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www.energy.gov/EM 1
Recent Efforts to Risk‐Inform Decision Making for Environmental Cleanup
in the DOE Complex
Ming Zhu, Ph.D., PE, PMPOffice of Regulatory Compliance
Office of Environmental Management
IAEA MODARIA II 1st Technical MeetingVienna, Austria 31 October‐4 November, 2016
www.energy.gov/EM 2
DOE Environmental Cleanup Program
Safeguards & security
Tank waste stabilization, treatment, & disposal
SNF & SNM disposition
TRU & MLLW disposition
Soil & groundwater remediation
Facility D&D
Soil & Groundwater Remediation
$ 21,539M / 10%
Site Services*$ 21,032M / 10%
Tank Farms$ 80,509M / 37%
Nuclear Materials, Spent Nuclear Fuel, & Solid
Waste$ 34,340M/ 16%
Decontamination & Decommissioning$ 58,570M / 27%
EM’s Total Remaining Lifecycle Cost Estimate‐ $217.1 Billion Total
$123.7B in Cleanup from 1997‐2015
*Includes Safe‐guards & Security
www.energy.gov/EM 3
EM has significantly reduced risks to the public and environment
EM Accomplishments
www.energy.gov/EM 4
Regulatory Framework
DOE agreements with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state regulatory agencies, including the Federal Facility Agreements (FFA)
Other local agreements
Key parameters such as required cleanup levels and milestones
Environmental compliance a major cost driver
www.energy.gov/EM 5
Life‐Cycle Cost & Environmental Liability
147
220
309341
0
100
200
300
400
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Life Cycle Cost ($M
illion)
Year
Environmental Liabilities
www.energy.gov/EM 6
Need for Risk‐Informed Prioritization
Fully compliant budget requests exceed recent‐year appropriations
~50% of EM’s budget is “min‐safe”, which must be funded
Balance is not enough to meet current cleanup agreements
Remaining work must be prioritized
www.energy.gov/EM 7
Historical Overview
1996 – Federal Facilities Environmental Restoration (Keystone) Dialogue Committee
Recommended cleanup be prioritized based on risk “plus other factors”
2011 – Inspector General Special Report: Management Challenges at the Department of Energy
Recommended reprioritizing the Department's environmental remediation efforts on a complex‐wide basis utilizing a risk‐based strategy, funding only high‐risk, high‐priority activities
2014 – National Academies of Science Report
Summarized the results of two workshops conducted to identify best practices for risk‐informed decision making at environmental cleanup sites
2014 – Fiscal Year 2014 Consolidated Appropriations Act
Directed DOE to retain an independent group of well‐respected outside experts to conduct a complex‐wide risk review
2015 – National Governors Association Federal Facilities Task Force Report
Endorsed the Keystone “risk plus other factors” approach to priority setting
www.energy.gov/EM 8
Historical Overview (cont.)
1996 – Keystone Dialogue “Risk Plus” Factors• Early public and tribal involvement (e.g.
Integrated Priority Lists)• Communication (recognizing the embargo
period)• Coordination among multiple regulators• Transparency and confidence in the risk‐ranking
methodology• Rolling milestones• Flexible, fair‐share allocation of shortfalls• Predictable but not necessarily level funding
www.energy.gov/EM 9
DOE Enterprise Risk Management Initiative
2016 OMB Circular A-123 Update• Update Circular to ensure effective
risk management• Focus on Enterprise Risk
Management (ERM) and Internal Control
DOE ERM Initiative• Develop charter for ERM• Prepare formal policies and
procedures, and potentially a new DOE order
www.energy.gov/EM 10
NAS Workshops for Risk‐Informed Site Clean Up and Closure
• National Academies facilitated workshops at EM’s request
• Topics discussed include: Holistic approaches for remediation of sites Effective post-closure controls Assessing performance of site remedies and closures Risk-informed decision-making
www.energy.gov/EM 12
Omnibus Risk Review: Mandate
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014(H.R. 3547, Omnibus)
"Outstanding Risks to Public Health and Safety.—The Department is directed to retain a respected outside group… to rank and rate the relative risks to public health and safety of the Department of Energy’s remaining environmental cleanup liabilities. Additionally, the group should undertake an analysis of how effectively the Department of Energy identifies, programs, and executes its plans to address those risks, as well as how effectively the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board identifies and elevates the nature and consequences of potential threats to public health and safety at the defense environmental cleanup sites. The group shall provide a report to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate not later than one year after enactment of this Act."
www.energy.gov/EM 13
Omnibus Risk Review:Scope of Work
As agreed to by DOE and Congressional staff, the Omnibus Committee was charged to: 1. identify and review how specific federal policies and guidance shape DOE‐EM’s evaluation and
use of risks to human health and safety as part of program decisions
2. review how the DNFSB identifies and elevates threats to public health and safety, and how DOE considers DNFSB concerns as part of program decisions;
3. [review] how risks to public health and safety are considered as part of state and federal regulatory compliance and priorities at DOE‐EM cleanup sites;
4. [review] how DOE‐EM uses human health risk and public safety input and information from a broader range of sources as part of program decisions; and
5. [review] how DOE‐EM uses the range of human health risk and safety information available along with the broader range of input and constraints to balance cleanup priorities within and between cleanup sites.
NOTE: The Committee emphasized human health & safety as a recurrent theme
www.energy.gov/EM 14
• The Omnibus Risk Review Committee comprises a group of distinguished experts, including among others:
Former EM Assistant Secretary Jim Rispoli Former EPA Assistant Administrator Timothy Fields Former NRC Commissioner George ApostolakisRutgers University Professor and Faculty Dean Michael Greenberg (Chair)
• The Congressionally‐mandated Omnibus Risk Review is complete in 2015:August 7 Omnibus Committee distributed its report to the
Senate and House Appropriations CommitteesSeptember 22 Omnibus Committee briefed EPA and EMSeptember 26 Omnibus Committee briefed House Appropriations
Committee StaffOctober 26 Omnibus Committee briefed senior officials at OMBNovember 10 Omnibus Committee made presentation to the Performance and
Risk Assessment Community of Practice (P&RA CoP)
• The Committee developed an epilogue in June 2016 to document stakeholders feedback received after the submittal of its report to Congress.
Omnibus Risk Review:Committee and Status
www.energy.gov/EM 15
Recommendation Themes
EM is developing individual responses for each Omnibus Committee recommendation and grouped the responses into four themes:
1. The True Risks of (Cleanup) Situations Must Be Understood,
2. Effective Work Processes Are Necessary to Accomplish Cleanup in a Timely and Cost Efficient Manner,
3. Cleanup Decision‐making Processes Should be as Transparent as Possible, and
4. Using the Best Information to Inform Decision‐making.
Summary of the Committee’s recommendations can be found in the Committee presentation to the P&RA CoP, which is available on the Website: http://www.energy.gov/em/downloads/november‐10‐2015‐webinar‐congressionally‐mandated‐review‐use‐risk‐informed‐management
www.energy.gov/EM 18
Hanford Site‐Wide Risk Review
– DOE Deputy Under Secretary for Management requested CRESP to conduct an independent review of Hanford site‐wide risks to human‐health, nuclear safety, and environmental and cultural resources
– The goal of the Risk Review Project is to carry out a screening process for risks and impacts to human health and resources.
The results of the Risk Review Project are intended to provide the DOE, regulators, Tribal Nations and the public with a more comprehensive understanding of the remaining cleanup at the Hanford Site.
Intended to help inform (1) decisions on sequencing of future cleanup activities, and (2) selection, planning and execution of specific cleanup actions, including which areas at the Hanford Site should be addressed earlier for additional characterization, analysis, and remediation.
One of many inputs from many sources to help inform decisions.
– Scope: “To go” cleanup and waste management activities as of FY 2016
www.energy.gov/EM 19
Put Title HerePut SubTitle Here
David S. Kosson1, Charles W. Powers1, Jennifer Salisbury, Craig H. Benson2, Kevin G. Brown1, Lisa Bliss1, Joanna Burger3, Bethany Burkhardt1, James H. Clarke1, Allen G. Croff1, Lyndsey Fern Fyffe1, Michael Gochfeld3, Kathryn A. Higley4, George M. Hornberger1, Kimberly L. Jones5, Steven L. Krahn1, Eugene J. LeBoeuf1, Henry S. Mayer3, Richard B. Stewart6, and Hamp Turner1
1Vanderbilt University, 2University of Wisconsin – Madison, 3Rutgers University, 4Oregon State University, 5Howard University, 6New York University
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory assistance:Wayne Johnson, Elizabeth Golovich, Robert Bryce, Amoret Bunn, John Cary, Mickie Chamness, Janelle Downs, Vicki Freedman, Alicia Gorton, Jeannette Hyatt*, Ellen Kennedy, George Last, Peter Lowry, Michelle Niemeyer, Mary Peterson, Christine Ross, and Michael Truex
*Savannah River National Laboratory
Hanford Risk Review:Project Team
www.energy.gov/EM 20
Performance and Risk Assessment Community of Practice
• DOE EM sponsored the Performance Assessment Community of Practice (PA CoP) in 2009, to: a) provide means to address consistency early and throughout PA process; b) foster early and sustained communication among CERCLA, NEPA, RCRA, and DOE Order 435.1 activities
involving LLW, tank closure, and D&D; c) provide a forum to share information regarding state of the art and specific models, data and approaches;
and d) serve as an enduring data and modeling resource to minimize duplication of effort across DOE and train
future generation of PA professionals • In 2013, the group was broadened as P&RA CoP to emphasize:
a) the need for an integrated regulatory framework when cleanup work at a given site is subject to overlapping environmental regulations (CERCLA, RCRA, NEPA, DOE Order 435.1 and NDAA Section 3116); and
b) the importance of risk assessments in non‐DOE self‐regulated cleanup activities
• Chartered Interagency Steering Committee
• 13 Public Webinars
• 6 Technical Exchange Meetings
• Guidance documents under preparationhttp://www.energy.gov/em/services/site‐facility‐restoration/performance‐risk‐assessment‐community‐practice‐pra‐cop