedlinggrowth in different varieties of maize- Sweet heart, G.S. 802, Maharaja (hy.). The seed germination and early growth ofmaize, was examined for three weeks to determine the best seed variety to be recommended for cultivation. During thisexperiment, we provided same conditions to all seeds - pH 7.0 ± 0.5 and temperature around 30-35 0C. The MaharajaVariety showed maximum germination (90 %) followed by 3 weeks and significant growth obtained as compared to othervarieties. The germination percentage, seedling height, and seedling fresh and dry weight were high in maharajamaizevariety. It was observed that maharaja seeds are good for maize planting. Seed germination remains a key to modernagriculture. Thus, especially in a world acutely aware of the delicate balance between food production and worldpopulation, a fundamental understanding of germination is essential to crop production.

KEYWORDS: Maize, Germination, Fresh and dry weight and planting.


35

POTENTIAL USE OF TYPHA LATIFOLIAL. FOR DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY USING CONSTRUCTED WETLAND:

PHYTOREMEDIATION1*Kanaujia Pankaj, 2Giri A. K., 1Srivastava Madhu Prakash and 1Dixit Sonal

1Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226007(UP), India2Institute of Environment & Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128(U.P.), India


ABSTRACTThe properties of untreated sewage indicate the sewage used in the study classified the sewage into a medium load ofwastewater. The BOD, COD and TKN value in different treatments after 2 and 4 days period of residence time indicatedthe trend as: untreated sewage > control>Phytoremediated sewage. During 2 and 4 days residence time the pollutantremoval efficiency in absence of plant (control) for BOD, COD and TKN recorded 15.68 %, 22.46 & 12.43% and 29.68 %,53.53 % & 27.97 % respectively. Similarly, this removal efficiency in presence of plant (typhalatifolia) showed for 2 and4 days 32.2 %, 38.4% 24.86% and 48.02%, 65.72% 44.84% respectively. The highest pollutant removal efficiency inpresence of Typhalatifolia in our study suggests its potential use for domestic wastewater treatment in Jhansi city. Anumber of problems can be solved by constructed wetland like denitrification, adsorption of ammonia, ions, heavy metals,phosphorus compounds, removal of pathogens, uptake of toxic substances as well as decomposition of biodegradableorganic matter and toxic organic compounds.

KEYWORD: Phytoremediation, Domestic waste water, Constructed wetland, Typhalatifolia.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES USING SEEDS OFCUCURBITA MAXIMA AND ITS IMPACT ON FUSARIUM SPECIES

1*Singh Hina, 2Shrivastava J. N., 1Kanaujia Pankaj1Department of botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226007(U.P.), India

2Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India*Corresponding Author E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTWe report here the Biosynthesis of Gold nanoparticles using seeds of Cucurbita maxima and its impact onFusariumspecies. Seed extract of the plant were reacted with aqueous solution of HAuCl4·4H2O under mild reactionconditions. Synthesis of AuNPs was confirmed from the UV-Vis study of surface plasmon resonance property of thecolloidal solution. The XRD analysis showed intanse peaks corresponding to (111) Bragg’s reflection based on the FCCstructure of gold nanoparticles. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) Confirmed the shape of the gold nanoparticles withaverage size of 50 µm synthesised. Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) analysis of seed extract and lyophilized AuNPsshowed the presence of various functional groups present in diverse phytochemicals.

KEYWORDS: Gold nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Seeds extract, UV Vis spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, FTIR.


36

α-L-RHAMNOSIDASE FROM ASPERGILLUS FLAVIPUS USING CITRUS SOLIDWASTE AS INDUCER FOR APPLICATION IN JUICE INDUSTRY

*Yadav Sarita and Yadav SudhaDepartment of Chemistry, Deen Dayal Upadhyay. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, U.P. (India)

*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTα-L- rhamnosidase is an important biotechnologically enzymes that dermnosylated terminal α-L rhamnose from a varietyof natural products. The dermnosylated product is rare compound of pharmaceutical importance. In these studies, theeffect of different inducers on the production of α-L- rhamnosidase from Aspergillus flavipus MTCC-4644 wereinvestigated. Additions of solid Citrus waste have been found to increases the production of α-L- rhamnosidase. Additionof 20% (w/v) citrus solid waste and 3.5 % naringin enhance the activity of α-L- rhamnosidase from A. flavipus. The pHoptima and temperature optima of enzyme were 5.5 and 55°C, respectively. The Km values using p- nitrophenyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside as the variable substrates in 0.2M Sodium phosphate buffer pH 5.5 at 55 0C was 0.48x103µM.

KEYWORDS: terminal α-L rhamnose, Aspergillus flavipus, Citrus waste.

PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF SOYABEAN [Glycine max (L.)Merrill] THROUGH IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES IN FARMERS FIELD

1P.N. Tripathi, 1Mragendra Singh, 2U. S. Mishra and 3Rohit Pandey1KVK , Shahdol (MP)

2M. G. C. G. Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna- 485 780 (M.P.)3J.N. KrishiVishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur (MP)

ABSTRACTSoybean is the most important oilseed and pulse crop of Madhya Pradesh. One of the major constraints of its lowproductivity is non adoption of available improved technologies. Frontline demonstration were conducted during kharifseason of 2012-13 at 60 farmers fields, to demonstrate production potential and economic benefits of improvedtechnologies comprising of high yielding short/medium duration varieties (JS 335, NCR-7, JS93-05 and JS95-60),integrated nutrient management (20:26.6:6:20,N:P:K:S kg/ha), seed treatment with fungicides (thirum+carbendazem withratio of 2:1@3kg seed) Bradyrhizobiumjaponicicum and phosphorus-solubilising bacteria each @10g/kg seeds and weedremoval (at 25 DAS) at farmers field in district Harda of Madhya Pradesh under rainfed conditions. The results revealedthat farmers could increase soybean production significantly. In these demonstrations the adoption of integration ofimproved technologies of soybean led to enhancement of the productivity by 34.33 per cent return by 31.05 per cent overfarmers’ practice. The integration of different component of technologies of soybean cultivation reduced the cost ofcultivation (Rs./q) by 6.25 per cent.

KEYWORDS: INM, improved technologies, soybean.


37

EFFECT OF PRETILACHLOR, PENOXSULAM AND PYRAZOSULFURONHERBICIDES ON SOIL PROPERTIES OF PADDY GROWN AREA

Nagwanshi Anil, Dwivedi A. K. and Sondhia ShobhaDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiViswavidyalaya,

Jabalpur (MP) -482004 India

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2012-2013 at experimental farm of Directorate of WeedScience Research, Jabalpur. The treatments included application of various herbicides applied to paddy crop @pretilachlor 750 g a.i. ha-1, penoxsulam 25g a.i. ha-1, and pyrazosulfuron 25 g a.i. ha-1 and weedy and handweeding. NPK @ 120:60:60, kg ha-¹ for the respective paddy crops. The experiment was consisted of 5treatment with 4 replications laid out in randomized block design. The result revealed that there is no variationwas found in the values of soil pH and EC due to application of variable amount of herbicides. Thus the opinionthat herbicide and inorganic fertilizers deteriorate the soil health is disapproved. On the other hand organiccarbon content in the surface soil was found to be increased with application of different treatments at harvestwas found between 6.0 to 7.4 g kg-1 andhighest organic carbon was found in weedy plots. Similarly data on soil availablenitrogen content was found between 180.25 to 253.25 (kg ha-1) treatments respectively. While, the available P contentwas found a range 10.75 to 34.66 (kg ha-1) in 0-20 cm soil surface layer in all the treatments. The highestcontent was recorded with application of penoxsulam treatments. High sulphur content was recorded in herbicidetreated plots (T2 penoxsulam 25 kgha-1 and weed free plots (T5) in comparison to the weedy plots (T4).

KEYWORDS: Pretilachlor, Penoxsulam and Pyrazosulfuron

PROCESSING STABILITY OF MINERALS QUALITY OF [Glycine max (L.)Merrill.] CULTIVARS

1Pathak M. K., 1Kakkar Arun and 2*Pandey Rohit1Govt. (Auto) Model Science College, RDVV, Jabalpur 482 005 M.P., India

2*JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P., India

ABSTRACTMinerals are vital for the overall mental physical well being and are important constituent of bones, teeth, tissues, muscles,blood and nerve cells. These minerals are considered to be essential in human nutrition, healthful preventive andtherapeutic roles for several diseases. Five popular cultivars (V1) JS-20-29, (V2) JS-20-34, (V3) JS-97-52, (V4) JS-93-05and (V5) JS-95-60 were used to study the processing Stability of Minerals quality. The results found that the value of Caranging 10- 120, Mg 4.9 -71.9, Na 0.60-1.34, K 145-1216, P 15-257, Fe 1.46-5.78, Cu 0.01-0.36, Zn 0.07-1.23 and Mn0.05-1.32 mg/100g loss as compare to raw seed after processing. It was also found that loss of total minerals (ash) rangedfrom 0.103 to 0.927%.

KEYWORDS: minerals, human nutrition, therapeutic roles.


38

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LEAF SPOT DISEASE OFWHEAT

*Seth Rajendra Kumar, Alam Shah and Shukla D. N.Bharagawa Agricultural Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad,

Allahabad, U.P. India 211002.*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTIn current study, isolation andidentification of leaf spot disease of wheatduring November to April 2014-2015. The resultswere obtained different 13 fungi isolated from infected leaf part of wheat in all over districts. In the Allahabad district, theresults were highly recorded six fungi viz. Alternariatriticina, Erysiphegraminis, Pucciniagraministritici,Bipolarissorokiniana, Puccinia recondite and Septoriatritici. In the Mirzapur district, the five fungi were highly recordedviz.Bipolarissorokiniana, Erysiphegraminis, Pucciniagraministritici, Puccinia recondite and Septoriatritici. In theVaranasi district, the five fungi also were highly recorded viz.Alternariatriticina, Bipolarissorokiniana, Erysiphegraminis,Puccinia recondite and Septoriatritici.

KEYWORD: Isolation, Identification, Leaf spot, wheat.

CHARACTERIZATION AND SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF DREDGEDASA RIVER SEDIMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE REUSE

*Fawole O. B., Affinnih K. O., Ahamefule H. E., Eifediyi E. K., Abayomi Y. A., Olaoye G.& Soremekun J. A.

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin-Nigeria.*Corresponding authorE-mail: [email protected]/[email protected]

ABSTRACTSediments represent one of the ultimate sinks for heavy metals discharged into the environment. Consequently, sustainablereuse of these environmental wastes which is on the increase owing to climate change requires a holistic approach. Acharacterization study was embarked upon on dredged Asa River sediments from four strategic locations. Physicalproperties- particle size, moisture and total solids- ; chemical parameters such as total nitrogen, organic matter, heavymetals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu) as well as microbial characteristics were conducted using standard procedures. Itwas observed that the sediments were mainly sand with pH in the slightly acidic range (5.4 – 6.3). Total N and organicmatter contents were high (4.1 – 5.2 g kg-1 and 10.9 – 15.9 g kg-1, respectively), indicating low biological activity due tolevel of pollution and soil type. Aspergillus species were the most abundant isolated fungi with six different species whileBotryodiplodiatheobromaehad the lowest percent occurrence of 2.8. It could thus be inferred from this study that AsaRiver sediment is a rich organic materrial whose heavy metals mobility and toxicity could be modified by processes thatcould lead to their biotechnological potential in bioremediation using indigenous fungi.

KEYWORDS:ASA River, Fungi, Metals, Sediment.


39

PALYNOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY RELATIONSHIP OF THE FACIESINTERTONGUEING BETWEEN THE AFIKPO SANDSTONE AND NKPORO

SHALE IN THE CRETACEOUS ANAMBARA BASINSOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

1A. O. Ola-Buraimo and 2Akaegbobi I. M.1Department of Geology, Federal University BirninKebbi, BirninKebbi, Nigeria

2Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

ABSTRACTThe palynological research on ditch cutting samples from the upper part of the Ubiaja- 1 well (40-1425ft) located in thewestern flank of the Anambra Basin Nigeria has shown that the sandstone of Campanian to Early Maastrichtian age inAfikpo Basin has lateral extension into the Anambra Basin. Lithological description of the stratigraphic sequence indicatesthat the interval is characterized by nine different lithofacies units. These include granulestone, conglomeratic sandstonewhich are poorly sorted, thickly bedded and deposited in continental setting; pebble sandstone, coarse sandstone are alsopoorly sorted, with more pebble grains, deposited under high energy current in continental environment. Other lithofaciesinclude claystone, mudstone; deposited in fluviatile environment; heterolithfacies of various proportions of sand and shalecomprising of shaly sand and sandy shale deposited in deltaic setting; followed by dark grey shale, deposited in themarginal marine environment. The sandstone facies is dated Campanian to Early Maastrichtian; equivalent to AfikpoSandstone in the adjacent Afikpo Basin.Two palynological zones: Milfordiaspp acme zone I characterized by relative high abundance of Milfordiaspp such asMilfordiasp and Milfordiajardinei, dated Campanian and the overlying Foveotriletesmargaritae zone II characterized bypaucity of Milfordiaspp and co-occurrence of Monocolpopollenitessphaeroidites, Syncolporitessp, Ephedripitessp, andMonosulcitessp; dated Early Maastrichtian age. The age dating and the stratigraphic lithofacies is equivalent to NkporoShale/Afikpo Sandstone known for Afikpo Basin Stratigraphy but here reported newly in the Anambra Basin. Thissuggests lateral faciesintertongueing of Afikpo Sandstone characterized by erosional surfaces, unconformable with NkporoShale, extended into Anambra Basin. The result reveals a new sandstone member in the Nkporo Formation or in anotherway makes Nkporo Formation to become Nkporo Group comprising of Nkporo Shale and Afikpo Sandstone

KEYWORDS: Nkporo Group, Intertongueing, Afikpo Sandstone, Nkporo Shale/Afikpo Sandstone, Campanian-Early Maastrichtianand Intercalation.

MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OFTHIOSEMICARBAZONE DERIVATIVE OF SUBSTITUTED CHALCONE AND

ITS ZN (II) COMPLEX

* Kusum Lata Dangwal & A. R. SemwalDepartment of Chemistry, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun-248001 (Uttarakhand) India

*Corresponding authorE-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTPresent paper deals with microwave assisted green synthesis, physico-chemical studies of complex of 2’, 4’-dihydroxy 4-bromochalcone thiosemicarbazone with Zn (II) ion. The structure of the complex was characterized by elemental analysis,molar conductance, magnetic moment, IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectroscopic data and thermal studies. The 1:2 metal to ligandsstoichiometry was indicated by monovariantconductometric titrations which further confirmed by Job’s method ofcontinuous variation as modified by Turner and Anderson (conductance as index property).Presence of coordinated watermolecules was confirmed by TGA studies. IR data showed that Zn (II) is coordinated to ligand via the phenolic-O andazomethine-N of ligand. The stability constant (Ks) of the complex determined by Turner and Anderson have modifiedJob’s method was 10.8674. The standard free energy change for the complex formation was calculated using therelationship ΔG° = - RT ln Ks and it was found to -14.9190 KCal/mole at 27±2°C. The octahedral structure for complexwas proposed on the basis of analytical data and elemental analysis. Synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobialactivities and showed moderate to good activity against E. coli, S. aureus, A. niger, and Penicillum sp. at differentconcentration.

KEYWORDS: green synthesis, microwave assisted, 2’, 4’-dihydroxy 4-bromochalcone thiosemicarbazone.


40

CYTOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE ONTWO NON-TARGET VIGNA SPECIES

Singh Namrata and Srivastava AlkaIn Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany ,University of Lucknow,

Lucknow 226007(U.P) India*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTNon-target plants are species that get unintentionally exposed to agrochemicals which are meant for some specific plants.Non-target plants get effected directly or indirectly, due to which, change in the survival, growth, cytological andphysiological parameters is observed. In the present investigation, the effect of herbicide glyphosate on two non-targetVigna species was studied in relation to these parameters.Mitotic index was found to decrease with increase inconcentration of glyphosate in both varieties. The number of abnormal cells and relative abnormality rate increased withconcentration of herbicide. Chromosomal anomalies like chromosomal bridges, laggards, clumping, micronuclei,binucleate, and trinucleate were observed in both the varieties and are indicative of mutagenic potential of herbicide.Oxidative stress has been reported to be induced by wide range of environmental factors including herbicide exposureandplants respond to it by upregulation of ROS scavenging enzymeslike SOD, peroxidase and catalase. Our results reveal thatthe activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and GST increased with increased concentration of herbicide inboth varieties.The difference observed in the response of the two non-target Vignaspecies will be presented

KEYWORDS: Non-target plants, agrochemicals, Vigna species, environmental factors.

PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF NATURALLY OCCURRING WEEDSPECIES GROWN ON THE METAL CONTAMINATED SOIL

1*Vishnoi Neha, 2Dixit Sonal, 2Sharma Y. K. and 1Singh D. P.1Department of Environmental Science, BabasahebBhimraoAmbedkar University,

Raibareilly Road, Lucknow – 226 025, India2Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow – 226007, India

ABSTRACTPlants which grows naturally in metal contaminated land accumulates much more heavy metals as compare to artificiallygrown plants. The purpose of the present study was to find out the efficient metal accumulator naturally growing weedspecies and to assess their phytoremediation potential. The heavy metal accumulation potential of ten native weed speciesviz. Amaranthus sp., Catharanthusroseus, Croton bonplandianum, Cynodondactylon, Cyperusrotundus,Phyllanthusfratemus, Xanthium hysterophorus, Xanthium strumarium, Sidasp. And Thevetia sp. growing naturally in thesurrounding of a flash light manufacturing industry at Lucknow, UP, India was studied. Heterogeneous accumulation ofmetals was found among all the tested weeds and also in their plant tissues i.e. roots, shoots and leaves. The concentrationof Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn among the entire tested weed species were ranged between 96.38-1116.76, 52.96-1215.91, 38.2-470and 257.08-1365.23 µg g-1 respectively. All the plants were found to have an enrichment coefficient of >1, which reflectstheir high metal accumulation potential. Findings of this study suggest that the studied weed species may be used for thephytoremediation and restoration of land contaminated with heavy metals.

KEYWORDS: Bioaccumulation; Enrichment coefficient; Heavy metals; Hyperaccumulation; Phytoremediation.


41

ASSESSING AND INTERPRETING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONPATTERN OF INSECT POPULATION IN PEGEONPEA

1Shrivastava Aman, 1Saxena R. R., 1Sahu Alka & 2Singh D. P.1College of Agriculture, Indira GandhiKrishiVishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), India

2S.G. College of Agriculture & Research station, Indira GandhiKrishiVishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), India*Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTSpatial distribution is one of the most important ecological properties of a species and information on this aspect can serveas a basis for decision making to implement management strategies in the field. The importance insect’s pests cause nearly30 % economic losses, that why study of its spatial distribution is essential for designing correct control strategies, andadopting precise agricultural techniques. Insect population was collected from the farmer’s field during 2015-16 toassessing and interpretating the spatial distribution pattern of pod borer. The insect population were analyzed usingdifferent distribution indices and two regression models (Taylor and Iwao). Among different indices, the variance meanratio values were observed less than 1 and Mean crowding, David & Moore index and Iwao’s m*-m relationship, indicesalso indicated regular distribution pattern of pod borer. Patchiness index value observed less than 1, indicated in dispersednature distribution pattern. The correlation coefficient measured the association of weather parameters along with podborer population density and the forewarning cubic (Model A) and regression model (Model B) also used for forecasting ofoccurrence of pod borer in Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan (L.). In our study the developed model, Model –II was observedminimum standard error and R2 than the model-I. It was found that model-B fitted better with then the population densityof model-A

KEYWORDS: Insect population density, spatial distribution pattern and distribution indices.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TRADITIONAL (WOODEN PLANK)AND IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY (PANT LOADING RAMP) USED FORLOADING AND UNLOADING TASK TO ALLEVIATE PHYSIOLOGICAL

AND PSYCHOPHYSICAL TRAUMA

Pandey Kumkum and Deepa VinaySRF and Professor & Head, Department of FRM, college of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar,

Uttarakhand-263145*Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTPeople working in the rice processing units of India are involved in the intensive manual handling task and facing a hugeamount of ergonomic hazards only because of inefficient availability and poor designing of technology. This study wasdone in the rice mills of Rudrapur block, district Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India to evaluate the traditional(wooden plank) and improved technology (pant loading ramp) designed to load and unload the rice sacs and compared onthe basis of physiological and psychophysical parameters. Loading and unloading of rice sacks of 60 kg., was selected forthe comparative evaluation. Traditional technology was poorly and un-ergonomically designed that reduces efficiency andproductivity of the workers. Thus on the basis of need assessment a new intervention i.e. pant loading ramp was developed,tested and statistically verified by using the response surface methodology (RSM) besides this, relative advantages,satisfaction matrix and users acceptability were also tested. Selected sample for the experiment of the study were 40 maleswith mean and SD of age 27 and 4.23. Results revealed that developed pant loading ramp was more lengthy (19 feet) wide(1.5 feet), anti-slippery, easy to move (rotating wheels) and reduces time for ramp preparation from 35 to 5 minutes,adjustable at varying heights of the loading vehicle (between 2.5-5 feet). In comparative experiment reduction of meanphysiological (HR, EE, PCW, VO2 max) and psychophysical parameters (RPE, MSD) were found. Thus it reducesdrudgery and gives maximum production with minimum energy expenditure and time. Newly developed pant loading ramphaving a height 3 feet, time 3.29 minutes and load weight of 60 kg. give maximum production with 22.80 % MSD,126.76 beats/min. heart rate, 11.41 kJ/min. energy expenditure, (20 % RPE, 564.36 beats TCCW, 34 L/min VO2max.and 3.30 % grip strength with overall desirability of 0.84 percent by using the RSM method. relative advantages,satisfaction matrix and users acceptability showed that users were highly satisfied and found it advantageous and acceptedby the 85 % of the respondents.

KEYWORDS: MSD VO2 Max, Psychophysical parameters, RSM.


42

EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIALS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ONSHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF OKRA

*Garande V. K., Indore H. D., Dhumal S. S., Patgaonkar D. R., Patil V. S. and Sonawane P. N.Department of Horticulture,College of Agriculture, Kolhapur – 416004 (MPKV Rahuri)


ABSTRACTThe effect of packaging materials and storage conditions on physic-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic quality ofokra during refrigerated storage, zero energy cool chamber and ambient temperature was conducted in Post-harvestTechnology Laboratory of Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur during summer season of 2015 with sixtypes of packaging material such as 150, 200, 300, 400 gauge polyethylene bags with 2% vents, punnets and control i.e.without packaging. The data revealed that, the increasing trend with respect to physiological loss in weight of okra, but therate of increase was faster under room temperature as compared to zero energy cool chamber and refrigerated storage. Allsamples of okra packed in different packaging materials showed decreasing trend with respect to firmness, ascorbic acidcontent, total chlorophyll content and ash content, but the rate of decrease was faster under room temperature as comparedto zero energy cool chamber and refrigerated storage. The data with respect to microbiological parameters like total aerobiccount and total yeast and mould count exhibited increasing trend but the rate of increase was faster under room temperatureas compared with zero energy cool chamber and refrigerated storage. The okra fruits packed in 400 gauge polyethylenebags with 2% vents were found to be best packaging material for extending the shelf life up to 15 days in refrigeratedstorage followed by zero energy cool chamber up to 9 days and room temperature up to 3 days by considerably reducingthe PLW and retaining sensory quality.

KEYWORDS: packaging materials, storage conditions, okra.

EFFECT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON GROWTH AND YIELDATTRIBUTES OF WHEAT CROP (Triticum eastivum L.) IN SODIC SOIL

1Surendra Ram, 2 Katiyar T. P. S., and 3Singh S. P.1Subject Matter Specialist (Soil Science),KrishiVigyan Kendra, Chandauli,2Ex. Prof. & Head, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry

3Director Extension, N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (UP)-224229*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil amendments on growth and yield attributes of wheat crop(Triticumeastivum L.) in sodic soil was carried out during Rabi season of 2012-2013 at Main Experimental Station (MES)of N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad (UP). The experiment with twolevels of gypsum @ 100% and 75% G.R. alone and in combination with press mud / FYM/Paddy straw/Subabool leaf wereused as soil amendment was laid down in randomized block design with three replications. The wheat variety “Lok-1” wastaken as test crop. The results revealed that the highest yield and yield attributes of wheat crop such as plant height, no. oftillers per running meter, no. of effective tillers per running meter, no. of grain ear-1, test weight, grain and straw yield werealso recorded with the application of gypsum 100% + Press mud / FYM @ 10 t/ha.

KEY WORDS: Wheat ((Triticumeastivum)), gypsum, organic materials, yield and yield attributes.


43

GENETIC RESISTANCE OF THE BIVOLTINE SILKWORM, BOMBYXMORI L. GENOTYPES TO VIRAL DISEASES*Gani Mudasir, Chouhan S., Babu Lal, Khan Gulab and Dhar Anil

Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Pampore, Jammu & Kashmir, – 192 121, India*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe mulberry silkworm (BombyxmoriLinneaus) is an economically important insect domesticated for silk production. Thesilk industry suffers significant losses due to various viral infections to B. moriL.such as nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV),cypovirus (CPV), infectious flacherie virus (IFV) and densovirus (DNV) during the various larval stages. Some silkwormraces/breeds can resist a high density of one or more kinds of virus, but they become infected when the amount ofinoculum they ingest is high. On the other hand, there are some silkworm races/breeds that show absolute resistance toviral pathogens regardless the amount of viruses they ingest. Although silkworm susceptibility to viruses varies greatlydepending upon the developmental stage and rearing conditions, such as temperature and food quality, the resistance isgenerally controlled by polygenes except DNV. It is still unknown how the resistance genes control the resistance againstviral pathogens. Identification of the virus-resistant genes from silkworm races having diversified genetic and geographicalorigin will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of viral infection and insights into the molecular interactionsbetween viruses and silkworms. Now-a-days the emphasis is given to bivoltine silkworm hybrids as compared tomultivoltine hybrids because of their resistance/tolerance towards viral diseases. Hence, development of resistant/toleranthybrids from races of bivoltine origin will help to enhance silk production both qualitatively and quantitatively in India.

KEYWORDS:Silkworm, B. mori, Resistance, Disease, Virus

EFFECT OF ROW DIRECTION AND SPACING ON GROWTH, YIELDAND OIL CONTENT OF TORIA (Brassica compestris)

1Chauhan Abhishek, 2Singh Rajesh1Research Scholar, Department of Agronomy, SHIATS

2Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, SHIATSAllahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,

Allahabad – 211007

ABSTRACTA Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of row direction and row spacing on growth, yield and oil content oftoria. The treatments consisted of two row directions (North-South and East-West) and four row spacings (25, 30, 35 and40 cm). Among the row directions, maximum plant height (108.57 cm), number of primary branches/plant (6.63), numberof secondary branches/plant (11.44) and plant dry weight (33.82 g) was recorded under North-South direction, whereas,among the row spacing, maximum plant height (113.94 cm), number of primary branches/plant (8.33), number ofsecondary branches/plant (14.91) and plant dry weight (34.92 g) were recorded with wider (40 cm) row spacing. Theresults indicated that maximum number of siliqua per plant (295.08), number of seeds per siliqua (15.85), test weight (3.51g), seed yield (11.63 q ha-1), harvest index (26.94 %) and oil content (38.41 %) was obtained under north-south rowdirection, whereas, amongst the row spacings the highest number of siliqua per plant (353.83), number of seeds per siliqua(16.77), test weight (3.81 g), seed yield (14.75 q ha-1), harvest index (29.56 %) and oil content (41.33 %) were recordedunder 40 cm row spacing.

KEYWORDS: Toria (Brassica compestris), North – south row direction, East – West row direction, row spacings.


44

STUDIES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND OIL CONTENT OF TORIA(BRASSICA COMPESTRIS) AS INFLUENCE BY ROW DIRECTION AND

SPACING.1Chauhan Abhishek, 2 Singh Rajesh

Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,Allahabad – 211007

ABSTRACTA Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of row direction and row spacing on growth, yield and oil content oftoria. The treatments consisted of two row directions (North-South and East-West) and four row spacings (25, 30, 35 and40 cm). Among the row directions, maximum plant height (108.57 cm), number of primary branches/plant (6.63), numberof secondary branches/plant (11.44) and plant dry weight (33.82 g) was recorded under North-South direction, whereas,among the row spacing, maximum plant height (113.94 cm), number of primary branches/plant (8.33), number ofsecondary branches/plant (14.91) and plant dry weight (34.92 g) were recorded with wider (40 cm) row spacing. Theresults indicated that maximum number of siliqua per plant (295.08), number of seeds per siliqua (15.85), test weight (3.51g), seed yield (11.63 q ha-1), harvest index (26.94 %) and oil content (38.41 %) was obtained under north-south rowdirection, whereas, amongst the row spacings the highest number of siliqua per plant (353.83), number of seeds per siliqua(16.77), test weight (3.81 g), seed yield (14.75 q ha-1), harvest index (29.56 %) and oil content (41.33 %) were recordedunder 40 cm row spacing.

KEYWORDS: Toria (Brassica compestris), North – south row direction, East – West row direction, rowspacings.

RESPONSE OF HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L.) TO DIFFERENT DATESOF TRANSPLANTING, SPACING ANDNUMBER OF SEEDLINGS/HILL

Dubey Shivam and Singh RajeshDepartment of Agronomy, SHIATS, Allahabad-211007 (U. P.)

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2011 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHIATS,Allahabad. The experiment consisted 18 treatments, laid out in RBD and replicated thrice. The treatments included threedifferent dates of transplanting (15th July, 27th July and 9th August), three spacing’s (20cm x 10cm, 20cm x 15cm and 20cmx 20cm) and two seedling rates (1 seedling hill-1 and 2 seedling hill-1) in hybrid rice. Out of them treatment T6 (15th Julytransplanting, 2 seedling/hill and 20cm x 20cm spacing) recorded the maximum value for plant height, no. of tillers/hill,no. of effective tillers/hill, plant dry weight andRGR. The yield attributes namely no. of grain panicle-1, length of panicle(cm), test weight, straw yield and maximum grain yield were also obtained in the aforesaid treatment.

KEYWORDS: Hybrid rice, dates of transplanting, plant geometry, number of seedlings / hill.


45

EFFECT OF LEVELS OF INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND SEEDINNOCULATION WITH BIO-FERTILIZERS CULTURE ON GROWTH AND

YIELD OF FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum L.)

Jyoti Amarjeet Kumar, Swaroop N.Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, in Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture,

Technology and Science, Allahabad, U.P. India

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (November-April) 2015-2016 to study the “Effect of bio-fertilizerand different levels of inorganic fertilizers for soil amelioration growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)” at theResearch Farm of Department of Soil Science, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Science,Allahabad, The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of NPK (0%, 50%, 100%, RDF) kgha-1 and three levels of Bio-fertilizer (PSB, Rhizobium and PSB + Rhizobium 75% t ha-1 The treatments combinationswere replicated three times and were allocated at random in each replication. The treatments combinations were replicatedthree times and were allocated at random in each replication. The treatment combination T6 [Rhizobium +100% RDF [N(25 kg ha-1), P(60Kg ha-1 )]gave the best result with the respect to plant height (82.02cm), number of branches plant-1

(16.93), Number of leaves plant-1 (81.33), number of nodules plant-1 (13.27), fresh weight of plant (g) (114.93), dry weightof plant (g) 22.73 it gave highest number of pods plant-1 18.27, number of seeds pod-1- 6.73, length of pod (cm)-7.00 andtest weight 253.07g. Combined use of inorganic fertilizer and bio-fertilizers resulted in significant increase on enrichmentof soil fertility status. The treatment T6 resulted in a slight decrease in soil PH 7.00 and significantly increases EC 0.277dSm-1, bulk density 1.34g cm-3, soil pore space 49.69%, % organic carbon 0.81%, available N 330.59 kg ha-1, P 32.37 kg ha-

1, K 197.85kg ha-1, in the soil. From the economical point of view, the same treatment gave the maximum profit of Rs64.413 with C:B ratio of 1: 2.34.

KEYWORDS: RDF, Bio-fertilizer, Field Pea, Growth and Yield.

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICESFOR ENHANCEMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY IN DIFFERENT RICE

ESTABLISHMENT METHOD

Singh S. K., Tiwari R. K., Tripathi S. K., Mahajan G., Singh Radha and Pandey S.K.J.N.K.V.V. College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.)

ABSTRACTTo assess the nutrient management crop yield while minimizing nutrient losses to the environment by managing nutrientsupply in the crop root zone. The method of crop establishments were taken as main plot treatments i.e. M1- mechanicaltransplanting, M2- Direct seeding, M3- Normal transplanting and different nutrient management treatments were taken assub plot i.e. S1- 100% of recommended inorganic fertilizers (120.60:40 kg NPK/ha) , S2- 75% inorganic + 25%(equivalent of N dose) organic , S3- 150% of recommended dose of fertilizer , S4- LCC based N application , S5- Locationspecific fertilizer management. The data revealed that Mechanical transplanting method followed with all the principles ofSRI resulted in the highest yield at Rewa. The highest yield was recorded at Rewa (6.3 t/ha) Similarly, among nutrientmanagement methods the highest overall mean yield (5.06 t/ah) was recorded in LCC based N application. However, itwas comparable with yield (4.95 t/ah) 150% recommended dose of fertilizer.

KEYWORDS: nutrient management, Mechanical transplanting, SRI, LCC.


46

STUDY OF RESPONSE OF NITROGEN ON AVT-2 RICE CULTIVARSUNDER HIGH AND LOW INPUT MANAGEMENT IN DIRECT SEEDED

CONDITION

Tiwari R.K., Tripathi S.K., Singh S.K., Mahajan G., Singh Radha and Pandey S.K.J.N.K.V.V. College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.), India

ABSTRACTThe Nitrogen response trial conducted on selected AVT-2 Rice cultivars under high and low input management in directseeded condition, Nitrogen doses taken as main plot treatments N1- 50% of recommended N dose , N2- 100% ofrecommended N dose, N3- 150% of recommended N dose with 6 rice cultivars, IET 23824, IET 24780, BPT 5204, IR 64Chittu Muthyalu and Kala Namk Rice cultivars IR 64 was found superior in yield and attributes i.e grain yield 4.81 t/hapanicle no. 298/m2 with panicle weight 3.25 g. followed by VPT 5304 grain yield 4.62 t/ha. The incremental doses ofnitrogen increased grain yield significantly up to 120 kg/nitrogen/ha. Over the mean grain yield of 100 kg N./ha.

KEYWORDS: Nitrogen, AVT-2 Rice cultivars.

CONCEPTUALIZING THE DIVERSITY OF EXOTIC CULTIVATED FLORAOF PANTNAGAR

Rana Sumita, Rawat D.S. and Pandey KumkumDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities,

G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTPlants are the major group of organisms present on the earth. Every species has its own role to play in the environment.Humans and most other animals are totally depending on the plants directly or indirectly. Biodiversity is the variationand variety of genes, organisms and species found in an ecosystem. On Earth Angiosperms are the most important anddiversified group of plants. The estimated number of Angiosperms (flowering plants) species ranges from 22,3000 -42,2000. As biodiversity decreases, the vulnerability of an ecosystem to pests and diseases increases. With respect tohousehold economy and national economy intentionally introduced plants have priority over native species. Therefore,exotic species are cultivated due to their economic importance as food plants, fiber plants, fruits and vegetables, medicinalplants, ornamental and aesthetic plants etc. The present study deals with comprehensive list of Exotic cultivated species atPantnagar with background information on family, habit and nativity. G. B. Pant University is a unique place in Tarairegion of Uttarakhand. Tarai region is situated near the outer Shivalik hills of the Himalaya. Geographically the land areacovered by the University lies in between the latitudes N 280 59’ 36” – 290 02’ 34” and longitude E 790 28’ 33” - 790 31’12” with an altitude range of 213 to 238 m. above the sea level. The present work will involve exploration of exoticcultivated flora in the entire area of Pantnagar in different seasons. This is the first assessment of alien cultivated flora ofthe Pantnagar region. There is a lot of scope for these exotic ornamentals in the floriculture, medicinal plants in auyarvedaand provides more information for further taxonomic studies.

KEYWORDS: Exotic, Ornamental Plants, Pantnagar, Floriculture


47

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND MONITORING IN EASTANTARCTICABharti Pawan Kumar

Scientist, Antarctica Laboratory, R&D Division,Shriram Institute for Industrial Research,19, University Road, Delhi-1100077, India

*Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected],

ABSTRACTLarsemann Hills is an ice-free coastal oasis in east Antarctica with exposed rock and low rolling hills and containshundreds of freshwater lakes of varying sizes, depth and biodiversity. An environmental study was being conducted atLarsemann Hills to evaluate the Ambient air quality, Lake and Sea water quality, soil and sediment characteristics, Noiselevel, solid waste generation, handling and disposal practices, etc. Geographically, the core study area (Bharti Island) issituated on Latitude 69° 24’ 00.0” S and 76° 10’ 00.0” E on southern part of the Earth. Air, water, soil and sedimentsamples were collected from various locations of different Islands/Peninsulas like Bharti Island, Fisher Island, McLeodIsland, Broknes peninsula and Stornes peninsula. This assessment and monitoring work was carried out to formulate thestrategy for the conservation of natural resources of Antarctica continent. The aim of this study is to assess the generalcharacteristics, metal content, pesticide, radiation contamination and bacteriological analysis of water, soil and sediment.The air quality of different islands was also conducted to assess the level of particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, sulphurdioxide, carbon monoxide and volatile compounds in air. The present work is aimed towards developing base line data forthe local environmental settings and to evaluate the impacts of various activities on the environmental components duringthe construction work of third Indian station, ‘Bharti’ in east Antarctica.

KEYWORDS:Antarctica, Environmental Monitoring, Water Quality, Environmental Components

ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF RICE MOTH, CORCYRACEPHALONICA (STAINTON) IN STORED WHEAT AT PANTNAGAR,

UTTARAKHAND*Yadav Usha and Tiwari Ruchira

Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G. . University of Agriculture andTechnology,Pantnagar- 263145, U S Nagar, Uttarakhand

*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected],

ABSTARCTWheat (TriticumaestivumL.) is one of the important leading cereal crop in India. Insects and pests severely infestagricultural stored products and are responsible for worldwide losses of stored grains upto 10 to 40% per annum. Themanagement practices of these insect pests are primarily dependent upon continued applications of hazardous insecticideswhich mainly cause toxicity to consumers and residues on grains. In view of these drawbacks, the laboratory experimentswere conducted during 2015-16 in Department of Entomology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,Pantnagar, Uttarakhand on the management of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica ( Stainton) using some eco-friendlyindigenous products such as chopped neem leaves, ajwain seed powder, garlic capsules, cow dung cake powder, ashpowder, saw dust, talcum powder sand and salt @ 2g/100g of wheat grains in comparison to chemical Rynaxypyr(coragen). The efficacy of eco-friendly indigenous products was tested by observing growth and development of differentlarval stages of C. cephalonica i.e.neonate (0-24h) old, 3rd instar (15daysold) and 5th instar (30days) on treated wheatgrains under controlled laboratory conditions. All indigenous materials were found very effective against neonate larvae asmost of the larvae died on wheat grains treated with chopped neem leaves, ajwain seed powder, cow dung cake powder,ash powder, talcum powder, saw dust, sand whereas cent percent mortality of 3rd instar larvae was observed in ashpowder and sand treated wheat seeds with very less growth index (GI) values calculated among the treatments ranged from0.14-0.77 in comparison to GI calculated on untreated wheat seeds (2.46). Similarly, the chopped neem leaves, ajwainseedpowder, cow dung cake powder, ash powder, talcum powder and sand were also found very effective against 5th instarlarvae as only 10-40% adult emergence was observed in treated wheat grains.The present studies clearly revealed that the eco-friendly indigenous products such as chopped neem leaves, ajwain seedpowder, cow dung cake powder, ash powder, talcum powder and sand were found very effective against all three larvalstages of C. cephalonica in stored wheat grains. Thus, it may be concluded that, these easily available, low cost eco-friendly indigenous products could surely be incorporated in the integrated pest management programme for stored wheatin Uttarakhand.

KEYWORDS: Ash, Corcyra Cephalonica, Cow Dung, Eco-Friendly, Neem, Sand, Stored Wheat


48

IDENTIFICATION AND CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL RICEVARIETIES IN CHATTISHGARH STATE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

ADAPTION

Dwivedi A.P., Mishra Anupam, Chand Prem, Singh S. R. K., Athare TusharICAR- Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone VII, Jabalpur, 482004, India


ABSTRACTFarmers over generations developed different varieties and land races for different agro-climatic and socio-economicconditions. A wealth of varieties of indigenous rice as a source of unexplored gene pool occurs naturally. These varietieshave great scope for climate change adoption. However, there has also been tremendous loss of traditional knowledgeassociated with traditional agro-ecosystems and production practices. The present study developed as institutionalarrangement for identification, collection of climate resilient rice varieties for conservation. Total 14 district namely;Balrampur,Baster,Bijapur,Bilaspur,Dantewada,Dhamtari,Janjgir-Champa,Jashpur,Kanker,Kawardha, Korea, Narayanpur,Rajnandgaon, Surguja falling under tribal forest region or biodiversity rich especially in rice genetic material were selectedfor the programme. Institutional arrangement, capacity building and awareness programme for different stakeholders wereat different levels organized during the period 2013-14 to 2015-16. The result of the study indicates that highest climateresilient varieties were identified in Baster agro-climatic zone. The different climate resilient characteristics of theidentified varieties were low water requirement, short duration, early maturity, resistance to different biotic stress like pestand diseases etc. The major climate resilient varieties were Chudidhan, Turiakabri, Laldhan, Lalchudidhan, Gudmadhan,Tulsighati, Jondra-nagdi etc. The study also suggests policy implications for identification, conservation and multiplicationof seed of such varieties.

KEYWORDS: Climate resilient; Traditional Rice varieties; Identification and Conservation; Tribal ecosystem

HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN RIVER GANGA AND RIVER YAMUNA ININDIA: A REVIEW

*Tiwari Aditi, Bajpai Shubham, Shukla D. N.Bhargav Agricultural Laboratory, Department of Botany University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002,

Uttar Pradesh, India*Corresponding Author’s E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTHeavy Metal Pollution is an immense unease to the environment as it is extensive and persistent in terms of being non-degradable. It looks as if man’s most terrible endeavor in his attempt to bump up industrial development and use offertilizers for agricultural development for alarming escalating population. Heavy Metals easily accumulate in biologicalsystems and relatively constant as well as toxic (for example carcinogens) and therefore their close monitoring is obliged.River Ganges and River Yamuna are very well thought-out to be the most virtuous rivers of India. Ganga has total extentof 2,525 km river ascended in the western Himalayas in India, and surge south and east through the Gangetic Plain ofNorth India and depart to Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh. The River Yamuna is the leading branch of River Ganga.The River Yamuna derives from the Yamunotri glacier. It surpasses through the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh,Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Delhi-NC in east of North India.The Ganges and Yamuna basins are themost overwhelmingly populated river basin in the world with immense polluted quality. Heavy population is importinggigantic amount of heavy metals in rivers which is causing great threat to the ecological balance including human beings,animals, plants microbes sustainability etc. This paper has collected a scientific literature survey on the major causes andsources of Heavy metal pollution of river water and sediments of River Ganga and its leading tributary River Yamuna inIndia. In addition the review has assembled the empirical data and information reflecting different sources of Heavy Metalwater pollution.

KEYWORDS: Pollution, water, heavy Metal, River.


49

FORMS OF POTASSIUM IN SOILS OF AGRICULTURE COLLEGERESEARCH FARM, INDORE, MADHYA PRADESH

1Anupama K., 2Bangar K. S., 2Khaddar V. K. and 2Singh Bharat1 Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

2RajmataVijayarajeScindiaKrishiVishwaVidyalaya, College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh

ABSTRACTPotassium (K) is an essential macro elements required for growth and development of plants, animals, and human beingsalso. The present study was carried out on the fractions of potassium (K) in surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm)soils of Agriculture College research farm, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India during 2015. Total 90 soil samples (45 surfaceand 45 sub-surface) from the 45 fields were collected. The mean values of pH were 7.57 and 7.54 for surface and sub-surface soil samples, respectively. About 66.67% surface and 68.89% sub-surface soil samples belonged to low status (<0.5%) of OC. The nitrogen (N) status was also low in surface and sub-surface soil samples (150-250 kg ha-1).Availablephosphorous (P) content was low to medium status in both depths of soil. The amount of water soluble, exchangeable,available, non-exchangeable, lattice and total K in different fields ranged from 4.20-36.00, 167-329.20, 212.10-347.00,180.40-430.40, 8113.80-15823.60, 8550.50-16490.60 mg kg-1 with mean value of 14.77, 256.10, 271.86, 305.08, 12285.10,12855.24 mg kg-1 in surface soils and 3.60-36.20, 184.10-335.70, 195.60-352.40, 208.80-395.80, 8922.80-16172.20,9445.60-16785.60 mg kg-1 with mean value of 15.94, 250.89, 266.82, 305.19, 12142.70, 12714.73 mg kg-1 respectively insub-surface soils. The water soluble, exchangeable, available, non-exchangeable and lattice K constituted 0.05-0.22, 1.95-2.00, 2.10-2.48, 2.10-2.60 and 94.90-95.95 per cent in surface soils and 0.03-0.22, 1.95-1.99, 2.07-2.10, 2.21-2.36 and94.50-96.35 per cent in sub-surface soils to the total K respectively. Electrical conductivity in surface and sub-surface soilshowed highly significant positive correlation with exchangeable (r=0.529**, r=0.571**), available (r=0.574**,r=0.588**), lattice (r=0.528**, r=0.570**) and total K (r=0.531**, r=0.569**). A highly significant positive relationshipwas also observed between different forms of K.

KEYWORDS: Potassium, water soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, EC.

RESPONSE OF LINSEED (LinumUsitatissimumL.) TO ESTABLISHMENTMETHODS AND VARIETIES IN VERTISOLS OF CHHATTISGARH

PLAINS OF INDIA1Dwivedi Sanjay K. and 2Singh P.K.

1Scientist, Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) India,2Project Coordinator, AICRP on Linseed, PC Unit, CSAU&T, Kanpur (U.P.) India,


ABSTRACTThe field experiment on the effect of establishment methods and varieties on yield components, yield and economics oflinseed was undertaken in vertisols of Chhattisgarh plains in India during Rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15. Theexperiment was laid out in split plot design with allocation of methods of establishment in main plot and varieties in subplot. The treatments were replicated four times. The treatments comprised of three methods of establishment i.e. M1: Dryseeding with planking followed by come up irrigation, M2: Dry seeding without planking followed by come up irrigationand M3: Seeding after pre-sowing irrigation and four varieties i.e.V1: T 397 (National check), V2: RLC 92, V3: IndiraAlsi 32 and V4: Shekhar. Linseed sowing by dry seeding with planking followed by come up irrigation (M1) gave higherplant population, enhanced the growth and yield attributes which in turn resulted in significantly highest seed yield(1297.5 kg ha-1) as well as net income (Rs 37938) amongst methods of establishment. With respect to varieties, RLC-92(V2) showed good stand establishment, highest oil content (41.4%) and produced vigorous growth and superior yieldattributes and highest seed yield (1293 kg ha-1) of linseed as well as accrued handsome net profits (Rs. 37873 ha-1) andB:C ratio (1.91).

KEYWORDS: Linseed, Establishment method, varieties, yield & oil content.


50

ASSESSMENT OF SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SURFACE WATERQUALITY OF THE RIVER KOSI , A MAJOR TRIBUTARY OF THE RIVER

GANGA IN NORTHERN INDIA

Singh Harendra, Shukla D.N.Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India-211002

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTWater quality of the River Kosi has been examined in special reference to Physico-chemical properties and seven heavymetals namely cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and on seasonalbasis for two consecutive years 2014-15 and 2015-16. Samples were collected from five stations namely Kosi BarrageBhimnagar (Supaul), Supaul city (Supaul), Dhamaraghat (Khagria), Fulaut (Madhepura) and Kursela (Katihar) of Bihar.The value of measured physico-chemical parameters were ranged as follows; Temperature (23.8-25.7 ºC), pH (7.8-8.2),Total Dissolved Solids (164-223 mg/l), Alkalinity (87-123 mg/l), Sulphate (14.60-22.2 mg/l), phosphate (0.09-0.03mg/l),Total hardness (108-156 mg/l),Chloride (3.60-7.66 mg/l),Nitrate (0.15 – 0.33 mg/l), Dessolved Oxygen (7.2-8.46 mg/l),Biological Oxygen Demond (2.20- 3.80mg/l) and Chemical Oxygen Demond (9.00-32.30 mg/l).The minimumconcentration of Co, Cu,Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn, Pb and was recorded as 0.005, 0.014, 0.0.001, 0.003, 0.009, 0.017 and 0.004 mg/lrespectively whereas the maximum value was recorded 0.016, 0.026, 0.006,0.018, 0.026, 0.124,and 0.023 mg/lrespectively at different sites in surface water of the river Kosi. Most of the above values were found either below or closedthe permissible limit set by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Public Health Survices (USPHS). WaterQuality Index (WQI) was ranged between 82-89 which indicates that the water quality is good. Correlation analysis amongall considered Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals shows good correlation with each other in both the years.The data generated may provide useful information to Governmental agencies to control the heavy metal pollution of theriver at these urban centers which may even be worst in future scenario. The present experimental data indicates that thepollution level along the river Kosi is not very high but the increasing population load in the basin may cause irreparableecological harm in the long-term.

KEYWORDS: Kosi River water. Environmental pollution. Heavy metals contamination. Water Quality Index. Correlation matrix.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER ALAKNANDAUTTARAKHAND, INDIA

*Kumar Pramod, 2Pandey Ruby, Singh Harendra, Raghuvanshi Divya, Tripathi Beenu, Shukla Uma &Shukla D. N.

Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India*Corresponding Author’s E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTThe present investigation reveals the seasonal changes in concentration of physico-chemical parameters in river Alaknandain the year 2015-16. Water samples were collected from different sitesviz . Vishnu Prayag, NandPrayag, KarnaPrayag andRudraPrayag of Uttarakhand during summer, monsoon and winter season. The physico-chemical parameters astemperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH),total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids, chloride, turbidity and electrical conductivity (EC)were used to analyze the pollution status of river Alaknanda at four selected sites. The results revealed that theKarnaPrayag site showed maximum concentration 1.97±0.91, 83.0±7.55, 63.33±8.50, 13.33±3.06, 252.0±48.5, 136.3±40.5of BOD, TH, TA, Turbidity, TS and TSS respectively. The water quality was recorded below the permissible limit setup byUnited Nation Public Health Services (USPHS) and World Health Organization (WHO). However it may exceed in futurewith increasing population and anthropogenic interference in the basin and can make ecological imbalance in river floraand fauna.

KEYWORDS: River Alaknanda, Pollution, Physico-Chemical Parameters And Uttarakhand


51

INTEGRAL EFFECT OF HERBICIDE AND SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOILNUTRIENT AVAILABILITY, FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN

TROPICAL RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM

Singh PratibhaRanjan Plant physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany,

University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211001, India.

ABSTRACTNitrogen (N) dynamics is the key factor for designing management strategies to achieve sustained crop productivity. A 2-yrfield experiment was performed to examine the influence of herbicide at recommended dose in combination with soilamendments of contrasting resource quality but with equivalent dose of N on soil Inorganic N content (NH4-N and NO3N), N mineralization rate, Plant N uptake, soil microbial biomass N and crop yield. Results indicate that combinedapplication of herbicide + animal manure result in relatively sustained availability of Nin and higher crop yield throughoutthe annual cycle. The study helps in designing new eco-technologies to combat the side effects of herbicides in agriculturalfield.

KEYWORDS: Herbicide, Soil Amendments, N Dynamics, Fertility, Tropical Dryland Agroecosystem

AN ASSESSMENT OF WATERLOGGING INDUCED MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SUGARCANE GENOTYPES AND ITS

ASSOCIATION WITH WATERLOGGING TOLERANCE

1Singh S.P., 1Jain Radha, 1Singh Smita, 1Singh Anshu, 2Pandey Nalini and 1Pathak A. D.1ICAR - Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow-226002

2Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow

ABSTRACTIn India, waterlogging afflicts about 10-30% of the sugarcane cropped area which is distributed in several parts of country(North Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, coastal areas of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Kolhapur area ofMaharashtra) where crop is exposed to stagnant water for 2–3 months during monsoon season. The important biologicalconsequence of waterlogging is the deficiency (hypoxia) or complete absence (anoxia) of oxygen in soil environmentwhich restricts the growth, development and finally the cane yield in sugarcane. The tolerant genotypes of sugarcane canadapt to waterlogging by developing different morpho-physiological mechanisms. The objective of this experiment was toassess the waterlogging induced morpho-physiological changes in different sugarcane genotypes, and to evaluate these inrelation to their waterlogging tolerance. Twenty three sugarcane genotypes including six commercial cultivars were plantedat Kharika farm of ICAR- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow during spring season 2016 under control (non-waterlogged) and waterlogged conditions. For the waterlogging treatment, crop was grown in a deep plot which wasponded with water (1 m depth) at the plant age of 120 days for a period of 70 days. Thereafter, ponded water wascompletely removed and no water stagnation was allowed in the plot. At this time, the non waterlogging (control)treatment received normal irrigation. The waterlogging tolerance of varieties was determined by using the formula- (stalkweight at the end of waterlogging – stalk weight before waterlogging) / stalk weight at the end waterlogging in control –stalk weight before waterlogging in control) X 100. Among evaluated genotypes, A-46-11, CoLk94184, UP9530,LG05020, LG04439, CoLk12202 and BO91 were identified as the waterlogging tolerant genotypes, while CoJ64 wasfound most susceptible. Waterlogging tolerant varieties showed increased intermodal length and higher stalk elongationrate during waterlogging as compared to susceptible one. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.64) was found betweenstalk elongation rate after waterlogging and waterlogging tolerance. Waterlogging caused severe leaf chlorosis and necrosiswhich reduced the total functional leaf area, leaf fresh weight and sheath weight; the tolerant varieties had relatively lessreduction in these traits. A significant positive correlation was found between waterlogging tolerance and leaf fresh weight(r = 0.50), as well as sheath weight (r = 0.46) after waterlogging. Waterlogged plants showed a general symptom of aerialrooting; however aerial root weight did not show any correlation with waterlogging tolerance. The stalk root weight ofmost of the varieties was decreased due to waterlogging; tolerant varieties showed relatively less decrease. A significantpositive correlation was found between stalk root weight after waterlogging (r = 0.56) and waterlogging tolerance. Thestalk root / aerial root ratio showed a marginal positive correlation (r = 0.26) with waterlogging tolerance. The findings ofthe experiment suggest that stalk elongation rate and maintenance of higher stalk root weight during waterlogging can beimportant traits to identify waterlogging tolerant genotypes.

KEYWORDS: Waterlogging, sugarcane genotypes, tolerance, leaf fresh weight.


52

IMPACT OF SODIUM BENZOATE ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS ANDYIELD OF WHEAT UNDER SALINE CONDITION

Kaushal Kumar, Chaudhary Sneha and Srivastava MalvikaStress physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur


ABSTRACTSalinity affects plant growth and agricultural productivity as a consequence of altered nutrient acquisition, osmoticpotential, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the potential ofsodium benzoate towards salinity in the salt sensitive (UP-2338) and tolerant (Kh-65) varieties of wheat. Morphologicalcharacter like height, specific leaf area and root spread were studied at different growth stages, foliar application of 0.5mMsodium benzoate. The response was more pronounces in sensitive variety compared to tolerant variety. Thus sodiumbenzoate can mitigate the adverse effect of salt stress in all the parameters studied and also help in increasing overallgrowth and yield of the test plant.

KEYWORDS: Salt Stress, Salinity, Sodium Benzoate.

INTER AND INTRA-SPECIFIC GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION ANDEVALUATION OF ACCESSIONS FOR QUALITY YIELD IN PLANTAGO

GERMPLASM

Dilshad Ahmed, Singh R.R.Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow. 226007 Uttar Pradesh, India.


ABSTRACTThe genus Plantago is a medicinal plant valued for its seed and husk which is mainly used in stomach disorder. Thepresent investigation was carried out to assess the genetic differentiation and divergence among 50 indigenous and exoticaccessions of Plantago collected from India and abroad. There was highly significant differences were noted for nineeconomic traits, indicates the existence of considerable genetic variability as apparent from the variation in plant heightand shape and size of inflorescence. The studied germplasm could be grouped into six clusters as enormous diversityamong accessions was indicated by the wide range of D² value. The cluster pattern was also confirmed by the canonicalanalysis. The number of panicles/plant was the highest contributor towards genetic divergence followed by panicle lengthwhereas the swelling factor was lowest contributor. About ten out of fifty accessions were identified to be best for either inpanicle length, seed yield, husk yield or swelling factor. These identified accessions could be exploited for commercialcultivation of isabgol on large scale and further in heterosis breeding.

KEYWORDS: Canonical analysis, Genotype, Medicinal plant, Plantago ovata, Swelling factor.


53

ASSESSMENT OF SOIL QUALITY UNDER RICE-MENTHA+WHEATFARMING SYSTEM OF SOIL BILASPUR TAHSIL OF RAMPUR DISTRICT

(UTTAR PRADESH)

Ravindra Kumar, Laxmikant, Singh Manoj, Prasad Narendra and Tripathi N.C.Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rampur, SVPUA&T, Meerut (U.P.)

ABSTRACTMacro and micro nutrients are important soil elements that control its fertility. Soil fertility is one of the important factorscontrolling yields of the crops. Soil characterization in relation to evaluation of fertility status of soil of an area or region isan important aspect in context of sustainable agriculture production. Because of imbalanced and inadequate fertilizer usecoupled with low efficiency of other inputs, the response efficiency of chemical fertilizer nutrients has declinedtremendously under intensive agriculture in recent year. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to examinethe chemical properties of soil in rice-menthe+wheat farming system.The study area covers BilaspurTehsil of Rampurdistrict of Uttar Pradesh. Soil samples of 0-15 cm depth were collected from 253 sites covering 15 gram panchayats.Collected soil samples were air dried in shade, crushed gently with a wooden roller and pass through 2.0 mm sieve toobtain a uniform representative sample. The processed soil samples were analyzed by standard methods.The pH variedfrom 5.8 to 8.9, organic carbon content varied from 3.7 to 6.7 g Kg-1 soil. The available N content was varied from 160.96to 255.34 kg ha-1 .The available phosphorous content varied from 29.72 to 57.55 P2 O5 kg ha-1 .Status of availablepotassium in the ranged from 160.23 to 285.23 K2O Kg ha-1. Cu in the surface soil was found to sufficient and varied from0.260 to 1.689 mg kg-1. The iron content varied from 5.215 to 17.800, Mn from 1.873 to 7.254 mg kg-1. The available Znin surface (0-15 cm) in soil ranged from 0.536 to 1.859 mg kg-1 soil in rice-menthe+wheat. Nutrient status regarding to theavailable macro and micro nutrient in surface soil indicate that soils are low in available N and medium in available P andK and in general marginal in available Cu,Fe, Mn and Zn. Normal to slightly alkaline in reaction, low to medium inorganic carbon content.

KEYWORDS: Soil Fertility,Macro & Micro Nutrients, Availability

NEED OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION FOR MITIGATE FOOD SECURITY

Sahu Yogesh KumarResearch scholar, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna – 485 780

(M.P.) IndiaCorresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe need of crop diversification in India as many parts of country have witnessed a grossly huge number of farmer suicidesand diversification of the crop mix can be an efficient mechanism for diminishing the impact of risk on farmer’s welfare.Furthermore, Indian agriculture is also critically influenced by the several restrictions and opportunities offered by theWTO regime, which requires India to import food products from abroad at subsidized prices on one hand which mighthave severe ramifications for Indian agriculture sector; while it also authorizes the production of high value horticulturaland livestock products to meet the ever rising consumption demand by the more affluent foreign as well as domesticconsumers on the other hand. Apart from this, Indian agriculture oversees a greater emphasis being laid upon thecultivation of wheat and paddy which involves some serious social, economic and ecological implications such as declinein the rate of growth of productivity, fall in agricultural self-employment, excess utilization of groundwater resources anddeteriorating soil fertility. In view of these challenges, diversification towards horticultural, agroforestry and livestockproducts can prove to be an expedient solution, thus deepening the employment opportunities while augmenting theincomes of the farmers, scaling down the spatial and temporal irregularities, containing the dilapidation of naturalresources to mitigate the food security and also increasing exports. The faith in diversification to enhance the farmemployment opportunities is borne out of the fact that horticultural, agroforestry and livestock products engage a largerworkforce than the traditional crops.

KEYWORDS: crop diversification, farm employment, livestock products.


54

SUITABILITY OF LICHENS IN MONITORING AIR POLLUTANTS INUTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

1Dwivedi S. K., 2Upreti D. K. & 1*Gupta Namita1Department of Environmental Science, B. B. A. (Central) University, Lucknow-226025

2Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTClimate change due to the greenhouse effect appears to be one of the most serious global threats expected in the futurewhich may significantly affect human environment as well as natural ecosystem. The problems of climate change isespecially vital for those countries located in arid zones and containing junctions of biological and floristic zones sincebiota of such frontier areas are very sensitive to climate change. Among the different organisms lichens are well knownfor their sensitivity against changes in microclimate and other environmental changes. Lichens lack significant cuticle andwell-developed root system, and absorb nutrients directly from the atmosphere. Along with nutrients, pollutants are alsoabsorbed on the lichen thalli without having any visible signs of injury to the thallus. Lichens can be used either asaccumulation indicators or as sensitive indicators of the environmental quality because of their bioaccumulation potentialand sensitivity to various pollutants. Periodically monitoring lichen community and physiological changes in the lichenspecies may be effectively utilized to monitor air quality of an area.Due to fast pace of industrialization and urbanization in the state of Uttar Pradesh, the environmental conditions has beenchanged very fast in the recent years. Still the areas in the outskirts of cities of the state exhibits good growth of lichens,thus can be utilized in biomonitoring pollution in a wider geographical range which cannot be possible throughequipments. Thus, the lichens can be used as suitable tool for pollution monitoring which is fast and economic also.

KEYWORDS: Lichens, Climate Change, Pollution, Monitoring.

SCREENING OF ANTAGONISTIC ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA AGAINSTCOLLETOTRICHUM FALCATUM CAUSING RED ROT IN SUGARCANE

CROP

Shastri Beenu & Rajesh KumarDepartment of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,

Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, U.P.*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) occupied a prized position in the agrarian economy of India. It is an important cashcrop of agriculture and trade in India. Diseases are the major constraint affecting the production as well as productivity ofsugarcane crop. Among various diseases of sugarcane, red rot is one of major devastating disease caused by fungusColletotrichum falcatum. Different approaches attempted to tackle the disease including cultural practices, crop rotation,fungicide application and using resistant varieties. These all practices gave promising results; but on the other side theyfailed due to development of new variants of fungal pathogen. Endophytic bacteria could be better alternative against theproblem of crop losses due to red rot pathogen which reduces the growth and yield of sugarcane crop. Endophytic bacteriaoffer a great advantage in the field of disease control. They accompaniment certain metabolic properties such as plantgrowth promotion, controlling phytopathogens or helping host plant to defeat stress response.In the present study, total 51 endophyte bacteria have been isolated from the sugarcane variety Co1148. All the isolatedendophytic bacteria were evaluated for dual plate antagonism against red rot pathogen of sugarcane Colletotrichumfalcatum. The results showed that 18 isolated bacteria were effective in inhibiting fungal mycelia growth under in vitrocondition. Majority of isolated antagonistic bacteria were also giving positive results for plant growth promotory attributes(IAA production, HCN production, and phosphate solubilization). Isolates 1148-B5, 1148-S11 and 1148-S12 gave morethan eighty percent inhibition against C. falcatum. Thus, present study investigated the potent endophytic PGPRs whichcould be use as bio-tool for the plant growth promotion as well as effective biocontrol agent against pathogen C. falcatum.

KEYWORDS: Sugarcane; Red Rot; PGPR; Endophytes; Biocontrol; Colletotrichum falcatum


55

SEPARATION, IDENTIFICATION & CHEMO-PROFILING OFPHYTOCHEMICALS FROM DHAINCHA SEED

(SESBANIA SESBAN SEED)*Singh Shobha, Geetendra Kumar, Srivastava Manjoosha, Mishra Karuna Shanker

Phytochemistry Division ,CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001Analytical Division, CSIR-Central institute of medicinal & aromatic plant, Lucknow-226001


ABSTRACTSesbania sesban plant is a short- lived shrub or small tree up to 8m. tall, commonly grown as a shade plant for youngseedlings grown during hot season. The plant has significant medicinal importance & possesses various biologicalactivities. The seed of dhaincha has various phytochemicals i. e. protein, sterol, saponin, galactomamman, flavanoid,glycoside, amino acids, fatty acids & vitamin-E and known for various activities i. e. stimulant, astringent, in treatingdiarrhea, molluscidal, spermicidal and bactericidal. In the present study seeds were separated by dry & wet methods i. e.seed coat, endosperm & germ, which were subjected to extraction process. Identification of phytochemicals viz. sugar,fatty acids & saponin was done through HPTLC & HPLC technique for development of chemical profile. Studies scope foridentification of chemo-markers & standardized separation/ extraction process for specific phytochemicals for its prospectsfor industrial utilization.

KEYWORDS: Sesbania, Seeds, Phytochemicals, Extraction, Chemo-markers

ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURE ON SOILHEALTH, PRODUCTION AND COLLECTING PARAMETER OF

GREEN GRAM [Vigna radiata (L.)]

Sirothia Pawan and Choubey PriyanshuDepartment of Natural Resource Management, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya,

Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P)

ABSTRACTThe field experiment was conducted on green gram (Vigna radiata L.) Mungbean is a third important pulse afterbengalgram and redgram. Mungbean is an important food legume widely consumed in India. During Kharif season of2015 on the experiment field of Agriculture farm of Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya,Chitrakoot, satna (M.P). to the assess of different organic treatment of vermicompost (5000 kg/ha) farm yard manure(5000 kg/ha) nadep (10000kg/ha) on growth and yield of green gram. The experiment was design Randomizeblock design. Total treatment was 9 all treatment wear replicated. It was observed that maximum grain yield wasfound in treatments vermocompost (T2 ) recorded significantly higher grain yield over Nadep compost (T6) (485 kg/ha),whereas the Nadep 15 kg/plot (T2 ) found significantly higher seed yield (491 kg/ha) among all the treatments. Howevertreatments of FYM (T2) and vermicompost (T7 ) yielded (489 kg/ha) same field and The lowest grain yield was recordedunder treatment of Nadep compost.

KEYWORDS: Green Gram (Vigna Radiate L.), Vermicompost, Nadep, Fram Yard, Yield.


56

ROLE OF AGROPHYSIOLOGY IN INCREASING THE YIELD OF THECROPS

1Saraswathi, 2Ashwini M., and 2Shilpa S. M.1Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural chemistry

2Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Agronomy

ABSTRACTCrop yield comprises only a portion of biomass that accumulates over a crop cycle. Effective root and canopy systems(including stem structure for foliage display), for example, generally must be vegetative biomass accumulates duringseason. Because crops are at mercy of spatial and temporal variations in weather, plant spacing, supplies of water andnutrients, and in occurrence of pests and disease. Therefore, flexibility in morphogenesis and acclimation of physiologicalsystems a key requirement for achieving high and stable performance. Whether biological efficiency of these processeshas, or might be, improved through breeding are important questions. Biomass and Other morphological traits associatedwith increased yield potential include grain number and HI. Even if HI could be raised to 60% from its current maximumvalue (50%), it implies that yields could only be increased by a further 20% using HI as a selection criterion, unless totalcrop biomass is also raised. Radiation use efficiency in a crop context represents ratio of total energy present in crop'sbiomass to that of solar energy incident on crop across its growth cycle. Genetic gains in N use efficiency (NUE), definedas grain yield per unit of N available to plant. Improvement in Nutrient Use Efficiency: Improvement in NUE has beenassociated with improvements in both total N uptake and efficiency of utilization in terms of grain yield. The GreenRevolution varieties demonstrated genetic gains in yield even under severely N-limited conditions i.e. 2 to 2.5 t ha-1 yieldlevels. Idea that higher yield potential could be achieved by designing a plant type that is well adapted to commercialpractice of sowing high density monocultures was introduced by Donald (1968). Many traits have been suggested inliterature as having potential to raise yield, but very few have been examined in a systematic way for their potential toincrease genetic gains when used as selection criteria. They have not generally been introgressed into high-yieldingbackgrounds, and little if any work has been conducted to assess potential complementarity between many morphologicaland physiological traits which have potential to improve the crop ideotype. Improving the source and sink ratio of the crop,leaf angle to utilize the maximum solar radiation and improve C4 crop yield to get the maximum yield in this new era isnecessary to produce higher yield to satisfy the increasing population and climate change.

KEYWORDS: Crop yield, biomass, Genetic gains, traits, growth cycle.

EFFECT OF FOLIAR NUTRITION AND SULPHUR ON GROWTH ANDQUALITY OF BLACKGRAM

1Limbikai Girish T., 2Netravati & 3Saraswathi1 Department of Agronomy,College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, Karnataka–580005 India

2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences,Shimoga-577225 Karnataka India

3Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences,Shimoga-577225 Karnataka India


ABSTRACTA field experiment was carried out to study the “Response of blackgram to sulphur application and foliar sprays underrainfed condition” at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Application of 20kg S per ha increased significantly plant height (25.27 cm), number of nodules (29.68), dry matter production (9.74g/plant), LA (5.30 dm2/plant), LAI (1.77), LAD (43.58), CGR(0.0427 g/dm2/days), NAR(0.0281 g/dm2/days), chlorophyllcontent (60.52) and protein content (24.45). The interaction between sulphur and foliar sprays revealed that, application of20 kg S/ha + RDF in combination with foliar spray had increased significantly growth and quality of blackgram.Significantly higher plant height, number of nodules, dry matter production, leaf area per plant, LAI,LAD, CGR, NAR,chlorophyll content at 60 DAS and protein content at harvest was obtained with application of 20 kg sulphur and 2% DAP+ 40 ppm NAA spray (28.84 cm, 34.73, 9.90g, 5.92 dm2/plant, 1.97, 52.53, 0.0479g/dm2/days, 0.0332 g/dm2/days, 60.12and 24.9%, respectively) over others.

KEYWORDS: Blackgram, Foliar Spray, Sulphur, Quality.


57

COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITYPAREMETERS IN NEWLY DEVELOPED MAIZE (Zea mays L.) INBRED LINE

CROSSES

1Netravati , 2Shantakumar G. and 3Saraswathi1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, college of agriculture, UAHS Shimoga (577225), Karnataka, India

2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, college of agriculture, UAS Dharwad (580008), Karnataka,India3Department of SS & AC, college of agriculture, Shimoga (577225), Karnataka, India

Current address : Department of genetics and plant breeding, College of Agriculture, Navile, UAHS, Shimoga -577225 (Karnataka)*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTIn heterosis breeding programme, the selection of parents/inbreds based on their morphological diversity with goodcombining ability is very important in producing superior hybrids. The analysis of general combining ability and specificcombining ability helps in identifying potential parents/inbreds for the production of superior hybrids. Studies oncombining ability were carried out at maize scheme, MARS, University pf Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during Kharif2011 for grain yield and quality parameters viz., protein and starch content in 91 single cross hybrids developed using 14 x14 diallel set (excluding reciprocals). The combining ability analysis revealed presence of higher magnitude of SCA thanGCA variance for all characters under study. The ratio of additive to dominance variance was lower than unity for all traits,indicating higher dominance variance than additive variance. From this study it is inferred that out of 91 hybrids studied,the cross combinations viz., 9 x 5, 10 x 7, 4 x 3, 14 x 10, 11 x 5, 9 x 8, 14 x 5 and 9 x 4 were found as good specificcombiners for grain yield along with protein and starch content. Among the 14 parents, the DMIL 9 and DMIL 5 werefound to be the best parents for grain yield, while the parents DMIL 14, DMIL 11, DMIL 10 and DMIL 3, DMIL 12 forprotein and starch content.

KEYWORDS: Zea mays L., Combining Ability, Grain Yield, Quality Parameters. Diallel.

ESTABLISHMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF CALLUS TO PLANTREGENERATION SYSTEM USING ANTHER CULTURE OF MAIZE

(Zea mays L)1*Netravati, 2H. D. Mohan Kumar and 3Ashwini M.

1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga-577204.2Special Officer (Seeds) and Chief Scientist (AINRP Tobacco), Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding ,

University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga-5772043Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, ShimogaKarnatak -577225, India


ABSTRACTAn Experiment was conducted to develop an efficient maize callus and regeneration system using immature anthers of fivemaize hybrids (Janahit, proline, super GA 105, yuvaraj and pioneer). The comparative studies reaveled that some/few ofthe maize hybrids were responsive to callus as well as plant regeneration from anthers. The culture medium modified N6was used and supplemented with TIBA, Kinetin and NAA in different concentration and combinations. However, callus aswell as regeneration frequencies were negligible or nill from anthers of all hybrids of maize under study. There may bestrong genotype dependence for studied hybrids to anther culture responsiveness.

KEYWORDS: Anther culture, Maize, N6 media, Haploid, TIBA


58

RESPONSE OF NITROGEN AND SULPHUR FERTILIZATION ONSESAME UNDER RAINFED CONDITION

Sirothia Pawan, Sharma Ashok, Choubey Priyanshu, Sullere ManishDepartment of Natural Resource Management, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya,

Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P)

ABSTRACTThe present investigation was conducted on sesame [Sesamum indicum (L.)]. sesame is one of the important edible oilseed cultivated in India. Its oil content generally varies from 46 to 52% and protein between 20-26%.The oil is used foredible purpose (73%), hydrogenization (8.3%) and industrial purpose (4.2%) in manufacture of paints, pharmaceuticals andinsecticides. During Kharif season of 2011 on the experiment field of Agriculture farm of Mahatma Gandhi ChitrakootGramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot , satna (M.P). to the assess of nitrogen (60 kg/ha) and sulphur (45kg/ha) levelson productivity, nutrient content and their uptake by sesame (Sesamum indicum). The application of different levels ofnitrogen and sulphur applied with recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium, increased almost all growth and yieldattributing characters significantly, however, the trend of increase was towards positive direction. It is revealed from thethe results that the maximum growth attributes characters (plant height and number of branches/plant) wasobserved with application of nitrogen 60 kg/ha (N3) and 30 kg/ha.The yield attributes viz. capsules per plant,seeds per capsule and 1000 seeds weight increased due to increasing levels of nitrogen and sulphur.applicationof 60 kg N/ha was found at par. On the other hand, sulphur application increased all the yield component ofsesame over control. Maximum number of capsules/plant, seeds/capsule and 1000 seeds weight was producedby 30 kg S/ha. the seed and stover yield is a cumulative effect of different growth and yield attributingcharacters. Significant increase in seed yield was recorded with incremental N and S levels. The linear increasein seed yield could be observed with the increasing levels of N and S. the maximum seed yield was recorded tobe 670.58 kgha-1 with 60 kg N ha-1 which was 40.11, 21.09 and 6.43 % higher seed yield over 0.30 and 45 kg Nha-1 levels, respectively.

KEYWORDS: Sesame, Nitrogen, Sulphur, yield, nutrient, uptake.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS GROWTH REGULATORS ON IN VITROMULTIPLICATION RATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT

MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCOL FOR ELITE SUGARCANE CULTIVARCOH – 119

Kajla Subhash, Poonia Anil K. and Yadav R. C.Centre for Plant Biotechnology, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004

Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, CCS HAU- Hisar-125004*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe investigation was done to develop an efficient protocol for mass propagation of sugarcane cultivar CoH-119 usingapical shoot tips as explants. The effect of different growth regulators like cytokinins (BAP and Kinetin (KIN)), auxins(NAA and IAA), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and amiopurines (spermidine (SPM) and putrescine (PUT)) either alone or incombinations was also observed on shoot proliferation and shootlet growth of CoH 119. Shoot tips were cultured on MSmedium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin) and auxins (NAA) alone and incombinations. Maximum bud regeneration was reported on MS medium fortified with 0.5mg/l BAP +0.5mg/l KIN.Maximum shoots were obtained on MS medium fortified with 0.2mg/l TDZ followed by 0.5mg/l BAP +0.5mg/l KIN+0.2mg/l NAA after 28 days of subculturing of initial sprouted buds. Aminopurines were least responsive in term of in vitromultiplication rate amongst the various growth regulators used in the present study. In vitro raised shoots showed 100%rooting on MS medium containing 5.0 mg/l NAA within seven days of inoculation on liquid medium. Maximum survival(90%) was obtained in Sand+ Soil + Vermicompost (1:1:1) after two week of transplantation in green house. Hardenedplantlets were successfully transferred in the field.

KEYWORDS: Cytokinins, Proliferation, Sugarcane, Growth Regulators.


59

IMPROVEMENT OF GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BRASSICAJUNCEA BY FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAD THROUGH

EXPLOITATION OF PLANT MICROBE PARTNERSHIP

Verma Chhaya, *Rajesh KumarDepartment of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,

(A Central University) VidyaVihar Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTIn present time application of chemical fertilizers has resulted not only in the reduction of soil health, but also cause somemajor problems related to environment, such as water and soil pollution. So, there is an urgent need to explore therhizospheric microflora in a more efficient way to improve their application as bio-fertilizer. PGPRs are widely used andappropriate choice to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and supplements with the enhancement of growthand yield of plant. In the present study, forty eight fluorescent pseudomonad strains were isolated from rhizosphere regionand screened for best plant growth promoting properties (PGP). Out of these isolates nine strains showed positive resultsand two best strains (H1S, A1) were selected to check their ability for enhancement of growth and productivity of Brassicajuncea. Both the strains and their consortia were good bio-inoculant and showed positive results by recording differentgrowth parameter including shoot/root growth, plant’s dry and wet weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid content etc. Basedon 16S rRNA sequencing the two potent strains H1S and A1 belong to the Pseudomonas genera. A1 strain was 99 % similarwith the Pseudomonas guariconensis and H1S strain showed 100 % similarity with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thesemicroorganisms favor the growth of plants through plant microbe interaction mechanisms. Hence, application of PGPRenhance crop productivity, can improve the socio-economic status of poor farmers and can be a best alternative of chemicalfertilizer for sustainable and environment friendly agriculture.

KEYWORDS: PGPR, Pseudomonas, Brassica juncea, Bio-fertilizer, Bio-inoculant, Sustainable development

PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON DIFFERENTIAL UPTAKE OF NITROGENAND ZINC BY WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETIES.

1* Pandey Samir Kumar, 2Surendra Ram and 3Gautam Abhay Deep1Subject Matter Specialist (Crop Production), 2Subject Matter Specialist (Soil Science), and 3Subject Matter Specialist (GPB), Krishi

Vigyan Kendra, Chandauli, N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, (U.P.)- 224 229*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTGrowth and yield response of three wheat varieties viz. HD-2967, NW-1012 and PBW-550 to the application of nitrogen at0, 80, 120 and 160 kg N/ha and zinc at 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg Zn/ha were studied in field experiments carried out during theyears 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 at the Instructional Farm of N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj,Faizabad (U.P.). The results indicated that application of nitrogen and zinc improved growth in terms of leaf number andsize in all three cultivars. Production of tillers was influenced by the application of nitrogen only. There was a continuousincrease in the yield of grain with increasing levels of nitrogen. However, the increase was not show conspicuous athigher levels of nitrogen. A significant increase in yield was also recorded with the application of zinc dressings. The yieldattributing characters were progressively increased with increasing levels of nitrogen and zinc in all the varieties exceptharvest index which were not influenced by the treatments. Growth and yield contributing characters had significantpositive correlations with grain yield but harvest index had negative correlation.

KEYWORDS: Wheat (Triticum eastivum) Varieties, Nitrogen, Zinc, Growth,Yield Aspects.


60

EVALUATING RICE GERMPLASM FOR IRON AND PHYTIC ACIDCONCENTRATION IN RICE SEED

*Arun Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Deepti, Poonam, Singh Akanksha, Adesh kumar and Singh K. N.Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj,

Faizabad (U.P) 224229.*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe lack of micronutrients such as Fe in staple food crops is a widespread nutrition and health problem in developingcountries. Phytic acid is primarily found in the outer layers of rice bran. It serves as the major phosphorus storagecompound in the seed, as well as being a natural antioxidant by its chelating properties and reduction of the catalyticactivities of many divalent transition metals (Verghese et al., 2006). Biofortification is one of the sustainable approaches,for improving the Fe and reduced the phytic acid concentration and their bioavailability in rice grain. Screening germplasmfor Fe and phytic acid content is the initial step of biofortification. We analyzed of six rice genotypes (Sarjoo-52, NDR-359, Madhukar, CSR-13, Sawarna Sub-1, Swarna) for iron and phytic acid concentration. Iron concentration rangemaximum iron content was recorded in the sarjoo-52 followed by CSR-13 and minimum iron content was noticed in theswarna. Minimum phytic acid content in seeds was noticed in the Sarjoo-52. Maximum phytic acid content in seeds wasrecorded in the Swarna. In case of soaking and germination minimum phytic acid content in seeds was noticed in theSarjoo-52 (5.61 g/kg). Maximum phytic acid content in seeds was recorded in the Swarna (9.12 g /kg). Significantcorrelation was obtained regarding phytic acid content after germination of seeds in various genotypes. Soaking in wateralso resulted in lower phytic levels. In principle, two factors could be responsible for the impact of soaking, i.e.endogenous phytase activity and diffusion of phytic acid into the soaking medium.

KEYWORDS: rice, micronutrients, , Phytic acid, Screening, germplasm.

GAUGING OF POLLUTION LEVEL IN GANGA AT VARANASI*Raghuvanshi Divya, Pandey Ruby, Singh Harendra, Tripathi Beenu, Sharma Pramod, Pandey Uma,

Aditi, Srivastava Vandana and Shukla D.N.Bhargava Agricultural Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002,

Uttar Pradesh, India*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe present study intends to assess the level of pollution in Ganga at Varanasi. The water samples were collectedseasonally, from three sites along Ganga for the analysis of physico-chemical parameters, viz: Raj Ghat, Assi Ghat andSamne Ghat. The physico-chemical parameter as temperature, pH , Electrical Conductivity (EC) , Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) , Total alkalinity (TA) , Total Hardness (TH) ,Chloride , Sulphate, Phosphate and nitrate. Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) were used to analyse the pollution level of riverGanga at selected sites. WQI of river Ganga at Varanasi was ranged from 41 to 47 which indicates BAD water quality ofGanga. On comparison of parameters with WHO and USPHS standards the water was found polluted and not suitable forhuman consumption. Thus, it was recommended to properly treat the water from Ganga at Varanasi before any type ofdomestic usage. Two-tailed Pearson’s Correlation analysis was also conducted to figure out the probable inter-relationshipbetween different pairs of physico-chemical parameters.

KEYWORDS: Ganga; Varanasi; Physico-Chemical Parameters; WQI; Correlation Analysis.


61

ROLE OF IPM IN VEGETABLE SEED PRODUCTION

* Brice Anjali & Verma S.C.Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,

Nauni - Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 173230*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTAvailability of high quality seed is of utmost importance for increasing vegetable production. Due to increasing pressureon land due to urbanization and industrialization, it is not feasible to increase the area under vegetables commensurate toour requirements hence the preciousness of high quality vegetable seeds becomes much more significant than it has everbeen to increase yield per unit area. One of the major constraints in production of quality seeds is the insect pests which areresponsible for substantial yield and quality loss. Therefore, to obtain higher seed yield and quality, the protection of cropfrom sowing till harvest is essential. Management tactics widely followed for these pests mostly comprise of chemicalpesticides. Indiscriminate use of insecticides has disrupted the delicate balance between the insect-pests and their naturalenemies besides environmental pollution. The concept of Integrated Pest Management is becoming a practicable andacceptable approach all over the world. This approach advocates an integration of all possible or at least some of theknown natural means of control (cultural control, physical control, biological control, mechanical control etc.) with orwithout insecticides. So, that pest population below the economic injury level is achieved. The implementation of IPM lieswith farmers, who adopt practices they view as practical and valuable to their activities. IPM requires competence in threeareas: prevention, monitoring and intervention. Ultimately these techniques of IPM, are a site-specific strategy formanaging pests in the most cost-effective, environmentally sound and socially acceptable way. With view of this theworldwide importance are given on IPM techniques and standard modules are developed for sustainable crop production

KEYWORDS: quality seed, major constraints, chemical pesticides.

AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS ON HUMAN AND PLANTS* Agarwal Sweta, Singh Jaspal and Neha

Environmental Science, Bareilly College , Bareilly, U.P. 243005*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTAir pollution is a wide-reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human populations is great. The affectsof environment pollution in the perspective of air pollution on human by diseases and problems, animals, trees/ plants.Pollution are not only seriously affecting the human by diseases and problems but also the animals and trees/ plants.Pollution is one of the serious Problems in the world. There are different types of pollution. Pollution affects onEnvironment Degradation, Human Health, Global Warming, Ozone Layer Depletion, and Infertile Land. Vehicles are oneof the main causes of air pollution. It is known fact that 60 % of air pollution in metro city is caused by automobiles only.Air pollutant are Vehicles releases Particular matter (PM), Hydrocarbons (HC), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbonmonoxide (CO), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Toxics, Green house gases into the air, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),ozone (O(3)), All these pollutants interfere with plant growth .Smog, dust, etc. reduce the amount of light reaching the leafand also by clogging the stomata may reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) intake to some extent and thus interfere withphotosynthesis. Air pollutants damage leaves in several forms like necrosis, Chlorosis, abscission, epinasty etc. The effectof these pollutants is observed on plants which are considers for investigation of effect of auto exhaust pollutants on roadside trees. Plants are one of the natural solutions to reduce air pollution. Plants in urban areas play an essential role tocleanse the pollution in human environment. Useful for the better understanding, controlling and management of airquality. It is also useful for selection of suitable plant species for plantation in highly polluted industrial areas, road sideareas to reduce the air pollution. The use of plants, as bio indicators is inexpensive and easy technique. The abstractdescribes the choice of eco–friendly plant species and their right placement in the urban environment to overcome thepollution problems.

KEYWORDS: environment pollution, human, diseases, eco–friendly.


62

ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY INRED ROT OF SUGARCANE FROM PILIBHIT DISTRICT OF UTTAR

PRADESH

Pandey Vikash and Shukla D. N.Bhargava Agricultural Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad,

Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. -211002

ABSTRACTSugarcane is an important cash crop and used as the chief source of sugar grown in tropical and subtropical regions inIndia. Sugarcane production is challenged by various biotic and abiotic stresses; among the biotic factors, red rot diseasecaused by Colletotrichum falcatum is a major disease leading to severe reduction in sugarcane production. Cultural andmorphological studies conducted in vitro in Oat Meal Agar (OMA) showed characteristic variation in their conidial andcolony characters which represented five isolates collected from various places of Uttar Pradesh. Thus present studysummarises the cultural and morphological variations and virulence characters of Colletotrichum falcatum.

KEYWORDS: Morphological, Variability, Red Rot, Colletotrichum Falcatum, Sugarcane.

MICROBIAL APPROACHES TO MITIGATE TOXIC CONTAMINANTSFROM SOIL BY NATURAL HYPERACCUMULATORS

1*Marwa Naina, 1Singh Namrata, 1Singh Nandita, 2Saxena Gauri1Plant Ecology and Environmental Sciences,CSIR- Nationational Botanical Research Institute,

Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India2Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, India


ABSTRACTRemediation of soil contaminated with potentially toxic metals and metalloids is of major global concern. Many knownorganic compounds as well as toxic heavy metals present in soil can enter inside the plant rhizosphere and cause problems.A major challenge is removal and reduction of heavy metal contamination. Of all the remediation techniques available formetal-contaminated soil, phytoremediation is the most cost-effective, environment friendly, and practical approach.Phytoremediation includes removal, relocation or reduction of contaminants using plants that hyperaccumulate thesecontaminants. Various aspects of phytoremediation are phytoextraction, phytodegradation, rhizosphere degragadation,rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization and phytorestoration. However, major focus is on phytoextractionwhich involves the removal of xenobiotics, especially heavy metals by roots of the plants with subsequent transport toaerial plant parts. Plants used for phytoextraction should be hyperaccumulators and should have the potential to developconsiderable biomass. Since most heavy metal hyperaccumulators are small plants with low biomass, efforts are beingmade to increase its efficiency. An alternate option for phytoremediation is the involvement of plant growth-promotingbacteria with natural hyperaccumulator plants like Pteris Vittata. Some microbes have been reported which have necessarygenetic components to confer resistance mechanism allowing them to neutralize or remediate high levels of contaminants.Their biological processes rely on biochemical changes induced by microbes to lower the level of growth-inhibiting stress.Involvement of these bacteria to plants might improve host plant growth and the amount of biomass that the plants are ableto attain, making phytoremediation in the presence of plant growth-promoting bacteria a much faster and more efficientprocess.

KEYWORDS: Heavy metals, Phytoremediation, Phytoextraction, Contaminants, Bacteria, Pteris Vittata


63

LAND USE PLANNING: DEVELOPING WASTELANDS MORE PRODUCTIVE

Prasad NarendraVerma, S. K., Singh L.B. and Singh K.M.Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shahjahanpur, U.P.


ABSTRACTPlanning and management of land resources are integral parts of any rural development programme as well as manydevelopment programmes with both rural and urban components. Land use does not consider agricultural uses only butalso encompasses natural areas, forests, watercourses and urban areas among others. Land-use planning has often hadnegative connections because it was traditionally associated with top-down procedures. In recent years, definitions havemoved towards using planning in a more advisory capacity, as a mechanism to support the decisions of the land user inattaining his or her objectives. Planning has also come to be viewed as one step in land resources management.Agroforestry is widely practised and has been for centuries in most of the countries. In major parts of the developingworld, it is the main form of land use and a major contributor to sustainability. Agroforestry to a great extent evolved inresponse to needs and to sustainability concerns related to resiliency and avoidance of negative side effects of agriculture.The need for careful research on agroforestry is most pronounced in relation to biophysically wasteland areas, wheresensitivity to misuse tends to be greater. Keeping these views in mind a survey was conducted in the year of 20013 and2014 in Bhawalkhera block district Shahjahanpur. To study the how much area of wasteland is left, which are not using forcultivation by the farmers. The survey was carried out in purposively selected 10 villages where more wasteland is there. Awell-structured interview schedule was prepared for the farmers and the information was collected from all respondent ofland holders and from each farmers’ face to face interview were taken i.e. individual farmer discussion was done. Manyconstraints were identified such as unavailability of suitable crop/varieties, lack of knowledge for advanced wastelandmanagement and implementation of proper government schemes. These constraints were realized for widespread adoptionof wasteland management such as agroforestry, horticultural and plantation crops in those areas. To overcome suchconstraints, suggested that the proper guidance and awareness of improved technology may be cleared field visit, practicalskill oriented training programs, group discussion and video programs on full package of practices for wastelandmanagement. Farmers were very much impressed with these advanced management practices. The farmers of the samevillages and nearby villages get motivated adopted agroforestry, horticultural plantation crops in their wasteland areas.

KEYWORDS: Planning, management, wasteland, sustainability, agroforestry, horticultural.

RHIZOFILTRATION: AN ECO FRIENDLY TREND FOR REHABILITATIONHEAVY METAL POLLUTED WATER BODIES

Chandra SameerDepartment of Plant Science, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P., 243005


ABSTRACTFresh water bodies are the major sources of our daily water use but due to upland urbanization and industrialization mostof them are facing serious problem for their existence due to the overloading of heavy metal in their system. Rhizofiltrationis plant based technology which can be used as green technology for remediation of heavy metals. Heavy metal becomesenvironmental crisis. Metals are natural component of environment but in excess cause toxicity to the surrounding.Phytoremediation is an promising technology for treating metal pollution. Rhizofiltration is a technique which employsplant’s roots to absorb and remove toxic metals from water or polluted effluents. Many plants reported as metal hyperaccumulate. The given investigation emphasis on Rhizofiltration techniques, mechanism of Rhizofiltration, consequence ofRhizofiltration for remediation of metal polluted water bodies

KEYWORDS: Rhizofiltration, Heavy metals, green technology.


64

BEHAVIOUR OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND QUALITY UNDER LOWAND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE STORAGE OF POTATO TUBERS

1Bandana, 2Singh Brajesh, 3Mehta Ashiv, 1Sharma Vineet and 1Manoj Kumar1Central Potato Research Institute Campus, Modipuram, Meerut- (U.P) India -250 110

2Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-(H.P) India- 171 0013Central Potato Research Station- (Pb.) India -144 002*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

AbstractTo investigate antioxidant defense system and stress induced changes antioxidant enzymes were studied in four potatocultivars: Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-3, Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Pukhraj kept at 4 and 12 degree Celcius (°C) (CIPC,Isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbmate) up to 180 days of storage. Ascorbate peroxidase peaked from harvest up to 60days of storage and then decreased successively. The content of glutathione (GR) increased initially upon storing tubers at60 days at both the temperatures and then declined gradually to almost initial levels at 120 days of storage. GR activity wasconsistently higher in processing cultivars Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-3, Kufri Jyoti than Kufri Pukhraj. Catalaseactivity increased up to 60 days and indicated decrease at 90 days. Further increase was noticed at 120 days of storage.However, values observed were more for tubers stored at low temperatures. Potatoes at elevated temperature wereregistered with decreased levels of catalase activity and the activity slowly returned to the level that was noticed duringinitial periods. Compared to 12°C malondialdehyde content increased at low temperature storage and continued to increasewith duration at low temperature up to end of storage. Dehydroascorbate levels decreased up to 30 days of storage andincreased mildly up to 90 days. The content decreased at 12°C at 120 days whereas opposite trend was observed at 4°Cwhere, content increased irrespective of all the varieties. Reducing sugars increased at 90 days of storage in all the varietiesfollowed by sudden decrease upon further sampling. Potato stored at low temperature generally had higher reducing sugarconcentration compared to storage at elevated temperature. It was observed that enzymes were more sensitive to low thanat elevated temperature and potato varieties responded differently.

KEYWORDS: Potato, Temperature, Cipc, Ascorbate Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase, Catalase, Malondialdehyde,Dehydroascorbate, Reducing Sugars.

RISK ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE AND FOODSECURITY

Singh Jaspal, Agrawal Anamika and Singh A.P.Department of Environmental Science, Bareilly College, Bareilly U.P. India 243005


ABSTRACTFood security is the ability to obtain and use sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food which is a fundamental humanneed. Climate change is very likely to affect global, regional, and local food security by disrupting food availability,decreasing access to food, and making food utilization more difficult. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels anddeforestation, have increased global greenhouse gas concentrations. The climate change will rise temperature, drought, andflood, desertification and weather extremes which is likely to affect agriculture and diminish continued progress on globalfood security through production disruptions leading to local availability limitations and price increases, interruptedtransport conduits, and diminished food safety, among other causes. Literatures indicate climate components liketemperature, precipitation, CO2 concentration and extreme climate events have an effect on food security components. Themost direct effect and well researched component of climate change on food security is food availability by reducing netcrop production. Various studies indicate that this problem will be more severe in the future than today unless climatechange mitigation and adaptation strategies are done. Therefore to reduce the problem, the region should use its potential toadopt climate change.

KEYWORDS: Climate change, food utilization, food utilization, food security.


65

AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS ON HUMAN AND PLANTS

Agarwal Sweta and Singh JaspalDepartment of Environmental Science, Bareilly College , Bareilly, U.P. India, 243005


ABSTRACTAir pollution is a wide-reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human populations is great. Pollution isnot only seriously affecting the human by diseases and problems but also the animals and trees/ plants. Pollution is one ofthe serious problems in the world. Vehicles are one of the main causes of air pollution. It is known fact that 60 % of airpollution in metro city is caused by automobiles only. Vehicles releases Particular matter (PM), Hydrocarbons (HC),Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Toxics, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) etc.All these pollutants interfere with plant growth. Smog, dust, etc. reduce the amount of light reaching the leaf and also byclogging the stomata may reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) intake to some extent and thus interfere with photosynthesis. Airpollutants damage leaves in several forms like necrosis, chlorosis, abscission, epinasty, etc. Plants are one of the naturalsolutions to reduce air pollution. Plants in urban areas play an essential role to cleanse the pollution in human environment.It is also useful for selection of suitable plant species for plantation in highly polluted industrial areas, road side areas toreduce the air pollution. The use of plants, as bio indicators is inexpensive and easy technique. The abstract describes thechoice of eco–friendly plant species and their right placement in the urban environment to overcome the pollutionproblems.

KEYWORDS: Pollution, eco–friendly, plant species, environment.

PHYSICO- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER ATMAHOBA CITY (U.P.)

Sonkar RaniDepartment of Zoology, Vipin bihari P.G. College, Jhansi

ABSTRACTThe availability and potability of drinking water is a great stress to entire world drinking water is the Basic need for thehuman life. It is important to all living being, analysis of physical chemical factors viz colours, odour, taste, turbidity, PH,total hardness, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen. Cl, floride, So4, ground water (tubewell water)were determined in summer season 2015. Sample taken from six stations in the entire city the safely of drinking water isimportant for the health. The result shows that the ground water from some sampling stations is with in permissible limitaccording to WHO and ISI standards

KEYWORDS- Physico- Chemical, Factors, Ground Water, Tubewells, ISI, WHO, Drinking water.


66

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF FOXTAIL MILLET(Setaria italica L.)

Kewat R. N., Yadav R. K., Yadav H.C., Verma Jai Prakash, Patel Chaudhary PrachiDepartment of Biochemistry, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture& Technology,

Kumargunj Faizabad - 224229(U.P.), India

ABSTRACTThe present investigation entitled “Biochemical studies on different genotypes of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.)” wascarried out in the laboratory of Department of Biochemistry, N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj,Faizabad during the year 2014-2015. The experiment was conducted during Kharif season- 2014 at the laboratory ofAgriculture Biochemistry Narendra Deva University of Agiculture & Technology, Kumarganj Faizabad (UP).CompletelyRandomized Design was adopted with three replications. Physical characteristics of foxtail germplasm revealed thathighest test weight Kakun-2 (4.05g), and husk kernel per cent Kakun-4 (79:21) were recorded in present investigation .TheColour of seed in all germplasm was found from light yellow and light brown. The various biochemical parameters such asprotein content Kakun-2 (13.00%), carbohydrate content Kakun-6 (75.00%), crude fibre content Kakun-6 (8.25%), Totalmineral content Kakun-2 (3.72%), tryptophan content Kakun-6 (38.73 mg/g protein), lysine content Kakun-2(26.64mg/100g) were also noticed in present investigation. Antinutritional factor such as Total phenol content Kakun-2(2.10%) and Phytic Acid content Kakun-2 (115.51mg/100g) were found reported minimum in the present germplasm .Sothe germplasm were utilized in the further research work.

KEYWORDS: Biochemical studies, Setaria italic, Antinutritional factor.

CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDERMOISTURE STRESS CONDITION

Munish Kumar, Piyush Kumar Kaushal Kumar and Singh AkanshaDepartment of Soil Conservation and Water Management, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-2


ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2015 -16 at Students’ Instructional Farm, C.S.AzadUniversity of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to assess the growth, yield attributes and yield performance of chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.) in different proportions of linseed under intercropping system, total water use and water useefficiency and profitable row ratio under moisture stress condition. The soils of the experimental area having a pH of7.81, EC-0.40, OC- 0.36 %, N-180.2, P-18.6 and K- 190.8. The crop were sown on November 27, 2015 and harvested onApril 04, 2016. The total rainfall received during crop period was 49 mm. There were 8 treatments under Intercroppingsystems viz., Chickpea sole, Linseed sole, Chickpea + Linseed (3 : 1), Chickpea + Linseed (4 : 1), Chickpea + Linseed(5 : 1), Chickpea + Linseed (4 : 2), Chickpea + Linseed (5 : 2), Chickpea + Linseed (6 : 2 ) and three cultural practicesviz., Farmer practice, Weedicide (Pre-emergence) and Dust mulch at 25 DAS. The result indicates that intercropping ofchickpea + linseed 5:1 found significantly superior followed by chickpea + linseed 4:2 and chickpea + linseed 5:2 ascompare to sole and other intercropping systems, however in case of cultural practices the maximum Chickpea EquivalentSeed Yield was found with weedicide followed by farmer practices and lowest was recorded in dust mulch.

KEYWORDS: Rabi seasons, growth, yield, chickpea, intercropping.


67

STUDIES ON IRRIGATION REQUIREMENT AND WEED MANAGEMENT OFJAPANESE MINT (Mentha arvensis) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEM

1Kaushal Kumar, 2Munish Kumar, 3Salman Khan and 2Tripathi V.K1Department of Soil Conservation and Water Management, 2Department of Horticulture

C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-2*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTA field experiment was conducted during the winter-summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Students’ Instructional FarmC.S.Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to study the effect of two planting techniques (flat bed andraised bed), three irrigation schedules (0.8 IW/CPE ratio, 1.1 IW/CPE ratio and 1.4 IW/CPE), and three interculturaloperation viz., one weeding and hoeing, two weeding and hoeing and pre-emergence application of Oxyfluorfen 0.20kg/ha on growth, productivity, soil moisture and economics of irrigated Japanese mint. The soil of the experimental areawas sandy loam having a pH of 7.3, EC-0.40, OC- 0.28 %, N-180.2, P-18.6 and K- 190.8 kgha-1. On the basis of pooledanalysis, raised bed planting attained maximum growth characters and gave significantly higher fresh herbage and oil yield(257.6 qha-1 and 352.91 kg ha-1). Raised bed has higher value in water use efficiency (4.41 and 5.30 kg/ha/mm), waterexpense efficiency (4.92 and 6.03 kg/ha/mm), water productivity (0.49 and 0.62 kg/m3) water storage efficiency (193.11and 198.72 per cent) and also earned maximum net return. Irrigation schedules at 1.4 IW/CPE ratio recorded highestgrowth characters and gave significantly higher fresh weight. Irrigation schedules 1.4 IW/CPE ratio also gave maximumvalues of consumptive water use and average daily water use rate, net return and benefit cost ratio were found maximum.The pre-emergence application of Oxyfluorfen 0.20 kg/ha gave highest and significant effect on growth characters andyield attributes followed by two weeding and hoeing over one weeding and hoeing. Raised bed planting saved 23.3% and39.8% irrigation water over flat planting during 2015and 2016, respectively.

KEYWORDS: planting techniques, Japanese mint, sandy loam, irrigation water.

SCREENING OF PSEUDOMONAS SPP. ISOLATED FROM RHIZOSPHERE OFPEA PLANT AS PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER AND BIOCONTROL AGENT

1Nigam Rashmi, 2Sharma A.K. and 2Singh Joginder1Department of Plant Pathology, Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat (U.P.)

2Department of Horiculture, Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat (U.P.)

ABSTRACTPlant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are found in the rhizosphere andrhizoplane which can improve plant growth. Pseudomonas spp. is one of the most promising groups of PGPR which cancontrol plant pathogenic microbes in the soil. In this study, an attempt was made to isolate Pseudomonas spp., a potentPGPR in the rhizosphere. Through appropriate microbiological and biochemical methods, the study demonstrated thepresence of fluorescent and nonfluorescent Pseudomonads in the rhizosphere of pea. 12 different strains of Pseudomonaswere isolated from pea rhizosphere and identified by biochemical tests. Out of these strains five were screened against wiltand root rot pathogens of pea. Antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas isolates were evaluated against wilt and root rotspathogens i.e. Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum through dual culture technique. The studyexhibited that all Pseudomonas strains significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani andPythium ultimum as compared to control. Among all the Pseudomonas isolates Ps5 showed maximum inhibition againstFusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. Augmentation of such PGPR will ensure a healthy microclimate for pea.

KEY WORDS: Biochemical characterization, PGPR, Biocontrol, Pseudomonas, Root rot, Wilt, Pea.

Session – III

RECENT TRENDS INHUMAN & ANIMAL

HEALTHMANAGEMENT


68

BIOTECH AND GENETIC TOOLS IN CONTEXT TO HUMAN & ANIMALHEALTH MANAGEMENT SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ETHIOPIA: A REVIEW

1Gangwar, S.K. & 2Verma Sanjeev1College of Medical and health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

2Institute of Management Sciences, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India*Corresponding author’s E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTBiotech and genetic tools contribute to improve crop productivity and quality in modern research of any country. Like genetransfer, recombinant proteins, genetically modified microorganisms, transgenic plants and transgenic animals forcommercial application. Genetic tools, thus ultimately influences the growth of biotech industry. Recombinant proteinsproduction and uses, uses of transgenic plants, transgenic animals, applications in medicines, applications in Industries,applications in Agriculture and for humans and environment. Genes and other genetic information from a wide range oforganisms are transformed into bacteria for storage and modification of genetically modified bacteria in the process.Genetically modified crops or genetically modified organisms, such as genetically modified fish, commercially, is toprovide protection from environmental threats, such as cold (in the case of Ice-minus bacteria), or pathogens, such asinsects or viruses, and/or resistance to herbicides. GMO to produce materials that it does not normally make. One exampleis "pharming", which uses crops as bioreactors to produce vaccines, drug intermediates. Ethiopian government has madesignificant investment in modern biotechnology capacity building in the last decade. There has also been specific interestby cotton sector to boost its productivity by adopting insect resistance (Bt) technologies. However, the GE regulatorysystem based on the existing biosafety law is so stringent that it is not possible for the country to access useful technologiesfrom abroad as well as initiate domestic GE research. Consequently, no GE experiment is approved so far, leaving thecountry at risk of missing out on the global GE revolution. To catch up the benefits of GE technologies, the country needsto create conducive regulatory environment, strengthen domestic GE capacity and devise a farsighted strategy.

KEYWORDS: Crop Productivity, Transgenic Plants, Animals, Genetic Information, Vaccines.

BENEFITS OF MEDITATION AND YOGA IN CLINICALLY DEPRESSEDPATIENTS

Tolahunase Madhuri, *Sagar R., Dada R.Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of depression appears to have increased over the past three decades. There are factors about modernlifestyle that are contributing to this rise. There is now compelling evidence that a range of lifestyle factors are involved inthe pathogenesis of depression. Many of these factors can potentially be modified, yet they receive little consideration inthe contemporary treatment of depression, where medication and psychological intervention remain the first linetreatments. Yoga is the well-known modifier of lifestyle, but not yet fully explored and adopted in the management ofdepression. It constitutes a major element of upcoming “Lifestyle Medicine”, which provides a nexus between publichealth promotion and clinical treatments, involving the application of environmental, behavioral, and psychologicalprinciples to enhance physical and mental wellbeing. Largescale adoption of yoga as a lifestyle may also provideopportunities for general health promotion and potential prevention of depression. In this chapter we provide a narrativediscussion of causes, principles of management and details of yoga as they relate to depression.

KEY WORDS: irrigation water, modern lifestyle, public health, yoga.

Recent Trends in Human & Animal Health Management

69

SECONDARY INCOME FROM NON-EDIBLE PARTS OF FISH TRADE

Mishra AbhaDepartment of Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025,


ABSTRACTIndia is a large populated country. This has huge area including land and aquatic both. Our country’s increasing populationdemands more food to eat and employment sources too. Fish is emerging as a big support to get solution for both thesechallenges. By culturing edible fish (blue revolution) we have alternate food source with agriculture. Fish trade generates ahigh level of employment too. A large number of people both from urban and rural linked with fish trade to make it moreprofitable. In general local or small scale fish trade is a whole family business. This includes fish catching, sorting,transportation, processing, selling and better management of the remaining stock. It takes the input of all family members,elder, men, women and children. In North India, men of the family are on the money controlling position and other in itsmanagement and maintenance. In fish trade too mainly male member of family regulate money as he is seller of fish.Though female member of family help in fish trade huge in the form of its management and maintenance but not incondition to regulate money. In single male earning family power imbalance increased. Women empowerment not onlyregulates male dominance in family but also help in eradicating poverty. The fish is not only the food substitute but it givesother by-products too viz. fish oil, fertilizer, flour etc. In edible-fish trading, during processing, non-edible parts of fishremain unused as waste material of the fish market. This waste of fish market may help in increasing their income. Fishculturist especially women can generate additional income by their non-edible parts like bone, scale and skin. This can beused in handicrafts known as fish craft by bone and scales. Even fish skin having its own texture can be used in makingbeautiful crafts. Women empowerment with fish crafts can be achieve by wide advertisement and awareness among thefish culturist.

KEYWORDS: Edible Fish, Employment, Management, Maintenance, As Fish Craft.

MIGRAINE AND HOMOEOPATHY– A CASE STUDY

Mahajan SrishtiBHMS, NHMC, Delhi University

*Corresponding author E mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTHomoeopathic medical science is less than two century old system of medicine. Despite this short span, the symptombased science has grown and developed remarkably, taking the patient as a whole entity. It manages to treat cases andillnesses that are otherwise very difficult to even manage and palliation of which seems to be the only resort. Migraine isone such illness.A 47 year old female reported in Dec 2015 with a history of sever migraine that reoccurred every second to third day forthe past five years with sleeplessness. A detail taking was done and medicine selected on the bases of symptom totalityfrom the vast group of homoeopathic medicines. On prescription of ‘Lachesis 200’ and ‘Sanguinaria 30’ in appropriatedoses lead to remarkable improvement in patient and after three months of medication her health was restored and noreoccurrence has taken place ever since. Taking the patient as whole entity and not as a unity separate from the disease andtreating the patient symptomatically leads to complete cure even in the most difficult and chronic cases. The details of thecase will be discussed.

KEYWORDS: Homoeopathic, medicine, illnesses, chronic cases.


70

DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEOCAPSID (N) PROTEIN MEDIATEDRESISTANCE IN WATERMELON AGAINST WATERMELON BUD

NECROSIS VIRUS1,2Holkar S. K., Mandal Bikash and *Jain R. K.

Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute,New Delhi-110012, India.

1 Present Address: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow-226002, India2 Presenting Author Email: [email protected]


ABSTRACTWatermelon bud necrosis (WBNV) is one of the most emerging and serious pathogens of watermelon in India. WBNVcontinues to cause severe yield losses of up to 100% in various cucurbitaceous hosts in India. In the present study,diagnosis of the BND and identification of the resistance source to this disease was achieved. For diagnosis, Immuno-,Bio- and nucleo- assays were optimized. The suspected BND affected watermelon, samples reacted positively in DAC-ELISA. BND affected watermelon leaf tissues used for sap inoculation to watermelon and N. benthamiana seedlings andboth localized and systemic symptoms were observed. Presence of the virus in these inoculated plants was confirmed byDAC-ELISA and duplex RT-PCR followed by sequencing. The amplified products of WBNV 760 bp was obtained fromthe N. benthamiana plants inoculated with the extracted sap from watermelon samples in duplex RT-PCR. Evaluation of45 watermelon genotypes against WBNV under glass house and BND under field conditions was studied. In order tooptimize the WBNV sap inoculation protocol, effect of different inoculation methods along with a buffer with suitableadditives and abrasives on virus transmission was studied and validated in different watermelon genotypes. Maximumvirus titre was obtained when 15-20 days old inoculated seedlings harvested at 15-25 days post inoculation (A 405 nm:2.11-2.50). 15-25 days old seedlings were most appropriate for mechanical inoculation of WBNV in watermelon to get100% transmission. For validation of optimized sap inoculation protocol for WBNV, 17 watermelon genotypes were usedunder glass house conditions and the percent transmission ranged from 80-100%. Citrulluscolosynthis, was identified asHR (highly resistant) source under field and glass house evaluations. To develop putative transgenic watermelon againstWBNV, marker free N gene constructs (full and partial of 828 and 426 bp respectively) were developed and validatedthrough agro-infiltration. The N gene constructs confirmed the systemic resistance against WBNV in watermelon.

KEYWORDS: WBNV, Watermelon, Genotypes.

HPLC TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF ASSAY OF QUETIAPINEIN QUETIAPINE FUMERATE TABLETS

Singh RajaniChemistry Department, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur-222002, U.P. India


ABSTRACTQuetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute mania and acute bipolar depression.Hence with the aim of reducing analysis time, and maintaining good efficiency, a simple, rapid and precise method isdeveloped and validated on HPLC for the assay of quetiapine in quetiapinefumerate tablets. The chromatographicseparation was performed on inertsil phenyl m (150×4.6) mm, using mobile phase buffer pH 5.0 and diluents 0.001HCl, acetonitrile in ratio of 70:30. The column oven temperature was 40ºC. The analysis was carried out at UV: 230 nmwavelength. The flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and injection volume was 10 L. The run time was 12 min within whichquetiapine eluted at 6.79min. Impurities are separated from main peak, resolution was achieved to 1.70 and both theimpurities are eluting at same retention time but separated from main peak. The selected chromatographic condition isvalidated to check the suitability of analysis. The data obtained in these cases, indicate that the method has an acceptablelevel of accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, robustness, precision, linearity, range, stability of analytical solution andsystem suitability. Hence it is concluded that the method can be used for routine quality control analysis and stabilitystudy.

KEYWORDS: Quetiapine, schizophrenia, chromatographic condition,


71

UNDERSTANDING OF NEURO-ENDOCRINOLOGY INVOLVED INFEMALE FARM ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND ITS USE TO AUGMENT

FERTILITY1Phogat J. B., 2Ghuman S. P. S. and 1Pandey A. K.

1Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, LalaLajpatRai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar.2Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, GADVASU, Ludhiana

ABSTRACTThe control of female mammalian reproduction is governed by the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian endocrine axis. Pulsatilepattern of gonadorophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by hypothalamus, stimulates the secretion of luteinizinghormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from anterior pituitary gland. These two gonadotrophins, in turn,are responsible for ovarian follicular growth, steroidogenesis and ovulation. Any factor i.e. environmental, physiological,managemental or physical altering the normal pattern of any of these reproductive hormones compromise fertility. Earlier,hypothalamic GnRH used to be considered as key determinant of reproductive function, however, now it has been wellestablished that different neurotransmitters and neuropeptides secreted in higher brain centres control the activity ofhypothalamic pulse generator. However, in farm animals, complete knowledge of neuroendocrinological events controllingreproduction and its clinical applications to augment fertility is far from clear understanding. For the successfulestablishment of pregnancy, various hormonal interventions acting at the level of pituitary or gonads have been tried forthe fertility enhancement of dairy farm animals namely induction and synchronization of ovulation in anestrous animals,increasing pre-ovulatory follicle diameter, improvement in post-breeding luteal sufficiency and antiluteolytic strategies toestablish pregnancy in repeat breeder animals. Besides all these efforts, the success rate in problematic animals followingapplication of these protocols is up to 50-60% only. Thus, the scientists aiming at the hypothalamus, the black box tounravel the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling reproduction and attempting interventions targeting central level toaugment the reproductive efficiency of farm animals is described with latest knowledge.

KEYWORDS: hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian endocrine, fertility enhancement.

HOMOEOPATHY –AN OPTION FOR ERADICATION OF LEPROSY

D Chakraborty, J Sengupta and T ChakrabortyInstitute of Health Studies & Rehabilitation, Durgapur 713204, West Bengal, India

(SOCIETY FOR WELFARE OF THE HANDICAPPED PERSONS)


ABSTRACTLeprosy is a oldest, chronic infectious, stigmatizing and potentially disabling disease caused by Mycobacterium Leprae.This endemic disease is a leading cause of permanent disability among all communicable diseases and still continues to beof major concern in developing countries, not only because of the number of people affected by it and their potential forcommunicating the disease to others, but also because of the occurrence of deformities in a significant proportion ofpatients. Despite the introduction of a global treatment programme in 1980s substantial number of new cases are diagnosedannually mainly in India and Brazil but also other countries. WHO recommends multidrug therapy (MDT) haspotentiality to kill the pathogen very effectively within a short period and this is the basis ‘Leprosy is curable’. But aftercompletion of MDT, clinically most of the patients do not feel cured because of the existence of the lesions for a long time.The patients even after released from treatment (RFT) suffer from neuropathy, loss of pigmentation, plantar ulcer and othersecondary complications for rest of their life. Unfortunately, leprosy affected people remain at risk because of neuropathyresulting from reactions during and even after successful multi drug treatment. So the term ‘Cure’ is misleading thoughhas been used for the interest of elimination campaign. Different clinical researches in Homoeopathic medicine under EMRproject ,funded by Ministry of AYUSH .Govt. of India, recorded a remarkable success in the treatment of planter ulcer andnerve impairment in leprosy affected persons(RFT). A pilot study in the state of Chhattisgarh, funded by NRHM, recorded– regain of sensation was 87.5% and healing of ulcer was 69% of the patients. Histo -pathological study demonstrated thatHomoeopathy medicine has got potentiality to reverse the degenerative changes of nerve cells which is the root cause ofassociated disabilities.Conclusions-Different clinical trials revealed that the homoeopathic medicine was found advantageous in regaining of lossof sensation of lesional area with regeneration of nerve fibres and up gradation of host immunity than MDT in leprosypatients.

KEYWORDS-Homoeopathy, Regain of Sensations, Regeneration of Nerve.


72

CURRENT STATUS OF TELOSCHISTACEAN LICHEN TAXA ININDIA

*Mishra Gaurav K., Upreti D. K. & Nayaka S.Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute


ABSTRACTThe lichen family Teloschistaceae, characterized by the presence of secondary product parietin (which imparts yellowish-orange colour to the thallus/apothecial disc), polarilocular spores and Teloschistes-type ascus. The characters in the sporeshave always been important in the recognition of the species, especially in the genus Caloplaca. The segregation of speciesbelonging to the family Teloschistaceae. A total of 83 species of lichens belonging to 6 genera to Teloschistaceae wererecorded from India, comprising 4.15% of the total Indian lichen flora. The Indian Teloschistacean taxa can be groupedinto 66 fertile and 17 isidiate, sorediate and blastidiate taxa. Among different Teloschistacean lichen genera the genusCaloplaca is the largest genera represented by 72 species followed by Oxneria, Rusavskia and Xanthoria with 3 species ofeach genus. Whereas the lichen genera Ioplaca and Teloschistes represented only be a single species from each genusrespectively.Indian Teloschistacean taxa reveals 18 endemic species, Caloplaca ahmadiana Poelt & Hinteregger, C. abuensis Y. Joshi& Upreti, C. amarkantakana Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. awasthii Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. himalayana Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. jatoliiY. Joshi & Upreti, C. kashmirensis Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. orissensis (Räsänen) D.D. Awasthi, C. poliotera (Nyl.) Stein, C.pseudisterii Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. pseudopoliotera Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. subbassiae Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. subdemissa Y.Joshi & Upreti, C. subpoliotera Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. subleptozona Y. Joshi & Upreti, C. suboahusensis Y. Joshi & Upreti,C. tropica Y. Joshi & Upreti and Ioplaca pindarensis (Räsänen) Poelt & Hinter..This study plays a vital role in discovering the new species of Teloschistaceae lichens. The data of species and genericdiversity of the South Asian representatives of the Teloschistaceae will be used in preparation of future biodiversityinventory of the region, as well as in future environment condition studies.

KEYWORDS: Teloschistaceae Lichen, Taxonomy, Diversity, Distribution.

MICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF MILK SAMPLE FROM LUCKNOWREGION

1Singh Amit Kumar and 2Shankar Uma1Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology/Life Sciences, Singhania University, Rajasthan

2Biotech Park, Sec-G, Jankipuram , Kursi Road, Lucknow*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe milk is nutritious food for human being, also serves as a good medium for the growth of many microorganisms,especially E. aerogenes specious, Bacterial contamination of raw milk can originated from different sources such as air,milking equipment, feed, soil, faeces and grass. The number and type of microorganism in milk immediately often aftermilking are affected by different factors such as animals and equipment cleanless, season feed, animal health. Variousother processes including pasteurization, boiling or storage under refrigerated conditions are undertaken to minimize themicrobial contamination of milk. Milk samples of pasteurized, ultra heat treated (UHT) as well as unpasteurized milk(Vendor's milk) was collected. The effect of different storage practices and treatments on the microbiological profile(standard plate count (SPC), coliform, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and moulds, anaerobicspore count, and Listeria monocytogenes) of milk was studied using National/ International Standard Test Methods. Theaverage SPC in vendor's milk was found very high as compared to pasteurized milk. Coliform, yeast and moulds, E. coli,and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in the samples of vendor's as well as pasteurized milk. Boiling the milk reducesSPC and kills the other microorganisms. Storage of boiled milk under room temperature or refrigerated condition resultedin a similar increase in SPC at the end of 24 hrs, but storage of un-boiled milk even under refrigerated conditions increasedSPC manifold after 24 hrs.The pasteurization process and hygienic conditions at the milk processing units along with cold chain of milk fromsuppliers to end users needs improvement. Currently, even pasteurized milk does not match the microbiological standards.It is recommended that milk should be boiled before consumption and refrigerated for storage to improve its shelflife/keeping quality.

KEYWORDS: Microbiological Profile, Vendor's Milk, Milk Storage, Pasteurized Milk.


73

EFFECT OF CRYOPRESERVED SPERM ON BREEDING OFCOMMON CARP AND IT’S STRAINAMUR CARP DURING MONSOON

AND POST MONSOON SEASON1*Sharma Adita, 1RAM R. N. and 2Prasad Shiv

1Dept. of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, G. B. Pant University of Agri. & Tech., Pantnagar – 2631452Dept. of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,

Pantnagar – 263145*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted for comparison of cryofreezed sperm and corresponding embryonic development,viability and fertilizing capacity in fish Common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) and its strain Amur carp(Cyprinuscarpiohaematopterus) during monsoon and post monsoon season under Tarai conditions of Uttarakhand. Thepresent observation reveals that there is difference in embryonic development in both the seasons for different proportionof extender and cryoprotectant solution. In case of Amur carp, the combination of TRIS+DMSO+Glucose showed normalembryonic development where as comparatively better result was observed in RPMI+DMSO and late embryonicdevelopment was in PBS+DMSO treatment group in monsoon season as well as in post monsoon season. In case ofcommon carp in monsoon season, better embryonic development was shown in PBS+DMSO followed byTRIS+DMSO+Glucose and by RPMI+DMSO respectively. In post monsoon seasons, TRIS+DMSO+Glucose gave betterresult while comparison to other groups in common carp. The result also reveals that sperm of Amur carp diluted withRPMI+DMSO have better post thaw motility, fertilization and hatching rate in both monsoon and post monsoon season.Sperm of Common carp diluted with PBS+DMSO showed better result in monsoon season and TRIS+DMSO+Glucoseshowed better result in post monsoon season. The comparison between embryonic development of Common carp withAmur carp showed significant difference being better in Amur carp by reference of motility, fertility and hatchingpercentage in comparison of common carp which might be due to the fact that reproductive capacity of Amur carp ishigher than that of common carp

KEY WORDS: Common Carp, Amur Carp, Normal and Late Breeding Season

EFFECT OF STARVATION ON THE HAEMOPOIETIC ORGANSOF FISH GARRA GOTYLA GOTYLA.

1Sharma Jyoti and 2Ravinder Kumar1Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, J&K, India, 180006

2Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund, S.K.U.A.S.T-Kashmir*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTPresently an attempt has been made to evaluate the various histopathological alterations in haemopoietic organs viz. liver,head kidney and spleen of Garragotylagotyla following an exposure to starvation for an experimental duration of 9 weeks.The conspicuous changes observed in liver were necrosis, distension of sinusoids, vacuolation and degeneration of cellulararchitecture of liver tissue. The spleen exhibited various abnormalities such as appearance of haemosiderin pigment,necrosis, vacuolation and degeneration of spleenic tissue while tubular vacuolation, necrosis, degeneration of haemopoietictissue and loss of integrity of renal tissue were the degenerative changes observed in the head kidney.

KEYWORDS: Starvation, Garragotylagotyla, Haemopoietic Organs.


74

ASSESSMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF PESTICIDEUSING ALLIUM CEPA L.

Verma Sonam And Srivastava AlkaIn VitroCulture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow -226007, (U.P.) India


ABSTRACTIndiscriminate and widespread usage of pesticides from last few decades has increased very rapidly all over the world.India, one of the world’s largest agricultural economies, is not an exception to it. Here farmers use wide range of chemicalpesticides to control various diseases/pests of crops, in which insecticides account for 73 %, herbicides 14 %, fungicides 11% and 2 % others. This has resulted in risk of health hazards to consumers of these crops. There have been many studies,across the globe and in India as well, that have reported that the use of pesticides caused health hazards. The presentinvestigation was done to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of pesticide pendimethalin by Allium cepa root tipbioassay. This bioassay is fast, sensitive and inexpensive; used as a classical test for studying chemical toxicity. A.cepahave relatively large monocentric chromosomes in reduced numbers and are accepted as suitable test organisms forthe study of environmental pollutants. A pot experiment was set up, in which pendimethalin was added to soil at the rate of0, 0.033, 0.044, 0.055 and 0.066 g kg-1. Average root number and average root length of onion bulbs, grown in these potswere measured and then roots were harvested on day 3 of sowing and fixed for cytological analysis 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45days after treatment. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of pesticide were investigated by macroscopic (morphologicalparameters of roots) and microscopic (mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities) analysis. The results will bediscussed.

KEYWORDS: Pesticides, Health Hazards, Chemical Toxicity, Cytological Analysis.

FLAVONOIDS FROM WHOLE PLANT OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA ANDTHEIR EVALUATION AGAINST EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN RATS1Gupta Shyam Sundar, 1Azmi Lubna, 1Shukla Ila, 2Mohapatra P. K. and 1*Rao Ch. V.

1Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute,Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

2Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753 003, Orissa, India*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTBackground:Euphorbiahirta possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, galactogenic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant,hypoglycaemic, antiasthmatic, antiamoebic, antifungal and antimalarial activities. The overall objective of the currentstudy was the investigation of the whole plant extract of Euphorbia hirta and flavonoids from Euphorbiahirtaongastroesophageal reflux disease in rats. The whole plant extract of Euphorbia hirta was characterized by analysis offlavonoids (HPLC, UV, IR, MS, and 1HNMR). GERD model was induced surgically in Wistar rats and were examined forGERD. The whole plant extract of Euphorbia hirta in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered orally twice dailyat 10:00 and 16:00 h, respectively, for 5 days and kaempferol (100 mg/kg) or omeprazole (OMZ) in the dose of 30 mg/kgone hour prior to the induction of GERD. Control groups received suspension of 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) indistilled water (10 ml/kg). The levels of gastric wall mucus increased and of plasma histamine and H+-K+-ATPasesignificantly decreased in groups treated by both the plant extract and flavonoids. Both the plant extract and flavonoidsreduced the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and increased the levels of catalase and reduced glutathione. Thewhole plant extract of Euphorbia hirta is attributed to its antisecretory, gastroprotective and antioxidant potential as that ofquercetin, rutin,kaempferol and proton pump blocker (omeprazole) to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease.

KEYWORDS:Antisecretory, Euphorbia hirta, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Kaempferol,Quercetin, Rutin.


75

COMPUTER-AIDED APPROACH TO STUDY THE ANTI-TUMOURPOTENTIALS OF SEAWEED AGAINST CANINE BREAST CANCER

Sujatha P L*, Preetha S P, Balachandran C, Kumarasamy P, Venkateswaran K V and Devaraj H*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTAmong all the type of cancer, the incidence of breast cancer in canines has been increasing despite the fact that the effortsto prevent the disease has been improving. The traditional chemotherapy has been shown to be effective though it exhibitsome serious adverse effects as the targets of the chemotherapeutic agents are nonspecific in most cases. Hence thechemotherapeutic agents affect the normal cells leading to the adverse effects. However researchers have been working forthe past two decades to find the alternative treatment to the cancer with lesser adverse effect. Natural products or thebioactive compounds from natural sources have been proved to be less toxic. Fucoidan is one such natural polysaccharideof sulphatedfucose residues from seaweed. Fucoidan have been used in cancer treatment in many countries. In this studywe analyse the ability of fucoidan to treat breast cancer using in silico approaches.

KEYWODS: Breast Cancer – Anti-Cancer Effect -Sea Weed - In-Silico Study

SEASONAL AND DIEL VARIATIONS IN PHYSICO-CHEMICALPARAMETERS OF WATER IN RELATION TO FISHERIES OF RIVER

NARMADA FROM LAMETAGHAT TO BHEDAGHAT (MADHYAPRADESH)

1Saini Deepika, 1DubeyK. K. ,2ShrivastavaShashi Bala and 3PandeyA. K.1 Govt. M.H. College of Home Science and Science for Women, Jabalpur - 482 002, India

2Department of Zoology, Govt. Model Science College (Autonomous), Jabalpur - 482 001, India3National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CanalRing Road, Lucknow - 226 002, India


ABSTRACTThe assessment of water quality of any aquatic resource is based on physico-chemical and biological methods, the formergive information about the type of substance/pollutant and its concentration, the latter indicate their general effect. Anattempt has been made to record the seasonal and diel variations in physico-chemical parameters of water and its impact onfisheries of river Narmada from Lamhetaghat to Bhedaghat near Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh). Physico-chemical parameterslike colour, odour, turbidity, temperature, pH, specific conductivity, total solids, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygendemand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, phosphateand sulphate contents and water quality index (WQI) were studied for two successive years (October 2010-September2012). Samplings for seasonal variations were carried out once in a month and all the five sites were visited on differentdates between 8.00-10.00 am while diel variations were studied on different dates from 5.00 pm-1.00 am at regular intervalof 4 hours (24 hours). The WQI ranged between 80.14-95.47 at all the sites, the maximum value (95.47) was recordedduring winter season (October 2011-January 2012) at S-3 and the minimum value of 80.14 was found during rainy season(June 2012-September 2012) at S-1. Seasonal as well as site-wise variations of WQI values are due to alterations inphysico-chemical characteristics of river water. From the present observation, it can be concluded that the overall waterquality of river Narmada at the selected sites is poor. In the present study, 18 species of commercially important fisheswere recorded from the different sites of the river.

KEYWORDS: physico-chemical, parameters, 18 species, river.


76

BUSTLE OF BIO- FLAVONOIDS ON GASTRIC ULCER: WHAT’S NEW?1, 2 *Azmi Lubna, 1Shukla Ila, 1Gupta ShyamSundar, 1Pal Lalchand, 2Kant Padamand Rao Ch. V.1 Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001,

Uttar Pradesh, India2 Departments of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACTEvery year gastric ulcer affects nearly 4 million people worldwide, very commonly in developing countries. It is a group ofdisorders that affect the gastric and duodenal mucosa, damage parietal cells, may extend into the muscular layer of themucosa and can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis is associated with an imbalance betweenprotective factors secreted by the gastric mucosa (mucous secretion, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, bicarbonate and otherpeptides) Natural products have played an important role in the process of development and discovery of new drugs, due totheir wide structural diversity and present, mostly specific and selective biological activities. Research using medicinalplants has proven to be a promising source of novel compounds in the search of new compounds with clinical andtherapeutic potential that can be used in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Among natural products the bio-flavonoids,biologically active secondary metabolites that can be found in plants stand out. Bioflavonoid, also sometimes referred to as“vitamin P,” is super-antioxidants found in many natural foods. Scientists have found that bioflavonoid have specificcapabilities to increase bodily health in many different ways. This review will describe some alkaloids with antiulceractivity in in-vivo and in vitro studies.

KEYWORDS: Bioflavonoid,Gastro-Protective, Gastric Ulcer, Natural Products; Review.

IMPACT OF FOLIAR SPRAY OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM ONECONOMIC TRAITS OF (BombyxmoriL.) DURING SUMMER IN

KASHMIR

Rani Sheetal, Sheikh Noor-Ul-Din, Sharma R.Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir


ABSTRACTThe present Investigation on “Impact of foliar spray of calcium and magnesium on economic traits of Bombyxmori L.during summer in Kashmir” was carried out at Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund which is located at 3417N latitude and 7517 E longitude at an elevation of 1587m above mean sea level. Calcium chloride and magnesium sulphatewere used as foliar spray for supplementing calcium and magnesium. The experiment consisted of separate and combinedfoliar application of calcium and magnesium and one control. Goshoerami variety was taken as mulberry variety.Experiment was laid in CRD with three replications. Foliar Spray was done twice, first one month after June pruning andsecond 15 days after first spray. Calcium as well as magnesium was sprayed in 2 concentrations viz, 0.2% and 0.4%. Thecombined spray of calcium and magnesium was done at 4 concentrations viz, 0.2%Ca+0.2%Mg, 0.2%Ca+0.4%Mg,0.4%Ca+0.2%Mg and 0.4%Ca+0.4%Mg. All treatments exhibited improvement in almost all parameters over control.Combined spray of 0.4%calcium and 0.2%magnesium (T8) resulted in significant increase in fresh weight of 100 leaves,leaf yield, pupation rate ,shell weight and denier recording maximum values of 477.77g, 3.267kg, 98%, 0.45g and 3.25 forthese parameters respectively. Increased in these parameters over control was recorded to the extent of 51.41, 55, 15.54,28.59, and 51percent respectively. Reduction in defective cocoon percentage was recorded to the extent of 86.88%,through combined spray of 0.4% Ca and 0.2%Mg.The study revealed that combined spray of calcium and magnesium(0.4%Ca+0.2%Mg) had significant influence on imperative rearing parameters during summer rearing, thus paving way forpopularization of second commercial rearing through combined spray of calcium and magnesium as foliar spray.

KEYWORDS: foliar spray, nutrients, rearing, silkworm, Mulberry, silk.


77

COPPER TOXICITY TO DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OFGIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII

(DE MAN)1Zaidi S. G. S., 2Kulkarni B. G. and 3Pandey A. K.

1ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital- , India2Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, 15 Madam Cama Road, Mumbai - 400 032, India

3National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Lucknow - 226 002, India*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTCopper is an essential metal with a recognized biological role but like other heavy metals, it is potentially toxic at highconcentrations. The application of safe level of copper concentrations at short- and lon-term durations for the differentlarval stages, post-larvae, juveniles and adult stage of Macrobrachiumrosenbergii are not very well understood. Therefore,static bioassay experiments were conducted to determine the 48 and 96 h LC50 value of copper toxicity (ionic form) on IsttoXIth larval stages, post-larvae, juveniles and adults of the giant freshwatwer prawn, M. rosenbergii. Preliminary trials withthe test concentration of copper ranging between 1-10 mgL-1 on the different larval stages of M.rosenbergii for 48 hoursindicate that critical value lies below the lower limit of this range. Thus, final toxicity tests were conducted within theconcentration range of 1.0 to 10 mg L-1. Similarly for the post-larvae, juveniles and adults prawn also preliminary trials foreach period were conducted and the test animals were exposed according to observed concentrations. There were somevariations in the water quality parameters of the bioassay water medium used for the larval stage I and II in comparison toother subsequent larval stages III to XI. The larval stage I, bioassay experiments were conducted in water having salinity4±1, alkalinity 120±4 and pH 7.2±0.18. The larval stage II bioassay experiment were conducted in water having salinity 8± 2, alkalinity 122 ± 2 and pH 7.8±0.14 whereas the subsequent larval stages III to XI were conducted in the salinity 16±2,alkalinity 260±8 and pH 8.4±0.3. These variation in the water quality particularly salinity were maintained as per theirrequirement for their normal development. Most of the larvae and post-larvae exposed to lower copper concentrationbelow LC50 did not shown any marked effect on the behavioral pattern in the first 24 h, thereafter, decreased swimmingactivity was observed. In later stage, the larvae were settled at the bottom. In higher concentration of copper, the larvaeshowed erratic swimming movements within few hours of exposure. The 48h LC50 for the sequential larval stages Ist to 11th

stage were observed in the range of 3.5 to 5.8 mg L-1 and their 95% confidence limit were 2.82-6.65 mg L-1.The 48 h LC50

for the post-larvae, juveniles and adults with their 95% confidence limit were observed in the range of 1.38 mg L-1 (1.42-1.33), 1.60 mg L-1 (2.02-1.26) and 2.15 mg L-1 (3.09-1.49), respectively. The 96 hours LC50 for the post-larvae, juvenilesand adults with their 95% confidence limit were observed in the range of 0.760 mg L-1 (0.882-0.655), 0.920 mgL-1 (1.09-0.823) and 0.980 mgL-1(1.19-0.806), respectively. The relationship between the LC50 value among the all 11 larval stageindicate that there was not much significant difference at 05 percent level in stage I to II and stage III to Stage IX and stageX to XI. In the present investigation, the tolerance of larvae to copper ion increased progressively from 3.5 to 5.8 mg L-1 asthe larvae metamorphose from stage I to X. However, the tolerance limit reduced significantly at XIth larval stage which isalso representing the last metamorphosis stage suggesting more sensitive to copper toxicity in comparison to other larvalstages. In the present investigation, the 96h LC50 for the post-larvae, juveniles and adults were found to be significantlylower in comparison to marine prawns indicating that M. rosenbergii post-larvae, juveniles and adults are more sensitive tocopper than most of the other marine species.

KEYWORDS: Copper, Macrobrachiumrosenbergii, erratic swimming, LC50.

ANTICANCER PROPERTY OF ANTHRACYCLINE CF. CURCUMIN1 Chincholikar Preeti. M., 2Sharma Ruchi Dubey, 3Joshi Smita & 4Amlathe Sulbha

ABSTRACTAs a part of our research, in generating a good drug model with high anticancer efficiency. We had compared theanticancer properties of Anthracycline (potent antibiotic used in chemotherapy) and Curcumin ( an edible, non-toxiccomponent of turmeric). The study shows that the effective ways of anticancer activities are totally different. TheAnthracyclines contribute to anticancer activity by destruction of DNA replication process, while Curcumin has its effectsthrough different biological pathways. Here we are presenting a comparative account of both the compounds with theirstructural data details- that were studied. It has been found that Anthracyclines have high toxic effects but have highpotency; Curcumin being less toxic has potency but has low bio-availability.

KEYWORDS: Anthracycline, Curcumin, anticancer activity.


78

LARVAL CANNIBALISM IN THE INDUS VALLEY TOAD, DUTTAPHRYNUSSTOMATICUS.

1SabaNeelam, 1BalwanWahied Khawar and 2Tripathi N. K.1Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College Doda-182202, J&K, India

2Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006

ABSTRACTThe Indus Valley toad, Duttaphrynusstomaticus, is a prolonged monsoon breeder species found widely distributed in theIndian subcontinent. It utilizes the small temporary ponds (for breeding and metamorphosis) in which rain water isgathered and by the end of monsoon toads are grown up and migrate to land. Towards the end of monsoon, water levelfalls and population density increases in these ponds. Simultaneously food also becomes a limiting factor. Since this toad iscontinuous breeder, there are produced many generations within the same pond. In some cases, the eldest ones are alwaysat advantage because they enjoy best of the food, space and other requirements for metamorphosis. It is quite tough for thenewer generations to survive in the same habitat as they have to struggle harder than their elder conspecifics. Competitionfor food and space increases with the retreating monsoons as the ponds begin to dry and the older tadpoles (mostly the hindlimb stage larvae) adopt the cannibalistic behavior. Larval cannibalism was observed in the Indus Valley toad,Duttaphrynusstomaticus in Jammu (India), in a natural temporary breeding pond. The larvae were found feeding on eggsand other conspecifics. The behavior was most probably because of the high population density and scarcity of thenutritious food which act as crucial factors in prolonged breeding cycles in temporary and fast drying water bodies. Thisstudy is first of its kind from Jammu.

KEYWORDS: Larval Cannibalism, Duttaphrynusstomaticus, Conspecifics, Population Density, Nutritious Food.

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF PROTEINISOLATED FROM VIGNA RADIATA (MUNG BEAN)

1*Jabi Shahana, 2Mathur Abhishek1Himalayan University, Arunachal Pradesh, India;

2NCFT, New Delhi & Institute of Transgene Life Sciences, Dehradun (U.K), India*Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACTPlants are constantly challenged by pathogens, but the onset of plant disease is the exception rather than the rule. Plantdefensins are not however restricted to the preformed defense system and can also be induced by external environmentalstimuli which include pathogen attack, environmental stress, herbivore damage and plant hormones. Antioxidants helporganisms deal with oxidative stress, caused by free radical damage. Free radicals are chemical species, which contains oneor more unpaired electrons due to which they are highly unstable and cause damage to other molecules by extractingelectrons from them in order to attain stability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in vivo, such as superoxide anion,hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, are highly reactive and potentially damaging transient chemical species. These arecontinuously produced in the human body, as they are essential for energy supply, detoxification, chemical signaling andimmune function. In the present study, the proteins were isolated from Vignaradiata (Mung bean) germinating seeds byhomogenization in alkaline phosphate buffer followed by centrifugation. The protein isolated was evaluated for itsconcentration which was found to be 32% in comparison to non-germinating seeds via Folin-Ciocalteau’s reagent. Theprotein isolated was further dissolved in N- saline to prepare the concentrations viz. 0.5. 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/ml todetermine the antioxidant potential of the protein extract. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radicalscavenging method and Superoxide anion radical scavenging assay. The results confirmed that protein extracts possessedhigher antioxidant activity as the concentration of protein increases. TPC in protein extract (concentration -2.5 mg/ml) wasfound to be 250 µg/g gallic acid equivalents. IC50 values of protein extracts (concentration -2.5 mg/ml) were found to be30.10 µg/ml. With reference to superoxide anion radical scavenging method, protein extracts (concentration -2.5 mg/ml)showed 72 % inhibition. Ascorbic acid was used as the standard antioxidant having-IC50 value viz. 78.17 μg/ml in DPPHradical scavenging method and 87.80 % inhibition of superoxide. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the protein wasalso determined. The protein extract (1g/ml) showed 88 ±0.06 % protection of HRBC in hypotonic solution in comparisonto standard Diclofenac sodium which showed 90.54 ±0.06 % protections at 120 mg/ml. These protein extracts were foundto be effective in inhibiting heat induced albumin denaturation in comparison to standard Diclofenac Sodium whichshowed 93.54 ±0.06 % inhibitions in albumen denaturation at 120 mg/ml. The maximum inhibition of RBC membraneinflammation was recorded viz. 78.82±0.06 % from protein extracts in comparison with standard Diclofenac Sodiumwhich showed the maximum inhibition 85.92 ±0.05 % at 120 mg/ml.

KEYWORDS:Proteins, Vignaradiata, non germinating seeds, antioxidant activity, free radicals, anti-inflammatory activity.


79

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEIN ISOLATED AND PURIFIEDFROM SKIN AND MUSCLES HOMOGENATE OF LABEO ROHITA

(ROHU)1*Bijalwan Kamal, 2Mathur Abhishek

1Himalayan University, Arunachal Pradesh, India;2NCFT, New Delhi & Institute of Transgene Life Sciences,Dehradun (U.K), India

*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] is endowed with an extensive network of fisheries resources; a long coast line of 1100 km along the Arabian Sea,supports a wide range of fish species with economic value and nutritional importance. Approximately 180 species of fishare found in fresh waters of India, majority of which are edible Antimicrobial proteins and peptides had been found from awide variety of organisms in the last few years. These molecules have attracted much research interest because of theirbiochemical diversity, broad specificity on anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungi, anti-protozoan parasites, anti-tumoural, andwound-healing effects. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides play key roles in innate immunity. They interact directly withbacteria and kill them. The present study was performed in order to isolate and purify the protein from skin and muscleshomogenate of Labeorohita (Rohu). Different studies are already performed which showed that bacteria and virus havecaused high mortality in Labeorohitacultures, but the endogenous antimicrobial peptides and proteins have not beenexplored till yet or less evidences are reported. As per the results observed, an antimicrobial component was obtained fromthe skin and muscles homogenate of L. rohita. It was observed that when the skin and muscles homogenate was digestedwith trypsin (proteolytic enzyme), its antimicrobial activity was lost, which confirmed that the antimicrobial component isa protein. The antimicrobial protein was further purified from the skin and muscles homogenate of Labeorohitabysuccessive ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The protein isolated was demonstrated to be single proteinband by SDS-PAGE, with the apparent molecular weight of 46 KDa. The crude protein content in the mixed homogenateof the fish was found to be 20.5%. Although different feed content may also vary the nutritional significance of differentbiomolecules in the fish which is also another part of study. The protein fraction isolated was evaluated for antimicrobialactivity. The protein fraction exhibited antimicrobial activity both for the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus,Micrococcus luteusand Bacillus subtilis, and for the Gram-negative bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrioparahaemolyticus, Vibrio fluvialis, Pasteurellamultocida, Aeromonashydrophila, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Except A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli (MIC>19 mol/L), most of the tested Gram-negative bacteriawere sensitive to protein fraction (MIC<18 mol/L). Interestingly, the protein fraction showed potent antimicrobial activityagainst Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus(MIC 5-10 mol/L) but comparatively weak antimicrobial activity against M.luteusand B. subtilis. The study thus suggests the presence of antimicrobial amino acids in the protein fraction which areneeded to be isolated and characterization for further studies.

KEYWORDS: Labeorohita, Fresh Water, Protein Fraction, Antimicrobial Activity.

EFFECT OF TELANTHERA/ ALTERNANTHERAFICOIDEA (NATURAL)DYE ON MULBERRY SILK AND ITS

APPLICATIONDuarah Pomima, Das Prasenjit, Kaur Satvinder and Kalita Binita Baishya

Department of Textiles and Apparel Designing, College of Home Science,Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat- 13, Assam, India

ABSTRACTColour is an element which transforms the entire fabric and is the first property that is noticed and frequently the firstfactor governing fabric choice. The colour imparted to a fabric by the process of dyeing may be either from a naturalsource or chemical one. Dyes from natural sources are in great demand because current global trends indicate consumerpreferences for products from natural sources as well as processes that are safe and eco-friendly. Naturally occurringmaterials are non toxic, biodegradable and non carcinogenic. Environmental considerations are now becoming anadditional important factor during the selection of consumer goods including textiles all over the world. So, interest innatural product is gaining importance throughout the world and people are becoming aware of the need for eco-friendlymaterials. For the research, Mulberry silk fabric was dyed with natural dye- Purple Lady (Telantheraficoidea) and mordantselected were alum and Tea. The silk fabric samples were firstly degummed, ironed and dyed under constant conditions oftemperature 60-90°C, time 45 min and M:L:: 1:40.The O.D value before and after dyeing were recorded. The dyed sampleswere evaluated in regard to their percent absorption and fastness properties. For colour fastness properties, dyed sampleswere evaluated for fastness to sunlight, washing, crocking (wet and dry),pressing (wet and dry) and perspiration. Allsamples showed good absorption, different shades or colours and desirable results obtain and ranged from very fair to goodcolour fastness. PurpleLady (Telantheraficoidea)- natural dye could be used effectively for colouring of mulberry silkfabric along with other fabric as a traditional skill and knowledge development for ethnic people and for enriching dyeingindustry.

KEYWORDS: Mulberry silk, purple lady, fastness, natural dye.


80

ETHNO VETERINARY PRACTICES AMONG THE LIVESTOCK OWNERSOF EASTERN PLAIN ZONE (UP-9) OF MIDDLE GANGETIC PLAINS.

1Singh S. V., 1Singh J. P., 1Ramakant and 2Singh N. K.1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, N.D.U.A. &T,

Kumarganj-224229, Faizabad (U.P.) India2Assistant Professor Department of T.V.C.C.

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to explore and collect information on all possible ongoing traditional ethno veterinarypractices being followed by farmers of Eastern plain zone of the middle Gangetic Plains on randomized basis. Total 120farmers were selected randomly. Information was collected through face to face interview technique with the help of wellstructured and presented questionnaire/ interview schedule from individual farmer and by personal observations. Questionswere asked regarding the common health problems like fever, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, bloat, indigestion,vomitions, mastitis, abscess, teat and horn injury, sprain, arthritis, mouth ulcers, cough, retained placenta, surra, orf, ectoand endo parasites, insect bite, burns, oliguria etc, and the detail provided by them regarding ethno veterinary practiceswere recorded. Present study recorded 109 ethnoveterinary practices involving 51 plants which were used to treat 32 typesof diseases of livestock. Out of these diseases most frequently treated ailment were pyrexia of unknown origin andtympany with 12 remedies for both these disorders. The efficacy of these remedies cannot be denied but need scientificvalidation. Detailed studies are needed regarding their use either alone or in combination, to set up an effective dosageregimen.

KEYWORDS: ethno veterinary, Gangetic Plains, 51 plants, 32 types of diseases.

INCIDENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHES IN GOATS IN ANDAROUND KUMARGANJ AREA

*Anugrah, 1Singh S. V. , 1Singh J. P.,1Ramakant and 2Singh N. K.Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, N.D.U.A. &T,

Kumarganj-224229, Faizabad (U.P.) India2Assistant Professor Department of T.V.C.C.

ABSTRACTThe present investigation was designed to find out the load of gastro intestinal infestation in goats in and aroundKumarganj area. Fecal samples were collected from ILFC and 11 villages in surrounding area of Kumarganj. . A total of250 fecal samples of goats were collected, 40 samples from ILFC and 210 from 11 villages and examined for differenttypes of eggs of parasites. The fresh 10-15 gm fecal samples were collected from the rectum of goats directly forparasitological examinations. Out of the screened population190 were females and 60 were males. Plastic bottles andpolythene bags were used for collection of fecal samples and transported to laboratory for further analysis. Out of 250samples, 146 samples were found positive with 58.4% incidence rate. Highest incidence was of Strongyle (38.3%)infestation, followed by mixed helminth (30.8%), and Trichuris (19.9%). Minimum infestation was found of Amphistome(10.6%). Strongyle was the most common parasite. At an organized livestock farm (ILFC) 23 (57.5%) samples foundpositive for different gastro intestinal helminths in which highest incidence of Strongylewas noticed followed by Trichurisand mixed infestation. No eggs of Amphistomeswas found in goats of ILFC. Infestation was found in a total of 27.4%males and 72.6% females. Fecal Analysis revealed highest incident of Strongyle infestation 52.50% in males and 36.5% ofmixed type of parasitic infestation was found in females, followed by Trichuris 25% and Strongyle 33% in males andfemales respectively. Highest infestation of gastro intestinal helminth was found in age group of more than 2year. Thefindings of current study also revealed that maximum helminthes infestation was observed in females as compared tomales. The influence of sex on the susceptibility of animals to infestations could be attributed to genetic predisposition anddifferential susceptibility owing to hormonal control.

KEYWORDS: goats, parasites, infestation, gastro intestinal.


81

EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT ANTHELMINTICS IN THE THERAPEUTICMANAGEMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN GOATS

*Anugrah, 1Singh S.V., 1Singh J. P.,1Ramakant and 2Singh N. K.Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, N.D.U.A. &T,

Kumarganj-224229, Faizabad (U.P.) India²Assistant Professor Department of T.V.C.C.

ABSTRACTTo study the therapeutic efficacy of different drugs 48 infested animals were divided in four groups of twelve animalseach. These four groups were Trichuris group, Strongyle group, Amphistome group and mixed type of infestation group.These groups were further subdivided in subgroup “A “ and “B”, all groups “A” animals were subjected to suspensioncontaining oxyclozanide and levamisole and animals of group “B” were treated by suspension containing oxyclozanide,levamisole and silymarin. Fecal and blood sample were collected from all the animals before and after treatment. Fecalsamples were analyzed only for presence or absence of parasitic eggs. Blood samples were subjected for complete bloodcount (Hb, TLC, DLC, RBC, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC) and Blood glucose. Serum samples were analyzed for Liverfunction test and Kidney function test (SGPT, SGOT, BUN, Creatinine, Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin).Comparisons of the blood profile indicates clinically significant improvement in silymarin containing group “B” due tohepatoprotective activity of silymarin, role of silymarin in RBC synthesis (Roozbehet al., 2011) and improvement inlymphocyte count in case of infection.

KEYWORDS: Trichuris, Strongyle , Amphistome, blood count.

CR (VI) INDUCED ANTIOXIDANT AND GENE EXPRESSIONRESPONSES IN FISH CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH)

*Awasthi Yashika and Trivedi Sunil P.Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory,Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007

*Corresponding author’s E-mail:[email protected],

ABSTRACTChromium among heavy metals is well known toxicant to living beings due to their bioaccumulation and non-biodegradable properties. It is major component of various industries and its particulates release in aquatic ecosystem andbecame serious threat to aquatic organism. Cr (VI) metabolism and biotransformation in kidney produces ROS andultimately causes oxidative stress by disturbing cellular enzymatic equilibrium. Therefore, this study was designed toinvestigate the effect of Cr (VI) on activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., super-oxide-dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)and transcriptional levels of target genes (sod and cat) in kidney of freshwater fish Channapunctatus. Fish were exposed totwo different concentrations of 96h-LC50 of Cr (VI)i.e.3.92 mg/L (96h-LC50/5

th fraction) and 7.85 mg/L (96h-LC50/10th

fraction) along with one control group. The findings of present study show significant (p<0.05) increase in the SOD andCAT enzyme activity and also up regulated expression of sod and cat genes in Cr (VI) exposed groups. This studyhighlights the molecular and biochemical activity of SOD-CAT enzymes in kidney tissues as a biomarker of Cr (VI)induces toxicity.

KEYWORDS: Chromium, Sod Gene, Cat Gene, Aquatic Ecosystem, Channapunctatus.


82

ELECTROPHORETIC COMPARISON OF SERUM PROTEINS OF LABEO ROHITAREARED IN SELECTED LAKES OF BANGALORE

*Nazima Noor and Bela ZutshiDepartment of Zoology,Bangalore University, Bangalore – 560056

*Corresponding Author Email:[email protected]

ABSTRACTTwo lakes, Vengaiah lake (Lake A) and YellamallappaChetty lake (Lake B) situated near Krishnarajpuram- HoskoteTaluk,Bangalore, Karnataka were studied to analysephysico-chemical parameters including trace metals during three differentseasons of the year. The assessment of such parameters was carried out to check the status of pollution of these waterbodies. The data revealed significant variation in their concentration of water parameters of lake B due to changes in theaquatic ecosystem caused by human interference and climatic condition during summer, rainy and winter season.Thevalues were statistically significant at P<0.0001. Further, blood samples were collected from heart of the freshwater fish,L. rohita sampled from lake A and B previously anesthetized by MS222. The banding pattern of serum proteins of blood offish varied from each other but maximum deterioration was observed in fish from lake B, during winter and rainy seasondepicting proteolysis of the serum proteins and damage to its protein synthetic machinery which may be attributed tostress response due to pollutant load. Hebbal fish farm was considered as a reference site (Control site) for both water andfish samples.

KEYWORDS: Lakes, Water parameters, Labeorohita, Serum protein, banding pattern, Stress.

AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINE: A CASE STUDY FROMJAMMUAND KASHMIR, INDIA

Balwan Wahied Khawar and Saba NeelamDepartment of Zoology, Govt Degree College Doda-182202 J & K, India

ABSTRACTAll the animal and plant forms are the worst affected by climate change all over the globe. One of the major animal groupssuffering is the Amphibia. Climatic changes and contaminants are two of the most important factors affecting thepopulations of amphibians worldwide. For an ecosystem, amphibians play a major role in compiling the community andmaintain the nature balance. Over the past few years, global decline in amphibian populations has gained much attentionand globally studies are being made on the possible causes for the population decline. One such case study is the Karezfrog, Chrysopaasternosignata(Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Jammu and Kashmir state, India. The species inhabits the coldstreams of Bhaderwah tehsil, district Doda (altitude 1500m-3000m) and has witnessed a great reduction in population sizeover the last three-four years. Climate change, habitat loss and toxicants are the possible causes for the reduction inpopulation size. It is suggested that if the same factors are not strongly mended or conservation strategies not designed, weare soon going to find the species losing it ‘Least Concerned’ status.

KEYWORDS: Climate Change, Habitat Loss, Toxicants, Population Decline, Chrysopaasternosignata.


83

BIOACCUMULATION OF CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE IN CERTAIN TISSUESOF FRESHWATER FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH, 1793)

*Rajesh Prasad and Sunil P. TrivediEnvironmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow

Lucknow- 226007*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe aim of present research work is that to determine the accumulation of chromium trioxide in muscle, testis and ovary offreshwater fish, Channapunctatusafter exposure of chromium trioxide for 7days, 14days, 21days, and 28days. Afteracclimatization the fishes were divided in three groups, group I serve as control (without exposure), group II exposed withLC50/10 (7.89 mg/L) and group III exposed with LC50/20 (3.94 mg/L) for 7days, 14days, 21days and 28 days. On eachsampling day the fishes were dissected and muscle, testis and ovary samples collected from each group. AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu AA-7000F) was used for the determination of chromium trioxide concentrationin tissues viz., muscle, testis and ovary. In present study in comparison to control the highest accumulation of chromiumtrioxide was observed in muscle and ovary while the lowest accumulation of chromium trioxide was observed in testis offish Channapunctatus at different exposure period. The outcome of present investigation is that the highest concentrationof chromium trioxide induces the various physiological disturbances in fish, Channapunctatus.

KEYWORDS:Channapunctatus, Chromium trioxide, muscle, testis and ovary.

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF β-CASEIN GENE (A1/A2 MILKVARIANTS) IN ZEBU AND HF X ZEBU CROSSBRED CATTLE

1Jawane V. B., 2*Ali S. Sajid, 2Kuralkar S. V., 3Bankar P. S., 1Joshi A. S., 4 Kuralkar Prajakta and 1Pannhale M. A.1M. V. Sc Scholars, 2Head, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding,

Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola4Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding,

Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola

ABSTRACTThe experiment was conducted to study the genetic polymorphism of β-casein (CSN2) gene using PCR-RFLP method.Cow milk β-casein protein has 12 genetic variants out of which A1 and A2 are common. Some reports suggested that milkconsumption having mutated beta-casein variant A1 possessing the amino acid histidine at residue 67 of the mature proteininstead of proline in A2 at that position, yields the bioactive peptide beta-casomorphin-7, which may play an unclear rolein the development of some human diseases. Therefore an attempt was made to study the polymorphism of β-casein(CSN2) gene to analyze the frequency of the A1 and A2 allele in Indigenous and Holstein-Friesian crossbred cattle ofMaharashtra. Blood samples were collected from 31 unrelated Zebu (Dangi) cattle from Dangi Cow Research Station,Igatpuri, Nashik and 32 sample of Zebu X HF crossbred cattle (with known exotic inheritance percentage) maintained atCattle Breeding Farm Kopargoan, Ahmednagar. DNA was extracted to amplify the part of exon VII of bovine beta-caseingene using primers, CASB67R:5’-CCTGCAGAATTCTAGTCTATCCCTTCCCTGGGCCCATCG-3’ and CASB122L:5’-GAGTCGACT GCAG ATTTTCAACATCAGTGAGAGTCAGGCCCTG-3’ and the amplified fragments of 251 bp wererestricted by using TaqI enzyme to differentiate A1 and A2 allele. Digestion of PCR amplicons with TaqI restrictionenzyme yielded three genotypes A1A1 (213 and 38 bp), A1A2 (251, 213 and 38 bp) and A2A2 (251 bp). In all 32 Zebucattle only homozygous genotype A2A2 (uncut fragment of 251bp) was observed. Hence gene frequency of A1 allele waszero and A2 allele was one indicating the fixation of the preferred allele (A2) in naturally evolved native cattle breeds. Allthree genotypes were observed in the Zebu X HF crossbreds A1A1 (0.03), A1A2 (0.09) and A2A2 (0.88) with the genefrequencies of A1 (0.08) and A2 (0.92). The gene frequencies in Zebu X HF crossbred having 75% exotic germplasm were0.13 (A1) and 0.86 (A2) and genotypic frequencies were 0.06 (A1A1), 0.13 (A1A2) and 0.81 (A2A2) whereas thecorresponding gene frequencies in Zebu X HF crossbreds having 62.5% exotic germplasm were 0.03 (A1) and 0.97 (A2)and genotypic frequencies were 0.00 (A1A1), 0.06 (A1A2) and 0.94 (A2A2). It was observed that the gene frequency ofA1 allele increases in the population with the increased level of exotic germplasm inheritance in crossbreds though it wasstatistically non significant. Considering the reported public health implications of A1 milk and positive relationship of A2variant with milk performance trait, a screening of large crossbred population of various level of exotic germplasminheritance and association study of A2 allele with milk performance traits is an immediate and crucial need along with thecareful selection of exotic/crossbred breeding bulls followed by proper screening for A1A2 locus before their use forartificial insemination to minimize the propagation of A1 allele in the crossbred population.

KEYWORDS: β-casein, PCR-RFLP, Holstein-Friesian, crossbred, genotypic frequencies.


84

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PERINDOPRIL AGAINST INTRACEREBRALCOLCHICINE INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN MICE.

Awasthi HimaniAmity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow

ABSTRACTTherapeutic benefits of ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, ramipril, ceranapril) in treating hypertension, congestive heartfailure, and following mild cardiac infarction, there appears to be facilitated cognitive functioning and feelings of well-being. According to this hypothesis ACE inhibitors may facilitate cognitive functioning by reducing the synthesis of AngII, thus removing an inhibitory influence upon Ach release (Barnes et al., 1990). Several studies have been undertaken toevaluate the neuroprotective and neuro restorative effects of ACE inhibitors in animal models of Parkinson’s disease(Jenkins et al., 1999). Independent of their ability to inhibit ACE activity, ACE inhibitors are by themselves capable ofscavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Lopez-Real A et al., 2005).

KEYWORDS: ACE inhibitors, neuroprotective, Parkinson’s disease.

METAL TOXICITY LEADS TO HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INALBINO RATS (RATTUS-RATTUS ALBINO)

*1Florin Masih , 1Andrews J., 2Harison Masih,1Department of Zoology, St.John’s College, Agra

2Department of Biotechnology, SHIATS, Allahabad

ABSTRACTHeavy metals are known to accumulate in the soft tissues of organisms.In this study an attempt was made to observe thetoxic effects of Copper nitrate and Cadmium nitrate on albino rats. Administration of these two chemicals are reported toaffect albino rats. Both Copper nitrate and Cadmium nitrate were fed orally on albino rats with the diet for one month.Seperate control rats were also maintained. After the experimental period the histology of stomach and intestine of albinorats was studied by Standard paraffin technique.In the stomach of albino rats Copper nitrate toxicity induced damage intunica externa, submucosa and muscularis and their cells got ruptured and scattered .In intestine also lamina propria andmucosal epithelium got ruptured and their cells showed vacuolation and proliferation. In Cadmium nitrate toxicity thestomach of albino rats showed degeneration and damage in tunica externa ,muscularis and submucosa.Cell disruption andscattering of cells was observed.In intestine also Cadmium nitrate toxicity showed degeneration in muscularis,mucosa andsubmucosa.Lamina propria cells also got ruptured.The histopathological observations showed that both Copper nitrate andCadmium nitrate produced significant damage in the stomach and intestine of albino rats. So this study reveals thehazardous effects of Copper nitrate and Cadmium nitrate on the gastrointestinal tract of mammals.

KEYWORDS: Copper nitrate, Cadmium nitrate, albino rats.


85

PHARMACEUTICAL COCRYSTAL TECHNIQUE TO ENHANCE THESOLUBILITY OF AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE BCS CLASS II DRUG

Srivastava Dipti and Fatima ZeeshanAmity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow

ABSTRACTCocrystal is defined as a crystalline complex of two or more neutral molecular constituents bound together in the crystallattice through non covalent interactions. The pharmaceutical cocrystals can be explained as multi-component solid-stateassemblies of two or more compounds held together by any type or combination of intermolecular interactions. Cocrystalsconstitute an important class of pharmaceutical materials by enhancing solubility and dissolution. The object of ourresearch work is to enhance the solubility of a poorly water soluble drug Candesartan using cocrystal technique.Candesartan , a BCS class II drug, is used as an antihypertensive agent. An attempt was carried out to prepare cocrystal ofcandesartan with methyl paraben by solution crystallization method. The cocrystal of candesartan and methyl paraben wasprepared by taking candesartan and methyl paraben in a molar ratio of 1:1 and dissolving them in 15 ml of acetone. Theresultant solution was left undisturbed for slow evaporation. The prepared multicomponent solid system was then sent forDifferential Scanning Calorimetry studies (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Red (FTIR) studies. The DSCthermogram showed a characterstic and sharp melting point at 235°C which was higher than the melting point of the purecandesartan and methyl paraben. In the FTIR Spectra of multicomponent solid system, the (C=O) peak of the candesartancompletely disappeared where as the (C=O) bond of methyl paraben showed a shift of wavenumber 3cm-1.Furtheranalytical studies like NMR and PXRD needs to be done to ascertain whether formation of salt or a cocrystal has takenplace.

KEYWORDS: pharmaceutical, cocrystals, Candesartan, methyl paraben, NMR and PXRD.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROMISING PROBIOTIC STRAIN:LACTOBACILLUS MURINUS

Gupta Priyanka and Pande S.Rajiv Gandhi Biotechnology Centre, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur

ABSTRACTProbioticis are relatively new word meaning 'for life', which is used to name microorganisms that are associated with thebeneficial effects for humans and animals. Regular consumption of dairy products like yogurt containing probioticsmicroorganisms is re-commended to establish a positive balance of the population of useful or beneficial microbes in theintestinal flora. In this study, a probiotic strain was isolated from a yogurt sample on MRS media. The isolate wasidentified as Lactobacillus murinus based on their growth and biochemical characteristics. It was confirmed by 16Sribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The sequence of the isolated strain is deposited in NCBI. The isolate was resistant to bilesalt (0.05-0.3%) and showed good growth in the acidic condition, survived even at pH 2. The isolates were examined fortheir antibacterial activity against food pathogens E. faecalis, Streptococcus typhi, Staphylococcus aureus,Proteus vulgarisand Klebsiella pneumonia and found all pathogens are inhibited their growth to some extent but maximum zone ofinhibition was observed against S. typhi and minimum was against Staphylococcus aureus after 72 hour incubation. Also,the isolate was sensitive to antibiotics like oflaxacin, neomycin, chloramphenical, gentamycin and was resistant tomethicillin. Probiotic bacteria are used in the prevention and treatment of different gastrointestinal diseases and allergies.The results of the present study indicate that, the isolated strain Lactobacillus murinus LAP1 as potent probiotic intreatment against food pathogens.

KEYWORDS: probiotics microorganisms, prevention, treatment, allergies.


86

STUDIES ON THE COMMON LIVESTOCK FEEDS IN MILAK BLOCK OFRAMPUR DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH

Singh Manoj, Ravindra Kumar, Laxmikant, Prasad Narendra and Tripathi N.C.Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rampur, SVPUA&T, Meerut (U.P.)

ABSTRACTIn study conducted in the villages of Milak block of Rampur district, the common available feeds of the area werecollected and analyzed for their proximate principles including their mineral profiles. The feeds sample collected from thefarmers were those being used for their live stock in routine such as Jowar, Bajra, Barseem as a green and Paddy straw andWheat straw. The farmers were feeding their animals with as dry fodders as major part of their diet. It was noted from theperusal of the nutrient content that the feeds were generally deficient minerals particularly phosphorous, magnesium, zinc,iron, manganese and copper. The general physical condition of the animals was not satisfactory, perhaps due todeficiencies of these minerals. From enquiry on the spot it was revealed that the farmers were not supplementing theiranimal diets with any type of the mineral mixtures or feed additives. Therefore, the farmers were advised to providesminimum quantity of mineral supplements to their livestock. Also they were made fully aware of the use of compoundedlivestock feeds to be given to their animals for better growth and over all animal production.

KEYWORDS: Livestock, Feeds and Minerals.

EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL HEROIN ADMINISTRATION ON HORMONALPROFILES AND ADENOHYPOPHYSIAL ENDOCRINE CELLS OF ALBINO

MUS NORVEGICUS1Bhoir Kaminidevi K, 1Suryawanshi S. A. and 2Pandey A. K.

1Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, 15 Madam Cama Road, Mumbai - 400 032, India2 ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Lucknow - 226 002, India

ABSTRACTDrug abuse is raising all over the world including perhaps as the result of newer and greater stresses related to rapidchanges in life style. Stress induce relapse in case of de-addicted person. From the pharmacological point of view,addictive effects of heroin can be obtained by different administration routes as the biological effects of this drug dependsmainly on physiochemical and pharmacokinetic factors. Drug inhaled or intravenously injected are associated with rapidabsorption and more intense effectiveness. Majority of the heroin consumption altered the brain function of each majorarea and brainstem. Heroin is preferred to morphine because of potency, weaker emetic, constipating and respiratorydepressant activity, more rapid onset and shorter duration of action and greater euphorogenic properties. There are variousaddictive chemical compounds, both natural and synthetic. Many drugs of abuse have the capacity of altering psychomotorand sensory functioning through effects on central nervous system. The impairment is seen following both acute andchronic drug administration. The present findings are after the heroin administration in albino rat. Sublethal treatment ofheroin (0.5 LD 50: 13.05 mg/kg/day) produces severe damage in the adeno-hypophysis resulting in reduced hormonesecretion by anterior pituitary. Growth hormone (GH), TSH level gradually depletes throughout the experimental period onthe day 30 the serum level was 234.6 ±30.55 ng/ml as compared to the control (506.8±24.35 ng/ml). While the depletedACTH level on day 30 was 26.07 ±3.04 pg/ml as compared to control value of 60.39±7.78 pg/ml. FSH level also declinessignificantly to 213.0 ±14.35 ng/ml while the control value was 428.0 ±39.04 ng/ml. Level of LH hormone also reduceddue to the treatment as control value was 27.78±4.97 ng/ml while the experimental value being 7.84 ±0.42 ng/ml. Thisclearly shows that all hormonal levels are getting decreased suggesting the total physiological activities have beenhampered due to heroin administration. Heroin induced histological changes in the cytoarchitecture of the anterior pituitarycreating damage to the cytoplasmic organelles of almost every hormone-producing cells. The ultrastructural studiesrevealed that pituitary cells exhibited changes such as hypertrophied nucleus, altered nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, dilated andruptured cristae of mitochondria, RBC infiltration creating intercellular space, reduction in the production of secretorygranules and also necrosis. It can be concluded from the present study that sublethal administration of heroin inducesimpairment of almost all the endocrine cells of adenohypophysis that control and co-ordinate the various physiologicalactivities of the rat by means of chemical messengers (hormones).

KEYWORDS: Stress, physiochemical, pharmacokinetic factors.


87

EFFECT OF 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE ON THE PUPAL WEIGHT ANDEMERGENCE OF MOTHS OF MULTIVOLTINE MULBERRY SILKWORM

(BOMBYX MORI LINN).1Prasad Surendra and 2Upadhyay V.B.

1Ex- Post Doctoral Fellow (UGC)2Ex- Head, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur-273009, U.P. India.


ABSTRACTThe response of silkworm to the small quantities of phytoecdysteroids or its analogues may hasten the larval maturationevents and also influenced the spinning process of the several silkworm larvae may prove to be very much useful for themanagement of rearing programme and economics of silkworm industry. The application of 20-hydroxyecdysone onBombyx mori larvae has been proved to be a significance in the sericulture industry. Variation in the 20-hydroxyecdysoneconcentration significantly (P1<0.05) influenced the pupal performance of B. mori in terms of pupal weight and emergenceof moths. The pupal weight and emergence of moths increased with the increasing number of larval treatment of 20, 40,and 60% ecdysone concentration. The maximum level of pupal weight (1.071±0.035 g) and emergence of moths(90.35±1.04%) was noticed in case of triple treatment by 60% ecdysone concentration. 20- hydroxyecdysone hormoneinteractions if applied tactfully may be useful for boosting up the sericulture industry as well as the economy of silkwormrearing.

KEYWORDS: 20-Hydroxyecdysone Concentration, Pupal performance, Larval Treatment, Bombyx mori

IDENTIFICATION OF QUINONES AND COUMARINS IN SWIETENIAMACROPHYLLA LEAF

Majumder Jayanta and *Roy SubhrajyotiImmunopharmacology and Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology,

University of Gour Banga, Malda – 732103, West Bengal, IndiaPresenting Author: Jayanta Majumder


ABSTRACTSwietenia macrophylla (Mahogony) has been reported to treat hypertension and diabetes, and also used to relieve pain.Pure compounds like limonoids, steroids, polyphenols and essential oils have been identified from different parts of S.macrophylla. But, till date, there is no information on the presence of quinones and coumarins in the leaf of this particularplant. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to find out whether S. macrophylla leaves possesses coumarins orquinones, which may lead to open a new prospect regarding the medicinal value of this particular plant. To achieve ourobjectives, normal and F254 silica coated TLC plates were used. The dried plant material was acid hydrolyzed, followed byextraction in ether for overnight. The ether was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in small amount of ethanol and itwas loaded on the silica gel plate. After run in appropriate solvents for quinones and coumarins, the plates were observedunder daylight and UV light, respectively. Rf values were calculated for each spot, and subsequently compared to thestandard compound(s). Results indicated the presence of anthraquinone and benzoquinone, but the absence ofnaphthaquinone. Among coumarins, furanocoumarins were identified. This is first report on the presence of themedicinally important constituents viz. anthraquinone, benzoquinone and furanocoumarins in the leaves of S. macrophyllaand this may warrant further research towards the isolation and structural identification of these compounds from thisplant, and that will advance the existing knowledge in relation to human health.

KEYWORDS: Swietenia Macrophylla; Anthraquinone; Benzoquinone; Furanocoumarins


88

SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS IN SEQUENCED TRICHODERMAGENOMES: FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND MARKERS FOR GENUS

TRICHODERMA

Mishra Nishtha, mahfooz Sahil, Singh Satyendra Pratap, Soni Sumit, Shukla Deepali, Fatima Touseef, TandonAshmita, Yadav Udit, Gautam Anshu, Mishra Aradhana & Singh Poonam C.

Division of Plant Microbe Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTMembers of genus Trichoderma are known worldwide for mycoparasitism. To gain a better insight into the organizationand evolution of their genomes, we used an in silico approach to compare the occurrence, relative abundance and densityof SSRs in Trichoderma atroviride, T. harzianum, T. reesei, and T. virens. Our analysis revealed that in all the fourgenome sequences studied, the occurrence, relative abundance, and density of microsatellites varied and was notinfluenced by genome sizes. The relative abundance and density of SSRs positively correlated with the G+C content oftheir genomes. The maximum frequency of SSRs was observed in the smallest genome of T. reesei whereas it was least insecond smallest genome of T. atroviride. Among different classes of repeats, the tri-nucleotide repeats were abundant in allthe genomes and accounts for ~38%, whereas hexa-nuceotide repeats were the least (~10.2%). Further evaluation of theconservation of motifs in the transcript sequences shows a 49.5% conservation among all the motifs. In order to studypolymorphism in Trichoderma isolates, 12 polymorphic SSR markers were developed. Of the 12 markers, 6 markers arefrom T. atroviride and remaining 6 belong to T. harzianum. SSR markers were found to be more polymorphic from T.atroviride with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.745 in comparison with T. harzianum (0.615).Twelve polymorphic markers obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the utility of newly developed SSR markers inestablishing genetic relationships among different isolates of Trichoderma.

KEYWORDS: Trichoderma, comparative genomics, microsatellites, motif conservation, genetic diversity

TAILORING SHAPE AND SIZE OF BIOGENIC SILVER NANOPARTICLESTO ENHANCE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY AGAINST MDR BACTERIA

Pandey Shipra, Giri Ved Prakash, Madhuree Kumari, Bhattacharya Arpita, Yadav Udit, Gautam Anshu,Nautiyal C.S. and Mishra Aradhana

Division of Plant Microbe Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, U.P*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTSpherical, rectangular, penta, and hexagonal silver nanoparticles of different dimensions were biosynthesized in an eco-friendly manner by biocontrol agent, Trichoderma viride by manipulating physical parameters, pH, temperature, andreaction time. The particles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, zeta sizer, and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Shape and size dependent antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles against human pathogens was observed.Maximum inhibition was found with spherical nanoparticles (2-5 nm) showing 40, 51, 43, 53.9 and 55.8% against Shigellasonnei, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively, whereas pentagonal and hexagonal nanoparticles (50-100nm) demonstrated 32, 41, 31, 42.84 and 42.80% of inhibition ascompared to control. Nanoparticles of different geometry and dimension established enhanced antagonistic activity againstpathogens with all the tested antibiotics. Excellent antimicrobial efficacy was obtained with spherical nanoparticles of 2-5nm with ampicillin and penicillin. Shape and size played major role in enhancing antimicrobial potential of silvernanoparticles, both singly and synergistically with antibiotics which can be exploited to combat the spread of multidrugresistant pathogens.

KEYWORDS: Silver nanoparticles; Trichoderma viride; shape and size; antimicrobial activity; synergistic effect; antibiotics


89

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND LEAF QUALITY ON REARING OFSILKWORM (BOMBYX MORI) DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS IN

SHAHJAHANPUR

Kumar RajeshDepartment of Zoology, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam Post Graduate College, Shahjahanpur (Uttar Pradesh)

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe production of silk is depends largely on the quality of mulberry leaf and environmental conditions. The silkwormBombyx mori L. was reared on tender, medium and mature mulberry leaf separately at natural climatic conditions duringdifferent rearing seasons. The effect of leaf quality and rearing temperature on silk worm rearing. The performance wasobserved on different parameters such as larval weight, ERR, cocoon weight, pupal weight, shell weight, shell ratio, larvalduration, fecundity and filament length. The productivity of silkworm was largely influenced by the quantity of mulberryleaf and rearing temperature during different seasons. The medium leaf fed at low temperature (26 0C) during autumnseason recorded better result.

KEYWORDS: Leaf quality, Silkworm, Temperature, Bombyx Mori.

TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING OF ANTIOXIDANT AND APOPTOTIC GENES INPHORATE EXPOSED FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATUS

Ratn Arun and Trivedi Sunil P.Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, U. P. (India)


ABSTRACTThis study was conducted on fishes exposed to 10% of 96h-LC50 (T1) and 20% of 96h-LC50 (T2) of phorate along withcontrol for 30 days of exposure period to assess the transcriptional regulations of antioxidant (sod and cat) and apoptotic (p53and bcl-2) genes in gill. Fishes were sacrificed and gill sampled from each group and preserved in TRIzol reagent for RNAisolation. The results reveal that the up-regulations of the p53, sod, cat and down-regulation of bcl-2 mRNA in gill of treatedfishes as compared to control. The p53 transcription factor is crucial target for phorate induced oxidative stress mediatedDNA damage in gill of fishes. The anti-apoptotic factor bcl-2 is basically inhibited during the apoptosis after the generationof ROS produced by phorate in gill. The findings of this study could be beneficial for characterisation and identification ofbiomarkers used to biomonitor the phorate insecticide contamination in aquatic environment. This differential geneexpression shall be helpful to decipher the mechanism of apoptotic pathway initiated by oxidative stress mediated DNAdamage in fishes.

KEYWORDS: p53, bax, apaf-1 (Apoptotic protease activating factor-1), bcl-2 genes, Channa punctatus and Phorate


90

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PERINDOPRIL AGAINST INTRACEREBRALCOLCHICINE INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN MICE

Awasthi HimaniAmity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow

ABSTRACTTherapeutic benefits of ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, ramipril, ceranapril) in treating hypertension, congestive heartfailure, and following mild cardiac infarction, there appears to be facilitated cognitive functioning and feelings of well-being. According to this hypothesis ACE inhibitors may facilitate cognitive functioning by reducing the synthesis of AngII, thus removing an inhibitory influence upon Ach release (Barnes et al., 1990). Several studies have been undertaken toevaluate the neuroprotective and neuro restorative effects of ACE inhibitors in animal models of Parkinson’s disease(Jenkins et al., 1999). Independent of their ability to inhibit ACE activity, ACE inhibitors are by themselves capable ofscavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Lopez-Real A et al., 2005).

KEYWORDS: ACE inhibitors, neuroprotective, scavenging, reactive oxygen.

BIOACCUMULATION OF CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE IN CERTAIN TISSUESOF FRESHWATER FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH, 1793)

Prasad Rajesh and Trivedi Sunil P.Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow,

Lucknow- 226007*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe aim of present research work is that to determine the accumulation of chromium trioxide in muscle, testis and ovary offreshwater fish, Channa punctatus after exposure of chromium trioxide for 7days, 14days, 21days, and 28days. Afteracclimatization the fishes were divided in three groups, group I serve as control (without exposure), group II exposed withLC50/10 (7.89 mg/L) and group III exposed with LC50/20 (3.94 mg/L) for 7days, 14days, 21days and 28 days. On eachsampling day the fishes were dissected and muscle, testis and ovary samples collected from each group. AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu AA-7000F) was used for the determination of chromium trioxide concentrationin tissues viz., muscle, testis and ovary. In present study in comparison to control the highest accumulation of chromiumtrioxide was observed in muscle and ovary while the lowest accumulation of chromium trioxide was observed in testis offish Channa punctatus at different exposure period. The outcome of present investigation is that the highest concentrationof chromium trioxide induces the various physiological disturbances in fish, Channa punctatus.

KEYWORDS: Channa Punctatus, Chromium Trioxide, Muscle, Testis and Ovary


91

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROMISING PROBIOTIC STRAIN:LACTOBACILLUS MURINUS

Gupta Priyanka and Pande S.Rajiv Gandhi Biotechnology Centre, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur

ABSTRACTProbioticis are relatively new word meaning 'for life', which is used to name microorganisms that are associated with thebeneficial effects for humans and animals. Regular consumption of dairy products like yogurt containing probioticsmicroorganisms is re-commended to establish a positive balance of the population of useful or beneficial microbes in theintestinal flora. In this study, a probiotic strain was isolated from a yogurt sample on MRS media. The isolate wasidentified as Lactobacillus murinus based on their growth and biochemical characteristics. It was confirmed by 16Sribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The sequence of the isolated strain is deposited in NCBI. The isolate was resistant to bilesalt (0.05-0.3%) and showed good growth in the acidic condition, survived even at pH 2. The isolates were examined fortheir antibacterial activity against food pathogens E. faecalis, Streptococcus typhi, Staphylococcus aureus,Proteus vulgarisand Klebsiella pneumonia and found all pathogens are inhibited their growth to some extent but maximum zone ofinhibition was observed against S. typhi and minimum was against Staphylococcus aureus after 72 hour incubation. Also,the isolate was sensitive to antibiotics like oflaxacin, neomycin, chloramphenical, gentamycin and was resistant tomethicillin. Probiotic bacteria are used in the prevention and treatment of different gastrointestinal diseases and allergies.The results of the present study indicate that, the isolated strain Lactobacillus murinus LAP1 as potent probiotic intreatment against food pathogens.

KEYWORDS: beneficial effects,humans and animal, food pathogens.

STUDY OF GONADO-SOMATIC INDEX OF MALE AND FEMALE GIANTSNAKEHEAD FISH, CHANNA MARULIUS (HAMILTON, 1822)

1*Yadav Kailash Chandra, 1Raizada Sudhir and Mishra AbhaDepartment of Applied Animal Sciences, Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow - 226 025, India

1 ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Lucknow - 226 002, India*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTChanna marulius is a largest fish with 183 cm length and 32 kg weight of the Family Channidae hence called giantsnakehead. This species is found in rivers, canals, swamp marshes, ponds, Lakes and reservoirs. It has high market prizeowing to good nutritive value, delicious taste and less muscular spins coupled with the air-breathing nature. Due toenvironmental changes, anthropogenic activities and high exploration rate, its population has declined tremendously innatural water bodies. Hence conservation aquaculture of Channa marulius has much importance in the present dayscenario. Gonado-somatic index (GSI) is the important part of reproductive biology as it has direct bearing on breedingmechanism and seed production. The present study expresses relative change in gonad weight in term of gonad somaticindex to the percentage of body weight. The changes occurring in GSI of Channa marulius in and around Lucknow (UttarPradesh, India) during January to April has been documented. GSI increased with gonadal development and maturation ofthis fish. In females, the minimum GSI value (0.184±0.010) was observed in January (during pre-spawning period) whilethe maximum (2.556±0.233) value during April at peak maturation period while in male GSI value was minimum(0.038±0.029) January and maximum (0.080±0.009) in April. Further study in this direction will help to find out moredetail information about reproductive biology of Channa marulius. Findings of the preset study will help in hormonalmanipulation for seed production of the candidate species for diversification of aquaculture and better conservation innatural water bodies.

KEYWORDS: Gonado-somatic index, maturity, giant snakehead, Channa marulius, Lucknow.


92

PERFORMANCE OF MULTI X BI HYBRIDS OF SILKWORM IN UTTARPRADESH CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Chauhan SunilGramyanchal P. G. College Haidergarh, Barabanki

ABSTRACTMultivoltine x Bivoltine hybrids of silkworm which are already being popular and practiced in Karnataka have been usedin the present study. Rearing of different multivoltine x bivoltine breed viz. BL23 x NB4D2, BL24 x NB4D2, PM x KA,PM x CC1, RD1 x NB4D2, P2D1 x NB4D2, was conducted during four different seasons viz. monsoon, autumn, springand summer in two subsequent years (2002 and 2003) by adopting Standard Rearing Technique. Nistari x NB4D2 wasmaintained as a control over other races but in field conditions natural climatic conditions were provided to the silkwormsand standard rearing practices were followed (Krishnaswami, 1978, 1979). 25 DFL’s were reared of each breed till thirdmoult, after third moult each breed was reared in triplicates upto the spinning stage. In each replication, 400 larvae weremaintained. Data was collected for eight cocoon parameters viz. hatching %, total larval duration, survival rate (%), cocoonyield by number, cocoon yield by weight (kg), cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio, filament length. Data weresubjected to statistical methods for deriving the results. In the present study the new multivoltine x bivoltine hybrids haveshown better survival, cocoon weight and shell ratio during all seasons resulting in increased yield in comparison to thecontrol Nistari x NB4D2. The new multivoltine x bivoltine hybrids have revealed the improvement mainly in cocoonweight, shell ratio, survival rate, and cocoon yield by weight which confirms the superiority of new hybrids over thecontrol hybrid Nistari x NB4D2. Therefore these combinations viz. BL24 x NB4D2 for monsoon, PM x CC1 for autumnseason, P2D1 x NB4D2 for spring and RD1 x NB4D2 for summer are economically viable as they are characterised byshorter larval duration, higher rate of survival and high cocoon weight with better silk content.

KEYWORDS: silkworm, hybrids, survival and high cocoon weight with better silk content.

NITROSODIETHYLAMINE INDUCED HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN RODENTMODEL OF DISEASE: ANTI-FIBROTIC POTENTIAL OF GALLIC ACID

VIA REGRESSING OXIDATIVE DAMAGE*Riaz Ahmad, Husain Hadiya

Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (U.P)*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTNitroso compounds are well-known carcinogens, mutagens and hepatotoxicants. Nitrodimethylamine (NDMA or DMN)and Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA or DEN) are identified hepatotoxicants which are being utilized in studying mechanismof hepatotoxicity as well as investigating various prospective pharmaceuticals to combat the disease. NDMA or NDEAgenerated experimental liver fibrosis in rodents in an established disease model, as it perfectly imitates human hepaticfibrosis. Gallic acid (GA) is a known phenolic acid found in a number of plants such as pomegranate, grapes, tea etc.Gallic acid offers a number of pharmaceutical properties, including anti-cancer and anti-obesity. In this study, we havegenerated liver fibrosis rodent model by administering NDEA (i.p.) in doses of 10 ml kg-1 b.wt wk-1 of 1% stock solutionin normal saline. While another group receiving gallic acid in 100 mg kg-1 b.wt wk-1 was also maintained under idealconditions. Our results demonstrate significant changes in investigated biochemical parameters and protein biomarkerssuch as AST, ALT, ALP, γGT and albumin. Light microscopy examinations showed inflammation, activated HSCs, andbridging fibrosis in fibrotic liver. Further, significant changes in SOD, GST, Catalase and LPO were also observed(P<0.05) along with α-SMA and inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). Animals received gallic acidsupplements showed reversal in the above-mentioned parameters. It is hypothesized that gallic acid involves in activationof Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes levels and satisfies the levels of liver function, α-SMA and inflammatory enzymeCOX-2. It is, therefore, concluded that gallic acid in the prescribe dosages offers antifibrotic potential.

KEYWORDS: Nitroso compounds, Nitrodimethylamine, Nitrosodiethylamine, antifibrotic.


93

HEAVY METAL BIOACCUMULATION AND THEIR RISK ASSESSMENT INSOME EDIBLE FISHES OF THE GANGA RIVER NEAR JAJMAU (KANPUR)

AND SHUKLAGANJ (UNNAO), INDIA

Manoj KumarDepartment of Zoology, University of Lucknow.

Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTRiver Ganga, the longest river of India is considered to be the most pious river that flows across five states and drain intothe Bay of Bengal. The river on its course, receives a considerable amount of industrial waste, municipal/domestic waste,medicinal waste, urban runoff and agricultural runoff. Present study was conducted to study the bioaccumulation pattern ofheavy metals and their risk assessments in some edible fishes near Jajmau (Kanpur) and Shuklaganj (Unnao) area of riverGanga (80° 15′ - 80° 34′ E longitude and 26° 24′ - 26° 35′N latitude) of Uttar Pradesh, India. The heavy metals such as Ni,Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Co were estimated in liver, kidney, muscle and gill of four species of edible fishes. Amongdifferent organs maximum accumulation of metals were reported in liver followed by gill, muscle and kidney. In some fishsamples, concentrations of aforementioned heavy metals were recorded above their permissible limits which weredescribed by FAO, BIS and WHO. Among the fish species, Labio rohita and Channa striata showed the highestaccumulation of metals suggesting higher risks for consumers health.

KEYWORDS: Heavy Metals, Bioaccumulation, Liver, Kidney, Muscle and Gill.

DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENTS AND FISHTISSUE (Labeo rohita) IN GANGA RIVER OF EASTERN U.P. INDIA

1*Dubey Indrani, 2Manoj Kumar1Department of Zoology,DBS College,Kanpur,UP. , India.

2Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow,Lucknow,UP., India*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTDistribution of heavy meatals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn) ,Zinc (Zn) and cooper(Cu) were determined in water, sediment and gill, liver, muscle of fish L.rohita, near and around Jajmau area,Kanpur,India. Samples were randomly collected and analysed at Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediationlaboratory, Department of Zoology ,University of Lucknow and Department of Zoology ,DBS college ,Kanpur,India Theconcentration of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn and Zn was observed 0.010,0.887, 0.053, 0.061, 0.048 , 0.39 mg/l in river waterand 3.90, 258.48 , 81.89, 215.48,20.78, 6.40 μg/g in sediment respectively. The heavy metals concentrations in the tissueof fish L.rohita (μg/g dry weight), Cd 28.2, Cr 50.45, Pb 14.15, Cu 29.96 and Zn 21.45μg/g in muscle, and the Cd 31.58,Pb 17.74, Cr 52.52, Cu33.54 and Zn 20.89in gills and Cd 35.39, Cr 62.49, Pb 14.69, Cu31.75 and Zn 17.47μg/g in liver.The results showed that the liver appeared to the main heavy metals storage tissues, while the muscle of fish was loveraccumulator compare than gill and liver. All the metals concentration exceeded the detection limits except Mn. The resultsindicated that the selected fish does not feed directly without proper treatment of riverin ecosystem.

KEYWORDS: Heavy metals, Water, Sediments, Ganga River, Fish tissue


94

ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF GREATER WAX MOTH,GALLERIAMELLONELLA(L) AT PANATNAGAR, UTTARAKHAND

Bisht Brijesh and Tiwari RuchiraResearch Scholar , Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and

Technology Pantnagar, Pin No: 263145,Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) India*Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACTHoneybees are natures creation which provide us liquid gold in form of sweet honey and also responsible for 75-80% ofcross pollination due to floral fidelity. Honeybees are social insect and live in colonies which are easily prone to severaldiseases and pest attack. The main pest of honeybees is greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L) which causes severedamage to honeybees and bee combs. During adverse climatic conditions and scarcity of food, the bee colonies becomeweak, due to which, the attack of wax moth becomes more predominant in beehive and on the empty frames particularlyunder storage conditions, resulting in tunnelling of frames, where the wax combs are eaten by wax moth larvae andwebbing is made in frames. It is very difficult to reuse the frames, leading to economical loss to farmer. Thus, it is veryimportant to store the empty frames and properly manage the incidence of wax moth at the earliest. Farmers tend to adoptthe most easiest resort to manage this pest i.e. chemicals such as celphose ( aluminium phosphide) tablets,paradichlorobenzene, naphthalene bolls leading to contamination of bee frames with toxic residues in honey, and manytime leading to rejection of frames by queen bee and ultimately colony is collapsed.Keeping these points in view, studies were carried out during 2013-14 at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, on the eco-friendlymanagement of noxious pest of honeybee, wax moth, G. mellonella by spraying eco-friendly decoctions prepared byextracting leaves and seeds powders of neem and jatropha in cow urine and water , separately @ 10% on empty beeframes under storage conditions, has shown excellent results with lowest larval survival of wax moth in Neem SeedWater Extract (NSWE) (60.00%) followed by Jatropha Leaf Water Extract (JLWE) (70.00%), Neem leaf water Extract(NLWE) &Neem Leaves (NL) @ 50g were showing (73.33%) larval survival in comparison to untreated ( 100%) .Thecomb damage caused by the larvae was also found significantly very less ranged from (25 % to 60.33 %) in treated emptybee frames whereas highest larval damage (100 %) was observed in untreated combs.

KEYWORDS: sweet honey, G. mellonella, Jatropha Leaf, NSWE.

Session – IV

INNOVATIONS IN ICT,SOCIAL SCIENCES,MANAGEMENT &ALLIED SCIENCES


95

INFORMATION COMMUNICATION NEEDS AMONG RURAL FISHFARMERS: A STUDY IN UTTARAKHAND

1Sharma Adita, 2Sharma Ambuj and Sharma Arpita1Ph.D. Student, Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries Science, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar

2B.Tech Student, Agricultural Engineering, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar3Department of AgrilComm, College of Ag, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar.

ABSTRACTInformation is an indispensable factor in the practice of farming and it is the basis of extension survive delivery.Fishfarming information can be considered as all published or unpublished in all aspects of culture fish production. The qualityof information rests solidly on three pillars which are accuracy, timeliness and relevance. Problem of low productivity inculture fisheries persists. Though there are improved packages on fish production, it is assumed that they are notadequately used by farmers. The utilization of information on fish farming technologies among farmers will alwaystranslate into efficiency in fish production and have increased productivity. The study was conducted to assess theutilization of information on fish farming techniques by rural fish farmers in District Udham Singh Nagar of Uttarakhand.For the study, a sample size of 120 rural fish farmers was used. Data were collected with the use of structured interviewschedule and analysed with the application of descriptive statistics, while the hypothesis were tested by the use of chi–square. Information used ranged from stocking rate to preservation technique. The sources of these information includedextension agents, other farmers, fish farmers’ groups, university, research institutes and NGOs. The need gap of thefarmers include the ones related to those already known to and were being used by them. There were significantrelationship between information utilization and fish farmers’ demographic characteristics. Significant relationship alsoexists between sources of information utilization. It was recommended that extension agents should intensify their effortsin teaching farmers how to utilize the complex information among others.

KEY WORDS: Fish Farmers, Rural, Information, Utilization.

COMMUNITY RADIO AS AN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TOOLFOR SOCIAL LEARNING ON SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND NATURE

Sharma ArpitaDepartment of Agricultural Communication, College of Agriculture, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar,

Udham Singh District, Uttarakhand-263145Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT“Communication is not only a system of information, but also an integral part of education and development”- McBrideCommission Report (1978). Community radio offers some key benefits over other media for engaging with localcommunities on climate change, particularly in rural areas in many parts of India. First, it is communicated orally, usinglocal language, and at relatively low cost meaning that it is accessible to people who cannot access other media. Secondly,community radio is frequently paired with other communication tools such as mobile phones for call-in shows, or face toface listening groups which enhance uptake of the information being shared, and creates a platform for two-way exchangesand learning between a wide range of actors. Community Radio applies participatory communication approaches. Thenature and extent of community participation in a community radio station varies from minimal participation whenoutsiders make the decisions to full involvement of the community members in the decision-making process beginningfrom the initiation to the establishment, management, financing, administration, program production and evaluation.Participatory communication approaches place decision-making in the hands of ordinary people. It can democratizecommunication and empower the marginalized people. It tends to stress the importance of the cultural identity of localcommunities and participation at all levels- international, national, local and individual.“Community radio is the voice forthe voiceless. Community radio is the repository of knowledge and science. Community radio provides solution to thesocial problems.”-CEMCA Present paper aim to discuss the importance of Community Radio as an InformationCommunication tool for social learning on Science Technology and Nature.

KEY WORDS: Community Radio, Development, Science.

Innovations in ICT, Social Sciences, Management & Allied Sciences

96

ADAPTATION OF INDIAN THANGKA PAINTINGS FOR DESIGNING ANDDIGITAL PRINTING OF APPARELS USING COMPUTER AIDED

DESIGNING

Mandal PradeepDepartment of Textile Design, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Himachal Pradesh, 176001, India


ABSTRACTTibetan thangkas (Buddhist scroll paintings) are created as religious ritual objects. The fact that they are mainly consideredas artworks in the Western world impacts on the decisions made for their display and conservation. This article exploresthe current approach to thangkas in perspective of Indian market and the digital image restoration, and thangka image inpainting method. Traditionally these paintings were done by hand which is time consuming and laborious process, but withtechnological advancement, these designs can be created directly with the help of CAD and applied on textiles throughDigital Printing. This is now possible with CAD and digital printing to go straight from an initial idea to visualrepresentation of fabric showing these designs in combination of colors within minutes. The present study was an attemptto develop fusion designs from thangka paintings using CAD and adapt it on apparels using digital printing technique. Thiswill be an effort to expose the unexplored treasures to the world by introducing the newly developed fusion designs fromthe overabundance of the arts and to open new avenues for artisans to revolutionize the Fashion world and empower them.

KEYWORDS: Tibetan Thangkas, CAD Technology, Digital Printing, Fusion Designs, Scroll Painting, Apparels.

DISCOVERY OF THE HELIUM IN SAUGOR DIVISION, SOUTHERNGANGA BASIN, BUNDELKHAND REGION, M.P. INDIA

Shandilya Arun K.Department of Applied Geology,Dr.Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar , M.P.India.

Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe discovery of the helium in the petroliferous tube wells in Saugor Division, southern Ganga Basin region has beencarried out in great detail in 50 Tube wells, along with the stable isotopic analysis were carried out for the gas sample werecollected from the 50 tube wells in Sagar and Damoh District of M.P. The discovery of the rare gas helium in hydrocarbonrich zone in the tube wells in agricultural field at Garhakota, Rahatgarh, Bina, Banda &SagarTahsils, of District andBatiyagarh, Patharia, Jabera, tahsils in Damoh District of M.P. is a unique finding in rocks of the Vindhyan SuperGroup, in the history of Earth Science in India. The depth of tube wells are varying in 300 feet to 750 feet. On the basisof geochemical analysis, it is remarkable to note that average values of helium contents varies from 0.34 % to 0.732 %along with the 72% to 99 % of methane and ethane, and minor amount of oxygen, nitrogen and CO2 gases in thehydrocarbon rich zone are recorded during the geochemical and stable isotope analysis. It has been found in the stableisotope δ C13 value the values for the methane is - 43.6 per mil w. r. t. to - 54.9 per mil w.r.t. PDB and for the Ethane gas is--24.9 to --26.4 per mil w. r. t. PDB in the gas samples. The occurrence of rare helium gas in the Hydrocarbon rich zone isreported first time in the tube wells of SagarDistt, which were geochemically and stable isotopically analyzed in the labs ofKDMIPE,ONGC, Dehradun & NGRI Hyderabad. The gaseous hydrocarbon analysis show the presence of moderate tolow concentration of methane ( C1) 1 to 104 ppb, Ethane( C2)-1 to 14 ppb, Propane( C3) 1 to 10 ppb, i- Butane ( i C4) 1 to9 ppb and n Butane ( n C4) 1 to 8 ppb in the soil samples collected from different locations.The Result of the stableisotopic analysis of Ethane gas in these samples δ C13 value are ranging from -24.9 per mill w.r.t. PDB and -26.9 per millw.r.t. PDB are indicative that this gas is of thermogenic origin, which must have been formed at very high temperature &pressure condition in the deeper horizon of the Great Vindhyan sedimentary basin of an early Proterozoic ( > 600 m.y.)period

KEYWORDS: Petroliferous, Tube Wells, Hydrocarbon Gas, Helium Gas, Proterozoic, Isotopic, Thermogenic


97

BIODIVERSITY, APPLICATION OF BIOENERGY FOR ENERGYSYSTEMS OR MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY:

SUSTAINABLE ENERGIES FUTURE PERSPECTIVE THROUGHENERGY EFFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT

Abdeen Mustafa OmerEnergy Research Institute, Nottingham, UK

Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe demand for energy continued to outstrip supply and necessitated the development of biomass option. Residues werethe most popular forms of renewable energy and currently biofuel production became much promising. Agricultural wastescontained high moisture content and could be decomposed easily by microbes. Agricultural wastes were abundantlyavailable globally and could be converted to energy and useful chemicals by a number of microorganisms. Compost or bio-fertiliser could be produced with the inoculation of appropriated thermophilic microbes which increased the decompositionrate, shortened the maturity period and improved the compost (or bio-fertiliser) quality. The objective of the presentresearch was to promote the biomass technology and involved adaptive research, demonstration and dissemination ofresults. With a view to fulfill the objective, a massive field survey was conducted to assess the availability of raw materialsas well as the present situation of biomass technologies. In the present communication, an attempt had also been made topresent an overview of present and future use of biomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals andother materials. We may conclude from the review paper that biomass technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested,implemented, and demonstrated, not only in urban areas but also in remote rural areas.

KEYWORDS:Biomass Resources, Agricultural Wastes, Energy, Environment, Sustainable Development.

EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ON NON-REDUCING SUGARSIN NIGELLASATIVA L. SEEDLING

Abdul Mabood and Iffat Zareen AhmadDepartment of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh, India


ABSTRACTNigella sativa L. (Black cumin) is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to familyRanunculaceae. Heavy metals areessential and important components for plants growth. The seeds were germinated in the presence of metal chlorides(FeCl2, ZnCl2 and PbCl2) in different concentrations (25µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, and 75 µg/ml). However, when they increase inconcentration, heavy metals show symptoms such as delayed growth and inhibition of biochemical reactions. The changesin seed reserve biomolecules and their utilization during germination were noteworthy. The total content of non-reducingsugars was found high in case of seeds as compared to the control seedlings without stress. High content of non- reducingsugars was seen in case of seeds treated with 75µg/ml FeCl2 but it decreased significantly at a concentration of 25µg/mland 50µg/ml when compared to the control seedlings. However, in case of PbCl2 treated seeds total non-reducing sugarcontent was found to increase slightly at higher concentration (75µg/ml) whereas it decreased at the lower concentrations(25µg/ml and 50µg/ml) as compared to control seedlings. In contrast to PbCl2 and FeCl2, total non-reducing sugar contentin case of ZnCl2 at all the three concentrations was found very low as compared to the control seedlings. The chemicalanalysis of carbohydrates showed differential alterations in terms of content with respect to variations in metal stress.

KEYWORDS: Nigella sativa L., Heavy Metals, Non-reducing Sugars.


98

PRODUCTION OF GREEN CONJUGATES OF SILVER NANOPARTICLESFOR DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL AGAINST

BIOFILM PRODUCING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS1*Bharti Jaya, 2Mathur Abhishek

1Research Scholar, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India2Sr. Scientist & Head (Technical), Environmental Biotech & Engineering Co. (EBEC) Delhi- NCR-110012, India


ABSTRACTIn recent era, Nanotechnology is a burning field for the researchers. Nanotechnology deals with the Nanoparticles having asize of 1-100 nm in one dimension used significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other knownfields. Nanoparticles are used immensely due to its small size, orientation, physical properties, which are reportedly shownto change the performance of any other material which is in contact with these tiny particles. These particles can beprepared easily by different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. But the biological approach is the mostemerging approach of preparation, because, this method is easier than the other methods, ecofriendly and less timeconsuming. Staphylococcus aureusis a leading cause of nosocomial infections and the etiologic agent of a wide range ofdiseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Some of the diseases mediated by this species includeendocarditis, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning, and skin infections. Biofilms are well organized andcomplex aggregate of microorganisms, surrounded by a protective matrix of exo-polysaccharides and can adhere to eachother on various surfaces. Because of increase in the drug resistance and the side effect of over use of antibiotic, it isnecessary to find a suitable agent to reduce the growth of microorganism. Biofilm are known as a significant problembecause biofilm formation protects pathogenic bacteria against antibiotics and is one of the main causes of development ofchronic infections. Thus biofilm is the main cause of drug resistance in microbial strains. These strains cause pathogenicityto a maximum extent and thus cause resistance against the conventional antibiotics/drugs. The nanoparticles weresynthesized by the concept of green synthesis by using the aqueous solution of Azadirachtaindicaleaf extract and silvernitrate. Silver was of a particular interest for this process due to its evocative physical and chemical properties.Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated and screened for biofilm production. A fixed ratio of plant extract to metal ionwas prepared and the color change was observed which proved the formation of nanoparticles. These nanoparticles werecharacterized by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and SEM. The nanoparticles were found have the size ranges from 160-180nm. These fused Ag-Azadirachtaindica* (Ag-AI*) nanoparticles were screened against biofilm producing strains of S.aureus. The results showed promising antimicrobial activity against these biofilm producers.

KEYWORDS: Green Synthesis, Silver Fused Azadirachtaindica Nanoparticles, Biofilm, S. Aureus, Antimicrobial Activity.

ECO-FRIENDLY ANTIBACTERIAL FNISHING ON BAMBOO/COTTONWOVEN FABRICS

Banupriya. J.,Ph.D Scholar, Department of costume Design and Fashion, PSG College of arts and Science, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, India

Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe present study has been designed with the objective to examine the methanol extracts of cynodondactylon,Aeglemarmelosand Michelia x Alba leaves were obtained and treated on the Bamboo/ cotton blended woven fabric. Theherbs were imparted in fabric with pad dry and cure method. The fabric was tested for its antibacterial activity againstbacteriostasis like staphylococcus aureus, e-coli. Further the treated Bamboo/ cotton fabric performance was evaluatedusing AATCC test method 61 for wash durability. The result indicates that the herbal treated fabrics have goodantibacterial activity and it showed good resistance to washing upto 20 washing cycles. From among these three herbs, thebest herb was evaluated using wash durability and objective evaluation methods.

KEYWORDS: Bamboo/Cotton Fabric, Eco-Friendly Finishes, Herbal Plants, Wash Durability.


99

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OFRUTIN IN GINKGOBILOBA COMMERCIAL DOSAGE FORMS USING HPTLC

Thakkar Mittal, Trivedi Parul, *Sharma SangitaDepartment of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan -384 265 Gujarat, India


ABSTRACTA novel High performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the quantitativedetermination of rutin in several Ginkgo biloba commercial dosage forms. Densitometric analysis wascarried out at 257nm. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelinesregarding; linearity, ranges, accuracy, precision, selectivity, robustness and limits of detection and quantification. Allginkgo products investigated were found to contain varying amounts of rutin. The high sensitivity, simplicity andselectivity of the proposed commercial method suggest its applicability for routine quality control analysis purposes ofrutin in their pharmaceutical preparations.

KEYWORDS: HPTLC, Rutin, Ginkgo Biloba

DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE (DEI) AS A RESEMBLANCEOF SUSTAINABILITY: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Mittal Priyanka and harbanda JyotikaResearch Scholar, Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Education Dayalbagh Educational Institute,

Deemed University, Agra- 282005.*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected],

ABSTRACTTo assess the current status of DEI in respect of sustainable system. Qualitative research method was used to achieveobjective .Under the Document Analysis method researcher applied content analysis method for the analysis ofsustainability. Further data were quantified by Percentage analysis. NAAC Report, Other relevant documents were used asa source of document. Recorded interviews were also conducted on 10 officials of DEI. DEI scored high on socialsustainability because of its innovative features like- Cultural EducationandScientific Methodology, General Knowledgeand Current affairs. DEI was highly ecological sustainable in use of non- conventional sources of energy, low carbonfootprint and Green campus. DEI was highly economic sustainable in financial stability (sufficiency. liability, deficit),optimum utilization of funds, enhancing employabilityand satisfaction of stakeholders. The rating of courses related to theology/spirituality/consciousness was high. Theenvironment promotes accepts spirituality through various activities like Morning Prayer, student sat sang etc. Spiritualityand consciousness studies are key components in the future vision of D.E.I. Teachers will recognize the importance ofmotivation to students to choose appropriate careers according to their potentialities and abilities. They help students intaking different decisions and also solve their different problems related to different aspects of their life. This study willalso be helpful for administration, management of college such as in making provision for giving opportunities to studentsto study in classroom. The study was conducted with a futuristic vision as India is making fast strides in the field of HigherEducation and thus will provide guidelines regarding their sustainability.

KEYWORDS: Social, Economic, Spiritual & Ecological Sustainability.


100

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALE OF WORKERS JOB SATISFACTION IN TEAFACTORY

1Gayathri Devi, 2Vats Aditi, and 3PoonamDepartment of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U. A & T. Pantnagar, India

ABSTRACTTea processing is a crucial activity in India and it involves several labour intensive processes. Like in any otheremployment sector, workers in the tea factories run an equal if not a higher risk of being injured as a result of the type ofwork they do. There are a number of common safety hazards and associated with the tea processing. Safety hazards such asmachine guarding, noise, slips and falls and lifting related injuries are quite common within the tea industry. Ergonomicsfocuses onvarious work-related risk factors such as repetitive motion, extreme forces, awkward posture, temperatureextremes, excessive exposure time, noise, vibration and substandard lighting. These ergonomic risk factors can beidentified utilizing a variety of ergonomic risk assessment tools. Controlling risk factors enables ergonomists to reduce oreliminate injuries, illnesses and disorders before they contribute to seriouslong-term musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).Therefore, study was under taken to find out occupational health hazards among tea factory workers. For the present study40 workers were taken from two factories. Research design used was descriptive cum experimental. Purposive samplingwas used and the data was gathered by interview method. The activities such as wheeling, loading wheel barrow and liftingbags causing pain/ discomfort to workers. The workers were having neck pain, lower back, thighs, knees and feet pain. Thedata further showed that existing condition in tea factory worker were not satisfactory regarding working environment.

KEYWORDS: Tea processing, labour intensive, health issues, MSDs, risk factors.

ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE MALE AND FEMALE FARM WORKERSINVOLVED IN RICE TRANSPLANTING

*Ojha Pragya and Kwatra SeemaDepartment of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science, G.P. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar

(Uttarakhand), India*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTIn Indian agricultural farming, numerous drudgery prone activities are involved. Uprooting and transplanting in ricecultivation are the most common examples of these kinds of drudgery prone activities. Indian farmers are frequentlyassociated with these tasks and they perform a sequential work through manual efforts. In some areas of India, theimproved method of uprooting and transplanting are being used but due to lack of awareness and information manualperformances of these activities are prevalent. In the present investigation, efforts have been made to compare theergonomic parameters and the rate of human drudgery among male and female farm workers, during manual uprooting andtransplanting with the improved method. For the ergonomic evaluation, twenty female and twenty male subjects wereselected in the age group of 20- 55 years. Physiological parameters like heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen consumptionrate and hand grip strength were measured in different uprooting and transplanting operations. Segmental method of centerof gravity was used to assess the deviation in CG in various working postures from neutral posture. It was observed that thecenter of gravity in various working postures was significantly deviated from neutral posture. The percentage reduction ingrip strength was also observed to be less in improved method as compared to traditional method. From this study it hasbeen recommended that improved method of uprooting and transplanting can significantly reduce the cost of drudgeryamong farmers. Workers should avoid bad work postures as far as possible during their work for reducing postural stress.

KEYWORDS: Center of gravity, Hand Grip Strength, Human Drudgery, Body Posture.


101

A DIPSTICK TO DETERMINE THE LEAD CONTAMINATION INSUGARCANE JUICE

1*Sharma Ruchi Dubey, 1Ghosh Suparna, 1Anita K., 1 Sharma Shweta, 2Amlathe Sulbha1 Career College Bhopal, 2Head, UIT, BU, Bhopal


ABSTRACTSugarcane is one of the most important cash crops in the tropics and subtropics, where it is mainly used to manufacturecrystal sugar. Sugarcane juice is consumed by rural people, thus the human health risk was measured using theconcentration of total heavy metals in sugarcane juice using estimated daily intake (EDI) and total hazard quotient (THQ).The highest harvestable sugar cane yield include the intensive use of fertilizers, irrigation, effluents, sewage sludge,industrial residues, sugar mill by-products, spent wash, pesticides, and herbicides, besides the use of high-yielding canevarieties to increase cane productivity. All of these efforts (except the use of high-yielding cane varieties) make use ofsources that contain heavy metals, which means that these efforts result in increasing levels of heavy metals in soils used togrow sugarcane. The critical load of heavy metals in soil depends on the acceptable total load from anthropogenic heavymetal sources such as deposition, fertilizers, and other anthropogenic sources, below which ecosystem damage is unlikely.Short term intake may not cause any serious harm but long-term consumption of contaminated sugarcane juice can createserious human health issues. Studies suggest anthropogenic load of heavy metal in cultivated lands of rural areas of thisregion. It is important to select plant varieties with a low ability to absorb heavy metals to reduce the risk of heavy metalexposure to people. In particular, it is important that the concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and arsenic (As)in edible parts of the plant are below the maximum limits for heavy metals in foods. The present paper presents a dipstickto check the presence of lead in sugarcane juice. The dipstick has been prepared by immobilizing a new reagent system onTLC paper. On contact with the sugarcane juice containing lead (Pb) dark blue color spot develops. Intensity of colordepends on the concentration of lead in juice. Thus, the dipstick is helpful in on spot check of presence of lead in sugarcanejuice and helps in health check.

KEYWORDS: Sugarcane, Heavy metals, TLC, Dipstick.

RECENT TRENDS AND APPROACHES IN EMBROIDERY CRAFT OFPUNJAB

Gupta ShrutiDepartment of Textile Design, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Himachal Pradesh, 176001, India


ABSTRACTSome of the very famous handicrafts of Punjab are Phulkari, Tilajutti, Paranda, Woodcarving etc. Out of the many craftsPhulkari is said to be one of the oldest one. It is a form of embroidery done on Khaddar fabric using Pat (silk) threads. Thisform of handicraft started being practised much before independence. It was earlier started by Muslims of Karachi side andslowly started being practised by Hindus as well but soon after Independence Muslims stopped practising and Hindusshowed keen interest in it. In the present study an attempt is made to explore the embroidery craft and to document thechanges that have occurred in its techniques over time process along with the colours& motifs used.With changing timesthe process of Phulkari has seen some evolutions. In the very beginning vegetables were carved out to make blocks. Themotifs were very finely carved on vegetables mostly potatoes and pumpkins were dipped in ashes of "Chula". This wasthen placed over the fabric and then the embroidery was done. But, now as times changed a lot, wooden blocks are made ofdesired motif and dipped in pigment ink and placed. Even the embroidery is done using both silk as well as cotton threads.In fact now in modernisationcomputerised systems are used to print it and even machine embroidery is done. As we knowthat Phulkari’s origin is yet to be deciphered properly and whatever we know is through oral tales. Due to severalgovernment policies and high level government support, the artisans of Phulkari now-a-days have gained importance andthey are getting values for their work. There are several craft exhibitions and state mela which are appreciating the artisans’work and they are earning well. But there is still some room for improvement as greater portion of wages still goes to themiddle men and the artisans who are doing the actual work is getting paid less than their expectation.

KEYWORDS: Phulkari craft, Khaddar, Embroidery, Wooden Blocks, Silk Thread.


102

LASER IGNITION SYSTEM FOR IC ENGINES

Madan Chand & Singh HitendraDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Greater Noida Institute of Technology,

Greater Noida, U.P.ABSTRACTLaser Ignition (LI) has been shown to offer many potential benefits as compared to Spark Ignition (SI) system forimproving the performance of Internal Combustion(IC) engines. Nowadays, combustion engines and the processesassociated with it have been playing a vital role in day to day life. In most of the cases, the ignition timing and the well-defined location plays a crucial role for an IC engines. For this process, spark plugs have been well suited but they possessmany disadvantages such as corrosion of electrodes or the location problems. New engines are becoming complex withadvanced combustion mechanisms that burns an increasing variety of fuels to meet future goals on performances, fueleconomy and emissions. For the conventional ignition system, ignition of the combustible substances by means of highlaser impulses could be highly beneficial. In the present context due to the high market demands aimed at increasing theefficiency of the engines, the existing ignition system are facing many problems day to day which is expected to rise highlyin the near future. For this purpose, IC engine manufactures are aiming at developing the new technologies that could meetthe market demands in the minimum possible time increasing the efficiency and the required power. The requirements of ahigh compression ratio and a high power density could be well fulfilled by the laser ignition system in the maximumextent. Laser Ignition has emerged has an efficient ignition technique as it has a vital role in improving the engineperformance with lower emissions. This paper aims at highlighting the progress of laser ignition system discussing theadvantages and future opportunities considering the challenges faced and prospects for its future implementation. Throughthis paper, the main goal or aim is to present the current knowledge on fuel ignition and discusses related applicationsalong with the advantages in the context of internal combustion engines. Since sustainability with regards to internalcombustion engines is strongly linked to the fuels burnt and the overall efficiency, laser ignition system can enhance thecombustion processes further minimizing the pollutant formation. This paper discusses the key advances in Laser Ignitionof IC engines made by a number of research groups, including results from work being carried out by different professorswhich aims to serve to illustrate the potential benefits of Laser Ignition. The opportunities, challenges and prospects forfuture implementation of Laser Ignition in next generation IC engines are then thoroughly explored.

KEYWORDS: Laser Ignition, technologies, performance, emissions.

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE WITHJATROPHA OIL DIESEL OIL BLENDS

Madan Chand & Singh HitendraDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida, U.P

ABSTRACT:In our study a 4-stroke 5hp diesel engine was tested with Diesel oil plus Jatropha oil blends. The blends indifferent proportions (10 to 50% by volume) were tested at constant speed of 1500 rpm. Results are presentedon tests on a single-cylinder direct-injection engine operating on diesel fuel, Jatropha oil, and blends of dieseland Jatropha oil in proportions of 90%/10%; 80%/20%; and 50%/50% by volume. The results covered a rangeof operating loads on the engine. The test showed that Jatropha oil could be conveniently used as a dieselsubstitute in a diesel engine. The test further showed increases in brake thermal efficiency, brake power andreduction of specific fuel consumption for Jatropha oil and its blends with diesel generally, but the mostsignificant conclusion from the study is that the 90% diesel/10% Jatropha fuel blend produced maximum valuesof the brake power and brake thermal efficiency as well as minimum values of the specific fuel consumption.

KEYWORDS: 4-stroke, Jatropha oil, diesel engine, thermal efficiency.


103

THE IMPACT OF MULTI-INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH ON SENIORHIGH SCHOOL STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE IN MENDELIAN

GENETICS*Ameyaw .Y. and Tenkorang, M.

Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education,Winneba, P. O. Box 25, Winneba, C/R, Ghana – W/Africa


ABSTRACTThis study investigated the impact of Multi-instructional Approach (MIA) on the performance of final year biologystudents of Abuakwa State College in East Akim District in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Two biology classes wereinstituted for the sake of the study in the chosen school. The pre-test and post-test non-equivalent quasi experimentaldesign was used.A design involving two cohorts assigned as Groups 1 and 2 with a total population of 120 was used for thestudy. Group ‘1’ was the quasi-experimental group upon which the multi-instructional approach was applied in teachingMendelian genetics whereas Group ‘2’, the control group was taught using the Conventional Instructional Approach (CAI).Questionnaire was also used to obtain additional backup data for analysis. Data gathered from both pre-interventional, postinterventional test and questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The pre-interventional test identified Groups1 and 2 as having similar conceptual understanding on basic biological concept treated by their teachers. The outcome ofthe analysis conducted on the post-interventional scores of the two cohorts (experimental and control groups) revealed thatthe experimental group achieved better performance than the control group. Also, from the results, the null hypotheses (H01

and H02) were rejected because the multi-instructional approach had a significant effect on the performance of therespondents in the experimental group introduced to Mendelian genetics. Hence, the multi-instructional approach is a goodteaching and learning approach for facilitating performance of the respondents in Mendeliangenetics.Again, the resultsobtained from the respondents on interest level, difficulty level, and the pace of learning of Mendelian genetics usingmulti-instructional strategy of the questionnaire items proved agreeable in the responses provided by the respondents.

KEYWORDS: Multi-Instructional Approach, Multi-Modal, Multi-Media Effect, Conventional Approach, Mendelian Genetics,Conventional Instructional Approach.

A BI-INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH TO TEACHING AND LEARNING OFGLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS CYCLE AT CHEMU SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

IN TEMA, GHANA

Ameyaw, Y., and Brobbery, K.Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, C/R, Ghana


ABSTRACTThis study assessed the use of a Bi-Instructional Approach (BIA) to improve Senior High Students’ understanding inGlycolysis and the Krebs cycle in the Chemu Senior High School in the Tema Metropolis of the Greater-Accra Region,Ghana. Two topics were taught using both Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) and the Traditional Instructional Approach(TIA). The use of a Bi-Instructional Approach (BIA) is to find out whether it could enhance students’ achievement asagainst the use of either TIM or CAI, which is currently advocated for by some scholars. A design involving three cohorts(Groups A, B and C) with a total population of 115 was employed for the study. Groups ‘A’ and ‘B’ were used as thecontrol group and they were taught using the TIA and CAI approaches respectively, whereas group ‘C’ as an experimentalgroup was treated with BIA. All the three groups were treated with the two topics. Data gathered from both pre- and post-interventional tests were analysed using Microsoft office excel 2010 version. The pre-interventional test revealed that thethree groups lacked conceptual understanding of balancing chemical equations involving cellular respiration and were alsoholding misconceptions about the process of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. However, conclusions drawn fromcomparative and descriptive analysis of the mean scores and Pearson Correlation Coefficient of the three cohorts revealedthat students who were exposed to the computer assisted instruction performed far better than their counterparts instructedthrough the conventional or traditional approach. Again, the study also revealed that those exposed to the BIA performedfar better than those treated with the Mono-instructional Approach (TIA or CAI).

KEYWORDS: Bi-Instructional Approach (BIA), Traditional Instructional Approach (TIA), Computer-Assisted Instruction(CAI), Mono-Instructional Approach (MIA).


104

REFRACTIVE INDEX STUDY OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONBETWEEN BINARY MIXTURES OF TERPINOLENE WITH SOME

HALOBENZENES AT 303.15, 308.15 AND 313.15K

Patel Paras, *Sharma SangitaDepartment of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan -384 265 Gujarat, India


ABSTRACTRefractive indexes ( )have been experimentally measured for binary mixtures of Terpinolene + Halobenzenes(fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene) at entire composition range at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15K atatmospheric pressure. Various secondary properties and their deviation properties likedeviation in refractive index (∆ ),molar refraction ( ) and deviation in molar refraction (∆ )have been calculated.Various theoretical refractive indexcalculating relations like Arago-Biot, Dale-Gladstone, Lorentz-Lorentz, Eykman, Weiner, Heller, Newton, Oster andEyring-John relation has been also calculated. All these calculated results were fitted with the Redlich-Kister polynomialequation. The results support for the presence of strong intermolecular interactions between components of these binarymixtures.

KEYWORDS: Refractive indexes; Molar refraction; Theoretical relations; Intermolecular interaction; Deviation Properties.

HEAT EXCHANGERS TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IN HEATEXCHANGE ENGINEERING

Abdeen Mustafa OmerEnergy Research Institute (ERI), Nottingham, UK

ABSTRACTOver the years, all parts of a commercial refrigerator, such as the compressor, heat exchangers, refrigerant, andpackaging, have been improved considerably due to the extensive research and development efforts carried out byacademia and industry. However, the achieved and anticipated improvement in conventional refrigeration technologyare incremental since this technology is already nearing its fundamentals limit of energy efficiency is described is‘magnetic refrigeration’ which is an evolving cooling technology. The word ‘green’ designates more than a colour. Itis a way of life, one that is becoming more and more common throughout the world. An interesting topic on‘sustainable technologies for a greener world’ details about what each technology is and how it achieves green goals.Recently, conventional chillers using absorption technology consume energy for hot water generator but absorptionchillers carry no energy saving. With the aim of providing a single point solution for this dual purpose application, aproduct is launched but can provide simultaneous chilling and heating using its vapour absorption technology with40% saving in heating energy. Using energy efficiency and managing customer energy use has become an integral andvaluable exercise. The reason for this is green technology helps to sustain life on earth. This not only applies tohumans but to plants, animals and the rest of the ecosystem. Energy prices and consumption will always be on anupward trajectory. In fact, energy costs have steadily risen over last decade and are expected to carry on doing so asconsumption grows. Refrigerants such as hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs) are present in the ground source heatpump (GSHP) systems and can pose a threat to the environment through being toxic, flammable or having a highglobal warming potential. However, new types and blends of refrigerant with minimal negative impacts are beingdeveloped. A correctly fitted system will also greatly reduce the potential for leakage, which is why using aprofessional installer is highly recommended. Significant CO2 savings can be gained by displacing fossil fuels. Evencompared to the most efficient gas or oil condensing boilers, a well-designed heat pump with COP of 3-4 will reduceemissions by 30-35%. Further carbon savings can be made if the electricity used to power the pump comes from arenewable energy source such as photovoltaic or a renewable electricity tariff. Also, measures can be taken to reducethe impact of pollution from using grid electricity generated through fossil fuel. For example, one can purchase dualtariff green electricity from a number of suppliers. However, even if ordinary grid electricity is used to run thecompressor, the system will still produce less CO2 emissions than even the most efficient condensing gas or oil boilerwith the same output. The term “vapour compression refrigeration” is somewhat of a misnomer, it would be moreaccurately described as 'vapour suction refrigeration'. Vapour compression is used to reclaim the refrigerant and ismore aptly applied to heat pumps. Vapour compression refrigeration exploits the fact that the boiling temperature of aliquid is intimately tied to its pressure. Generally, when the pressure on a liquid is raised its boiling (and condensing)temperature rises, and vice-versa. This is known as the saturation pressure-temperature relationship.

KEYWORDS: Absorption Cycles, Environment, Heat Pumps, Refrigeration Cycles, Thermodynamic


105

VISCOSITIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF P-CYMENE WITH HALOGENATEDBENZENES (FLUOROBENZENE, CHLOROBENZENE AND BROMOBENZENE)

AT 303.15, 308.15 AND 313.15 K

Makavana Madhuresh, *Sharma SangitaDepartment of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan -384 265 Gujarat, India.


ABSTRACTDeviation in viscosities( )have been calculated from the measured viscosities( )at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K for thebinary mixtures of p-Cymene with fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene along the whole composition rangeand at atmospheric pressure. Further, Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow (GE) is also calculated. The viscosity dataare correlated with the two body empirical equations like Grunberg–Nissan, Dolezalek–Schulze, Tamura–Kurata, Katti–Chaudhri and three body McAllister's equation and interaction parameters D12, G12, T12, and Wvis/RT are alsocalculated. Excess properties are fitted using the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The results were interpreted in termsof the intermolecular interactions are present between the component molecules.

KEYWORDS: Viscosity, Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow, Intermolecular interactions

A STUDY ON THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS AND STABILITY OFBINARY METAL COMPLEXES OF Y(III) AND TH(IV) METALS WITH

PREGABALIN

Niral Modi & *Sharma SangitaDepartment of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan -384 265 Gujarat, India


ABSTRACTBinary metal complexes of Y(III) and Th(IV) with ligand Pregabalin are studied in aqueous medium at differenttemperature 303.15K, 313.15K, 323.15K and at different ionic strength 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M by using modifiedBjerrum method. For the calculation of stability constants of these metal complexes Fortran IV program and BESTFITmodel is used. The thermodynamic parameters are studied which shows negative ∆G0, negative ∆H0 and positive ∆S0

values. These values support the idea that formation of binary metal complexes is feasible at selected temperatures. Thestability of these binary metal complexes is studied in the presence of systematic errors. To visualize the formation of thesecomplexes SPEPLOTS are also used in the pH range of 2-12. Formation and stability of these complexes is governed byeffect of temperature, ionic strength, charge and size of metal ion. Th(IV) complexes are found to be more stable in presentset of experimental condition.

KEYWORDS: Binary complexes, Bjerrum method, Stability, pH metric.


106

ALTERATIONS IN THE CARBOHYDRATES AND CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES INNigella sativa L. SEEDS AND ITS SPROUT

1*Iffat Zareen Ahmad, 1Asad Ahmad, 1Heena Tabassum, 2Sabiha1Department of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road,

Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh, India2 State Unani Medical College Himmatganj, Allahabad, UP, India

ABSTRACTThe effects of germination on soluble carbohydrates, total and digestible starch, and cardiac glycosides in Nigella sativa.N. sativa belongs to Ranunculaceae Family and it is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. It is very popularin various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda and Siddha. Seeds and oil have a long history offolklore usage in various systems of medicines and food. The seeds of N. sativa have been widely used in the treatment ofdifferent diseases and ailments. Germination is characterized by the hydrolysis of reserves, including lipids, proteins andcarbohydrates of the storage tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nutritional value of N. sativa seedand sprout which could possibly be used for their potential applications against lifestyle disorders. The seeds of N. sativawere procured from the local grocery store and germinated on wet blotting sheets on filter paper. The fifth day sprout wasconsidered for the quantitative analyses of the carbohydrates as it was shown to be most active pharmacologically in ourprevious studies. The amount of aldose sugars in seed was 2.72 ±0.33 mg/ g of fresh weight initially but after theimbibition and sprouting, there was a little decrease in the content (1.80 ±0.26mg/g FW) in the sprout. In the case of totalketose sugars, there was an initial amount of 16.0±0.12 mg g-1 dry weight in seeds. It increased slightly in the 5d sprout(17.6 ±0.11). Starch, although represents a small proportion (0.35-0.45%) of the total fresh weight of N. sativa seeds,decreased progressively during germination. from 3.54 ±0.21mg/gm FW to 2.94 ±0.56mg/gm FW. Though the amount ofsucrose was considerably low in N. sativa seeds (0.47mg/g of fresh weight), a continuous increase in the level of sucrosewas observed during the germination in 5d sprout (.0.60 ±0.10). The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemicalsubstances that produce a definite physiologic action on the human body. So, the qualitative analysis of the cardiacglycosides was carried out and it showed a decline in sprout when compared to seed.

KEY WORDS: Nigella sativa, medicine, Unani, quantitative analyses.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CR(VI) REDUCINGMICROBES

Rahul, Shilpa Deshpande KaisthaDepartment of Microbiology, Chhatrapati ShahuJi Maharaj Univeristy Kanpur, U.P. India

*Corresponding authorE-mail: rahul.singh8177@gmail

ABSTRACTChromium(Cr) a widespread environmental pollutant, is released from various industries including tanneries, metalcleaning and processing chromium plating, wood processing and alloy formation. The toxicity of Cr is dependent on itsoxidation state which causes damage to proteins and nucleic acids. Bacterial reduction of Cr(VI) can be considered as aneffective and environmental friendly bioremediation strategy. In the current study, eight bacteria (R1-8) were isolated fromVolcanic soil from Mount Bromo, Indonesia as well as Panki Power Plant, Kanpur and enriched in TSA media containing500 µg ml-1 Cr(VI). Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of three isolates was found to be up to 2 mgml-1 Cr(VI). Theseisolates were also characterized to be halotolerant, biofilm formers and antibiotic sensitive. The isolates reduced 500 µgml-1 Cr(VI) in 72 h as estimated by diphenlcarbazide assay by upto 68%. In Vigna radiata seed germination assay, isolateR5 showed enhanced cleoptile length in presence of 500 µg ml-1 Cr(VI) in comparison to control.

KEYWORDS: environmental pollutant, Chromium, Vigna radiate, cleoptile length.


107

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SEMIBARBULA ORIENTALIS (WEB.) WIJK. &MARG. DURING DEHYDRATION AND REHYDRATION REGIMES

Bansal Pooja and Srivastava AlkaIn Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow–226 007, India


ABSTRACTWater is the most important molecule for all physiological processes of plants by being the major solvent for transportingmetabolites and nutrients. Bryophytes are a successful group of cryptogams which are considered as remarkable reservoirsof novel biologically active compounds. They are highly specific to micro-environmental factors such as temperature,light, water availability and substrate chemistry which make them good ecological indicators. Desiccation induced freeradicals have been reported in plants including bryophytes, and in some cases desiccation tolerance has been correlatedwith synthesis of enzymes scavenging cytotoxic oxygen species. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of differentdehydration and rehydration levels in Semibarbula orientalis (Web.) Wijk. & Marg. collected from two different localities,with special emphasis on multiple physiological parameters including changes in antioxidant enzymes such as catalase,peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and photosynthetic pigments viz. Chl a, Chl b, total Chl and carotenoids etc. Thebryophyte system studied showed basic difference in its enzyme activities and chlorophyll in control followed bydifference in their expression under different period of dehydration and rehydration. Hence it can be proved that de andrehydration are not simply a matter of physical removal and addition of water but involve a highly organized series ofphysiological changes taking place over several hours and open the way to exciting advances in understanding the biologyof desiccation.

KEY WORDS: Bryophytes, micro-environmental, Semibarbula orientalis.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DYES BASED ONMETAL COMPLEXES OF PYRAZOLONE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR

DYEING PERFORMANCE ON VARIOUS FIBERS1Patel Bhavesh, 1Malik G M and 2Jadeja R N

1Department of Chemistry, Navyug Science College, surat-395 007 India2Department of Chemistry, M S U, Baroda -395 002 India*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTAn introduction outlining the scope and limitations of this paper is followed by a brief explanation of the essentialstructural features of metal-complex dyes. This paper reports the synthesis of some chromium, copper and cobalt complexdyes obtained from the reaction of 6-nitro-1-diazo-2-napthalene- 4-sulphonic acid and 1-phenyl-1-methyl- pyrazolonecouple dye. The dye and their metal complexes were studied, compared and characterized by spectroscopic methods(FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR), elemental analysis, metal content and magnetic measurement. The dyes were evaluated withrespect to application, fastness and spectroscopic properties. The fastness properties of the 3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-di hydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl]-7-nitronapthalene-1-sulphonic acid and of the metal complexes onnylon and wool were assessed. These complexes were applicable from neutral to weakly acid dye baths, which minimizedthe damage to the fibres.

KEYWORDS: metal-complex dyes, 6-nitro-1-diazo-2-napthalene- 4-sulphonic acid, 1-phenyl-1-methyl- pyrazolone couple dye.


108

INTRODUCTION OF ULTRASONIC INTERFEROMETER ANDEXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINATION OF

ULTRASONIC VELOCITY, DENSITY, VISCOSITY AND VARIOUSTHERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS

Saxena InduDepartment of Chemistry,University of Lucknow, Lucknow (U.P.) 226007, India

ABSTRACTExperimental techniques employed in the present work for the measurement of density, ultrasonic velocity, viscosity andworking principle of ultrasonic interferometer have been discussed in this paper. In addition to that, the present paper alsoincludes a brief discussion on experimental setup, different parts, procedure of ultrasonic interferometer, and variousthermodynamic parameters which have been evaluated using theoretical equations. Specifically, experimental techniquesemployed in the present paper are Principle of Interferometry Technique.

KEYWORDS: Experimental Setup, High Frequency Generator, Measuring Cell, Working Principle, Acoustical Parameters.

DETERMINATION OF DENSITIES OF SOME R4NI - SOLUTIONS INDMSO–DIOXANE BINARY SOLVENT MIXTURES AT 250C BY

MAGNETIC FLOAT DENSITOMETER AND STUDY OF MASSON’SEQUATION FROM ΦV DATA

Vijay Kumar, Saxena InduDepartment of Chemistry,University of Lucknow, Lucknow (U.P.) 226007, India

ABSTRACTMagnetic Float Densitometer measures the densities of very dilute as well as very concentrated solutions accurately. It hasbeen seen experimentally that for the some solution, if the weight on the float is increased, corresponding current willdecrease and vice versa. Using this technique, the densities (ρ0’s) of DMSO - Dioxane solvent mixtures at different %compositions and there solution (ρ0’s) of some tetraalkylammonium iodide have been determined experimentally by MFDat 250 C. Apparent molar volume (ϕv) were calculated by using standard relations and then plotted a graph between ϕvand √c for all the four electrolytes, are straight lines obtained, which indicates that the Masson’s equation applicable in allthe cases.

KEYWORDS:Magnetic Float Densitometer, tetra alkyl ammonium iodides salts (R4NI, Dielectric constant, DMSO – Dioxanemixture, apparent molar volume (ϕv).


109

STUDIES ON SOIL BORNE FUNGI IN CUCURBITS VEGETABLE CROPSGROWN IN LUCKNOW, KANPUR AND VARANASI DISTRICT IN UTTAR

PRADESH, INDIA*BajpaiShubham, TiwariAditi and Shukla D.N.

Bhargava Agricultural Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002,Uttar Pradesh, India


ABSTRACTCucurbits belong to the family Cucurbitaceae. This circular discusses the most important soil borne diseases afflictingcucurbits vegetable in Uttar Pradesh. In the present studies five infected Cucurbits vegetables samples namely;Cucumissativus, Cucumismelo, Citrulluslanatus, Cucurbitamoschata, Lagenariasiceraria were collected samples frommarkets of Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi urban areas. To isolate and identify the fungal pathogens from collected sampleswere tested by using PDA method in the laboratory. A total number of seven fungal genera and twelve species of fungiwere recovered from five cucurbits. Out of twelve, four species of Fusarium namely; viz. F. oxysporum, F. oxysporum sp.Cucumerinum, F. oxysporum sp. melonis, F. oxysporum sp. niveum and two fungal species of Phythium and Phytpthoranamely; P. aphanidermatum, Phythiumspp and P. capsici, P. melonis, were recovered from different cucurbits. There werefour other fungal species namely; Phomopsissclerotioides, Macrophominaphaseolina, Rhizoctoniasolani, Sclerotiumrolfsii,have been also recovered from different cucurbits. After testing the collected samples, 6 fungal genera & 8 species of fungiwere recorded from cucumber, 5 genera & 7 species from watermelon, 5 genera & 6 species from pumpkin, 4 genera & 6species from muskmelon, 4 genera and 4 species in bottle gourd.

KEYWORDS: Cucurbits, Vegetables, Isolation and Identification, Soil borne fungi.

EFFECTS OF AROMATIC PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON ENZYMEACTIVITIES OF SCYLLA SERRATA FOUND IN MAHIM CREEK

(MUMBAI)1Rangoonwala Shaheda P., 1Shaikh Hasina and 2Pandey A. K.

1Department of Zoology, Rizvi College of Art, Science and Commerce, Bandra (W),Mumbai - 400 050, India2ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Lucknow - 226 002, India


ABSTRACTMahim Creek and Bay (Mumbai) receive large volumes of effluents from Mithi river which is an open ground for throwingwaste from tanneries, industries, garage and scrap dealers located near the river and domestic waste water making itunsuitable for the living organisms. Beside these, illegal activities like washing vessels, animals and oily drums, dischargeof unauthorized hazardous waste are also carried out along the course of river. Oil spill, mostly contain higherconcentration of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Among these, the aromatic hydrocarbons are mostlyresponsible for the toxic effects of crude and refined oil. Oil spill is the major concern and threat to sea food. When crudeoil mix with water, much more physically and chemically complicated mixture is formed. Mahim creek contains highconcentration of hydrogen sulphide, many toxic heavy metals, organic chemicals, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbon anddye. Fishing activities are being carried out on large scale and fishes and crabs netted out from this creek for supply in themarkets. The aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon (APH) are responsible for toxic effects in animals. Scylla serrata is aneconomically important species as it is the tastiest crab with huge demand in markets of the south Asian countries.Petroleum aromatic hydrocarbon are active inducer of antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in Scylla serrata. After exposure of APH to 3.0 ppm aliquot, SOD, CAT andGST activities increased in gills and muscle suggesting stress in crabs. On the other hand, activities of SOD, CAT and GSTwere declined significantly in crabs exposed to 5.00 ppm of aliquot for 21 days, probably to protect cells against thedamage by oxyradicals generated from petroleum hydrocarbons.

KEYWORDS: Aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon, Mahim creek, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione-S-transferase, Scyllaserrata.


110

NEW KINEMATICAL PARAMETERS IN EINSTEIN-CARTAN THEORY OFGRAVITATION

Pathak R.K.Department of Applied Sciences, B.N. College of Engineering and Technology Lucknow (U.P.) India

ABSTRACTWe present expressions for the time like kinematical parameters and the propagation equation for expansion. When thespin tensor is u-orthogonal, the spin of the gravitating matter has no effect on the propagation equation of expansion, but itinfluences the propagation equation of expansion when it is not u-orthogonal.

KEYWORDS: Spin tensor,u-orthogonal,Christoffel symbols, contortion tensor, torsion tensor, shear tensor

CSTRI 2-IN-1 WINDING MACHINE FOR WEFT PREPARATION IN HANDLOOM WEAVING

1P.Mathiazhagan, 2 Prakash Y. Naik, 1B. M. Mahadevaiah, *Ramakrishnappa Alur & 3Subhas.V.Naik1Silk Conditioning & Testing House, CSTRI, CSB, Dharmavaram, A.P- 515671 India.

2Silk Conditioning & Testing House, CSTRI, CSB, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.3Central Silk Technological Research Institute, CSB, Bangalore, India.


ABSTRACTThere are 23.77 lakhs handlooms in India, which includes over 8-10 lakhs silk handlooms in India. Of which the combinedAndhra Pradesh & Telangana States comprise about 2-2.5 Lakhs silk handlooms. Weft preparation for these handloomshas been a time consuming, laborious job, which is being done manually for years. This job becomes more cumbersomeand drudgery oriented when the silk handlooms use metal zari. Importantly, 90% of this operation is done by women folkonly, squeezing spare time during their day long household activities for cooking, child care, housekeeping etc to help theirmale members / husband to continue silk weaving operations. Weft preparation involves two types of operations as well ashighly drudgery operation while using metal zari which rubs the fingers of winders particularly our women folk i. Hank-to-Bobbin Winding,ii.Bobbin-to-Pirn Winding &Zari Winding on Pirns comprise of copper, silver, metallic wires/foilsMechanization of these operations through motorized winding & pirn winding machines are being promoted by fewmachinery manufacturers. The cost of these machines is very high and most of the silk handloom weavers could not affordto buy and use these machines. As per this, the silk weavers prefer these two operations in two-in-one form rather thanseparately as it involves more investment and require more space in their houses which is generally very less andcongestive. Such type of two-in-one machines will be very handy in case of silk weavers in remote area and small villages,who generally own one or two looms vis-à-vis, needs less number of pirns per day. It may also be recalled that more than50% of silk handlooms are located in small villages with one or two handlooms in their household activities. In order totide over this problem the scientists of Silk Conditioning & Testing House, Dharmavaram have developed the 2 in 1winding machine capable of Preparing weft for weaving.The salient features of this newely developed machine are itscompactness , combining two operations in one machine saving one labour and 4% wastage, ensuring uniform tension inwinding due to three speed gear box mechanism for travels, less cost of the machine, significant reduction in drudgery dueto use of metal zari leading to cuts in fingers, etc,.

KEYWORDS: handlooms, metal zari, Conditioning & Testing House.


111

A STUDY REGARDING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SINDHOLIBLOCK DISTRICT OF SHAHJAHANPUR U.P.

Prasad Narendra, Ravindra Kumar, Singh Manoj and Tripathi N.C.Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shahjahapur, KVK, Rampur, SVPUA&T, Meerut (U.P.)

ABSTRACTThe achievement of agricultural information study always depends upon well controlled sample and a definedmethodology for collecting the relevant data. The first step is to plan the whole investigation and then to decide on itsscale, the method to be used, the timing of the study and the type of the questions to be asked or the type of information tobe recorded. The present study was conducted in Sindholi block of district Shahjahanpur Uttar Pradesh, the present studycoverage of basic agriculture, facilities and infrastructure and agriculture policy among the different communities in therural areas of the district. The basic survey showed the coverage of primary agriculture facilities. This study importantabout the distribution of farming households and land holdings, share of agriculture, non-agriculture and cropping patternin the districts. The study also discusses in sector wise distribution the value of output in agriculture and allied agricultureactivities. Share of area under different fruits, vegetables, seasonal vegetables as a percentage of total Area in the district.Annual growth rate of different livestock, share of livestock output, percentage distribution by household in rural areas inthe district, share of agricultural Vis-à-vis Non-agricultural and commodity exports in agriculture in the district. This paperfocuses the primary agriculture status among the poor population on socio-economic improvement of differentcommunities. This paper finds out the rural development, agricultural growth, poverty reduction, production linkages. Thisstudy aims to analyze the trends and patterns of agricultural diversification and related development in the district

KEYWORDS: infrastructure, agriculture policy, poverty reduction, production linkages.

ISSUES WITH THE HAUSDORFF MEASURE IN FINSLER SPACES

Srivastava ShikhaShri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACTI assemble a class of Finsler estimations in three-dimensional space with the ultimate objective that each one of theirgeodesics are lines, yet not all planes are extremal for their Hausdorff area functionals. This exhibits if the Hausdorffmeasure is used as considered volume on Finsler spaces, then totally geodesic submanifolds are not so much irrelevant,filling comes about, for instance, those of Ivanov [On two-dimensional unimportant fillings, St. Petersburg Math. J. 13(2002) 17–25] don't hold, and fundamental geometric conditions don't exist. On the other hand, using the Holmes–Thompson definition of volume, I exhibit a general Crofton formula for Finsler spaces and give a straightforwardconfirmation that their totally geodesic hypersurfaces are insignificant.

KEYWORDS: Hausdorff measure; Finsler manifold; Integral geometry; Minimal submanifolds; Holmes–Thompson volume.


112

SCIENCE, RELIGION AND SOCIETY

Sharma Sanat KumarHead, Centre for Sociological Studies,School of Social Sciences and Policy,Central university of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar

ABSTRACTThis Paper aims to analyse relationships of Science and Religion from the perspective of sociology of religion. It isbecause it helps in shaping relations and behaviour of individual, group and community in a modern society. It seeks toshow the dialogue amongst the Sciences, social sciences and theology, so that its own path of growth and development canbe invented and achieved. Social science in general and Sociology in particular uses similar methodology as naturalsciences/physical sciences has used and visualised positivistic society. In this regards, ideas of social fact, sacred, profane,collective conscience are very relevant to mention. Taking this view in inspiration, the paper intends to analyse in thegrowth and development relationship of religion and society in Indian context in the second section. It is mainly based onsecondary sources.

KEYWORDS: Science and Religion, Sociology of religion, Social sciences.

MODERNITY, TECHNOLOGY AND MODERN SOCIETY

Pandey Haresh NarayanCentre For Sociological Studies, School Of Social Sciences And Policy, Central University Of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar

*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected]

ABSTRACTTechnology has been considered as fruit of accumulated knowledge and its use has changed the force of production andbrings material progress in modern industrial society. The introduction of technology to the Third World has been servingin two ways- to achieve prosperity and putting an end to colonialism on the one hand and on the other in contemporaryworld it is seen as spreading more effectively western imperialism by destruction of culture and nature. The advocacy formore independent technological development in the Third World Societies so that their conditional needs have been madein a sustainable manner and are reported on rise. It questions the idea of construction of technology by obeying anautonomous and value neutral logic of science and portrays necessary for achieving inconvertible goal of modern society.Technology is understood as creation of modernity and modernity is also known to be shaped by technology. Theconstruction of technological view begins with questioning several philosophical trends such as essentialist and socialhistorical etc. accounts of technology. Several scholars have rejected the idea of technological determinism and referring tomore comfortable social constructivist account of technology. These scholars claim that several dominant view oftechnological construction has failed to understand interaction pattern of technology with economic, political and socialconcern in a modern democratic society. The other level problem of technology has been related to a reactionary challengeto the idea of technological access and its use in a less rational and less democratic manner in society. It happens probablybecause technology has been designed and produced by keeping more market concern in mind not people i.e.democratisation of technology. The paper aims to deal with the following objectives.1) The relationship of modernity andtechnological development.2) The technological construction and its access to citizens in modern democratic society.

KAYWORDS: Technology, Imperialism, Modernity, Democratisation.


113

ANALYSIS OF DISPUTES AND OPPURTUNITIES IN BIG DATA MINING

Tripathi ShrutiResearch Scholar, J.J.T. University


ABSTRACT:While "Big Data" has turned into a highlighted trendy expression since few years ago, "Big Data Mining", mining fromhuge information, has very quickly taken after up as a rising, interrelated exploration topic. This paper gives a review ofbig data mining, talks about the related difficulties and the new opportunities in the field of big data mining. The studyincorporates a survey of best ways for handling and overseeing huge information and the attempts should be taken on bigdata mining. This paper discusses the main issues identified with big data and big data mining, and brings upcircumstances and exploration points as they should appropriately modify. The analysis presented in this paper surely helpsthe researcher’s knowledge of today's data mining technique, illuminating tomorrow's greater difficulties rising as per bigdata.

KEYWORDS: Data Mining, Big Data, Big Data Mining.

ULTRASONIC STUDIES ON MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN TERNARYMIXTURES OF SODIUM DO DECYL SULPHATE-UREA-WATER AT

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Tripathi Narendra PrasadDepartment of Engg. Chemistry, R. R Institute of Modern Technology, Lucknow (U.P)

*Corresponding Author E-mail: narendratripathi54 @ gmail.com

ABSTRACTThe ternary mixture of Sodium do decyl sulphate with urea in water has been studied extensively from the view point oftheir acoustic and molecular interaction studies at 303,308,313,318 &3230K .Experimental values are used to computederived parameters. By using the ultrasonic velocity (U), density (ρ) coefficient of viscosity ( η), the other acousticalparameters adiabatic compressibility ( βs), free length (Lf), are calculated. This study reveals that urea is hydrophilic (SB) /weak interaction within temperature range (303-3080K) and hydrophobic (SM)/ strong interaction within temperaturerange (313-3230K).

KEYWORDS: Ultrasonic velocity-Dipole-dipole interaction, free length, SM (Structure-Maker), SB (Structure-Breaker) ,βs(Adiabatic compressibility), SDDS (Sodium do decyl sulphate), Urea (Bio- molecule).


114

CODING FOR HARD-DISK PARTITION BY LINUX BLOCK DEVICE DRIVER

1Pandey Navneet Kumar and 2Prabhakar1M.Tech. Scholar, Department of Electronics, RRIMT/AKTU India

2Department of Electronics, RRIMT/AKTU India

ABSTRACTIn this paper presenting coding required to understand the partition concept of Hard disk by linux device Driver. Efficientblock drivers are critical for its performance and not just for explicit read and write in user applications. Modernsystems with virtual memory work by shifting (hopefully) unneeded data to secondary storage, which is usually adisk drive. Block drivers are the conduit (midway) between core memory and secondary storage; therefore, they canbe seen as making up part of the virtual memory subsystem.

KEYWORDS: Hard disk, Linux Device, Partition.

WTO AND INDIAN WHEAT EXPORT1*Rai Priti, 2Badugu Devaraj and 3Joshi Suprit John

1Research Scholar at Joseph School of Business Studies,2Head, Deptt. of Marketing, Joseph School of Business Studies,

3Sr. Assistant Professor Joseph School of Business Studies,Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (U.P.)


ABSTRACTWTO administers the complication of a set of trade agreements its call the WTO agreement in this agreement include thegeneral agreement on tariff and trade (GATT). There are some different agreement in the goods sector in addition,agreement in the other areas (different- different place) services and intellectual property right. After the independence in1947 production and productivity of wheat very low. Production of wheat was only 6.46 million tones and productivitywas merely 663kg.per hectare during 1950 to 1951. Huge crises of wheat production in India after “WHEATREVALUTION” India is second largest wheat producer in the world after chine with about 12% share in the total worldwheat product. Now India is surplus India position to export wheat in the international markets and can earn foreignexchange. The study focuses on the examine effect of WTO on Indian wheat exports and the challenges involved in andquantitative date was sourced.

KEYWORDS:- GATT, WTO, Wheat Export And Challenges


115

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF DAIRY ENTREPRENEURS ONKNOWLEDGE, INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT UNDER SGSY

1*Singh Rahul Kumar, Doharey R. K., Singh S. N., Singh Dharmendra, Singh V.K. and 2Verma G.S.*1Deptt. of Extension Education, N.D.U.A. & T. Kumarganj, Faizabad-22429 (U.P.) India

2SMS(Horticulture), KVK, Chandauli,UP*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTSwarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) is one of the employment generation programme that provide incomegenerating activities through bank credit and government subsidy. In April 1999, SGSY was formed by restructuring theIntegrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and merging several allied skills generation programmes. The presentinvestigation was carried out in Amaniganj block of Faizabad district (U.P.) through 100 randomly selected dairyentrepreneurs. The data has collected personally by using pre-tested interview schedule. The study exposed that in case ofbefore the programme, majority of the respondents (78%) were observed in the low category of knowledge extent aboutdairy enterprise followed by medium (20%) and high (2%), respectively. In case of after the programme, majority of therespondents (60%) found in the medium category of knowledge followed by 20% in both high and low category,respectively. Under the income, in case of before the programme, majority of respondents (83%) were found in lowcategory (up to Rs. 10000) followed by (17%) medium category (10,001-28,000). In case of after the programme, majorityof respondents (78%) found in medium category (10,001-28,000) followed by (12%) low category (up to Rs. 10000) and(10%) high category (28,001 and above), respectively. Under the employment condition, in case of before the programme,majority of respondents (88%) exposed in low category (up to 281) in working days per year about dairy enterprise. In caseof after the programme, majority of respondents (65%) got in medium category (285-568) in working days per year aboutdairy enterprise under SGSY programme.

KEYWORDS: Interview Schedule, Entrepreneur, knowledge, Income

STUDY ON AWARENESS LEVEL OF THE GPMS ABOUT AGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

1*Doharey R. K., Singh S.N., Singh Rahul Kumar, Pandey R. K., Atrey Sanjeev and 2Verma G.S.1Department of Extension Education, N.D.U.A. & T. Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229 (U.P.) India

2SMS(Horticulture), KVK, Chandauli,UP*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted in Milkipur block of Faizabad district (U.P.), selected purposively. A total number of 100respondents were selected through random sampling from twenty randomly selected Gram Panchayat. The structuredschedule was developed keeping in view the objectives & variables under study. The respondents were contactedpersonally for data collection. The percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation were used for calculation anddrawing the inferences. The study exposed that majority of the respondents (61%) observed in the medium category ofawareness extent about agriculture development programmes followed by (21%) high and (16%) having low level. Out of15 variables studied, two variables namely, economic motivation and scientific orientation had highly significant andpositive correlated with extent of awareness of Gram Panchayat members about agriculture development programmes.Among various constraints faced by the respondents under study ‘lack of training’ got ranked first followed by ‘Due topersonal work there is less time for agricultural development work’ was ranked of second and ‘Agriculture departmentalstaff cannot provides information due to inadequate staff’ was ranked at third respectively. Close ended suggestivemeasures taken by the researchers after pilot testing of the study area. Suggestion likes ‘Frequent training should beorganized to introduce GPMs with their role and responsibilities’ got ranked first followed by ‘Method demonstration onvarious aspects should be conducted in village to encourage farmers for adoptions of new technologies on their farm.’ wasranked of second and ‘The level of awareness and role performance of GPMs can be improved by organization field visits,workshop, trainings also by distributing agricultural related literatures to the GPs offices’ was ranked third, respectively.

KEYWORDS: Awareness, Interview Schedule, GPMs, Economic Motivation.


116

SKILL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL YOUTH THROUGH KRISHI VIGYANKENDRA

1Singh S. K., 2Singh Dhananjai, 3Singh Archana and 4Singh D.K.1Krishi vigyan Kendra, Ghazipur, U.P.

2Krishi vigyan Kendra, Sidhi, M.P.3Krishi vigyan Kendra, Unnao, U.P.

4Krishi vigyan Kendra, Ghazipur, U.P.

ABSTRACTKrishi vigyan Kendra (farm science center) an innovative science based centre,were established mainly to impartvocational training to the farmers and field level.The concept of vocational training programe in agriculture through krishivigyan Kendra grew substantially due to greater demand for improved agricultural technology by the farmers . theeffectiveness of the krishi vigyan Kendra was further enhanced by adding the activities related to on – farm testing andfrontline demonstration on major agricultural technologies in order to make the training of farmer location specific andneed based. The prime goal of krishi vigyan kendra is to impart training as per needs and requirement in agriculture andallied enterprises to all farmers, farm women and farm youth including school drop –outs in the rural areas . Krishi vigyanKendra also provides training programmes to rural youth for skill development in enterprises related to agriculture likeseed production, vermi composting, mushroom cultivation, honeybee rearing and honey production, protected cultivation ,orchard management . These training programmes for rural youth will not only enable them to learn complete package ofthe agricultural enterprises but also make them capabli of earning their livelihood.

KEYWORDS:

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